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Feeding habits, diets and trophic relationships among three demersal sharks (Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810; Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758); and Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)) from the Porcupine Bank, Northeast Atlantic were studied. The stomach content analysis revealed differences between the diet of the three species, with a clear preference for benthonic preys in the case of S. canicula, and benthopelagic preys in the case of E. spinax and G. melastomus. The results of this study provide new knowledge about the ecological role of these species in the Porcupine Bank and will be of vital importance for their management and conservation of these species.

This paper presents the early outcomes of the educational cooperation between two European academic associations, namely the European Federation of Medical Informatics (EFMI) and European Society of Emergency Medicine (EUSEM). Two webinars were organized in December 2019 and June 2020 to explore areas where mutual education would be beneficial for interdisciplinary cooperation to advance the digitization of emergency departments for the benefit of patients, health professionals and the health system as a whole. Preliminary findings from the analysis of these two webinars are presented and the steps for further cooperation are outlined. © 2020 The European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) and IOS Press.

We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of (−)-englerin A analogues obtained along our previously reported synthetic route based on a stereoselective gold(I) cycloaddition process. This synthetic route is a convenient platform to access analogues with broad structural diversity and has led us to the discovery of unprecedented and easier-to-synthesize derivatives with an unsaturation in the cyclopentyl ring between C4 and C5. We also introduce novel analogues in which the original isopropyl motif has been substituted with cyclohexyl, phenyl, and cyclopropyl moieties. The high selectivity and growth-inhibitory activity shown by these new derivatives in renal cancer cell lines opens new ways toward the final goal of finding effective drugs for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

This article analyses the consequences that a specific new market for non-GM (genetically modified) compound feed would have on the relative profitability of Bt and conventional maize in the middle Ebro Valley (Spain). The study uses information obtained through a survey amongst maize farmers for the year 2009. This paper evaluates the current profitability of Bt maize relative to the profitability of conventional maize showing that at present the probability of Bt maize being more profitable than conventional maize is 100%, mainly due the significantly higher yields of Bt maize. In addition the future of Bt maize is analysed in the event that a specific demand for non-GM maize for feed emerges. Simulations of price premium for conventional maize and their impact on the profitability of Bt maize in the region are described. To reduce to 50% the probability of Bt maize being more profitable than conventional maize a price premium of € 17 ton-1 for non-GM maize would be necessary., Este trabajo analiza las consecuencias que podría originar la aparición de un nuevo mercado de piensos no modificados genéticamente en la rentabilidad relativa del maíz Bt y convencional en el Valle medio del Ebro (España). Para el análisis se utiliza información obtenida de los agricultores de maíz a través de una encuesta realizada durante el año 2009. El trabajo evalúa la rentabilidad actual del maíz Bt en relación a la rentabilidad del maíz convencional mostrando que la probabilidad de que el maíz Bt sea más rentable que el convencional es del 100%, debido en su mayor parte a los mayores rendimientos del maíz Bt. Además se analiza el futuro del maíz Bt ante la posibilidad de que aparezca una demanda específica para piensos no modificados genéticamente. Se realizan simulaciones de sobreprecios del maíz convencional y se analiza el impacto que éstos tendrán sobre la rentabilidad del maíz Bt. Para reducir al 50% la probabilidad de que el maíz Bt sea más rentable que el maíz convencional será necesario un incremento de 17 € ton–1 para el maíz no modificado genéticamente.

Introducción. El análisis del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes que ingresan a una institución de educación superior, así como los factores que pueden estar influyendo en él, genera respuestas a los interrogantes que corrientemente se hacen las personas involucradas en los procesos educativos y permite proponer soluciones para mejorar el desempeño de los estudiantes universitarios. Sujetos y métodos. Se determinó la asociación entre el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en el primer nivel de Bioquímica, con los factores de tipo académico y demográfico; se utilizaron dos métodos de análisis: el primero, numérico, de acuerdo con los promedios de las notas parciales y finales; el segundo, categorizado como éxito (≥ 3,0) o fracaso (< 3,0), de acuerdo con el promedio de la nota definitiva de la asignatura. Resultados. Se encontró una asociación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre los resultados de las pruebas de estado generales y específicas (ciencias naturales y matemáticas), el estatus de becario institucional y el ingreso directo a la carrera sin realizar cursos preuniversitarios, con el rendimiento académico en Bioquímica. Factores como el colegio en el cual realizaron la educación secundaria y la ciudad de procedencia no afectaron significativamente el rendimiento en ninguno de los análisis aplicados. Conclusiones. El rendimiento académico en Bioquímica se ve afectado directamente por factores que involucran las competencias individuales de los estudiantes, pero no por factores demográficos Introduction. The analysis of the students' academic achievement in a higher education institution together with the different factors that affect the student's performance generates answers to the questions that the people involved in the teaching process commonly ask themselves. This analysis is therefore, an excellent way to find and propose solutions in order to improve the student's performance. Subjects and methods. The association between the students' academic performance and the academic and demographic factors was determined in the first level of Biochemistry. Two methodologies were used for this purpose. The first one, a numerical analysis based on the partial and final grades, and a second categorical method based on the final success (≥ 3.0) or failure (< 3.0) on the subject. Results. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found when the academic performance in Biochemistry, the general and specific results of the state test (natural sciences and mathematics), the institutional scholarship status and entering the Medicine program without pre-university courses was analyzed. Factors, such as coming from different schools and the city of origin, do not affect significantly the performance in any of the analyses. Conclusions. Academic performance in Biochemistry is directly affected by factors involving the individual student's skills while the demographical factors are not involved.

Objetivos: La utilización por parte de la población de los recursos sanitarios se encuentra relacionada con los niveles de salud y con factores socioeconómicos. Los grupos de población con menor nivel socioeconómico tienen una mayor utilización de determinados recursos sanitarios; los servicios de urgencia podrían presentar un uso diferencial entre los distintos grupos de población. El presente estudio pretende identificar diferencias en el uso de los recursos de atención urgente entre grupos con diferentes características socioeconómicas. Material y métodos: Se realiza un estudio poblacional, en el que mediante el agrupamiento de las secciones censales de la ciudad de Santander, según variables sociodemográficas (edad, nivel de formación y nivel de empleo), se establecen áreas de la ciudad con similares características, mediante análisis de clusters. Se identifica el origen de los pacientes que consultan en el Servicio de Urgencias Hospitalarias (SUH) del Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, y se calcula la tasa de demanda para cada una de las áreas sociodemográficas. Resultados: El análisis de clusters es capaz de identificar cuatro agrupaciones de diferentes características socioeconómicas que se ajustan a barrios de la ciudad de Santander. Se aprecia una mayor utilización del SUH en los grupos sociales más desfavorecidos y de mayor edad media (odds ratio [OR] = 1,91; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95% 1,73-2,1) de la agrupación 1 con respecto a la 4. La proporción de ingresos es superior en las agrupaciones más favorecidas, mientras que el número de usuarios que realizan visitas repetidas proceden de agrupaciones con menor nivel socioeconómico. Conclusión: La utilización del SUH está condicionada por las características sociodemográficas del área de residencia, identificándose mayor uso entre los grupos de más bajo nivel socioeconómico. Objectives: Health resources utilization is related to health conditions and to the population's sociodemographic characteristics. Low socioeconomic groups show increased utilization of certain resources. Emergency department utilization could also be affected by socioeconomic factors. The aim of this study was to identify differences in emergency department utilization among different socioeconomic groups. Material and methods: A population-based study was performed. Census sections of the city of Santander in Spain were grouped according to sociodemographic variables (age, educational and professional attinment). Areas of the city with similar socioeconomic characteristics were established by cluster analysis. The place of residence of patients visiting the emergency department of th Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla was identified and the utilization rate was calculated for each cluster. Results: Cluster analysis was able to identify four different groups, each with different socioeconomic characteristics, which were closely related to the districts of Santander. Comparison of clusters 1 and 4 showed that increased emergency department utilization was found amongst groups with lowest socioeconomic status and higher mean age, with an odds ratio of 1.91 (95% CI: 1.73-2.1). Patients from higher socioeconomic groups were more likely to be admitted to hospital while those from lower socioeconomic groups made more repeat visits to the emergency department. Conclusion: Emergency department utilization is affected by the sociodemographic characteristics of patients' area of residence. Patients with lower socioeconomic status show greater use of the emergency department.

In the present study, we sought to determine the predictive value of selective nuclear morphometry (SNM) for patient outcome in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Tumor samples of 140 renal adenocarcinomas diagnosed and treated with radical nephrectomy and hilar lymphadenectomy between 1970 and 1988 with a minimum follow up of 5 years in all the cases were studied by SNM. The morphometric analysis was performed in the most malignant tumor selected zone. Selection was based on cytological criteria including nuclear grade. Nuclear morphometric features analyzed were: area, perimeter, major diameter, major and minor diameter of the equivalent ellipse, volume of the equivalent ellipse and sphere, circumference diameter, and shape factors. The results showed that in the selected zone tumor nuclei were larger than in the zones selected at random. There was an inverse correlation between morphometric parameters and survival and a direct one between tumoral grade and stage. Tumors of the longterm survival group of patients presented nuclei with smaller morphometric measurements than tumors of short term survival group, with significant differences between them (pe0.05). In the survival analysis carried out by the Kaplan-Meier method significant differences existed between different groups formed from break point for: area, perimeter, major diameter, major and minor diameter of the ellipse, volume of the ellipse and sphere, circumference diameter and perimeter shape factor. In the multivariate analysis carried out by the Cox method, the feature with the most predictable value related to survival, was the tumor stage. Morphometric value with the highest punctuation in the test was major nuclear diameter. The rest of the morphometric values (except elliptic shape factor and elongation factor) were also significant but they did not improve prognostic information of the major nuclear diameter. SNM offers a useful aid in a more objective grading of RCC. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed additional value of karyometry to tumor stage. SNM can be a useful tool for stratification of patients with RCC.

In order to determine the possible influence in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma of nuclear measurements on patients' postoperative survival and on various histological tumour features, we performed a nuclear morphometry study on 53 patients (50 males, 3 females) with a mean age of 57.4 years (37-79). A statistical correlation was revealed between area, perimeter and diameter and the analysis was, therefore, performed only in terms of nuclear area. No influence of nuclear area on postoperative survival was observed. Nor was a relationship fourld between rnean nuclear area and either involvement of the oesophageal wall or degree of histological differentiation. The tumours showing expansive growth had a larger mean nuclear area than those of the infiltrative growth type, although differences did not reach statistical significance. The nuclear area standard deviation (reflecting anisocytosis of the tumour) showed no correlation with sllrvivill. In conclusion. our data do not support that measurement of nuclear parameters by static methods is of any prognostic value in surgically-treated squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus.

Se estudia la reactividad potencial de ciertos minerales opalinos, considerados como áridos reactivos frente a los álcalis del cemento Portland, mediante los siguentes métodos: a) MELC 4, 1 1-a; b) evaluación por proporciones mineralógicas y c) reactividad en superficie. El estudio de la mineralogía de las rocas opalinas, antes y después del ataque con hidróxidos alcalinos, se realizó por difracción de rayos X, microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. La composición elemental de los minerales y de los residuos sólidos obtenidos por evaporación de los líquidos resultantes del ataque se obtuvo mediante espectrometría de dispersión de energía de rayos X. Los métodos ensayados permiten establecer una escala de reactividad posiblemente relacionada con la textura de la roca., MOPU