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1. ANLS* -- A Universal Document Processing Metric for Generative Large Language Models

Author

Peer, David, Schöpf, Philemon, Nebendahl, Volckmar, Rietzler, Alexander, and Stabinger, Sebastian

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Traditionally, discriminative models have been the predominant choice for tasks like document classification and information extraction. These models make predictions that fall into a limited number of predefined classes, facilitating a binary true or false evaluation and enabling the direct calculation of metrics such as the F1 score. However, recent advancements in generative large language models (GLLMs) have prompted a shift in the field due to their enhanced zero-shot capabilities, which eliminate the need for a downstream dataset and computationally expensive fine-tuning. However, evaluating GLLMs presents a challenge as the binary true or false evaluation used for discriminative models is not applicable to the predictions made by GLLMs. This paper introduces a new metric for generative models called ANLS* for evaluating a wide variety of tasks, including information extraction and classification tasks. The ANLS* metric extends existing ANLS metrics as a drop-in-replacement and is still compatible with previously reported ANLS scores. An evaluation of 7 different datasets, and more than 10 different GLLMs together with 3 different prompting methods using the ANLS* metric is also provided, demonstrating the importance of the proposed metric. We also benchmark a novel approach to generate prompts for documents, called SFT, against other prompting techniques such as LATIN. In almost all cases, SFT outperforms other techniques and improves the state-of-the-art, sometimes by as much as $10$ percentage points. Sources are available at https://github.com/deepopinion/anls_star_metric

Published
2024

9. Balancing the Digital and the Physical: Discussing Push and Pull Factors for Digital Well-being

Author

Meinhardt, Luca-Maxim, Belz, Jan-Henry, Rietzler, Michael, and Rukzio, Enrico

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

This position paper discusses the negative effects of excessive smartphone usage on mental health and well-being. Despite efforts to limit smartphone usage, users become desensitized to reminders and limitations. The paper proposes the use of Push & Pull Factors to contextualize intervention strategies promoting digital well-being. Further, alternative metrics to measure the effectiveness of intervention strategies will be discussed., Comment: 8 pages

Published
2023

11. Rare HCV subtypes and retreatment outcomes in a cohort of European DAA-experienced patients

Author

Julia Dietz, Christiana Graf, Christoph P. Berg, Kerstin Port, Katja Deterding, Peter Buggisch, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Johannes Vermehren, Georg Dultz, Andreas Geier, Florian P. Reiter, Tony Bruns, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Elena Durmashkina, Thierry Gustot, Christophe Moreno, Janina Trauth, Thomas Discher, Janett Fischer, Thomas Berg, Andreas E. Kremer, Beat Müllhaupt, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Sarrazin, C. Antoni, A. Teufel, R. Vogelmann, M. Ebert, J. Balavoine, E. Giostra, M. Berning, J. Hampe, T. Boettler, C. Neumann-Haefelin, R. Thimme, A. De Gottardi, A. Rauch, N. Semmo, V. Ellenrieder, M. Gress, A. Herrmann, A. Stallmach, D. Hoffmann, U. Protzer, A. Kodal, M. Löbermann, T. Götze, V. Keitel-Anselmino, C.M. Lange, R. Zachoval, J. Mayerle, A. Maieron, P. Michl, U. Merle, D. Moradpour, J.-P. Chave, M. Muche, H.-J. Epple, M. Müller-Schilling, F. Kocheise, T. Müller, F. Tacke, E. Roeb, J. Rissland, M. Krawczyk, P. Schulze, D. Semela, U. Spengler, J. Rockstroh, C.P. Strassburg, J. Siebler, J. Schulze zur Wiesch, F. Piecha, J. von Felden, S. Jordan, A. Lohse, M. Sprinzl, P. Galle, R. Stauber, B. Strey, W. Steckstor, W. Schmiegel, N.H. Brockmeyer, A. Canbay, C. Trautwein, F. Uschner, J. Trebicka, T. Weber, H. Wedemeyer, M. Cornberg, M. Manns, P. Wietzke-Braun, R. Günther, K. Willuweit, G. Hilgard, H. Schmidt, E. Zizer, J. Backhus, T. Seufferlein, O. Al-Taie, W. Angeli, S. Beckebaum, A. Erhardt, A. Garrido-Lüneburg, H. Gattringer, D. Genné, M. Gschwantler, F. Gundling, S. Hametner, R. Schöfl, S. Haag, H. Heinzow, T. Heyer, C. Hirschi, A. Jussios, S. Kanzler, N. Kordecki, M. Kraus, U. Kullig, S. Wollschläger, L. Magenta, B. Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, M. Menges, L. Mohr, K. Muehlenberg, C. Niederau, B. Paulweber, A. Petrides, M. Pinkernell, R. Piso, W. Rambach, L. Reinhardt, M. Reiser, B. Riecken, A. Rieke, J. Roth, M. Schelling, P. Schlee, A. Schneider, D. Scholz, E. Schott, M. Schuchmann, U. Schulten-Baumer, A. Seelhoff, A. Stich, F. Stickel, J. Ungemach, E. Walter, A. Weber, H. Wege, T. Winzer, W. Abels, M. Adler, F. Audebert, C. Baermann, E. Bästlein, R. Barth, K. Barthel, W. Becker, J. Behrends, J. Benninger, F. Berger, D. Berzow, T. Beyer, M. Bierbaum, O. Blaukat, A. Bodtländer, G. Böhm, N. Börner, U. Bohr, B. Bokemeyer, H.R. Bruch, D. Bucholz, P. Buggisch, K. Matschenz, J. Petersen, O. Burkhard, N. Busch, C. Chirca, R. Delker, J. Diedrich, M. Frank, M. Diehl, A.O. Tal, M. Schneider, A. Dienethal, P. Dietel, N. Dikopoulos, M. Dreck, F. Dreher, L. Drude, K. Ende, U. Ehrle, K. Baumgartl, F. Emke, R. Glosemeyer, G. Felten, D. Hüppe, J. Fischer, U. Fischer, D. Frederking, B. Frick, G. Friese, B. Gantke, P. Geyer, H.R. Schwind, M. Glas, T. Glaunsinger, F. Goebel, U. Göbel, B. Görlitz, R. Graf, H. Gruber, C. Hartmann, C. Klag, G. Härter, M. Herder, T. Heuchel, S. Heuer, H. Hinrichsen, B. Seegers, K.-H. Höffl, H. Hörster, J.-U. Sonne, W.P. Hofmann, F. Holst, M. Hunstiger, A. Hurst, E. Jägel-Guedes, C. John, M. Jung, B. Kallinowski, B. Kapzan, W. Kerzel, P. Khaykin, M. Klarhof, U. Klüppelberg, Wolfratshausen, K. Klugewitz, B. Knapp, U. Knevels, T. Kochsiek, A. Körfer, A. Köster, M. Kuhn, A. Langekamp, B. Künzig, R. Link, M. Littman, H. Löhr, T. Lutz, P. Gute, G. Knecht, U. Lutz, D. Mainz, I. Mahle, P. Maurer, S. Mauss, C. Mayer, H. Möller, R. Heyne, D. Moritzen, M. Mroß, M. Mundlos, U. Naumann, O. Nehls, K, R. Ningel, A. Oelmann, H. Olejnik, K. Gadow, E. Pascher, A. Philipp, M. Pichler, F. Polzien, R. Raddant, M. Riedel, S. Rietzler, M. Rössle, W. Rufle, A. Rump, C. Schewe, C. Hoffmann, D. Schleehauf, W. Schmidt, G. Schmidt-Heinevetter, J. Schmidtler-von Fabris, L. Schneider, A. Schober, S. Niehaus-Hahn, J. Schwenzer, T. Seidel, G. Seitel, C. Sick, K. Simon, D. Stähler, F. Stenschke, H. Steffens, K. Stein, M. Steinmüller, T. Sternfeld, K. Svensson, W. Tacke, G. Teuber, K. Teubner, J. Thieringer, A. Tomesch, U. Trappe, J. Ullrich, G. Urban, S. Usadel, A. von Lucadou, F. Weinberger, M. Werheid-Dobers, P. Werner, T. Winter, E. Zehnter, and A. Zipf

Subjects
Direct-acting antivirals, Hepatitis C Virus, rare HCV genotypes, resistance-associated substitutions, treatment response, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Background and Aims: Data on the prevalence and characteristics of so-called rare HCV genotypes (GTs) in larger cohorts is limited. This study investigates the frequency of rare GT and resistance-associated substitutions and the efficacy of retreatment in a European cohort. Methods: A total of 129 patients with rare GT1-6 were included from the European resistance database. NS3, NS5A, and NS5B were sequenced and clinical parameters and retreatment efficacies were collected retrospectively. Results: Overall 1.5% (69/4,656) of direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-naive and 4.4% (60/1,376) of DAA-failure patients were infected with rare GT. Although rare GTs were almost equally distributed throughout GT1-6 in DAA-naive patients, we detected mainly rare GT4 (47%, 28/60 GT4; of these n = 17, subtype 4r) and GT3 (25%, 15/60 GT3, of these n = 8, subtype 3b) among DAA-failures. A total of 62% (37/60) of DAA failures had not responded to first-generation regimes and the majority was infected with rare GT4 (57%, 21/37). In contrast, among patients with failure to pangenotypic DAA regimens (38%, 23/60), infections with rare GT3 were overrepresented (57%, 13/23). Although NS5A RASs were uncommon in rare GT2, GT5a, and GT6, we observed combined RASs in rare GT1, GT3, and GT4 at positions 28, 30, 31, which can be considered as inherent. DAA failures with completed follow-up of retreatment, achieved a high SVR rate (94%, 45/48 modified intention-to-treat analysis; 92%, 45/49 intention-to-treat). Three patients with GT4f, 4r, or 3b, respectively, had virological treatment failure. Conclusions: In this European cohort, rare HCV GT were uncommon. Accumulation of specific rare GT in DAA-failure patients suggests reduced antiviral activities of DAA regimens. The limited global availability of pangenotypic regimens for first line therapy as well as multiple targeted regimens for retreatment could result in HCV elimination targets being delayed. Impact and implications: Data on the prevalence and characteristics of rare HCV genotypes (GT) in larger cohorts are still scarce. This study found low rates of rare HCV GTs among European HCV-infected patients. In direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-failure patients, rare GT3 subtypes accumulated after pangenotypic DAA treatment and rare GT4 after first generation DAA failure and viral resistance was detected at NS5A positions 28, 30, and 31. The limited global availability of pangenotypic DAA regimens for first line therapy as well as multiple targeted regimens for retreatment could result in HCV elimination targets being delayed.

Published
2024
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15. Rare HCV subtypes and retreatment outcomes in a cohort of European DAA-experienced patients

Author

Antoni, C., Teufel, A., Vogelmann, R., Ebert, M., Balavoine, J., Giostra, E., Berning, M., Hampe, J., Boettler, T., Neumann-Haefelin, C., Thimme, R., De Gottardi, A., Rauch, A., Semmo, N., Ellenrieder, V., Gress, M., Herrmann, A., Stallmach, A., Hoffmann, D., Protzer, U., Kodal, A., Löbermann, M., Götze, T., Keitel-Anselmino, V., Lange, C.M., Zachoval, R., Mayerle, J., Maieron, A., Michl, P., Merle, U., Moradpour, D., Chave, J.-P., Muche, M., Epple, H.-J., Müller-Schilling, M., Kocheise, F., Müller, T., Tacke, F., Roeb, E., Rissland, J., Krawczyk, M., Schulze, P., Semela, D., Spengler, U., Rockstroh, J., Strassburg, C.P., Siebler, J., Schulze zur Wiesch, J., Piecha, F., von Felden, J., Jordan, S., Lohse, A., Sprinzl, M., Galle, P., Stauber, R., Strey, B., Steckstor, W., Schmiegel, W., Brockmeyer, N.H., Canbay, A., Trautwein, C., Uschner, F., Trebicka, J., Weber, T., Wedemeyer, H., Cornberg, M., Manns, M., Wietzke-Braun, P., Günther, R., Willuweit, K., Hilgard, G., Schmidt, H., Zizer, E., Backhus, J., Seufferlein, T., Al-Taie, O., Angeli, W., Beckebaum, S., Erhardt, A., Garrido-Lüneburg, A., Gattringer, H., Genné, D., Gschwantler, M., Gundling, F., Hametner, S., Schöfl, R., Haag, S., Heinzow, H., Heyer, T., Hirschi, C., Jussios, A., Kanzler, S., Kordecki, N., Kraus, M., Kullig, U., Wollschläger, S., Magenta, L., Beretta-Piccoli, B. Terziroli, Menges, M., Mohr, L., Muehlenberg, K., Niederau, C., Paulweber, B., Petrides, A., Pinkernell, M., Piso, R., Rambach, W., Reinhardt, L., Reiser, M., Riecken, B., Rieke, A., Roth, J., Schelling, M., Schlee, P., Schneider, A., Scholz, D., Schott, E., Schuchmann, M., Schulten-Baumer, U., Seelhoff, A., Stich, A., Stickel, F., Ungemach, J., Walter, E., Weber, A., Wege, H., Winzer, T., Abels, W., Adler, M., Audebert, F., Baermann, C., Bästlein, E., Barth, R., Barthel, K., Becker, W., Behrends, J., Benninger, J., Berger, F., Berzow, D., Beyer, T., Bierbaum, M., Blaukat, O., Bodtländer, A., Böhm, G., Börner, N., Bohr, U., Bokemeyer, B., Bruch, H.R., Bucholz, D., Buggisch, P., Matschenz, K., Petersen, J., Burkhard, O., Busch, N., Chirca, C., Delker, R., Diedrich, J., Frank, M., Diehl, M., Tal, A.O., Schneider, M., Dienethal, A., Dietel, P., Dikopoulos, N., Dreck, M., Dreher, F., Drude, L., Ende, K., Ehrle, U., Baumgartl, K., Emke, F., Glosemeyer, R., Felten, G., Hüppe, D., Fischer, J., Fischer, U., Frederking, D., Frick, B., Friese, G., Gantke, B., Geyer, P., Schwind, H.R., Glas, M., Glaunsinger, T., Goebel, F., Göbel, U., Görlitz, B., Graf, R., Gruber, H., Hartmann, C., Klag, C., Härter, G., Herder, M., Heuchel, T., Heuer, S., Hinrichsen, H., Seegers, B., Höffl, K.-H., Hörster, H., Sonne, J.-U., Hofmann, W.P., Holst, F., Hunstiger, M., Hurst, A., Jägel-Guedes, E., John, C., Jung, M., Kallinowski, B., Kapzan, B., Kerzel, W., Khaykin, P., Klarhof, M., Klüppelberg, U., Wolfratshausen, Klugewitz, K., Knapp, B., Knevels, U., Kochsiek, T., Körfer, A., Köster, A., Kuhn, M., Langekamp, A., Künzig, B., Link, R., Littman, M., Löhr, H., Lutz, T., Gute, P., Knecht, G., Lutz, U., Mainz, D., Mahle, I., Maurer, P., Mauss, S., Mayer, C., Möller, H., Heyne, R., Moritzen, D., Mroß, M., Mundlos, M., Naumann, U., Nehls, O., K, Ningel, R., Oelmann, A., Olejnik, H., Gadow, K., Pascher, E., Philipp, A., Pichler, M., Polzien, F., Raddant, R., Riedel, M., Rietzler, S., Rössle, M., Rufle, W., Rump, A., Schewe, C., Hoffmann, C., Schleehauf, D., Schmidt, W., Schmidt-Heinevetter, G., Fabris, J. Schmidtler-von, Schneider, L., Schober, A., Niehaus-Hahn, S., Schwenzer, J., Seidel, T., Seitel, G., Sick, C., Simon, K., Stähler, D., Stenschke, F., Steffens, H., Stein, K., Steinmüller, M., Sternfeld, T., Svensson, K., Tacke, W., Teuber, G., Teubner, K., Thieringer, J., Tomesch, A., Trappe, U., Ullrich, J., Urban, G., Usadel, S., von Lucadou, A., Weinberger, F., Werheid-Dobers, M., Werner, P., Winter, T., Zehnter, E., Zipf, A., Dietz, Julia, Graf, Christiana, Berg, Christoph P., Port, Kerstin, Deterding, Katja, Buggisch, Peter, Peiffer, Kai-Henrik, Vermehren, Johannes, Dultz, Georg, Geier, Andreas, Reiter, Florian P., Bruns, Tony, Schattenberg, Jörn M., Durmashkina, Elena, Gustot, Thierry, Moreno, Christophe, Trauth, Janina, Discher, Thomas, Fischer, Janett, Berg, Thomas, Kremer, Andreas E., Müllhaupt, Beat, Zeuzem, Stefan, and Sarrazin, Christoph

Published
2024
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17. Augmenting Teleportation in Virtual Reality With Discrete Rotation Angles

Author

Wolf, Dennis, Rietzler, Michael, Bottner, Laura, and Rukzio, Enrico

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, H.5.2, H.5.1
Abstract

Locomotion is one of the most essential interaction tasks in virtual reality (VR) with teleportation being widely accepted as the state-of-the-art locomotion technique at the time of this writing. A major draw-back of teleportation is the accompanying physical rotation that is necessary to adjust the users' orientation either before or after teleportation. This is a limiting factor for tethered head-mounted displays (HMDs) and static body postures and can induce additional simulator sickness for HMDs with three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) due to missing parallax cues. To avoid physical rotation, previous work proposed discrete rotation at fixed intervals (InPlace) as a controller-based technique with low simulator sickness, yet the impact of varying intervals on spatial disorientation, user presence and performance remains to be explored. An unevaluated technique found in commercial VR games is reorientation during the teleportation process (TeleTurn), which prevents physical rotation but potentially increases interaction time due to its continuous orientation selection. In an exploratory user study, where participants were free to apply both techniques, we evaluated the impact of rotation parameters of either technique on user performance and preference. Our results indicate that discrete InPlace rotation introduced no significant spatial disorientation, while user presence scores were increased. Discrete TeleTurn and teleportation without rotation was ranked higher and achieved a higher presence score than continuous TeleTurn, which is the current state-of-the-art found in VR games. Based on observations, that participants avoided TeleTurn rotation when discrete InPlace rotation was available, we distilled guidelines for designing teleportation without physical rotation., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables

Published
2021

18. Questionnaires and Qualitative Feedback Methods to Measure User Experience in Mixed Reality

Author

Drey, Tobias, Rietzler, Michael, and Rukzio, Enrico

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Evaluating the user experience of a software system is an essential final step of every research. Several concepts such as flow, affective state, presences, or immersion exist to measure user experience. Typical measurement techniques analyze physiological data, gameplay data, and questionnaires. Qualitative feedback methods are another approach to collect detailed user insights. In this position paper, we will discuss how we used questionnaires and qualitative feedback methods in previous mixed reality work to measure user experience. We will present several measurement examples, discuss their current limitations, and provide guideline propositions to support comparable mixed reality user experience research in the future.

Published
2021

23. Changes in ventilation distribution during general anesthesia measured with EIT in mechanically ventilated small children

Author

Dorothea Clasen, Isabel Winter, Stephan Rietzler, and Gerhard K. Wolf

Subjects
General anesthesia, Ventilation distribution, Pediatrics, EIT, GI, ARDS, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Abstract Background Atelectasis during general anesthesia is a risk for perioperative complications. EIT measurements were performed in mechanically ventilated healthy children during elective surgery to demonstrate the changes in ventilation distribution during general anesthesia. The ventilation distribution was quantified by calculating the Global Inhomogeneity index (GI). Methods EIT measurements were performed in 23 children (9 weeks—10 years) without lung disease to detect changes in regional ventilation during elective surgery. Three previously defined time points were marked during the measurement: after intubation and start of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV), change to pressure support ventilation (PSV), and after extubation (spontaneous breathing—SB). Ventilation distribution based on regions of interest (ROI) and changes in end-expiratory volume (∆EELV) were collected at these time points and compared. The Global Inhomogeneity index was calculated at the beginning of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). Results With increasing spontaneous breathing, dorsal recruitment of atelectasis occurred. The dorsal ventilation fraction increased over the time of general anesthesia with increasing spontaneous breathing, whereas the ventral fraction decreased relatively (Difference ± 5.5 percentage points respectively; 95% CI; 3.5—7.4; p

Published
2023
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25. Adapt or Get Left Behind: Domain Adaptation through BERT Language Model Finetuning for Aspect-Target Sentiment Classification

Author

Rietzler, Alexander, Stabinger, Sebastian, Opitz, Paul, and Engl, Stefan

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Aspect-Target Sentiment Classification (ATSC) is a subtask of Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA), which has many applications e.g. in e-commerce, where data and insights from reviews can be leveraged to create value for businesses and customers. Recently, deep transfer-learning methods have been applied successfully to a myriad of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including ATSC. Building on top of the prominent BERT language model, we approach ATSC using a two-step procedure: self-supervised domain-specific BERT language model finetuning, followed by supervised task-specific finetuning. Our findings on how to best exploit domain-specific language model finetuning enable us to produce new state-of-the-art performance on the SemEval 2014 Task 4 restaurants dataset. In addition, to explore the real-world robustness of our models, we perform cross-domain evaluation. We show that a cross-domain adapted BERT language model performs significantly better than strong baseline models like vanilla BERT-base and XLNet-base. Finally, we conduct a case study to interpret model prediction errors., Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables

Published
2019

32. Long-term persistence of HCV resistance-associated substitutions after DAA treatment failure

Author

Balavoine, J., Giostra, E., Berning, M., Hampe, J., Canbay, A., Steckstor, W., Schmiegel, W., Brockmeyer, N.H., De Gottardi, A., Rauch, A., Semmo, N., Fischer, J., Gress, M., Heinzow, H., Hilgard, G., Schmidt, H., Herrmann, A., Stallmach, A., Hoffmann, D., Protzer, U., Klinker, H., Schulze, P., Kodal, A., Kremer, A., Siebler, J., Löbermann, M., Götze, T., Weigt, J., Lohse, A., Von Felden, J., Jordan, S., Lange, C.M., Zachoval, R., Mayerle, J., Maieron, A., Moradpour, D., Chave, J.-P., Moreno, C., Muche, M., Epple, H.-J., Müller-Schilling, M., Kocheise, F., Müllhaupt, B., Port, K., Deterding, K., Wedemeyer, H., Cornberg, M., Manns, M., Reinhardt, L., Ellenrieder, V., Rissland, J., Semela, D., Spengler, U., Rockstroh, J., Roeb, E., Sprinzl, M., Galle, P., Stauber, R., Stremmel, W., Strey, B., Thimme, R., Boettler, T., Tacke, F., Teufel, A., Vogelmann, R., Ebert, M., Tomasiewicz, K., Trautwein, C., Koenen, T., Weber, T., Wietzke-Braun, P., Günther, R., Zizer, E., Backhus, J., Seufferlein, T., Angeli, W., Beckebaum, S., Doberauer, C., Durmashkina, E., Hackelsberger, A., Erhardt, A., Garrido-Lüneburg, A., Gattringer, H., Genné, D., Gschwantler, M., Gundling, F., Hametner, S., Schöfl, R., Hartmann, C., Heyer, T., Hirschi, C., Jussios, A., Kanzler, S., Kordecki, N., Kraus, M., Kullig, U., Wollschläger, S., Magenta, L., Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, B., Menges, M., Mohr, L., Muehlenberg, K., Niederau, C., Paulweber, B., Petrides, A., Pinkernell, M., Piso, R., Rambach, W., Reiser, M., Riecken, B., Rieke, A., Roth, J., Schelling, M., Schlee, P., Schneider, A., Scholz, D., Schott, E., Schuchmann, M., Schulten-Baumer, U., Seelhoff, A., Stich, A., Stickel, F., Ungemach, J., Walter, E., Weber, A., Winzer, T., Abels, W., Adler, M., Audebert, F., Baermann, C., Bästlein, E., Barth, R., Barthel, K., Becker, W., Behrends, J., Benninger, J., Berger, F., Berzow, D., Beyer, T., Bierbaum, M., Blaukat, O., Bodtländer, A., Böhm, G., Börner, N., Bohr, U., Bokemeyer, B., Bruch, H.R., Bucholz, D., Burkhard, O., Busch, N., Chirca, C., Delker, R., Diedrich, J., Frank, M., Diehl, M., Dienethal, A., Dietel, P., Dikopoulos, N., Dreck, M., Dreher, F., Drude, L., Ende, K., Ehrle, U., Baumgartl, K., Emke, F., Glosemeyer, R., Felten, G., Hüppe, D., Fischer, U., Frederking, D., Frick, B., Friese, G., Gantke, B., Geyer, P., Schwind, H.R., Glas, M., Glaunsinger, T., Goebel, F., Göbel, U., Görlitz, B., Graf, R., Gruber, H., Härter, G., Herder, M., Heuchel, T., Heuer, S., Höffl, K.-H., Hörster, H., Sonne, J.-U., Hofmann, W.P., Holst, F., Hunstiger, M., Hurst, A., Jägel-Guedes, E., John, C., Jung, M., Kallinowski, B., Kapzan, B., Kerzel, W., Khaykin, P., Klarhof, M., Klüppelberg, U., Wolfratshausen, Klugewitz, K., Knapp, B., Knevels, U., Kochsiek, T., Körfer, A., Köster, A., Kuhn, M., Langekamp, A., Künzig, B., Link, R., Littman, M., Löhr, H., Lutz, T., Knecht, G., Lutz, U., Mainz, D., Mahle, I., Maurer, P., Mayer, C., Meister, V., Möller, H., Heyne, R., Moritzen, D., Mroß, M., Mundlos, M., Naumann, U., Nehls, O., Ningel, K.R., Oelmann, A., Olejnik, H., Gadow, K., Pascher, E., Petersen, J., Philipp, A., Pichler, M., Polzien, F., Raddant, R., Riedel, M., Rietzler, S., Rössle, M., Rufle, W., Rump, A., Schewe, C., Hoffmann, C., Schleehauf, D., Schmidt, W., Schmidt-Heinevetter, G., Schmidtler-von Fabris, J., Schneider, L., Schober, A., Niehaus-Hahn, S., Schwenzer, J., Seegers, B., Seidel, T., Seitel, G., Sick, C., Simon, K., Stähler, D., Stenschke, F., Steffens, H., Stein, K., Steinmüller, M., Sternfeld, T., Svensson, K., Tacke, W., Teuber, G., Teubner, K., Thieringer, J., Tomesch, A., Trappe, U., Ullrich, J., Urban, G., Usadel, S., Von Lucadou, A., Weinberger, F., Werheid-Dobers, M., Werner, P., Winter, T., Zehnter, E., Zipf, A., Dietz, Julia, Müllhaupt, Beat, Buggisch, Peter, Graf, Christiana, Peiffer, Kai-Henrik, Matschenz, Katrin, Schattenberg, Jörn M., Antoni, Christoph, Mauss, Stefan, Niederau, Claus, Discher, Thomas, Trauth, Janina, Dultz, Georg, Schulze zur Wiesch, Julian, Piecha, Felix, Klinker, Hartwig, Müller, Tobias, Berg, Thomas, Neumann-Haefelin, Christoph, Berg, Christoph P., Zeuzem, Stefan, and Sarrazin, Christoph

Published
2023
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33. Tax Rate not the Right Lever for Targeted Relief

Author

Katja Rietzler

Subjects
Economic theory. Demography, HB1-3840, Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform, HN1-995
Abstract

Abstract With the current high inflation, bracket creep is back on the agenda. The federal government has introduced a bill to compensate for this effect, among other things, by shifting income tax brackets. In the debate on bracket creep, the point of reference is very important. Results differ greatly depending on the period and the income concept considered. Moreover, the income tax burden must be seen in the context of the overall fiscal policy. The decision on tax rate adjustments is a political issue.

Published
2022
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42. Municipalities Central to Decade of Future Investments

Author

Katja Rietzler

Subjects
Economic theory. Demography, HB1-3840, Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform, HN1-995
Abstract

Abstract In the coalition agreement, the new federal government holds out the prospect of a “decade of investment for the future”. It thus recognises that considerable additional investment-related government spending is necessary to overcome the investment backlog in Germany and promote the socio-ecological transformation. Based on current studies, a total of 600 to 800 billion euros over ten year seems plausible, with a significant share accruing at the municipal level. The new government addresses important problems of municipal finances including significant regional disparities, but further measures are needed to enable all local communities to invest sufficiently.

Published
2022
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45. Hey, What's Going On?

Author

Meinhardt, Luca-Maxim, primary, Rück, Maximilian, additional, Zähnle, Julian, additional, Elhaidary, Maryam, additional, Colley, Mark, additional, Rietzler, Michael, additional, and Rukzio, Enrico, additional

Published
2024
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50. Changes in Brain Energy and Membrane Metabolism in Glioblastoma following Chemoradiation

Author

Astrid Ellen Grams, Stephanie Mangesius, Ruth Steiger, Ivan Radovic, Andreas Rietzler, Lisa Maria Walchhofer, Malik Galijašević, Julian Mangesius, Martha Nowosielski, Christian Franz Freyschlag, Johannes Kerschbaumer, and Elke Ruth Gizewski

Subjects
phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), cerebral energy metabolism, ATP, glioblastoma, chemoradiation, normal-appearing brain tissue, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Brain parenchyma infiltration with glioblastoma (GB) cannot be entirely visualized by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the energy and membrane metabolism measured with phosphorous MR spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in the presumably “normal-appearing” brain following chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in GB patients in comparison to healthy controls. Twenty (seven female, thirteen male) GB patients underwent a 31P-MRS scan prior to surgery (baseline) and after three months of standard CRT (follow-up examination. The regions of interest “contrast-enhancing (CE) tumor” (if present), “adjacent to the (former) tumor”, “ipsilateral distant” hemisphere, and “contralateral” hemisphere were compared, differentiating between patients with stable (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Metabolite ratios PCr/ATP, Pi/ATP, PCr/Pi, PME/PDE, PME/PCr, and PDE/ATP were investigated. In PD, energy and membrane metabolism in CE tumor areas have a tendency to “normalize” under therapy. In different “normal-appearing” brain areas of GB patients, the energy and membrane metabolism either “normalized” or were “disturbed”, in comparison to baseline or controls. Differences were also detected between patients with SD and PD. 31P-MRS might contribute as an additional imaging biomarker for outcome measurement, which remains to be investigated in a larger cohort.

Published
2021
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