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Full length photograph of (left to right) Red Cloud, Dakota Chief, William Cody, and American Horse, Dakota Chief. Cody is standing, Red Cloud and American Horse are seated and wearing headdresses. Red Cloud hold peace pipe. Photograph taken at Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in Madison Square Garden, New York City.

Upper body portrait of seated man holding rifle. This is a civilian percussion rifle and powder flask with rifle resting on shooting stick; naval/pocket telescope hanging on leather pouch with strap over shoulder. Collar, cuffs and brass materials highlighted with gold paint.

A skull attached to a helmet with a bullet hole lies on the ground. The grip of a rifle is balanced against the exposed teeth of the skull. Two rats, one with the words "Arms Traffic" across its stomach, sit on top of the skull.

Original drawing of a large elephant crouching atop a small chair. It wears a helmet with a U.S. flag on it and aims a rifle at a small mouse with "Libya" written on its stomach.

Original drawing of the GOP Republican elephant sitting and holding a rifle labeled "Vietnam as a campaign issue."

Original drawing of two soldiers sitting in the jungle. One soldier is holding a rifle cartridge in his hand and sitting on a crate labeled, "Contra, Segundo Regimento." The other soldier smiling and lighting a cigarette.

Full-length studio portrait of White Bull. Wearing breeches and breechcloth, with single feather in hair along face. Arm resting on rifle. Painted animal hide with stick at feet., Vintage negative number : 56, 5, 79.

Close-up portrait of group on camping trip. Women and boy seated around man holding rifle. Group includes Dan Beard and his wife, Carroll Kendrick, Mrs. Lizzie Huffman, and Ruth and Bessie Huffman., Vintage negative number : 384.

Full-length studio portrait of man with rifle and his foot placed on pile of furs., Vintage negative number : 402.

The German soldier and military writer Freiherr von Bülow (1755-1816) once said that tactics were "the science of movements which are made in the presence of the enemy, that is, within his view, and within reach of his artillery." This viewpoint, which he espoused in his seminal text Spirit of the System of Modern War (published in German in 1799), was representative of principles that would hold dominion over much of 19th-century-military thought. However, the 1850s was hardly a time of intellectual stagnation in which innovation lacked amongst the military theorists of Europe. Indeed, it was a period of discovery and intense debate, spurred onwards by the potential implications of new weapons designs. The interest in improved arms extended across the Atlantic, too, as American leaders recognized the importance of keeping up with progress on the Old Continent. If one had to denote a single technological advance as the most significant, it would certainly be the rifled musket. More than any other contemporary improvement, this new firearm arguably rendered von Bülow's statement outdated. Boasting impressive range and greater accuracy than its forebears, the rifled musket represented a distinct challenge to traditional combat tactics dating back to the early 1700s. Nowhere was this demonstrated more broadly than in the American Civil War (1861-1865), when the weapon reached a zenith of popularity. The rifled musket was the culmination of six centuries of firearms development and was widely employed on both sides of the Atlantic, a testament to its crucial role in mid-19th-century western warfare. There were numerous models in circulation, but it was the 1861 Springfield rifled musket that proved to be the most influential. Over the course of the Civil War, over 30 companies produced about 1.5 million pieces. However, statistics only provide the reader with part of the story. It is not sufficient to acknowledge the weapon's numerical significance, for that alone does not indicate whether the weapon in any way altered the way war was fought. To properly evaluate the qualities of the rifled musket, it is necessary to maintain a broad perspective. Considering its widespread use in the Civil War, it is easy to focus exclusively on that most bloody of American wars. Still, to do so would deny the scholar background information crucial to understanding the context of this weapons debate. The soldiers who fought in the "War Between the States," armed with this and many other weapons, were not participating in a uniquely American experience. Europe had been ablaze with curiosity over the rifled musket for years prior to the Civil War, and so in this sense the United States was a latecomer to the new technology. By considering both European and American perspectives on the firearm, the reader can develop a much more well rounded understanding of its significance in military circles. Nevertheless, this is only part of the analysis needed to judge its long-term importance. Ultimately, it is essential to evaluate its capabilities on the field of battle. Amongst the 7,000 actions of the Civil War, First Bull Run (1861) and Cold Harbor (1864) offer an ideal contrast for this discussion: the former was the first major field battle of the war, while the latter provided an unfortunate close to Ulysses S. Grant's bloody Overland Campaign in the war's final year. These engagements illustrate the evolution of combat on a scale hitherto unimaginable in the young nation. The soldiers who witnessed this transformation firsthand would be forever changed psychologically, and for this reason one must consider the rifled musket not only from a technological standpoint, but also from a psychological one. In this way, it is possible to place the rifled musket in context as both a major development in firearms design and a deciding factor in the nature of mid-19th-century warfare.

This report reviews the physics of recoil impulse and kinetic energy and the means to alter either the magnitude of these dynamic quantities or the temporal distribution of resulting interaction forces by purposeful or serendipitous mechanical filtering. Emphasis is placed on understanding the problem and the experimental approach needed to put recoil/shoulder interactions on a firm scientific basis., The original document contains color images.

Full length studio portrait of Sitting Bull, Dakota Chief, and William Cody, standing in front of painted backdrop. Sitting Bull wears long headdress, leather jacket and beaded bag over shoulder. William Cody is pointing. Both have a hand on the rifle.

Full length studio photograph of Rain-in-the-Face, Dakota Chief, and David F. Barry, photographer, in front of painted backdrop. Barry, standing, wears suit and hat; Rain-in-the-Face sits on stone wall and wears long beaded necklace, two feathers in hair and holds rifle.

Full length studio portrait of Rain-in-the-Face, Dakota Chief, holding rifle, seated on stone wall in front of painted backdrop.

We have determined this item to be in the public domain according to US copyright law through information in the bibliographic record and/or US copyright renewal records. The digital version is available for all educational uses worldwide. Please contact HathiTrust staff at hathitrust-help@umich.edu with any questions about this item., Rifles., Rifle practice., (LCCN)18018145., (OCoLC)1149003., 150302., Sdr-ia-srlf150302., GV1177 .W55., Http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1sf2pm2r.

Metal badge with a skull and crossbones design. Below the skull is a banner which says, "Or Die." The motto of the the 17th Lancasters was "Die or glory" which explains the skull and crossbones.

The photograph shows soldiers during the final sortie into "No Man's Land."

Photograph depicts a soldier in uniform lying on the ground with rifle at his side. A Red Cross nurse in uniform kneels over him and dresses a wound on his arm. Photograph was most likely for training purposes.

Wood backed picture with image of a statue of colonial militiaman holding rifle with hand on plow, against background of white and red stripes. It reads "Buy defense savings stamps here."

"It is an inspiring reflection that these sturdy, well-groomed soldiers of the 'Mid-West' Division, trained by Major General Leonard Wood and seasoned in victorious battle of General William M. Wright in the St. Mihiel operation and the grueling grind of the Meuse-Argonne, are here awaiting a military ceremony on the very ground where perhaps the legions of Julius Caesar stood for review before their great commander 2,000 years ago. We have here a good opportunity to study at short range some of the fighting equipment of our American soldiers. Their rifles are stacked, held together in the form of a tripod by the steel stacking swivels near the muzzles. The leather slings are drawn tight as they should be for a review. In action they are frequently loose, especially during sniping operations. It is then that those slings are used on the left arm, to steady the aim. Near the second stack of rifles you can see one of their packs with a gas mask strapped on its top. On either side, you can see one of them, are the steel shod shoes that the government designed to make easier the bumps and ruts of field and road. And there is a canteen in its wadded canvas jacket, filled with water that will be needed and appreciated on the hike. The handle of an entrenching shovel peeps from beneath the gas mask, but these men will have little real use for that implement from now on, for they are occupying their territory peacefully; but, if that 'doughboy' nearest to you could talk he would tell you how valuable a shovel is in war."--Taken from back of resource

"Somewhere in the distance the Germans are scanning the plain, trying to determine just where these sturdy Scotsmen are and how many of them there may be, but the scene that greets their eyes is just as monotonous, just as desolate and devoid of life as those tumbled fields of earth that stretch between you and the horizon beyond that row of stark trees, the mute evidence of the place where there once was a road. One would hardly think that there was any system to war while looking at this jumble of men and material. But those things that have been cast aside are useless, those ammunition cases and hand grenade boxes are empty. The plank was in the way in the trench, so they threw it aside. You can see the handles of broken shovels and the tail stock handle of a trench artillery carriage. The trench was one of those built in the late months of the war. The war then was more nearly approaching a war of movement and consequently the trench was made of less elaborate and without the expensive timber work. But look at the men. They are far from useless and unserviceable with their rifles, bayonets fixed, close at hand. Their gas masks at the "alert", steel helmets strapped to their heads waiting. Passing the time with cigarettes and gossip, waiting for the Germans to attack, and then-those rifles will spit flame and steel. Some of these intrepid Scots will fall but others will live, brush the mud and grime from their kilts and calmly await another attack which the Germans are likely to launch."--Taken from back of resource

This pipe is made from a stripper clip with five rifle rounds attached to it. The rounds are soldered together. The one on the far left has been fitted with a pipe stem and on the far right, a round has been hollowed out to hold a cigarette. These rifle rounds are likely 7.62 x 54mm Russian rounds used in a Mosin-Nagant rifle.

This plaque is a silver color with a gold sheen. It features a relief of a doughboy soldier holding a rifle in one hand and his helmet in the other. In both hands he also holds German helmets. He has a bandage wrapped around his head and on his arm. To the right of his shoulder are the words, "AND THEY THOUGHT WE COULDN'T FIGHT." The plaque has two holes at the top of it from which to hang it. The same image is used on a Victory Liberty Loan poster.

The obverse side of this circular wooden plaque is covered in a varnish. At the top of the plaque, the name "J. AUSTIN" is carved into it on a scroll, with the years, 1914 and 1918 on either side of the name. To the right of the scroll are two crossed swords and to the left, two crossed rifles. In the center a space has been carved out, designed to fit the British star medal. The four pointed star medal features two crossed swords, a crown above them and a wreath surrounding them. The cypher of King George V is at the bottom of the wreath. The center of the medal features a scroll with 1914-15 written on it. The reverse of the medal has the recipient's number, rank, name and regiment. The medal is suspended from a blue, white and red ribbon. On the plaque, surrounding the medal, a laurel wreath is carved

This bank is made of cast iron. It depicts a soldier in olive-colored uniform and rifle in his hand. He has a pack on his back. On his left sleeve is a coin slot.

This plate features the branch insignia for the United States Infantry, two crossed rifles, in its middle. To the left of this insignia is the symbol for the 1st Infantry Division surrounded by a gold laurel wreath and to the right, a letter "A," presumably for Company A. Above the muskets is an American shield with an eagle with outstretched wings. Across the top of the plate "AMERICAN.EXPEDITIONARY.FORCES" is written in gold lettering. Across the bottom of the plate written in gold is "FRANCE" and "GERMANY.1DEC," the country's names separated by a spiral design and three gold chevrons, indicative of a sergeant's ranking. On the middle outside edges of the plate the years "1917" and "1918" are written in gold. The lip or outer part of the plate is decorated with a gold leaf design.