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Aims and method We aimed to co-design an intervention optimising the benefits of online arts and culture for mental health in young people for subsequent testing in a trial. Co-design followed the double diamond phases of design, discover, define, develop and deliver. Results Navigating the views of all co-designers to produce a testable resource demanded in-depth understanding, and frequent iterations in multiple modalities of the theoretical basis of the intervention, amplification of youth voice and commitment to a common goal. Clinical implications Co-design with a broad range of collaborators with a shared vision was valued by young co-designers and produced an effective intervention. Co-design allowed the theoretical basis to be followed and refined to create an engaging, practical and testable web experience, aiming to optimise the mental health benefits of online arts and culture for young people in a randomised controlled trial.

Consciousness is thought to be regulated by bidirectional information transfer between the cortex and thalamus, but the nature of this bidirectional communication - and its possible disruption in unconsciousness - remains poorly understood. Here, we present two main findings elucidating mechanisms of corticothalamic information transfer during conscious states. First, we identify a highly preserved spectral channel of cortical-thalamic communication that is present during conscious states, but which is diminished during the loss of consciousness and enhanced during psychedelic states. Specifically, we show that in humans, mice, and rats, information sent from either the cortex or thalamus via δ/θ/α waves (∼1-13 Hz) is consistently encoded by the other brain region by high γ waves (52-104 Hz); moreover, unconsciousness induced by propofol anesthesia or generalized spike-and-wave seizures diminishes this cross-frequency communication, whereas the psychedelic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) enhances this low-to-high frequency interregional communication. Second, we leverage numerical simulations and neural electrophysiology recordings from the thalamus and cortex of human patients, rats, and mice to show that these changes in cross-frequency cortical-thalamic information transfer may be mediated by excursions of low-frequency thalamocortical electrodynamics toward/away from edge-of-chaos criticality, or the phase transition from stability to chaos. Overall, our findings link thalamic-cortical communication to consciousness, and further offer a novel, mathematically well-defined framework to explain the disruption to thalamic-cortical information transfer during unconscious states.

Entrenched compartmentalisation of curriculum subjects and 'teaching to the test' can leave students with limited understanding of the nature and interaction of disciplines. The necessity of developing future teachers' epistemic insight (EI) and equipping them with strategies to address the gaps between subjects has been pushed to the fore by challenges that emerged during the pandemic. This article examines the extent to which epistemic insight is understood by Initial Teacher Education tutors and features in their programmes as well as their recommendations for increasing the inclusion of multidisciplinary approaches in education, based on qualitative and quantitative research. While initial findings revealed a poor understanding of EI, its importance was broadly acknowledged, and the follow-up survey revealed progress in the form of greater engagement with and inclusion of EI by tutors in teacher education. This research was done in the context of a new inspection framework distinguishing substantive and disciplinary knowledge.

Backround/Objectives We investigated a technique that facilitates the coiling of a regular straight catheter (with integral stylet) behind the sciatic nerve in an ultrasound (US) regional anaesthesia simulator, and then applied our findings to a series of orthopedic-trauma patients. Methods We conducted a randomized study of two methods of perineural catheter advancement in a sciatic nerve block Blue Phantom simulator. Two groups of twenty catheters each (method A and method B) were evaluated under real-time ultrasound imaging. The needle in-plane/nerve in-short-axis technique was applied. In method A the catheter was advanced beyond the needle tip with the integral stylet extending along its entire length; in method B the catheter was advanced after its integral stylet was retracted by 6 cm, thus providing flexibility to the catheter’s distal end. Additionally, to assess the procedural effectiveness of method B coiling technique, a pilot study was conducted examining 25 perineural catheters coiled underneath the sciatic nerve in trauma-orthopaedic patients to document any catheter tip displacement from their initial position (for 36 hours postoperatively). Results In the simulation study, method B led to a significantly higher percentage (18/20:90%) of coiled catheters than method A (3/20:15%). Two coiled catheters of method B were found kinked/obstructed. In our patients, after catheter insertion, the distal end of 2/25 (8%) coiled catheters was obstructed. One perineural catheter was dislodged. For the remaining 22 (88%) catheters, ultrasound imaging demonstrated that local anaesthetic infusion made contact with the sciatic nerve, indicating no displacement of the catheter’s distal end postoperatively. Conclusion Regular straight perineural catheters can be coiled if their integral stylet is partially retracted. This coiling method offers extra catheter length adjacent to the nerve structure which potentially mitigates catheter tip displacement. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, registration No: NCT06568510, 23/08/2024, registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06568510?intr=coiling%20of%20echogenic%20sciatic%20nerve&rank=1#study-overview

Organic solar cells offer significant advantages over traditional inorganic solar cells, including their lightweight nature, ease of fabrication, low cost, and low energy investment. Recent advances have shown that oligo and poly(fullerene)s play an important role in both types of devices, either as additives or interlayers, significantly improving stability and charge extraction. There is considerable room for further progress in understanding the properties of these novel materials. Here, we examine OPCBMMB, an oligo(fullerene) based on PCBM, and study its changes in photoconductivity when combined with thiophenes. The OPCBMMB:P3HT and OPCBMMB:P3OT composites are formed from drop casting, with optical and electronic characterizations being performed. UV characterizations confirm a difference in macromolecular conformation of the P3HT and P3OT going from solution to film, as would be expected. More interesting is the great improvement in the films conductivities when studied under direct current when compared to pristine OPCBMMB. Differences arise due to the variations in thiophene alkyl chains. The combination of OPCBMMB:P3HT and OPCBMMB:P3OT also proved to be an effective combination of acceptor-donor, with a visible increase in conductivity when exposed to light. A fact that can be correlated to the UV spectra, which shows the blends have a strong interaction with visible light.

Stunting, or short stature, is a growth disorder usually caused by chronic dietary deficiencies from the prenatal stage to early childhood, typically becoming evident in children after the age of 2. Stunting cases in Yogyakarta Province experienced a decline in 2020. With this development, the government aims to achieve zero stunting in Yogyakarta Province by 2024. To support this goal, a research study was conducted in 2021 to analyze family factors associated with stunting risks in Yogyakarta Province. The study aimed to assist the government in addressing the issue and achieving the target. In this research, a hierarchical clustering algorithm using the Ward technique and a non-hierarchical clustering algorithm using the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) approach were applied. The optimal number of clusters was determined using the average distance and figure of merit approach. Stability validation, which also used the average distance and figure of merit approach, demonstrated that the best results were achieved by the non-hierarchical clustering algorithm employing FCM. As a result, six clusters were identified: cluster 1 with 5 sub-districts, cluster 2 with 18 sub-districts, cluster 3 with 21 sub-districts, cluster 4 with 17 sub-districts, cluster 5 with 14 sub-districts, and cluster 6 with 3 sub-districts.

Backround/Objectives We investigated a technique that facilitates the coiling of a regular straight catheter (with integral stylet) behind the sciatic nerve in an ultrasound (US) regional anaesthesia simulator, and then applied our findings to a series of orthopedic-trauma patients. Methods We conducted a randomized study of two methods of perineural catheter advancement in a sciatic nerve block Blue Phantom simulator. Two groups of twenty catheters each (method A and method B) were evaluated under real-time ultrasound imaging. The needle in-plane/nerve in-short-axis technique was applied. In method A the catheter was advanced beyond the needle tip with the integral stylet extending along its entire length; in method B the catheter was advanced after its integral stylet was retracted by 6 cm, thus providing flexibility to the catheter’s distal end. Additionally, to assess the procedural effectiveness of method B coiling technique, a pilot study was conducted examining 25 perineural catheters coiled underneath the sciatic nerve in trauma-orthopaedic patients to document any catheter tip displacement from their initial position (for 36 hours postoperatively). Results In the simulation study, method B led to a significantly higher percentage (18/20:90%) of coiled catheters than method A (3/20:15%). Two coiled catheters of method B were found kinked/obstructed. In our patients, after catheter insertion, the distal end of 2/25 (8%) coiled catheters was obstructed. One perineural catheter was dislodged. For the remaining 22 (88%) catheters, ultrasound imaging demonstrated that local anaesthetic infusion made contact with the sciatic nerve, indicating no displacement of the catheter’s distal end postoperatively. Conclusion Regular straight perineural catheters can be coiled if their integral stylet is partially retracted. This coiling method offers extra catheter length adjacent to the nerve structure which potentially mitigates catheter tip displacement. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, registration No: NCT06568510, 23/08/2024, registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06568510?intr=coiling%20of%20echogenic%20sciatic%20nerve&rank=1#study-overview

ABSTRACT Importance Postzygotic mutations in the GNAQ/GNA11 genes, which encode the G‐protein nucleotide binding protein alpha subunits, have been identified in patients with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV). However, little is known about the Chinese population. Objective To identify pathogenic mutations in pediatric patients with PPV within the Chinese population. Methods We performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) using skin lesion tissues from pediatric patients diagnosed with PPV. Additionally, ultradeep‐targeted sequencing was conducted to validate the somatic mutations. A genotype‐phenotype correlation was analyzed by integrating data from previous reports with the findings of the present study. Results Thirteen patients were enrolled, all diagnosed with the cesioflammea type of PPV, except for one patient with an unclassifiable type. We identified somatic GNA11 c.547C>T (p.R183C) variant in seven patients and GNAQ c.548G>A (p.R183Q) in four patients, with low allelic fractions ranging from 2.1% to 8.6% through ultradeep sequencing. Besides, a GNAQ c.548G>A (p.R183Q) variant was detected through targeted sequencing in one of two patients who did not exhibit detectable variants via WES. The genotype‐phenotype correlation analysis, involving 15 patients with a GNA11 variant and 10 with a GNAQ variant, revealed that facial capillary malformation (87% vs. 50%, P = 0.075) and ocular melanocytosis (80% vs. 40%, P = 0.087) appeared to be more frequent in patients with GNA11 mutation compared to those with GNAQ mutations. All four patients diagnosed with cesiomarmorata type or overlapping cesioflammea and cesiomarmorata type PPV carried the GNA11 variant. Interpretation Our study demonstrated that the majority of PPV patients in the Chinese population carried a postzygotic variant of GNAQ/GNA11, thus further confirming the pathogenic role of GNAQ/GNA11 mosaicism in the development of PPV cesioflammea type.

This research aims at developing an Ethnoliteracy-based guided discovery learning model in writing imaginary stories at elementary schools. It used the research and development (R&D) method with 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) model. Teachers and students in 5th-grade elementary schools served as the subjects of this research. The instruments that this research used included observation, interviews, and documentation with the developed steps of guided discovery learning model consisting of stimulus, problem identification, data collection, data processing, publication, and reflection. The data in this research were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The research found that based on expert assessment, the feasibility of this learning model was scored 87.5% by the linguist and 93.3% by the culture expert. Based on the development trial result, the prepared learning planning was classified as highly practical at 86.7% and practical at 13.3%. In practice, students managed to write an imaginary story and scored an average of 80.28. This means that the Ethnoliteracy-based guided discovery learning model in writing imaginary stories was feasible for use in elementary school students.

Although the intricate network of interactions between vulnerability, resilience, and precipitating factors in a first episode of major depression (FEMD) has been investigated from many psychological, social, and neurobiological perspectives, a definitive model that encompasses all these elements is still far from being validated. Integrated into this exploratory approach, the current pilot project examines the influence of social support, life events, and family history of major depression disorder (MDD) on FEMD, providing insights for larger-scale research. The study included 40 participants, 20 with FEMD and 20 age- and gender-matched controls, and examined characteristics of MDD, perceived social support, family history, and stressful life events. The results showed that a higher rate of negative life events increased depression risk, but better social support decreased this risk. The family history of MDD did not predict depression onset, nor did life event exposure affect treatment response, but these results may be related to the small study sample. In conclusion, social support protects against significant depression and unpleasant life experiences, according to this pilot study. Future research should use larger, diverse samples and longitudinal designs to better understand depression’s etiology and improve prevention and therapy.

Doping is an important and routine method to tune the properties of semiconductors. Dopants accumulated at grain boundaries (GBs) can exert a profound influence on microstructures and transport properties of heat and charge. To unravel the effect of dopant accumulation at GBs on the scattering of electrons, individual high‐angle GBs in three PbSe samples doped with different amounts of Cu using a home‐designed correlative characterization platform combining electron backscatter diffraction, microcircuit transport property measurements, and atom probe tomography are studied. The findings reveal that the segregation of Cu dopants to GBs reduces the GB potential barrier height. Once the GB phase reaches an equilibrium with saturated Cu, the extra Cu dopants distribute homogeneously inside the grains, compensating for vacancies and improving the electrical conductivity of the PbSe grains. The results correlate the Cu distribution at GBs and grains with local electrical properties, enlightening strategies for manipulating advanced functional materials by GB segregation engineering.

Purpose: Multiple myeloma (MM) tends to develop resistance to systemic therapy through multiple mechanisms that might as well induce radioresistance, as suggested by preclinical studies. The aim of the present analysis was to elucidate whether the number of systemic treatment lines received prior to radiation therapy (RT) might confer radioresistance and influence local response. Methods and Materials: This single-center retrospective study enrolled patients who received RT for MM at our institution between January 1, 2005, and January 31, 2023. Information regarding RT, systemic therapy, and characteristics of the patients and disease were retrieved from medical records. The primary outcome for this analysis was radiologic local response at 6 months after RT, according to RECIST 1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) or PERCIST 1.0 (Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria. The secondary outcome was toxicity reported during the RT course. Results: Data from 665 MM lesions from 366 patients were analyzed. Data regarding local response at 6 months were available for 217 lesions, reporting 29 complete responses (13.4%), 141 partial responses (65%), 42 stable diseases (19.4%), and only 5 disease progressions (2.3%). The number of previous systemic treatment lines had no impact on radiologic response at 6 months (p = .721). RT BED10 (Biologically Effective Dose) had a significant impact on response at 6 months (p = .007). The toxicity profile was optimal, as grade > 2 events during RT were reported only in 0.9% of cases. Conclusions: In this large retrospective cohort of MM patients, the number of systemic treatment lines administered before RT had no impact on the local response, confuting concerns of cross-resistance raised by multiple preclinical studies. Disease control after RT was optimal, and instances of severe toxicities during treatment were rare.

Backround/Objectives We investigated a technique that facilitates the coiling of a regular straight catheter (with integral stylet) behind the sciatic nerve in an ultrasound (US) regional anaesthesia simulator, and then applied our findings to a series of orthopedic-trauma patients. Methods We conducted a randomized study of two methods of perineural catheter advancement in a sciatic nerve block Blue Phantom simulator. Two groups of twenty catheters each (method A and method B) were evaluated under real-time ultrasound imaging. The needle in-plane/nerve in-short-axis technique was applied. In method A the catheter was advanced beyond the needle tip with the integral stylet extending along its entire length; in method B the catheter was advanced after its integral stylet was retracted by 6 cm, thus providing flexibility to the catheter’s distal end. Additionally, to assess the procedural effectiveness of method B coiling technique, a pilot study was conducted examining 25 perineural catheters coiled underneath the sciatic nerve in trauma-orthopaedic patients to document any displacement of catheters’ tip from their initial position (for 36 hours postoperatively). Results In the simulation study, method B led to a significantly higher percentage (18/20:90%) of coiled catheters than method A (3/20:15%). Two coiled catheters of method B were found kinked/obstructed. In our patients, after catheter insertion, the distal end of 2/25 (8%) coiled catheters was obstructed. One perineural catheter was dislodged. For the remaining 22 (88%) catheters, ultrasound imaging demonstrated that local anaesthetic infusion made contact with the sciatic nerve, indicating no displacement of the catheter’s distal end postoperatively. Conclusion Regular straight perineural catheters can be easily coiled if their integral stylet is partially retracted. This coiling method offers extra catheter length adjacent to the nerve structure which potentially mitigates catheter tip displacement. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, registration No: NCT06568510, 23/08/2024, registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06568510?intr=coiling%20of%20echogenic%20sciatic%20nerve&rank=1#study-overview

We describe a new phenomenon—partial object doubling—in which the perceived contours of peripherally viewed moving targets become distorted and duplicated. The effect appears to arise due to interactions between physically drawn contours and the strong negative afterimages that are dynamically released during stable viewing of the displays. An online demo is provided where the effect can be experienced and relevant parameters manipulated.

Over the past two decades, Montessori education in the United States has rapidly expanded from the private to the public sector. This expansion has created important questions about whether or not the Montessori approach can thrive alongside the education standards and accountability movement in the public sector. Questions also exist as to precisely who is benefiting from this expansion of and investment in public Montessori. To examine these topics, this study focused on South Carolina, the state with the highest number of public programs in the United States. We used implementation surveys, classroom observations, and teacher interview data collected by the research team and student record data collected by the state of South Carolina to conduct the analysis, which consisted of three parts. First, we investigated to what extent public programs in South Carolina are able to implement Montessori education with fidelity to the model. Second, we considered what program characteristics were related to higher levels of Montessori implementation fidelity. Third, we analyzed which children had access to higher-fidelity Montessori programs. Generally, findings indicated that, despite challenges created by the education standards and accountability movement and concerns expressed by educators about authenticity, most programs in South Carolina were implementing Montessori with fidelity. Several characteristics were associated with higher levels of fidelity, including the age of the program. Findings also indicated that Black, Hispanic, and students from low-income families were disproportionately participating in lower fidelity programs. Our study provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities associated with government trying to implement successful private-sector education models in the public sector.