Search

Physical activity improves the well-being of persons living with dementia but few exercise programs include them. The Dementia-Inclusive Choices for Exercise (DICE) toolkit aims to improve exercise providers' understanding of dementia and ability to support persons living with dementia in physical activity. We evaluated the co-designed DICE toolkit with exercise providers using a mixed-methods approach comprising pre/post questionnaires and interviews and reflection diaries. Among 16 participants, self-efficacy for exercise delivery to persons living with dementia and both knowledge and attitudes toward dementia significantly improved. Thematic analysis suggested participants (a) had a deeper understanding of the variability of dementia, (b) were planning for equitable access for persons living with dementia, (c) planned to promote social connection through exercise, and (d) were optimistic for future engagement with persons living with dementia. The DICE toolkit may improve exercise providers' knowledge and confidence to plan proactively to support persons living with dementia in programs and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provisions of Articles 1 and 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine define the priority duty of the state to ensure and realize the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, and therefore one of the most important aspects of the formation of a legal social state is the creation of effective national mechanisms for regulatory and legal protection of the right to health care of individuals, who are serving prison sentences, as well as effective law enforcement (implementation of legal norms) in the field of penitentiary medicine. The article is devoted to one of the actual practice-oriented problems of modern criminal-executive law of Ukraine - the analysis of the state of implementation of European standards regarding the provision of medical care to persons sentenced to imprisonment. The authors dwell on some problems of the right to a proper and sufficient level of medical and sanitary support for convicts serving a prison sentence. In particular, attention is drawn to the state of legality and discovered by the prosecutor's office violations of the constitutional rights of those sentenced to imprisonment for health care and proper medical care, which lead to a threat to the health and life of the patients themselves and to the threat of infection with infectious diseases of other convicts serving their sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty in one correctional institution of the State Criminal-Executive Service of Ukraine, which are equated according to Article 3 of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms to tort ure and inhuman treatment. On the other hand, a number of problems remain unsolved in the field of health care of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment, who are serving their sentences in correctional colonies and pretrial detention centers of the State Criminal-Executive Service of Ukraine. An indisputable positive achievement of domestic penitentiary medicine is the tendency to bring national mechanisms of legal regulation of criminal-executive relations in the field of health care of prisoners to accordance with European standards and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to highlighting the importance of medical care for the population as a factor in the reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. In accordance with this goal, the essence and peculiarities of health care organization in the de-occupied territory are revealed, and the role of medical care in intensifying the reintegration mechanism is determined. The author emphasizes that the implementation of the state policy on reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories should provide for an appropriate mechanism that would combine various measures aimed at restoring state power in the respective territories, as well as at integrating the local population into the political, cultural, economic and social life of the country. The author emphasizes that by allowing temporary restrictions on the right to healthcare in general and medical care in particular, the State, represented by authorized entities, should provide an effective mechanism for restoring this right after the special legal regime is lifted, or provide appropriate guarantees for the exercise of this right during such a special period. The author identifies the circumstances that indicate the importance of medical care for the population as a factor in the reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories: a) ensuring access to medical care as a key priority; b) involvement of qualified medical personnel from among internally displaced persons, volunteers, representatives of international health organizations and foreign medical specialists; c) implementation of regional medical programs and activities; d) cooperation with international donor organizations to provide humanitarian assistance, prosthetics, rehabilitation, etc.; e) health education campaign to inform the population in a timely manner about medical guarantee programs, reimbursement of medicines, rehabilitation programs, etc. It is stated that taking into account these circumstances will not only promote understanding of the importance of medical care, but will also allow improving the reintegration mechanism and accelerating its implementation to improve the quality of life of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical care is one of the basic categories of medical law. The legislation interprets it as the activity of professionally trained medical workers, aimed at prevention, diagnosis and treatment in connection with diseases, injuries, poisoning and pathological conditions, as well as in connection with pregnancy and childbirth. It is aimed at ensuring the implementation of the constitutional human right to health care. However, health care in critical situations can be provided by providing other types of care: premedical and emergency. Interest in the latter especially increased during the war, when urgent human conditions began to occur much more often, and the number of people capable of providing medical assistance decreased. In practice, there are ambiguous interpretations of the category «pre-medical care» and concepts related to it, and therefore the legal regulation of the provision of pre-medical care needs improvement. The term «emergency care» is not used by legislation, but its content is analyzed in the article to characterize a set of actions aimed at overcoming emergency conditions, which are provided by people who do not have the education necessary to provide medical and paramedical care. Three criteria are proposed for comparing medical, pre-medical and emergency care: 1) the grounds (conditions for providing care), 2) the amount of care provided, and 3) entities authorized to provide medical, premedical and emergency care. Thanks to these criteria, common features in these types of pre-medical care, as well as differences between them, have been established. A complex of shortcomings in the legal regulation of providing pre-medical care was identified, the main of which are related to the problem of establishing the circle of persons who have the right and obligation to provide pre-medical care. The issue of the legality of carrying out medical manipulations on victims who are in an emergency condition by persons who have the right to provide only emer gency aid is raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the problematic issues of defining the concept of the mechanism of realization of the right to health care and medical assistance, as well as the components of the specified mechanism and the systemic connections between them. The author’s definition of the mechanism of the realization of the right to health care, medical assistance and medical insurance is proposed, which should be considered as a complex process, a system of interconnected components that create conditions for the legitimate exercise of the right of an individual, which includes a set of relevant legal norms regulating social relations that arise in connection with the exercise of the specified right and provide for the forms, grounds, conditions and procedures for its exercise; legal and enforcement acts; the activity of the person himself as the bearer of the subjective right in the exercise of his rights and duties; direct activity of the relevant authorities for the application of this right; legal relations through which subjects implement the researched law. It was concluded that the structure of the constitutional-legal mechanism for the realization of the right to health care and medical assistance is represented by a set of the following components: constitutional norms that establish the specified right; legal acts (normative-legal acts, which are the external form of expression and consolidation of these norms, and interpretative-legal acts, which contain an explanation of the content of legal norms; acts of application of legal norms (individual-legal); guarantees of the exercise of this right; the activity of a person from his use, which allows to distinguish the normativelegal and institutional-legal component of the mechanism. The regulatory and legal component of the implementation mechanism includes legal norms that determine the conditions, forms and procedures for the implementation of this right, the content of the right itself; economic, legal, organizational, institutional and other means and conditions for realization of the researched right, as well as guarantees of realization and protection of the right to health care, medical assistance and medical insurance. The institutional and legal component is represented by the system of authorized bodies, institutions and establishments that manage, organize activities, provide medical assistance or services. The special content of the right to health care and medical assistance allows us to distinguish the features of the mechanism of implementation of this right: a) it is carried out by bodies that provide medical assistance or contribute to the provision of medical assistance (support units); b) has a limited scope, because it is used exclusively during the implementation of the above-mentioned right; c) one of the subjects of legal relations is always the person who receives medical assistance, and the other is public health care institutions that directly provide health care(enterprises, institutions, organizations of various forms of ownership, including those created by private individuals, provided they have the necessary material and technical base and qualified specialists); d) realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens takes place in three forms - compliance, implementation and application of legal norms; e) realization of the researched right is carried out according to a certain procedure, which is established by national legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article notes that the law guarantees everyone the right to health care and medical assistance. A full-scale invasion calls for the development and updating of legal acts on ensuring a person’s right to medical assistance, in particular, to the provision of rehabilitation services. It is noted that rehabilitation assistance is aimed at a number of main areas, firstly, at supporting the functions of the patient’s body during the exacerbation of chronic diseases. Secondly, for warning, early diagnosis of disorders of the organs and systems of the patient’s body. The third direction is aimed at full or partial restoration of damaged organs or systems and compensation of lost functions of affected organs or systems. The four direction is related to the prevention and reduction of the degree of disability. The author emphasizes that the lack of competent and effective medical rehabilitation in Ukraine is a multifactorial problem: there is an insufficient number of inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation departments; lack of medical personnel - rehabilitation specialists, psychologists; there is not enough rehabilitation equipment; there is a need for adequate educational programs for physicians. In the article, the author emphasizes that one of the tasks of the state is to help persons with disabilities realize their constitutional rights; implementation of state policy in the field of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, support for their integration into society, and the full-scale war on the territory of Ukraine causes an increasing urgency and need for the rehabilitation of persons injured as a result of hostilities. Such factors of the population’s health, such as the increase in morbidity, injuries, temporary loss of working capacity, premature mortality of the population require the development of the rehabilitation medicine market of Ukraine and its legal regulation. The article notes that the positive aspects are the development of new medical rehabilitation technologies, including those based on telemedicine and IT technologies, the preparation of new professional standards for medical rehabilitation at the modern level in accordance with international recommendations. All this requires the effective functioning of the system, which first of all requires the improvement and development of regulatory and legal support in the field of rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of the content of a person’s right to an environment safe for life and health. Scientific approaches to determining its content are analyzed. The presence of at least three approaches has been established: in the narrow sense,-as an environmental right of a person; as the right of a person to a safe environment, which includes the right to safe food and household products, to proper, safe and healthy conditions of work, living, education, etc. and in a broad sense, as the right to a safe environment for human existence. It is justified that the right to an environment that is safe for life and health should be understood in a broad sense, which is close to the right of an individual to safety, which has not yet acquired normative consolidation, however, is widely discussed in scientific schools. It has been proven that the right to an environment safe for life and health includes the right of a person to information about the state of the environment, the quality of food products, in particular, its collection, storage and distribution. The latter is a specification of the right to information, enshrined in Art. 34 of the Constitution of Ukraine. This allows us to draw a conclusion about the complex nature of this right. This approach is due to the desire of the legislator to move away from the outdated approach of limiting the right to a safe environment either exclusively to the ecological sphere, or only to the right to information about the state of the environment. It was concluded that safety in a broad sense is a state of risk control, a consequence of activities and measures aimed at its achievement. It is argued that the legal nature of the content of the rights of the right holder has a passive nature and is reduced to the right of a person to be in the specified controlled (free) state of the environment. Accordingly, these powers are opposed to a double obligation: not to violate the existing state of security, and the state and its bodies have an additional obligation to take actions within their competence aimed at creating and ensuring such conditions (the obligation to minimize and control risks and eliminate danger). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Congenital transmission is one of the most significant forms of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission worldwide. Migrant women, in particular, often face barriers to accessing the healthcare system; one such barrier being that their health rights are not recognised. The situation in Chile is a reality that can be extrapolated to historical territories affected by Chagas disease and that is characterized by migrant populations. This article explores the healthcare experiences of pregnant and women living with Chagas disease, both nationals and migrants, and residents of three regions of Chile. Methodology: The qualitative research study analyzed the experiences and meanings around the problem of Chagas based on 54 in-depth interviews with women in pregnancy and women who were diagnosed with the disease. The information was processed following the Grounded Theory tenets through the constant encoding feedback procedure, which allowed us to describe and comprehensively understand the phenomenon. Results: The findings indicate that managing information is a sensitive aspect in evaluating healthcare experiences, with the potential to either positively or negatively impact the acceptance of diagnosis and treatment planning. The negative impact is determined by the communicative dimension and how healthcare teams deliver information. Poor attention, poor treatment, and lack of empathy lead patients to reject or distance themseves from the healthcare system. The positive aspects are related to a sensitive, personalized, and highly empathetic treatment. In historically endemic areas, these factors are essential for ensuring continuity in healthcare processes. There is an evident need to understand and value the settings, means, and contents within Chagas´s healthcare contexts. Conclusion: Communication is crucial during diagnostic processes as it determines the assessment, credibility, and trust in the health system, thereby influencing the continuity of treatment, especially in highly sensitive moments such as pregnancy. Therefore, it is necessary to articulate strategies considering information magement with greater empathy and emotional support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain language summaryOur article raises concerns about the basis on which a recent report on “prostitution and violence” by a UN human rights expert, rests its arguments. We wrote as researchers and advocates working around the world. We think that evidence is strong that criminal law making both the buying and selling of sex a crime hurts the very people who are most at risk. Our own work has also led us to engage with how inter-connected ideas about gender, race, age and sexuality matter to support rights for everyone. We also argue that “trafficking” is not the same as “sex work”. While we claim these ideas as a feminist approach, we know that there are researchers and advocates, including the author of the UN report, the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, who disagree with us.Because there is no agreement in international human rights law about what laws best protect the rights of people who sell sex, clear information by experts in the UN, where states debate law, are important. While there are often disagreements within the world of contested rights, we argue that independent experts’ reports should contribute to new law with accuracy and transparency. We say in our article that the SRVAW misuses evidence by inaccurately reflecting other UN experts’ work, especially on state responsibility for rights; not precisely presents facts; and ignores dissenting voices, such as sex workers of all genders and identities. We raise these concerns carefully in our article because we want to build the case for good practices to support the future of human rights, as human rights as a space of dignity and freedom are under attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed Methods Results Conclusions So What? This study examines Australia's Hepatitis B public health policies with a focus on the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme seasonal workers as a priority population. The aim is to evaluate if Australia's Hepatitis B public health policies adequately address health disparities and equitable access to health care for seasonal workers as a priority population. We draw comparisons with the public health policies of New Zealand and Canada, to understand how these nations approach similar health concerns among their temporary seasonal workers.A health policy analysis was conducted on the public health Hepatitis B policies in Australia and then compared with those in Canada and New Zealand. Due to the nature of the study question, the review had a major focus on grey literature. The search was undertaken in two stages, including (1) Google search engine and (2) targeted websites. Basic document data was produced in descriptive summaries. Any data either explicitly or inexplicitly relating to the elimination of hepatitis B or equity towards the inclusion of seasonal workers was produced as analytical summaries through multiple revisions.Nineteen documents were identified, predominantly from Australia. Although Hepatitis B public health policies emphasised testing and awareness in priority populations, specifically mentioning seasonal workers as a priority population was absent in all three countries.The study underscores the exclusion of temporary seasonal workers in public health policies and strategies as a human rights issue, conflicting with principles of equity and equitable access to health care. Despite acknowledging challenges for temporary visa holders, policies lack specific provisions for seasonal workers. Addressing this gap is crucial for health equity and inclusive health systems.Our findings highlight the need to prioritise equity for temporary seasonal workers to achieve hepatitis B elimination goals by 2030. Exclusion from public health policies is a human rights concern, impacting access to quality health care. This study advocates for inclusive policies explicitly recognising temporary seasonal workers as a priority population, aligning with international human rights commitments to health care for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the provisions of the Basic Law of our state, life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security of a person are the highest social value. In order to ensure the guaranteed right to health care, the state, in the form of authorized bodies, takes the necessary organizational and legal measures and methods aimed at preserving human health. The human right to health covers a wide range of health-related phenomena and practices. Standardization, licensing and accreditation as means of ensuring the human right to health care directly belong to this spectrum of social relations. Taking into account the fact that the health care of citizens is based on a number of principles enshrined in the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, the article emphasizes that standardization, licensing and accreditation, which are the guarantee of life and health care, occupy a specific weight in health care citizens. Through the prism of legislative regulation and the analysis of subordinate regulatory legal acts, the author of the article examines the impact of regulatory legal acts on the regulation of relations in the field of standardization, licensing, and accreditation. The author focuses on the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Medicinal Products and Drug Control, as well as other public administration entities that play a leading role in licensing, standardization and accreditation of business entities, as well as other participants in relations in the field of health care. In general, the article draws attention to the important role of public law entities in regulating relations in the field of standardization, licensing, and accreditation, as well as draws attention to the legal mechanism of compulsory licensing. It is concluded that the modern system of public administration in the researched sphere of public relations is carried out primarily by authorized state bodies. It is emphasized that the subject of further research should be the issue of determining the system of public and private law entities involved in the process of regulating relations in the sphere of health care of Ukraine, the disclosure of the legal mechanism of compulsory licensing in order to ensure the health of the population, the defense of the state, environmental safety and other public interests, as well as the activities of public entities during the martial law regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Conclusion To quantify and qualify the experience of workplace violence (WPV) in a global sample of providers in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN).We performed a mixed‐methods analysis on data from a global survey. Survey content was designed around categorical and open‐ended questions in relation to WPV; the occurrence and character, the physical and psychological consequences, training and support structures, and perceived triggers of the experience of WPV. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and text data using mixed deductive‐inductive content analysis. These data were integrated using convergent joint display.Between October 2023 and January 2024, survey responses were collected from 77 individual countries. Among the final sample, 764/1016 (75.2%) had experienced WPV, 699/1016 (68.8%) verbal, and 123/1016 (12.1%) physical violence. The violence affected physical health, psychological health, or job satisfaction for 106/764 (13.9%), 36/7642 (47.4%), and 222/764 (29.1%) of individuals respectively; 216/764 (28.3%) received support. Main WPV triggers were staff shortages, lack of security personnel, and long waiting times, identified by 38.8%, 37.5%, and 37.3% of respondents respectively. Qualitative data indicated that violence caused severe and long‐lasting suffering. Catalysts for WPV were often reported as complex interplays between unmet or unrealistic expectations and insufficient resources. Lack of support for WPV was explained as violence being “part of the job” and a culture of assumed resilience among providers.WPV against OBGYN providers seems to be ubiquitous, arises from a complex interplay of factors, and causes significant injury while receiving insufficient mitigation and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, progressive social movements have been engaged in an incredibly intense period of contestation. Confronted with the unprecedented extent of the crisis, the current wave of mobilization brought together both older and newer actors, bridging generations and movement sectors, building on past experiences of previous mobilizations while also innovating in important ways. The Covid-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to contextualize the role of past mobilizations in contemporary struggles, singling out continuities and innovation in the forms of resistance, collective frames, and organizational models. This paper focuses on the framing of health rights and analyzes the emergence of care as a bridging frame in the movement campaigns developed during the Covid-19 crisis. In examining the processes of cross-temporal diffusion, it considers the legacy of the Global Justice Movement and its offspring in the current mobilization in Italy. Through the analysis of key documents produced by social movements triangulated with in-depth interviews with activists, we observe the ways in which some collective frames migrate from past mobilizations to new ones, and are adapted through the reactivation of old organizational networks and the emergence of new organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender-affirming care and legal gender recognition (LGR) have been relatively well developed in Russia since Soviet times. During the past decade, in line with the general authoritarian and conservative turn, transgender (trans) rights have increasingly come under attack. In 2023, anti-trans forces succeeded in bringing about the adoption of a law that prohibited gender-affirming care and LGR, preventing marriage and adoption of children for trans people. This article uses the Authoritarian Gender Equality Policy Making framework to understand the structural opportunities, actors, framings, and the autocrat's signaling that led to this result. The policy reversal resulted from increased visibility of trans issues in Russia and worldwide coupled with their reframing from a medical problem to a geopolitical threat in the context of a military and cultural confrontation with the West following Russia's "special military operation" against Ukraine in February 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the case of Peru, our analysis looks at the ways in which the mainstream media creates support for government policies aimed at implementing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector. Peru has a highly fragmented and segmented healthcare system, and the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the deeply embedded inequalities in accessing healthcare across the country. Nevertheless, the construction of hospitals financed and managed via a PPP arrangement has been one of the major solutions proposed and implemented by successive Peruvian governments in response to the health sector's challenges. As our analysis demonstrates, the media has played a significant role in promoting this 'common sense' agenda whereby greater reliance on the private sector is presented as a solution to the weaknesses of the public sector. Our article considers the wider evidence on the role of PPPs in the health sector and contends that there is very little evidence on the system-wide benefits of PPPs, thus raising significant concerns about their ability to address health inequalities effectively. It also raises important questions about how far PPPs are able to support states in guaranteeing the right to health for their citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Discriminatory practices in mental health care undermine the right to health of marginalized service users. Intersectional approaches enable consideration of multiple forms of discrimination that occur simultaneously and remain invisible in single-axis analyses. The authors reviewed intersectionality-informed qualitative literature on discriminatory practices in mental health care to better understand the experiences of marginalized service users and their evaluation and navigation of mental health care. Methods: The authors searched EBSCO, PubMed, MEDLINE, and JSTOR for studies published January 1, 1989–December 14, 2022. Qualitative and mixed-methods studies were eligible if they used an intersectional approach to examine discrimination (experiences, mechanisms, and coping strategies) in mental health care settings from the perspective of service users and providers. A qualitative evidence synthesis with thematic analysis was performed. Results: Fifteen studies were included in the qualitative evidence synthesis. These studies represented the experiences of 383 service users and 114 providers. Most studies considered the intersections of mental illness with race, sexual and gender diversity, or both and were performed in the United States or Canada. Four themes were identified: the relevance of social identity in mental health care settings, knowledge-related concerns in mental health care, microaggressions in clinical practice, and service users' responses to discriminatory practices. Conclusions: Discriminatory practices in mental health care lead to specific barriers to care for multiply marginalized service users. Universities and hospitals may improve care by building competencies in recognizing and preventing discrimination through institutionalized training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Approximately 1.3 billion people worldwide live with a disability, underlining the need for equitable health care for this group is important. Inclusive health systems are consistent with global health priorities, respond to United Nations sustainable development goals and economically viable. Despite advancements in Morocco's health system and legal framework, significant disparities remains inaccessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services for women with disabilities. This study explores barriers and facilitators affecting access to SRH services for these women, aiming to provide recommendations for more inclusive services and improved health outcomes. Methods: Using a mixed approach, this study assessSRH access for women with motor disabilities in two cities in Morocco, selected for their socio-demographic, cultural and and healthcare diversity. Quantitative data will be generated through questionnaires administrered to 400 participants, while qualitative information will come from 20 to 30 interviews. Recruitment involves working with health professionals, NGOs and social media campaigns to ensure a diverse sample. Data analysis includes NVivo for qualitative data and descriptive/inferential statistics for quantitative data. Conclusion: The study aims to explore the perspectives of women with disabilities and health professionals regarding SRH services. It will provide recommendations for making SRH services more equitable and inclusive, ultimately improving health out comes and uphold health rights for women with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Informal abortions, commonly known as unsafe abortions, refer to all induced abortions that occur outside of formal healthcare settings conducted without the assistance of a licensed, trained healthcare provider. Despite the legalization of safe induced abortion care services, informal abortions continue to be among the major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity among young women in Rwanda living in rural areas with limited or no access to safe abortion care services. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experience of seeking informal abortions from the perspective of young women in rural Rwanda and to identify the underlying factors for these women seeking abortion care services outside of the formal healthcare setting. Methods: This qualitative study was guided by a descriptive phenomenology in rural Rwanda, specifically in a selected district located in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Ten young women between 18 and 24 years of age, who had the experience of seeking informal abortion services from informal providers within the last eight years participated in audio-recorded, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. Collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) seven steps of the phenomenological method. Results: The study found that young Rwandan women still seek unregulated abortions to end their unintended pregnancies due to limited access to or utilization of sexual reproductive health and rights services. Among the reasons for seeking abortion care services outside of the formal healthcare setting in Rwanda were sociocultural and economic factors and the stigma associated with terminating unintended pregnancies before marriage. Conclusion: In light of the findings of this study, the authors recommend the Ministry of Health and its stakeholders to expand access to comprehensive adolescent and youth-friendly reproductive health and reproductive rights while addressing the sociocultural stigma through public awareness and economic factors that play a big role in unregulated abortions rather than safe abortion care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Out-of-school comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) programmes are viewed by UNFPA as important in empowering youth. These programmes may, however, be critiqued for, firstly, inadvertently equating empowerment with individual agency to the exclusion of social justice; and, secondly, using the word empowerment as a self-evident signifier. We propose that empowerment be conceptualised within a critical sexual and reproductive citizenship (CSRC) framework that draws on feminist and queer re-workings of the principles of citizenship. To operationalise this conceptualisation, we developed the Masizixhobise toolkit from the five key issues outlined in the CSRC framework. The aim of the toolkit is to aid in the design and refinement of theoretically embedded empowerment CSE programmes. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of the toolkit. To do so, we analyse the Partners in Sexual Health’s (PSH) Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights facilitator’s manual. A template analysis was conducted on this manual using a priori of themes from the toolkit. We sift through the PSH manual’s alignments or misalignments with the CSRC framework and make recommendations for enhancing the empowerment components of the manual. This example may assist others in designing and refining theoretically embedded and socially just youth empowerment CSE programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The phenomenon of high-cost users (HCUs) in health care occurs when a small proportion of patients account for a large proportion of health care expenditures. By understanding this phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic, tailored interventions can be provided to ensure that patients receive the care they need and reduce the burden on the health system. Objectives: This study aimed to determine (1) whether the HCUs phenomenon occurred during the pandemic in Thailand by exploring the pattern of inpatient health expenditures over time from 2016 to 2021; (2) the patient characteristics of HCUs; (3) the top 5 primary diagnoses of HCUs; and (4) the potential predictors associated with being an HCU. Methods: The secondary data analysis was conducted via inpatient department (IPD) e-Claim data from the National Health Security Office for the Universal Coverage Scheme, which provides health care to ~ 80% of the Thai population. Health care expenditure over time was calculated, and the characteristics of the population were examined via descriptive analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to explore the potential predictors associated with being an HCU. Results: The characteristics of HCUs remained relatively the same from 2016 to 2021. In terms of the proportion of male (55%) to female patients (45%), the age ranged from 55 to 57 years, with an estimated 8-day length of hospital stay and 7 admissions per year, and the average health care cost per patient was ≥ USD 2,860 (100,000 THB). The low-cost users (LCUs) group (the bottom 50% of the population), had more female patients (55%), a younger age ranging from 27 to 33 years, a 3-day length of stay, 1‒2 admissions per year, and a lower average health care cost per patient, which was less than USD 315 (≤ 11,000 THB). Conclusion: The HCUs phenomenon still existed even with limited health care accessibility or lockdown measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding could indicate the uniqueness of the need for health services by HCUs, which differ from those of other population groups. By understanding the trends of health care utilization and expenditure, along with potential predictors associated with being an HCU, policies can be introduced to ensure the appropriate allocation of health resources to the right people in need of the right care during future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objective Methods Findings Conclusions The model of obstetric care predominant in Mexico in most public and private healthcare institutions is particularly focused on a physiological perspective of the female body that does not respond to women's need for emotional comfort and satisfaction. In the last decade, however, various initiatives that provide obstetric care centered on women's rights have emerged.To analyze the implementation of a model of humanized/respectful delivery care supervised by nursing and midwifery undergraduate interns in a birthing center in the state of Chiapas, in order to identify achievements and future challenges.We used information from secondary sources and carried out a descriptive analysis.Births attended at the birthing center increased in relation to all the births registered in the Angel Albino Corzo municipality between 2017 and 2022. Positive indicators of respectful care increased with the implemented model, while negative indicators decreased. Between 2016 and 2022, obstetric nurses attended more than 1500 births without maternal deaths and managed some emergency cases referred to specialized care.This case illustrates the potential of alternative models of obstetric care. Evidence‐based, midwife‐ and nurse‐led models of clinical obstetric care should be expanded in the Mexican healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even though human rights advocacy is a part of mental health care, psychiatric nurses in South Africa's primary healthcare (PHC) setting face substantial challenges when advocating for the rights of mental health care users (MHCUs). The study aimed to develop a conceptual framework to facilitate psychiatric nurses' advocacy for mental healthcare users' human rights in a PHC setting. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design was used to investigate the psychiatric nurses' experiences advocating for MHCUs' human rights in a PHC setting. Three phases were followed: the empirical phase, the classification of concepts, and a development phase. Following the empirical phase, a conceptual framework was developed to facilitate psychiatric nurses' advocacy for MHCUs human rights in a PHC setting. Results: Three themes were derived from focus group interviews with psychiatric nurses in the empirical phase. These themes yielded the central concept as 'the facilitation of empowerment' of psychiatric nurses in advocating for MHCUs' human rights. The central concepts were also classified. A conceptual framework was developed that included the relationship, working and termination phases. Conclusion: The study described the development of a conceptual framework to facilitate psychiatric nurses' advocacy for mental healthcare users' human rights in a PHC setting. Psychiatric nurses play a key role in advocating for the human rights of MHCUs. This task is important and should be implemented from the government to the societal level, including all stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As online education becomes increasingly prevalent, the need for proactive legal frameworks to safeguard the rights and well-being of online educators has never been more pressing. The article explores the application of Proactive Law in addressing the unique challenges faced by online educators in Georgia. Proactive Law, with its emphasis on prevention, foresight, and interdisciplinary collaboration, offers a novel approach to mitigating the health and legal risks associated with digital teaching environments. We begin by identifying the primary health and safety risks encountered by online educators, including ergonomic injuries, mental health concerns, and the challenges of maintaining professional boundaries in a digital space. Additionally, we examine the legal uncertainties surrounding intellectual property rights, data privacy, and the adequacy of current contracts and institutional policies in protecting educators' interests, with a focus on the "Law of Georgia on Health Care" and the "Organic Law of Georgia on Occupational Health and Safety." The article then introduces Proactive Law as a framework that can be modified to enhance the protection of online educators. We propose specific legal measures, such as ergonomic regulations, mental health support requirements, and proactive contract design, to address these issues. Comparative insights from international practices are also discussed to provide a broader context and identify potential models for Georgia. Furthermore, we analyze the current legal landscape in Georgia and propose reforms to incorporate proactive legal strategies into existing frameworks. By emphasizing the need for proactive measures, the article aims to foster a more resilient, equitable, and human-centric legal environment for online educators. In conclusion, we call for policymakers and educational institutions in Georgia to adopt these proactive legal solutions to ensure the health and rights of online educators are adequately protected. The article highlights the importance of continuous research and policy adaptation as online education continues to evolve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Resources to cope with maternity and women's participation are essential modulators of maternal well-being. Therefore, it is relevant that the psychosocial factors of woman be monitored during maternity to promote adequate healthcare. This study involved the design and the validation of two new tools that identify women's knowledge of healthcare rights (MatCODE) and perception of resource scarcity (MatER) during pregnancy, labor and early postpartum; Methods: The content validity was carried out using the Aiken's V coefficient and the content validity index (CVI-i) based on five experts. In addition, for the face validity, the pilot cohort was considered the INFLESZ scale. Finally, the questionnaires were applied to 185 women, which allowed to assess the construct validation by factorial and Rasch analysis. The divergent validity was also studied with validated psychological questionnaires; Results: MatCODE and MatER questionnaires received CVI-i and Aiken's V > 0.80 values, and the INFLESZ demonstrated acceptable semantic understanding. The analysis confirms the unidimensionality of the questionnaires, with fit values for MatCODE of RMSEA = 0.113 [0.105; 0.122] and for MatER of RMSEA = 0.067 [0.063; 0.072]. The divergent validity showed significant and consistent correlations with the constructs assessed. For MatCODE, ω = 0.95 and α = 0.94, and for MatER, ω = 0.79 and α = 0.78; Conclusions: MatCODE and MatER are useful new tools for monitoring maternal healthcare, with adequate psychometric characteristics in the Spanish context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored how people who use drugs (PWUD) experience and respond to stigma in biomedical chronic non-cancer pain management. Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with PWUD (n = 26) who had sought care for chronic non-cancer pain in public hospitals in Uyo, Nigeria, drew on the idea of stigma as process of social reproduction and the concept of borderwork. Accounts framed stigma as a normalised feature of healthcare that emerged under different circumstances and operated to position chronic non-cancer pain patients who were PWUD as illegitimate subjects underserving of care. Stigma was widely seen as something to be expected, and was often tolerated by PWUD due to its ubiquity. However, they enacted borderwork marking-off stigma experiences that violated values of fairness and humaneness as well as those that spurned traditional gender norms. Participants responded to intolerable stigma through various acts of resistance, including dropping out of care. Stigma creates barriers to adequate pain management and establishes a context where basic care is accessed at the cost of fundamental human rights and dignity. Routine toleration of stigma helps to naturalise the phenomenon and render it invisible. Resistance to stigma provides a basis for interventions to address all forms of stigma in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundObjectives/AimsDesignData sourcesMethodsResultsConclusionChildhood is a time when health behaviours are established and the foundations for health literacy are cemented. In Aotearoa New Zealand nurses are responsible for communicating health messages to children at key stages in children’s lives.This review explores the ways in which nurses communicate health messages to children and adolescents in Aotearoa New Zealand. It evaluates whether current approaches to health communication are in-line with a child’s rights-based approach.An integrative review using a systematic literature search strategy.In July 2022, 9 databases were searched including: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), Cochrane Library, EBSCO (host), Web of Science Core Collection, CINHIAL plus, psychINFO and PsychEXTRA.Following title and abstract screening 41 articles went through to full-text screening. These were uploaded into NVivo v.12 for analysis. Results were analysed using content analysis with a deductive coding framework informed by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. A total of 20 articles met all inclusion criteria and were assessed of high quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Nurses communicate health messages using a variety of strategies, some of which align with the rights of the child. No evidence was found of nurses communicating health messages through play or creative activities or by adopting principles and practice of continuity of care, including health communication beyond the paediatric context.Opportunities exist for improvements to the rights of children and adolescents within nursing practice. Further research about the rights of children in healthcare services including not only identifying the barriers but research that includes interventions and proposes solutions is necessary . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study draws from qualitative research conducted using a participatory action framework with 47 young adults who identified as people living with HIV, men who have sex with men, transgender, non-binary, or sex workers in Vietnam. The research objectives were to explore their experiences using mobile phones to access sexual and reproductive (SRH) health information and support and the impact of the digital turn in health on their autonomy, privacy and equality. The research was conducted through key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and digital ethnography. The project utilised a participatory action research framework. The research was led by the Vietnam Network of People Living with HIV within the frame of a three-country study, and the authors describe how the network used the findings to advance policy. The paper concludes by proposing participatory action research as a useful methodology for studying human rights and digital health governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prisons, due to various risk factors, are environments that are conducive to infectious disease transmission, with significantly higher prevalence of infectious diseases within prisons compared to the general population. This underscores the importance of preventive measures, particularly vaccination. As part of the international project "Reaching the hard-to-reach: Increasing access and vaccine uptake among the prison population in Europe" (RISE-Vac), this study aimed to map the availability and delivery framework of vaccination services in prisons across Europe and beyond. A questionnaire designed to collect data on the availability and delivery model of vaccination services in prisons was validated and uploaded in SurveyMonkey in July 2023. Then, it was submitted to potential participants, with at least one representative from each European country. Potential participants emailed an invitation letter by the RISE-Vac partners and by the European Organization of Prison and Correctional Services (EUROPRIS). Twenty European countries responded. Vaccines are available in European countries, although their availability differs by country and type of vaccine. The first dose is offered to people living in prisons (PLP), mostly within one month, COVID-19 is the most widely offered vaccine. In all countries, vaccines are actively offered by healthcare workers; in most countries, there is no evaluation of vaccination status among people who work in prison. The survey shows variance in vaccine availability for PLP and staff across countries and vaccine types. Quality healthcare in prisons is not only a matter of the right to health but also a critical public health investment: enhancing vaccine uptake consistently among PLP and staff should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines the practices for pharmacy services that specialize in transitions of care, focusing on optimizing medication management across different healthcare settings. Topics include the role of pharmacists in preventing medication errors, the importance of interprofessional collaboration in transitions of care, and the evidence supporting pharmacist-led interventions to reduce hospital readmissions and improve patient outcomes.

Nursing's efforts at organizing in the United States have encompassed various approaches to creating change at a systemic and political level, namely shared governance, professional associations, and nurse unions. The United States is currently experiencing the effects of an authoritarian sociopolitical agenda that has taken aim at our profession's ethic of providing equitable care for all people through legislation that bans gender‐affirming care and abortions. Nursing is simultaneously experiencing a crisis of burnout and moral distress, as we navigate the everyday functions of a for‐profit healthcare system under the Capitalocene. As we situate ourselves within these policies and practices of late‐stage capitalism and an increasingly authoritarian nation‐state, we are compelled to think deeply about how nursing is currently organizing ourselves. Our paper will explore the evolution of various forms of organizing through the lens of intersectionality, which offers a framework for considering the ways that power operates, creating a matrix of sociostructural processes that fuel injustice. Intersectionality also compels us to examine whether our organizing has resisted, or perpetuated, a matrix of oppression. We will conclude by offering examples of radical imagining for a future of nursing resistance, where our collective organizing has a greater impact and responsibility for dismantling the status quo to achieve justice and liberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Bar Hostess Empowerment & Support Programme (BHESP) in Nairobi, Kenya, which aims to provide support and services for female sex workers (FSWs) who use drugs. BHESP employs a person-centered approach to develop tailored interventions that address the specific needs and challenges faced by FSWs who use drugs, including stigma, violence, and isolation. Through community engagement, stakeholder consultations, and continuous monitoring and evaluation, BHESP has successfully improved access to essential healthcare services for FSWs who use drugs, leading to positive health outcomes and increased acceptance of harm reduction interventions. The article highlights the importance of collaborative and culturally sensitive approaches in addressing the intersectional challenges faced by marginalized populations. [Extracted from the article]

This paper documents the results of an intervention conducted in Nigeria to test the effectiveness of a mobile phone technology, text4life, in enabling women to self-report gender-based violence (GBV). Women experiencing GBV and other challenges related to sexual and reproductive health and rights were requested to use their mobile phones to text a code to a central server. In turn, the server relayed the messages to trained nearby health providers and civil society organization (CSO) officials who reached out to provide health care and social management services to the callers. Interviews were conducted with some callers, health care providers, and CSO staff to explore their experiences with the device. The interviews and data from the server were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicate that over a 27-month period, 3,403 reports were received by the server, 34.9% of which were reporting GBV. While interviewees perceived that a large proportion of the women were satisfied with the use of text4life, and many received medical treatment and psychological care, the consensus opinion was that many women reporting GBV did not wish to pursue police or legal action. This was due to women's perceptions that there would be negative cultural and social backlash should they pursue civil punishments for their partners. We conclude that a mobile phone device can be used effectively to report GBV in low-resource settings. However, the device would be more useful if it contributes to equitable primary prevention of GBV, rather than secondary prevention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document provides a historical overview of sexology, tracing its origins in Germany in the early 20th century and its subsequent development in the United States. It highlights key figures, institutions, and events that shaped the field, emphasizing the interdisciplinary approach and advocacy for sexual reform. The text also discusses the impact of societal shifts, the role of Jewish sexologists, and the resurgence of sexology in the United States post-World War II. Additionally, it explores the field's evolution towards sexual health, rights, and pleasure, culminating in the issuance of declarations and collaborations with organizations like the WHO. The document concludes by addressing current challenges and the importance of advocacy efforts to advance sexual health and rights globally. [Extracted from the article]

This article seeks to revitalize feminist engagement with citizenship by articulating the concept of reproductive citizenship. Drawing upon the work of feminist and queer citizenship theorists, among others, it argues that a feminist conceptualization of citizenship with reproduction at its core is a useful tool for identifying, exploring, and addressing women's ongoing exclusion from and subordination by the Western liberal intellectual and legal tradition. Citizenship, understood as a contested process around the right to have rights and to determine the scope of those rights, has long operated to exclude and oppress liberalism's others on the basis of bodily difference, reproduction, and sexuality. Focusing on abortion access and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), this article will argue that the framework of reproductive citizenship is a helpful and effective means of understanding why abortion and SRHR are so viscerally contested and is helpful for navigating the difficult conceptual and real-world terrain that limits their full realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the community engagement in the development and adoption by countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) Consolidated guideline on sexual and reproductive health and rights of women living with HIV. Cited are the process of integrating the input of women living with HIV in the development of the guideline, the benefits of the inclusive approach of community engagement, and evidence suggesting high adherence to the guideline by local health workers.

Can a human right to good mental health be justified? This is an under‐explored question: until recently, rights in relation to mental health have been framed and debated primarily in terms of their relevance to psychosocial disability and mental ill‐health/mental distress. By contrast, in this article, I propose the basis of a normative justification for a population‐wide right to good mental health, focusing in particular on individuals who do not experience mental ill‐health/distress or do not have (or may never have) a psychiatric diagnosis or a psychosocial disability. The article is structured into three parts. First, I will outline the emergence of a population‐wide right to good mental health in mental health discourse, led by recent reports published by the former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health, Danius Pūras. I will then go on to explore what we might understand by 'good mental health'. Finally, I will explain how a right to good mental health may be justified, drawing on insights from compassion, 'vulnerable agency', and James Wilson's account of 'a right to public health'. I then respond to feasibility and demandingness concerns about such a right, which together inform the basis of the qualified public health right to good mental health I propose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current literature on internal bordering has suggested understanding health care as a key migration control field. This article takes a closer look at the humanitarian medical offices in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and patients from Romania and Bulgaria in precarious life circumstances. It addresses the strategies identified in the accounts of frontline workers beyond the mere provision of access to free and anonymous medical attention. Based on 16 interviews with medical staff, social workers and administrative officers, two approaches emerged. One clearly strives for the formalisation of the human right to health care in close collaboration with, or by challenging the local bordering actors; the other insists on bypassing any point of contact with them, focusing exclusively on informal and direct solutions. The interviews showcase how the resulting strategies can contribute to internal bordering and debordering on an urban scale, and affect the individuals' trajectories as patients and as migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No existing conceptual framework can describe the family precursors and dynamics that explain East Asian American (EAA) youth's mental health problems in their cultural context. To address this conceptual gap and better elucidate EAA youth's mental health issues, we present a conceptual framework that combines two existing theories: the triadic model of family process and acculturation gap-distress theory. We selected these two theories because they address youth mental health problems as a common outcome explained by family domains and complement each other by addressing certain processes in more depth. Using a cultural lens that allows researchers to reconstruct assumptions of theory in specific cultural contexts, the presented integrative framework of family processes identifies how universal and East Asian-specific aspects of familial factors influence the mental health problems of EAA youth. This framework is intended to guide future research efforts on EAA youth development and provide preliminary guidelines for social workers working with EAA families to provide culturally responsive care and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the United Nations' 'leave no one behind' framework for the achievement of sustainable development goals, this article underscores the key role of geography as one of the core factors why certain people are left behind, deprived, and continue to experience inequality in terms of access to (quality) health care facilities and services. This article specifically examines the consequences of physical inaccessibility to health outcomes and health-seeking behavior in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDAs) in the Philippines. This article illustrates that physical accessibility is an ignored aspect of the public health paradigm. For that reason, public health facilities, no matter how critical the facility is to a person's care, are not an immediate option for GIDA residents who seek medical aid. Responsive policy measures are vital to address this seemingly paradigmatic error. Subsidizing transportation costs and allocating funds for road improvements are called for, among other changes. The government must act on the people's right to ease of access as part of fulfilling fundamental health-related state obligations. But for the government to act, it will be crucial for claimants to health rights to proactively demand these changes. The latter is key for the fulfillment of the affected people's right to get easier access to meaningful health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Health is undoubtedly the supreme good for every person, but work also occupies an important dimension in life, as it gives the individual the opportunity to live in a dignified manner. For this reason, health and work are elevated to fundamental rights, as such inviolable. In particular, as regards Albania, health protection is provided for in Article 55 of the Constitution. This article goes to guarantee the health of the person in a reductive way, explicitly including, in compliance with the principle of equality, the right to health care by the State, and the right to health insurance according to the procedure established by law. Likewise, the right to work is provided for in the constitution, which explicitly provides for the right of every individual to earn a living by carrying out lawful work of their own choice or acceptance. Furthermore, the freedom to choose the profession, the workplace and the professional qualification system is envisaged. Although the link between work is health and inextricable, this correlation is not provided for in the constitution. Likewise, the protection of mental health in the workplace is not provided for in any article. Protecting mental health in the workplace is very important as work can have a positive influence on mental health, at the same time poor conditions in the workplace can be a source of stress and consequently have a negative impact not only on life of the individual but also on mental health. Likewise, work can amplify social aspects such as discrimination and inequalities and negatively affect the mental state of the working population. The object of this study is to analyse the interaction that these two fundamental rights have with each other and how they are guaranteed in the Albanian constitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author talks about some of the challenges faced by educators in social work and argues for greater activism, spanning national and regional boundaries, building strength through relationship and solidarity. She discusses the persistence of extractive capitalism, activism in social work, and the actions that should be taken by social work educators and scholars to model to their students.

Background: Sexually active adolescents sometimes seek contraceptives without parental consent, posing challenges due to minors' confidentiality and consent regulations. This is especially the case under the un-nuanced Israeli legal scheme regarding adolescents' care. Methods: Israeli OBGYNs were contacted through mailing lists and social media groups and asked to fill an online questionnaire regarding their experience and protocols concerning prescription of contraceptives to minors. They were also asked about their comprehension of the relevant legal obligations, the importance they ascribe to different ethical interests and considerations, as well as their training. Results: Of the 177 responding gynecologists, 132 (74.58%) consulted minors about contraceptives during the past year, regardless of a vast lack of training on providing care to minors. More than a third of respondents believed that there is no legal requirement to involve parents in the process, and only 8% assumed a legal obligation for parental involvement in all minors under the age of 18. Three quarters would "almost always" prescribe contraceptives without parental knowledge, if requested, while 20% never would. No correlation was found between respondents' practices and their perception of the relevant legal obligations. Participants agreed that the risk to the health of the minor as a result of having sex without contraceptives is of utmost importance. Yet, those willing to prescribe gave greater weight to this consideration, while those who do not prescribe were more concerned with the legal ramifications of such an act. The majority identified the age of 15 as the threshold for consistently prescribing contraceptives to minors without parental involvement. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant gaps in both the legal framework and the training of Israeli OBGYNs, and further supports confidential prescription of contraceptives to minors 15 years and older, via Article 6 of the Israeli Legal Competence and Guardianship Law. Legislative reform, professional guidelines and education and training programs are all needed to ensure consistent and legally sound practices, that safeguard the health and rights of minors. It is imperative to guide healthcare providers, including OBGYNs prescribing contraceptives to minors, on managing the care of minors refusing parental involvement, clarifying the legal framework and ethical considerations involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing conflict in Gaza has led to severe destruction of the health system and eventually its collapse. Moreover, multiple attacks on health workers were reported which led to obstacles in service delivery. The conflict has led to further humanitarian crises including shortage of food, water sanitation, and hygiene, and outbreaks of infectious diseases. About 2 million of Gaza's population are internally displaced with the majority in Rafah. Rafah's population has increased by 500% in less than four months. This has led to acute food severity in Gaza for the whole of the population. Moreover, the cut of UNRWA aid is expected to further expand the humanitarian crisis as over 2 million of the population depends on the aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women who have migrated often encounter difficulties in accessing healthcare and experience inequitable sexual and reproductive health outcomes in destination countries. These health inequities include contraceptive access and use. To better understand what influences contraceptive access and use, this scoping review set out to synthesize the evidence on contraceptive access and use and on associated interventions among women with migratory experience in high-income countries (HICs) in Europe, North America and Australasia. Methods: The scientific databases PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched for peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative and mixed method articles published between January 2000 and June 2023. Articles were included if they reported on studies exploring contraceptive use to prevent pregnancies among women of reproductive age with migratory experience living in HICs. Two researchers independently screened and extracted data from the articles. Findings were categorized by patient and health system level factors according to Levesque et al.'s framework of access to health care. Results: A total of 68 articles were included, about half (n = 32) from North America. The articles focused on the individual level rather than the health system level, including aspects such as women's contraceptive knowledge, the influence of culture and religion on accessing and using contraception, partner involvement, and differing health insurance coverage. On the health system level, the articles highlighted lack of information on contraceptive services, cultural (in)adequacy of services and communication aspects, contraceptives' side effects, as well as geographic availability and cost of services. The review further identified three articles reporting on interventions related to contraceptive counselling. Conclusions: There is a lack of knowledge regarding how health systems impose obstacles to contraceptive services for women with migratory experience on an organizational level, as research has focused heavily on the individual level. This review's findings may serve as a foundation for further research and advances in policy and practice, specifically recommending early provision of health system related information and contraceptive education, engagement of male partners in contraceptive discourses, cultural competency training for healthcare professionals, and strengthening of interpretation services for contraceptive counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a financial‐actuarial approach, a formal methodological proposal is presented, using to estimate the loss ratio of the maximum budgets, an ex‐ante financing mechanism for the health promoting entities (HPEs) of the contributory, and subsidized schemes of the General System of Social Security in Health in Colombia. Using public information from the financial statements of the HPEs, available on the website of the National Health Superintendency, the loss ratios for the years 2020 and 2021 were calculated. The results showed values above 150% for more than 40% of the HPEs analyzed. This generates a financial sustainability alert for the health sector regarding this specific mechanism. To ensure the efficiency of spending and guarantee the fundamental right to health of all inhabitants of the Colombian territory, it is proposed to invest more in the assessment of health technologies, use the cost‐effectiveness threshold already estimated for Colombia, establish clinical guidelines for health technologies not included in the Capitation Payment Unit, and update the health benefit plan in a systematic, participatory, and clear manner for all strategic actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)