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2. Next-generation phenotyping integrated in a national framework for patients with ultrarare disorders improves genetic diagnostics and yields new molecular findings

Author

Schmidt, Axel, Danyel, Magdalena, Grundmann, Kathrin, Brunet, Theresa, Klinkhammer, Hannah, Hsieh, Tzung-Chien, Engels, Hartmut, Peters, Sophia, Knaus, Alexej, Moosa, Shahida, Averdunk, Luisa, Boschann, Felix, Sczakiel, Henrike Lisa, Schwartzmann, Sarina, Mensah, Martin Atta, Pantel, Jean Tori, Holtgrewe, Manuel, Bösch, Annemarie, Weiß, Claudia, Weinhold, Natalie, Suter, Aude-Annick, Stoltenburg, Corinna, Neugebauer, Julia, Kallinich, Tillmann, Kaindl, Angela M., Holzhauer, Susanne, Bührer, Christoph, Bufler, Philip, Kornak, Uwe, Ott, Claus-Eric, Schülke, Markus, Nguyen, Hoa Huu Phuc, Hoffjan, Sabine, Grasemann, Corinna, Rothoeft, Tobias, Brinkmann, Folke, Matar, Nora, Sivalingam, Sugirthan, Perne, Claudia, Mangold, Elisabeth, Kreiss, Martina, Cremer, Kirsten, Betz, Regina C., Mücke, Martin, Grigull, Lorenz, Klockgether, Thomas, Spier, Isabel, Heimbach, André, Bender, Tim, Brand, Fabian, Stieber, Christiane, Morawiec, Alexandra Marzena, Karakostas, Pantelis, Schäfer, Valentin S., Bernsen, Sarah, Weydt, Patrick, Castro-Gomez, Sergio, Aziz, Ahmad, Grobe-Einsler, Marcus, Kimmich, Okka, Kobeleva, Xenia, Önder, Demet, Lesmann, Hellen, Kumar, Sheetal, Tacik, Pawel, Basin, Meghna Ahuja, Incardona, Pietro, Lee-Kirsch, Min Ae, Berner, Reinhard, Schuetz, Catharina, Körholz, Julia, Kretschmer, Tanita, Di Donato, Nataliya, Schröck, Evelin, Heinen, André, Reuner, Ulrike, Hanßke, Amalia-Mihaela, Kaiser, Frank J., Manka, Eva, Munteanu, Martin, Kuechler, Alma, Cordula, Kiewert, Hirtz, Raphael, Schlapakow, Elena, Schlein, Christian, Lisfeld, Jasmin, Kubisch, Christian, Herget, Theresia, Hempel, Maja, Weiler-Normann, Christina, Ullrich, Kurt, Schramm, Christoph, Rudolph, Cornelia, Rillig, Franziska, Groffmann, Maximilian, Muntau, Ania, Tibelius, Alexandra, Schwaibold, Eva M. C., Schaaf, Christian P., Zawada, Michal, Kaufmann, Lilian, Hinderhofer, Katrin, Okun, Pamela M., Kotzaeridou, Urania, Hoffmann, Georg F., Choukair, Daniela, Bettendorf, Markus, Spielmann, Malte, Ripke, Annekatrin, Pauly, Martje, Münchau, Alexander, Lohmann, Katja, Hüning, Irina, Hanker, Britta, Bäumer, Tobias, Herzog, Rebecca, Hellenbroich, Yorck, Westphal, Dominik S., Strom, Tim, Kovacs, Reka, Riedhammer, Korbinian M., Mayerhanser, Katharina, Graf, Elisabeth, Brugger, Melanie, Hoefele, Julia, Oexle, Konrad, Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin, Berutti, Riccardo, Schatz, Ulrich, Krenn, Martin, Makowski, Christine, Weigand, Heike, Schröder, Sebastian, Rohlfs, Meino, Vill, Katharina, Hauck, Fabian, Borggraefe, Ingo, Müller-Felber, Wolfgang, Kurth, Ingo, Elbracht, Miriam, Knopp, Cordula, Begemann, Matthias, Kraft, Florian, Lemke, Johannes R., Hentschel, Julia, Platzer, Konrad, Strehlow, Vincent, Abou Jamra, Rami, Kehrer, Martin, Demidov, German, Beck-Wödl, Stefanie, Graessner, Holm, Sturm, Marc, Zeltner, Lena, Schöls, Ludger J., Magg, Janine, Bevot, Andrea, Kehrer, Christiane, Kaiser, Nadja, Turro, Ernest, Horn, Denise, Grüters-Kieslich, Annette, Klein, Christoph, Mundlos, Stefan, Nöthen, Markus, Riess, Olaf, Meitinger, Thomas, Krude, Heiko, Krawitz, Peter M., Haack, Tobias, Ehmke, Nadja, and Wagner, Matias

Published
2024
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4. Elektrodenplatzierung in der kardialen Devicetherapie

Author

Wörmann, Jonas, Duncker, David, Althoff, Till, Heeger, Christian, Tilz, Roland, Estner, Heidi, Rillig, Andreas, Sommer, Philipp, Iden, Leon, Johnson, Victoria, Chun, K. R. Julian, Jansen, Henning, Maurer, Tilman, Busch, Sonia, and Steven, Daniel

Published
2024
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7. Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author

Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, Osvaldo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Saiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew, Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel Augusto, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew David, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Ivan, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan, Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hernández, Rosa Mary, Hölzel, Norbert, Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Jadan, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth, Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Emiliano Quiroga, R., Reed, Sasha, Rey, Ana, Rey, Pedro, Gómez, Víctor Manuel Reyes, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan Christian, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew David, Tielbörger, Katja, Robles, Silvia Torres, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Maestre, Fernando T.

Published
2024
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8. Limited role of fungal diversity in maintaining soil processes in grassland soil under concurrent fungicide stress

Author

Jeane A. dela Cruz, Tessa Camenzind, Baile Xu, and Matthias C. Rillig

Subjects
Fungicide mixture, Fungal diversity, Soil processes, Grassland fungi, Modes of action (MoA), Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Environmental law, K3581-3598
Abstract

Abstract Background Fungicides are an effective tool for protecting crops and maintaining a steady food supply. However, as pathogens continue to evolve, it is crucial to prolong the effectiveness of fungicides by delaying resistance development. A key strategy to achieving this is to combine or rotate fungicides with different modes of action. As fungicides lack specificity, they inevitably affect both pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi when surrounding environments are unintentionally contaminated. Our study aims to investigate the effects of recommended application methods to prevent resistance development, specifically repeated-single fungicide, simultaneous mixture, and sequential applications on non-target soil fungi, and the subsequent impacts on important soil processes. We used fungicides with different modes of action on soil microcosms inoculated with fungi at varying levels of diversity (3, 5, and 8 species) isolated from a protected grassland. Results We found that repeated treatments of individual isopyrazam and prothioconazole differentially inhibited fungal activity. Although mixture applications are considered more protectant against crop pathogen resistance than repeated application, our study revealed stronger negative effects of simultaneous application on saprobic fungi and consequently on soil processes. However, contrary to expectations, higher fungal diversity did not translate to improved soil function under these conditions. Conclusions The simultaneous application of fungicides with different modes of action (MoA) has more pronounced non-target effects on soil compared to the individual or sequential application of fungicides. These non-target effects extend beyond the intended control of pathogenic fungi, impacting saprobic and beneficial soil microbes and the critical processes they drive. When fungicides are applied concurrently, microbial activities in the soil are significantly altered, even in soils with high microbial diversity. Our study emphasizes the importance of carefully considering the unintended consequences of fungicide use in agriculture. As we strive for a secure food supply, it is crucial to investigate the broader environmental impacts of these chemical interventions, including their effects on non-pathogenic fungi and overall soil health.

Published
2024
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13. Towards establishing a fungal economics spectrum in soil saprobic fungi

Author

Camenzind, Tessa, Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A., Hempel, Stefan, Lehmann, Anika, Bielcik, Milos, Andrade-Linares, Diana R., Bergmann, Joana, dela Cruz, Jeane, Gawronski, Jessie, Golubeva, Polina, Haslwimmer, Heike, Lartey, Linda, Leifheit, Eva, Maaß, Stefanie, Marhan, Sven, Pinek, Liliana, Powell, Jeff R., Roy, Julien, Veresoglou, Stavros D., Wang, Dongwei, Wulf, Anja, Zheng, Weishuang, and Rillig, Matthias C.

Published
2024
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15. A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification

Author

Neyret, Margot, Le Provost, Gaëtane, Boesing, Andrea Larissa, Schneider, Florian D., Baulechner, Dennis, Bergmann, Joana, de Vries, Franciska T., Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria, Geisen, Stefan, Goldmann, Kezia, Merges, Anna, Saifutdinov, Ruslan A., Simons, Nadja K., Tobias, Joseph A., Zaitsev, Andrey S., Gossner, Martin M., Jung, Kirsten, Kandeler, Ellen, Krauss, Jochen, Penone, Caterina, Schloter, Michael, Schulz, Stefanie, Staab, Michael, Wolters, Volkmar, Apostolakis, Antonios, Birkhofer, Klaus, Boch, Steffen, Boeddinghaus, Runa S., Bolliger, Ralph, Bonkowski, Michael, Buscot, François, Dumack, Kenneth, Fischer, Markus, Gan, Huei Ying, Heinze, Johannes, Hölzel, Norbert, John, Katharina, Klaus, Valentin H., Kleinebecker, Till, Marhan, Sven, Müller, Jörg, Renner, Swen C., Rillig, Matthias C., Schenk, Noëlle V., Schöning, Ingo, Schrumpf, Marion, Seibold, Sebastian, Socher, Stephanie A., Solly, Emily F., Teuscher, Miriam, van Kleunen, Mark, Wubet, Tesfaye, and Manning, Peter

Published
2024
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22. Nitrifying niche in estuaries is expanded by the plastisphere

Author

Xiaoxuan Su, Xinrong Huang, Yiyue Zhang, Leyang Yang, Teng Wen, Xiaoru Yang, Guibing Zhu, Jinbo Zhang, Yijia Tang, Zhaolei Li, Jing Ding, Ruilong Li, Junliang Pan, Xinping Chen, Fuyi Huang, Matthias C. Rillig, and Yong-guan Zhu

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The estuarine plastisphere, a novel ecological habitat in the Anthropocene, has garnered global concerns. Recent geochemical evidence has pointed out its potential role in influencing nitrogen biogeochemistry. However, the biogeochemical significance of the plastisphere and its mechanisms regulating nitrogen cycling remain elusive. Using 15N- and 13C-labelling coupled with metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, here we unveil that the plastisphere likely acts as an underappreciated nitrifying niche in estuarine ecosystems, exhibiting a 0.9 ~ 12-fold higher activity of bacteria-mediated nitrification compared to surrounding seawater and other biofilms (stone, wood and glass biofilms). The shift of active nitrifiers from O2-sensitive nitrifiers in the seawater to nitrifiers with versatile metabolisms in the plastisphere, combined with the potential interspecific cooperation of nitrifying substrate exchange observed among the plastisphere nitrifiers, collectively results in the unique nitrifying niche. Our findings highlight the plastisphere as an emerging nitrifying niche in estuarine environment, and deepen the mechanistic understanding of its contribution to marine biogeochemistry.

Published
2024
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23. Delivery rate alters the effects of tire wear particles on soil microbial activities

Author

Yanjie Zhu, Shin Woong Kim, Huiying Li, and Matthias C. Rillig

Subjects
Abrupt exposure, Gradual exposure, Microplastics, Enzyme activities, Soil aggregates, Soil pH, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Environmental law, K3581-3598
Abstract

Abstract Background Tire wear particles (TWPs) produced by the abrasion between tires and road surfaces have been recognized as an emerging threat to soil health globally in recent years. They can be transported from the road surface to adjacent soil at different delivery rates, with precipitation a main driver underpinning this movement. However, studies typically assume an abrupt exposure of TWPs in their experimental design. In this study, we investigated the impacts of abrupt and gradual delivery of TWPs on soil physicochemical properties and microbial activities. We used two different delivery rates of TWPs (abrupt and gradual) and devised two experimental phases, namely the TWPs-delivery period (phase 1) and the end-of-delivery period (phase 2). Results We found that the gradual TWPs delivery treatments negatively influenced the activity of carbon cycle-related enzymes (β-glucosidase and β-D-1,4-cellobiosidase). Furthermore, the abrupt treatment highly increased the effects on nitrogen cycle-related enzyme activity (β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase). In phase 2 (end-of-delivery period), each enzyme activity was returned to a similar level as the control group, and these changes between phases 1 and 2 depended on the prior delivery rates. Conclusion Abruptly and gradually delivered TWPs induce different responses to soil microbial activities. Our findings imply that the delivery rate of TWPs could be a key factor changing the effects of TWPs, further enhancing our understanding of the ecological impacts of TWPs. Graphical Abstract

Published
2024
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24. Foundations for a national assessment of soil biodiversity

Author

Carlos A. Guerra, Nico Eisenhauer, Christoph C. Tebbe, Willi E. R. Xylander, C. Albert, Doreen Babin, Bartosz Bartkowski, Benjamin Burkhard, Juliane Filser, Dagmar Haase, Karin Hohberg, Janina Kleemann, Sanina Kolb, Christina Lachmann, Matthias C. Rillig, Jörg Römbke, Liliane Ruess, Stefan Scheu, Nicole Scheunemann, Bastian Steinhoff‐Knopp, Nicole Wellbrock, and Christian Ristok

Subjects
belowground biodiversity, biodiversity change, conservation, ecosystem services, governance options, science policy, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract Soils, just like all other ecosystem compartments, change over time and, consequently, conditions for soil‐inhabiting organisms are also changing, affecting their composition and diversity. Soil biodiversity is a critical component of ecosystems that supports many essential ecosystem functions and services, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, water regulation and biomass production for food, fodder, fibre and energy. However, and despite the importance of soil biodiversity for ecosystem health and human well‐being, neither current state, drivers, potential consequences for ecosystem services nor options for sustainable governance of soil biodiversity are well understood. Here, we provide a framework for and argue that conducting a national assessment of soil biodiversity, albeit being a complex endeavour, is fundamental to building a baseline to understand the current state and trends of soil biodiversity, but also to identify the main drivers of change, the impacts of soil biodiversity loss and the potential pathways for conservation and sustainable governance of soil biodiversity.

Published
2024
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27. Towards establishing a fungal economics spectrum in soil saprobic fungi

Author

Tessa Camenzind, Carlos A. Aguilar-Trigueros, Stefan Hempel, Anika Lehmann, Milos Bielcik, Diana R. Andrade-Linares, Joana Bergmann, Jeane dela Cruz, Jessie Gawronski, Polina Golubeva, Heike Haslwimmer, Linda Lartey, Eva Leifheit, Stefanie Maaß, Sven Marhan, Liliana Pinek, Jeff R. Powell, Julien Roy, Stavros D. Veresoglou, Dongwei Wang, Anja Wulf, Weishuang Zheng, and Matthias C. Rillig

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Trait-based frameworks are promising tools to understand the functional consequences of community shifts in response to environmental change. The applicability of these tools to soil microbes is limited by a lack of functional trait data and a focus on categorical traits. To address this gap for an important group of soil microorganisms, we identify trade-offs underlying a fungal economics spectrum based on a large trait collection in 28 saprobic fungal isolates, derived from a common grassland soil and grown in culture plates. In this dataset, ecologically relevant trait variation is best captured by a three-dimensional fungal economics space. The primary explanatory axis represents a dense-fast continuum, resembling dominant life-history trade-offs in other taxa. A second significant axis reflects mycelial flexibility, and a third one carbon acquisition traits. All three axes correlate with traits involved in soil carbon cycling. Since stress tolerance and fundamental niche gradients are primarily related to the dense-fast continuum, traits of the 2nd (carbon-use efficiency) and especially the 3rd (decomposition) orthogonal axes are independent of tested environmental stressors. These findings suggest a fungal economics space which can now be tested at broader scales.

Published
2024
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28. A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification

Author

Margot Neyret, Gaëtane Le Provost, Andrea Larissa Boesing, Florian D. Schneider, Dennis Baulechner, Joana Bergmann, Franciska T. de Vries, Anna Maria Fiore-Donno, Stefan Geisen, Kezia Goldmann, Anna Merges, Ruslan A. Saifutdinov, Nadja K. Simons, Joseph A. Tobias, Andrey S. Zaitsev, Martin M. Gossner, Kirsten Jung, Ellen Kandeler, Jochen Krauss, Caterina Penone, Michael Schloter, Stefanie Schulz, Michael Staab, Volkmar Wolters, Antonios Apostolakis, Klaus Birkhofer, Steffen Boch, Runa S. Boeddinghaus, Ralph Bolliger, Michael Bonkowski, François Buscot, Kenneth Dumack, Markus Fischer, Huei Ying Gan, Johannes Heinze, Norbert Hölzel, Katharina John, Valentin H. Klaus, Till Kleinebecker, Sven Marhan, Jörg Müller, Swen C. Renner, Matthias C. Rillig, Noëlle V. Schenk, Ingo Schöning, Marion Schrumpf, Sebastian Seibold, Stephanie A. Socher, Emily F. Solly, Miriam Teuscher, Mark van Kleunen, Tesfaye Wubet, and Peter Manning

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for >2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a ‘slow-fast’ axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification.

Published
2024
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29. Author Correction: Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author

Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, Osvaldo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Saiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew, Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel Augusto, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew David, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Ivan, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan, Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hernández, Rosa Mary, Hölzel, Norbert, Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Jadan, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth, Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Emiliano Quiroga, R., Reed, Sasha, Rey, Ana, Rey, Pedro, Gómez, Víctor Manuel Reyes, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan Christian, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew David, Tielbörger, Katja, Robles, Silvia Torres, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Maestre, Fernando T.

Published
2024
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30. Agricultural management and pesticide use reduce the functioning of beneficial plant symbionts.

Author

Edlinger, Anna, Garland, Gina, Hartman, Kyle, Banerjee, Samiran, Degrune, Florine, García-Palacios, Pablo, Hallin, Sara, Valzano-Held, Alain, Herzog, Chantal, Jansa, Jan, Kost, Elena, Maestre, Fernando, Pescador, David, Philippot, Laurent, Rillig, Matthias, Romdhane, Sana, Saghaï, Aurélien, Spor, Ayme, Frossard, Emmanuel, and van der Heijden, Marcel

Subjects
Agriculture, Mycorrhizae, Pesticides, Plants, Soil, Soil Microbiology
Abstract

Phosphorus (P) acquisition is key for plant growth. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) help plants acquire P from soil. Understanding which factors drive AMF-supported nutrient uptake is essential to develop more sustainable agroecosystems. Here we collected soils from 150 cereal fields and 60 non-cropped grassland sites across a 3,000 km trans-European gradient. In a greenhouse experiment, we tested the ability of AMF in these soils to forage for the radioisotope 33P from a hyphal compartment. AMF communities in grassland soils were much more efficient in acquiring 33P and transferred 64% more 33P to plants compared with AMF in cropland soils. Fungicide application best explained hyphal 33P transfer in cropland soils. The use of fungicides and subsequent decline in AMF richness in croplands reduced 33P uptake by 43%. Our results suggest that land-use intensity and fungicide use are major deterrents to the functioning and natural nutrient uptake capacity of AMF in agroecosystems.

Published
2022

32. Biotic homogenization, lower soil fungal diversity and fewer rare taxa in arable soils across Europe

Author

Samiran Banerjee, Cheng Zhao, Gina Garland, Anna Edlinger, Pablo García-Palacios, Sana Romdhane, Florine Degrune, David S. Pescador, Chantal Herzog, Lennel A. Camuy-Velez, Jordi Bascompte, Sara Hallin, Laurent Philippot, Fernando T. Maestre, Matthias C. Rillig, and Marcel G. A. van der Heijden

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Soil fungi are a key constituent of global biodiversity and play a pivotal role in agroecosystems. How arable farming affects soil fungal biogeography and whether it has a disproportional impact on rare taxa is poorly understood. Here, we used the high-resolution PacBio Sequel targeting the entire ITS region to investigate the distribution of soil fungi in 217 sites across a 3000 km gradient in Europe. We found a consistently lower diversity of fungi in arable lands than grasslands, with geographic locations significantly impacting fungal community structures. Prevalent fungal groups became even more abundant, whereas rare groups became fewer or absent in arable lands, suggesting a biotic homogenization due to arable farming. The rare fungal groups were narrowly distributed and more common in grasslands. Our findings suggest that rare soil fungi are disproportionally affected by arable farming, and sustainable farming practices should protect rare taxa and the ecosystem services they support.

Published
2024
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34. Combined Application of Multiple Global Change Factors Negatively Influences Key Soil Processes across an Urban Gradient in Berlin, Germany

Author

Peter Meidl, Daniel R. Lammel, Vladan Nikolic, Marie Decker, Mohan Bi, Leo Hampl, and Matthias C. Rillig

Subjects
global change, litter decomposition, urbanization, water repellency, water-stable aggregates, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Urbanization is a growing phenomenon affecting soils worldwide. Urban centers have been highlighted as hotspots for global change factors due to heightened anthropogenic activity. However, few studies have investigated the multifaceted impacts of global change factors (GCFs) acting in concert with urban soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to add GCFs in different combinations (0, 1, 2, 5, and 8 simultaneously) in three high-urbanity and three low-urbanity soils in Berlin and to evaluate their effects on soil parameters and functions. We hypothesized four potential outcomes of soil process responses to GCF exposure, Site-Specific Resistance, General Susceptibility, Low-Urbanity Resistance, and High-Urbanity Resistance. We provide evidence for the negative impacts of individual and multiple GCF application on litter decomposition, water repellency, and water-stable aggregates. Additionally, we highlight the General Susceptibility of litter decomposition to GCF exposure regardless of urbanity, as well as the Low-Urbanity Resistance of water repellency and High-Urbanity Resistance of water-stable aggregates under increased exposure to GCFs. This study expands on evidence of the growing threat of global change factors in urban settings and highlights some potential consequences regarding soil function.

Published
2024
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36. Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective

Author

Wang, Fang, Xiang, Leilei, Sze-Yin Leung, Kelvin, Elsner, Martin, Zhang, Ying, Guo, Yuming, Pan, Bo, Sun, Hongwen, An, Taicheng, Ying, Guangguo, Brooks, Bryan W., Hou, Deyi, Helbling, Damian E., Sun, Jianqiang, Qiu, Hao, Vogel, Timothy M., Zhang, Wei, Gao, Yanzheng, Simpson, Myrna J., Luo, Yi, Chang, Scott X., Su, Guanyong, Wong, Bryan M., Fu, Tzung-May, Zhu, Dong, Jobst, Karl J., Ge, Chengjun, Coulon, Frederic, Harindintwali, Jean Damascene, Zeng, Xiankui, Wang, Haijun, Fu, Yuhao, Wei, Zhong, Lohmann, Rainer, Chen, Changer, Song, Yang, Sanchez-Cid, Concepcion, Wang, Yu, El-Naggar, Ali, Yao, Yiming, Huang, Yanran, Cheuk-Fung Law, Japhet, Gu, Chenggang, Shen, Huizhong, Gao, Yanpeng, Qin, Chao, Li, Hao, Zhang, Tong, Corcoll, Natàlia, Liu, Min, Alessi, Daniel S., Li, Hui, Brandt, Kristian K., Pico, Yolanda, Gu, Cheng, Guo, Jianhua, Su, Jianqiang, Corvini, Philippe, Ye, Mao, Rocha-Santos, Teresa, He, Huan, Yang, Yi, Tong, Meiping, Zhang, Weina, Suanon, Fidèle, Brahushi, Ferdi, Wang, Zhenyu, Hashsham, Syed A., Virta, Marko, Yuan, Qingbin, Jiang, Gaofei, Tremblay, Louis A., Bu, Qingwei, Wu, Jichun, Peijnenburg, Willie, Topp, Edward, Cao, Xinde, Jiang, Xin, Zheng, Minghui, Zhang, Taolin, Luo, Yongming, Zhu, Lizhong, Li, Xiangdong, Barceló, Damià, Chen, Jianmin, Xing, Baoshan, Amelung, Wulf, Cai, Zongwei, Naidu, Ravi, Shen, Qirong, Pawliszyn, Janusz, Zhu, Yong-guan, Schaeffer, Andreas, Rillig, Matthias C., Wu, Fengchang, Yu, Gang, and Tiedje, James M.

Published
2024
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40. Plastics can be used more sustainably in agriculture

Author

Hofmann, Thilo, Ghoshal, Subhasis, Tufenkji, Nathalie, Adamowski, Jan Franklin, Bayen, Stéphane, Chen, Qiqing, Demokritou, Philip, Flury, Markus, Hüffer, Thorsten, Ivleva, Natalia P., Ji, Rong, Leask, Richard L., Maric, Milan, Mitrano, Denise M., Sander, Michael, Pahl, Sabine, Rillig, Matthias C., Walker, Tony R., White, Jason C., and Wilkinson, Kevin J.

Published
2023
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44. Publisher Correction: Soil contamination in nearby natural areas mirrors that in urban greenspaces worldwide

Author

Liu, Yu-Rong, van der Heijden, Marcel G. A., Riedo, Judith, Sanz-Lazaro, Carlos, Eldridge, David J., Bastida, Felipe, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Hu, Hang-Wei, He, Ji-Zheng, Moreno, José L., Abades, Sebastian, Alfaro, Fernando, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Berdugo, Miguel, Blanco-Pastor, José L., de los Ríos, Asunción, Duran, Jorge, Grebenc, Tine, Illán, Javier G., Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Plaza, César, Rey, Ana, Rodríguez, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Casado-Coy, Nuria, Trivedi, Pankaj, Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Verma, Jay Prakash, Mukherjee, Arpan, Zeng, Xiao-Min, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Huang, Qiaoyun, Tan, Wenfeng, Zhu, Yong-Guan, Rillig, Matthias C., and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Published
2023
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47. Soil contamination in nearby natural areas mirrors that in urban greenspaces worldwide

Author

Liu, Yu-Rong, van der Heijden, Marcel G. A., Riedo, Judith, Sanz-Lazaro, Carlos, Eldridge, David J., Bastida, Felipe, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Zhou, Xin-Quan, Hu, Hang-Wei, He, Ji-Zheng, Moreno, José L., Abades, Sebastian, Alfaro, Fernando, Bamigboye, Adebola R., Berdugo, Miguel, Blanco-Pastor, José L., de los Ríos, Asunción, Duran, Jorge, Grebenc, Tine, Illán, Javier G., Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., Nahberger, Tina U., Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F., Plaza, César, Rey, Ana, Rodríguez, Alexandra, Siebe, Christina, Teixido, Alberto L., Casado-Coy, Nuria, Trivedi, Pankaj, Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Verma, Jay Prakash, Mukherjee, Arpan, Zeng, Xiao-Min, Wang, Ling, Wang, Jianyong, Zaady, Eli, Zhou, Xiaobing, Huang, Qiaoyun, Tan, Wenfeng, Zhu, Yong-Guan, Rillig, Matthias C., and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Published
2023
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48. Microplastics alter soil structure and microbial community composition

Author

Lanfang Han, Liying Chen, Yanfang Feng, Yakov Kuzyakov, Qi'ang Chen, Sibo Zhang, Liang Chao, Yanpeng Cai, Chuanxin Ma, Ke Sun, and Matthias C. Rillig

Subjects
Microplastic contamination, Soil aggregation, Bacterial community structure, Microbial co-occurrence network, Soil health, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Microplastics (MPs), including conventional hard-to-biodegrade petroleum-based and faster biodegradable plant-based ones, impact soil structure and microbiota in turn affecting the biodiversity and functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Herein, we investigated the effects of conventional and biodegradable MPs on aggregate distribution and microbial community composition in microhabitats at the aggregate scale. Two MP types (polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid (PLA) with increasing size (50, 150, and 300 μm)) were mixed with a silty loam soil (0–20 cm) at a ratio of 0.5 % (w/w) in a rice–wheat rotation system in a greenhouse under 25 °C for one year. The effects on aggregation, bacterial communities and their co-occurrence networks were investigated as a function of MP aggregate size. Conventional and biodegradable MPs generally had similar effects on soil aggregation and bacterial communities. They increased the proportion of microaggregates from 17 % to 32 %, while reducing the macroaggregates from 84 % to 68 %. The aggregate stability decreased from 1.4 mm to 1.0–1.1 mm independently of MP size due to the decline in the binding agents gluing soil particles (e.g., microbial byproducts and proteinaceous substances). MP type and amount strongly affected the bacterial community structure, accounting for 54 % of the variance. Due to less bioavailable organics, bacterial community composition within microaggregates was more sensitive to MPs addition compared to macroaggregates. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that MPs exacerbated competition among bacteria and increased the complexity of bacterial networks. Such effects were stronger for PE than PLA MPs due to the higher persistence of PE in soils. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes were the keystone taxa in macroaggregates, while Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were the keystone taxa in microaggregates. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the most sensitive bacteria to MPs addition. Overall, both conventional and biodegradable MPs reduced the portion of large and stable aggregates, altering bacterial community structures and keystone taxa, and consequently, the functions.

Published
2024
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49. Effects of common artificial sweeteners at environmentally relevant concentrations on soil springtails and their gut microbiota

Author

Xiang-Long Lin, Fei Guo, Matthias C. Rillig, Chun Chen, Gui-Lan Duan, and Yong-Guan Zhu

Subjects
Artificial sweeteners, Soil springtails, Toxicity effects, Multigenerational exposure, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Artificial sweeteners (AS) are extensively utilized as sugar substitutes and have been recognized as emerging environmental contaminants. While the effect of AS on aquatic organisms has garnered recent attention, their effects on soil invertebrates and gut microbial communities remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we exposed springtails (Folsomia candida) to both single and combined treatments of four typical AS (sucralose [SUC], saccharin [SAC], cyclamate [CYC], and acesulfame [ACE]) at environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg kg−1 in soil. Following the first-generational exposure, the reproduction of juveniles showed a significant increase under all the AS treatments of 0.1 mg kg−1. The transcriptomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathways (e.g., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism, ribosome, and lysosome) in springtails under all AS treatments. Analysis of gut bacterial microbiota indicated that three AS (SUC, CYC, and ACE) significantly decreased alpha diversity, and all AS treatments increased the abundance of the genus Achromobacter. After the sixth-generational exposure to CYC, weight increased, but reproduction was inhibited. The pathways that changed significantly (e.g., extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, lysosome) were generally similar to those altered in first-generational exposure, but with opposite regulation directions. Furthermore, the effect on the alpha diversity of gut microbiota was contrary to that after first-generational exposure, and more noticeable disturbances in microbiota composition were observed. These findings underscore the ecological risk of AS in soils and improve our understanding of the toxicity effects of AS on living organisms.

Published
2024
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50. Fluctuating ecological networks: a synthesis of maximum-entropy approaches for pattern detection and process inference

Author

Caruso, Tancredi, Clemente, Giulio Virginio, Rillig, Matthias C, and Garlaschelli, Diego

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

Ecological networks such as plant-pollinator systems and food webs vary in space and time. This variability includes fluctuations in global network properties such as total number and intensity of interactions but also in the local properties of individual nodes such as the number and intensity of species-level interactions. Fluctuations of species properties can significantly affect higher-order network features, e.g. robustness and nestedness. Local fluctuations should therefore be controlled for in applications that rely on null models, especially pattern and perturbation detection. By contrast, most randomization methods for null models used by ecologists treat node-level local properties as hard constraints that cannot fluctuate. Here, we synthesise a set of methods that resolves the limit of hard constraints and is based on statistical mechanics. We illustrate the methods with some practical examples making available open source computer codes. We clarify how this approach can be used by experimental ecologists to detect non-random network patterns with null models that not only rewire but also redistribute interaction strengths by allowing fluctuations in the null model constraints (soft constraints). Null modelling of species heterogeneity through local fluctuations around typical topological and quantitative constraints offers a statistically robust and expanded (e.g. quantitative null models) set of tools to understand the assembly and resilience of ecological networks., Comment: submitted

Published
2021
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