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173 results on '"Ringbauer, Harald"'

1. Social and genetic diversity in first farmers of central Europe

Author

Gelabert, Pere, Bickle, Penny, Hofmann, Daniela, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Anders, Alexandra, Huang, Xin, Hämmerle, Michelle, Olalde, Iñigo, Fournier, Romain, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Lazaridis, Iosif, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Fernandes, Daniel M., Buttinger, Katharina, Callan, Kim, Candilio, Francesca, Bravo Morante, Guillermo, Curtis, Elizabeth, Ferry, Matthew, Keating, Denise, Freilich, Suzanne, Kearns, Aisling, Harney, Éadaoin, Lawson, Ann Marie, Mandl, Kirsten, Michel, Megan, Oberreiter, Victoria, Zagorc, Brina, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Sawyer, Susanna, Schattke, Constanze, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Qiu, Lijun, Workman, J. Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Mallick, Swapan, Mah, Matthew, Micco, Adam, Pieler, Franz, Pavuk, Juraj, Šefčáková, Alena, Lazar, Catalin, Starović, Andrej, Djuric, Marija, Krznarić Škrivanko, Maja, Šlaus, Mario, Bedić, Željka, Novotny, Friederike, D. Szabó, László, Cserpák-Laczi, Orsolya, Hága, Tamara, Szolnoki, László, Hajdú, Zsigmond, Mirea, Pavel, Nagy, Emese Gyöngyvér, Virág, Zsuzsanna M., Horváth M., Attila, Horváth, László András, T. Biró, Katalin, Domboróczki, László, Szeniczey, Tamás, Jakucs, János, Szelekovszky, Márta, Zoltán, Farkas, Sztáncsuj, Sándor József, Tóth, Krisztián, Csengeri, Piroska, Pap, Ildikó, Patay, Róbert, Putica, Anđelka, Vasov, Branislav, Havasi, Bálint, Sebők, Katalin, Raczky, Pál, Lovász, Gabriella, Tvrdý, Zdeněk, Rohland, Nadin, Novak, Mario, Ruttkay, Matej, Krošláková, Maria, Bátora, Jozef, Paluch, Tibor, Borić, Dušan, Dani, János, Kuhlwilm, Martin, Palamara, Pier Francesco, Hajdu, Tamás, Pinhasi, Ron, and Reich, David

Published
2024
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2. Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe

Author

Gretzinger, Joscha, Schmitt, Felicitas, Mötsch, Angela, Carlhoff, Selina, Lamnidis, Thiseas Christos, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Knipper, Corina, Francken, Michael, Mandt, Franziska, Hansen, Leif, Freund, Cäcilia, Posth, Cosimo, Rathmann, Hannes, Harvati, Katerina, Wieland, Günther, Granehäll, Lena, Maixner, Frank, Zink, Albert, Schier, Wolfram, Krausse, Dirk, Krause, Johannes, and Schiffels, Stephan

Published
2024
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4. Medieval DNA from Soqotra points to Eurasian origins of an isolated population at the crossroads of Africa and Arabia

Author

Sirak, Kendra, Jansen Van Rensburg, Julian, Brielle, Esther, Chen, Bowen, Lazaridis, Iosif, Ringbauer, Harald, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Micco, Adam, Rohland, Nadin, Callan, Kimberly, Curtis, Elizabeth, Kearns, Aisling, Lawson, Ann Marie, Workman, J. Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Ahmed Al-Orqbi, Ahmed Saeed, Ahmed Salem, Esmail Mohammed, Salem Hasan, Ali Mohammed, Britton, Daniel Charles, and Reich, David

Published
2024
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7. Extensive pedigrees reveal the social organization of a Neolithic community

Author

Rivollat, Maïté, Rohrlach, Adam Benjamin, Ringbauer, Harald, Childebayeva, Ainash, Mendisco, Fanny, Barquera, Rodrigo, Szolek, András, Le Roy, Mélie, Colleran, Heidi, Tuke, Jonathan, Aron, Franziska, Pemonge, Marie-Hélène, Späth, Ellen, Télouk, Philippe, Rey, Léonie, Goude, Gwenaëlle, Balter, Vincent, Krause, Johannes, Rottier, Stéphane, Deguilloux, Marie-France, and Haak, Wolfgang

Published
2023
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8. Early contact between late farming and pastoralist societies in southeastern Europe

Author

Penske, Sandra, Rohrlach, Adam B., Childebayeva, Ainash, Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido, Schmid, Clemens, Spyrou, Maria A., Neumann, Gunnar U., Atanassova, Nadezhda, Beutler, Katrin, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Bruyako, Igor, Chohadzhiev, Alexander, Govedarica, Blagoje, Karaucak, Mehmet, Krauss, Raiko, Leppek, Maleen, Manzura, Igor, Privat, Karen, Ross, Shawn, Slavchev, Vladimir, Sobotkova, Adéla, Toderaş, Meda, Valchev, Todor, Ringbauer, Harald, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Hansen, Svend, Krause, Johannes, and Haak, Wolfgang

Published
2023
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9. Ancient genomes from the Himalayas illuminate the genetic history of Tibetans and their Tibeto-Burman speaking neighbors

Author

Liu, Chi-Chun, Witonsky, David, Gosling, Anna, Lee, Ju Hyeon, Ringbauer, Harald, Hagan, Richard, Patel, Nisha, Stahl, Raphaela, Novembre, John, Aldenderfer, Mark, Warinner, Christina, Di Rienzo, Anna, and Jeong, Choongwon

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Adaptation, Physiological, Altitude, Genome, History, Ancient, Humans, Nepal, Tibet
Abstract

Present-day Tibetans have adapted both genetically and culturally to the high altitude environment of the Tibetan Plateau, but fundamental questions about their origins remain unanswered. Recent archaeological and genetic research suggests the presence of an early population on the Plateau within the past 40 thousand years, followed by the arrival of subsequent groups within the past 10 thousand years. Here, we obtain new genome-wide data for 33 ancient individuals from high elevation sites on the southern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, who we show are most closely related to present-day Tibetans. They derive most of their ancestry from groups related to Late Neolithic populations at the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau but also harbor a minor genetic component from a distinct and deep Paleolithic Eurasian ancestry. In contrast to their Tibetan neighbors, present-day non-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman speakers living at mid-elevations along the southern and eastern margins of the Plateau form a genetic cline that reflects a distinct genetic history. Finally, a comparison between ancient and present-day highlanders confirms ongoing positive selection of high altitude adaptive alleles.

Published
2022

10. The genomic history of the indigenous people of the Canary Islands

Author

Serrano, Javier G., Ordóñez, Alejandra C., Santana, Jonathan, Sánchez-Cañadillas, Elías, Arnay, Matilde, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Amelia, Morales, Jacob, Velasco-Vázquez, Javier, Alberto-Barroso, Verónica, Delgado-Darias, Teresa, de Mercadal, M. Carmen Cruz, Hernández, Juan Carlos, Moreno-Benítez, Marco A., Pais, Jorge, Ringbauer, Harald, Sikora, Martin, McColl, Hugh, Pino-Yanes, Maria, Ferrer, Mariano Hernández, Bustamante, Carlos D., and Fregel, Rosa

Published
2023
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11. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, de Pablo, Javier Fernández-López, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Published
2023
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12. Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean

Author

Skourtanioti, Eirini, Ringbauer, Harald, Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Bianco, Raffaela Angelina, Burri, Marta, Freund, Cäcilia, Furtwängler, Anja, Gomes Martins, Nuno Filipe, Knolle, Florian, Neumann, Gunnar U., Tiliakou, Anthi, Agelarakis, Anagnostis, Andreadaki-Vlazaki, Maria, Betancourt, Philip, Hallager, Birgitta P., Jones, Olivia A., Kakavogianni, Olga, Kanta, Athanasia, Karkanas, Panagiotis, Kataki, Efthymia, Kissas, Konstantinos, Koehl, Robert, Kvapil, Lynne, Maran, Joseph, McGeorge, Photini J. P., Papadimitriou, Alkestis, Papathanasiou, Anastasia, Papazoglou-Manioudaki, Lena, Paschalidis, Kostas, Polychronakou-Sgouritsa, Naya, Preve, Sofia, Prevedorou, Eleni-Anna, Price, Gypsy, Protopapadaki, Eftychia, Schmidt-Schultz, Tyede, Schultz, Michael, Shelton, Kim, Wiener, Malcolm H., Krause, Johannes, Jeong, Choongwon, and Stockhammer, Philipp W.

Published
2023
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13. Increased rate of close-kin unions in the central Andes in the half millennium before European contact

Author

Ringbauer, Harald, Steinrücken, Matthias, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, and Reich, David

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, DNA, Ancient, History, Ancient, History, Medieval, Humans, Inbreeding, Reproduction, South America, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Psychology
Abstract

Analyzing ancient DNA of the central Andes, Ringbauer and colleagues identify a markedly elevated rate of unions of closely related parents after ca. 1000 CE. This change of mating preferences sheds new light on a unique system of social organization based on ancestry ("ayllu") whereby within-group unions were preferred to facilitate sharing of resources.

Published
2020

14. Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century

Author

Waldman, Shamam, Backenroth, Daniel, Harney, Éadaoin, Flohr, Stefan, Neff, Nadia C., Buckley, Gina M., Fridman, Hila, Akbari, Ali, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Olalde, Iñigo, Cooper, Leo, Lomes, Ariel, Lipson, Joshua, Cano Nistal, Jorge, Yu, Jin, Barzilai, Nir, Peter, Inga, Atzmon, Gil, Ostrer, Harry, Lencz, Todd, Maruvka, Yosef E., Lämmerhirt, Maike, Beider, Alexander, Rutgers, Leonard V., Renson, Virginie, Prufer, Keith M., Schiffels, Stephan, Ringbauer, Harald, Sczech, Karin, Carmi, Shai, and Reich, David

Published
2022
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15. Demographic inference for spatially heterogeneous populations using long shared haplotypes

Author

Forien, Raphael, Ringbauer, Harald, and Coop, Graham

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

We introduce a modified spatial $\Lambda$-Fleming-Viot process to model the ancestry of individuals in a population occupying a continuous spatial habitat divided into two areas by a sharp discontinuity of the dispersal rate and effective population density. We derive an analytical formula for the expected number of shared haplotype segments between two individuals depending on their sampling locations. This formula involves the transition density of a skew diffusion which appears as a scaling limit of the ancestral lineages of individuals in this model. We then show that this formula can be used to infer the dispersal parameters and the effective population density of both regions, using a composite likelihood approach, and we demonstrate the efficiency of this method on a range of simulated data sets.

Published
2017

17. Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Author

Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Altena, Eveline, Bernardos, Rebecca, Brace, Selina, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Candilio, Francesca, Culleton, Brendan, Curtis, Elizabeth, Demetz, Lea, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Fernandes, Daniel M., Foody, M. George B., Freilich, Suzanne, Goodchild, Helen, Kearns, Aisling, Lawson, Ann Marie, Lazaridis, Iosif, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Workman, J. Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Amkreutz, Luc, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Bonsall, Clive, Bradley, Pippa, Brittain, Marcus, Brookes, Alison, Brown, Fraser, Brown, Lisa, Brunning, Richard, Budd, Chelsea, Burmaz, Josip, Canet, Sylvain, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Coppa, Alfredo, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W., Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Dobisíková, Miluše, Domboróczki, László, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Fokkens, Harry, Fowler, Chris, Fox, Allison, Gallina, Zsolt, Gamble, Michelle, González Morales, Manuel R., González-Rabanal, Borja, Green, Adrian, Gyenesei, Katalin, Habermehl, Diederick, Hajdu, Tamás, Hamilton, Derek, Harris, James, Hayden, Chris, Hendriks, Joep, Hernu, Bénédicte, Hey, Gill, Horňák, Milan, Ilon, Gábor, Istvánovits, Eszter, Jones, Andy M., Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A., Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Kootker, Lisette M., Kovács, Péter F., Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Loe, Louise, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Maxted, Andy, McIntyre, Lauren, McKinley, Jacqueline, McSweeney, Kathleen, Meijlink, Bernard, Mende, Balázs G., Menđušić, Marko, Metlička, Milan, Meyer, Sophie, Mihovilić, Kristina, Milasinovic, Lidija, Minnitt, Steve, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Pilling, Zoltán, Price, T. Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T., Richards, Martin B., Roberts, Amy, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Šefčáková, Alena, Sheridan, Alison, Skae, Sabine, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Somogyi, Krisztina, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Stephens, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Szeniczey, Tamás, Tabor, Jonathan, Tankó, Károly, Maria, Clenis Tavarez, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F., Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, Zaninović, Joško, Žitňan, Andrej, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G., Kennett, Douglas J., Cunliffe, Barry, Lillie, Malcolm, Rohland, Nadin, Pinhasi, Ron, Armit, Ian, and Reich, David

Published
2022
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20. Author Correction: Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, de Pablo, Javier Fernández-López, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Published
2023
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21. Inferring Recent Demography from Isolation by Distance of Long Shared Sequence Blocks

Author

Ringbauer, Harald, Coop, Graham, and Barton, Nicholas H

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Europe, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Human, Human Migration, Humans, Models, Genetic, Pedigree, Polymorphism, Genetic, White People, demographic inference, identity by descent, isolation by distance, dispersal rate, effective population size, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

Recently it has become feasible to detect long blocks of nearly identical sequence shared between pairs of genomes. These identity-by-descent (IBD) blocks are direct traces of recent coalescence events and, as such, contain ample signal to infer recent demography. Here, we examine sharing of such blocks in two-dimensional populations with local migration. Using a diffusion approximation to trace genetic ancestry, we derive analytical formulas for patterns of isolation by distance of IBD blocks, which can also incorporate recent population density changes. We introduce an inference scheme that uses a composite-likelihood approach to fit these formulas. We then extensively evaluate our theory and inference method on a range of scenarios using simulated data. We first validate the diffusion approximation by showing that the theoretical results closely match the simulated block-sharing patterns. We then demonstrate that our inference scheme can accurately and robustly infer dispersal rate and effective density, as well as bounds on recent dynamics of population density. To demonstrate an application, we use our estimation scheme to explore the fit of a diffusion model to Eastern European samples in the Population Reference Sample data set. We show that ancestry diffusing with a rate of [Formula: see text] during the last centuries, combined with accelerating population growth, can explain the observed exponential decay of block sharing with increasing pairwise sample distance.

Published
2017

22. A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean

Author

Fernandes, Daniel M., Sirak, Kendra A., Ringbauer, Harald, Sedig, Jakob, Rohland, Nadin, Cheronet, Olivia, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Olalde, Iñigo, Culleton, Brendan J., Adamski, Nicole, Bernardos, Rebecca, Bravo, Guillermo, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Candilio, Francesca, Demetz, Lea, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Eccles, Laurie, Freilich, Suzanne, George, Richard J., Lawson, Ann Marie, Mandl, Kirsten, Marzaioli, Fabio, McCool, Weston C., Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdogan, Kadir T., Schattke, Constanze, Schmidt, Ryan, Stewardson, Kristin, Terrasi, Filippo, Zalzala, Fatma, Antúnez, Carlos Arredondo, Canosa, Ercilio Vento, Colten, Roger, Cucina, Andrea, Genchi, Francesco, Kraan, Claudia, La Pastina, Francesco, Lucci, Michaela, Maggiolo, Marcio Veloz, Marcheco-Teruel, Beatriz, Maria, Clenis Tavarez, Martínez, Christian, París, Ingeborg, Pateman, Michael, Simms, Tanya M., Sivoli, Carlos Garcia, Vilar, Miguel, Kennett, Douglas J., Keegan, William F., Coppa, Alfredo, Lipson, Mark, Pinhasi, Ron, and Reich, David

Published
2021
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24. Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia

Author

Sirak, Kendra A., Fernandes, Daniel M., Lipson, Mark, Mallick, Swapan, Mah, Matthew, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohland, Nadin, Hadden, Carla S., Harney, Éadaoin, Adamski, Nicole, Bernardos, Rebecca, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Ferry, Matthew, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Stewardson, Kristin, Zalzala, Fatma, Patterson, Nick, Pinhasi, Ron, Thompson, Jessica C., Van Gerven, Dennis, and Reich, David

Published
2021
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26. Social and genetic diversity among the first farmers of Central Europe

Author

Gelabert, Pere, primary, Bickle, Penny, additional, Hofmann, Daniela, additional, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, additional, Anders, Alexandra, additional, Huang, Xin, additional, Olalde, Iñigo, additional, Fournier, Romain, additional, Ringbauer, Harald, additional, Akbari, Ali, additional, Cheronet, Olivia, additional, Lazaridis, Iosif, additional, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, additional, Fernandes, Daniel M., additional, Buttinger, Katharina, additional, Callan, Kim, additional, Candilio, Francesca, additional, Bravo, Guillermo, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth, additional, Ferry, Matthew, additional, Keating, Denise, additional, Freilich, Suzanne, additional, Kearns, Aisling, additional, Harney, Éadaoin, additional, Lawson, Ann Marie, additional, Mandl, Kirsten, additional, Michel, Megan, additional, Oberreiter, Victoria, additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Sawyer, Susanna, additional, Schattke, Constanze, additional, Ozdogan, Kadir Toykan, additional, Hämmerle, Michelle, additional, Qiu, Lijun, additional, Workman, Noah, additional, Zalzala, Fatma, additional, Mallick, Swapan, additional, Mah, Matthew, additional, Micco, Adam, additional, Pieler, Franz, additional, Pavuk, Juraj, additional, Lazar, Catalin, additional, Paluch, Tibor, additional, Škrivanko, Maja Krznarić, additional, Šlaus, Mario, additional, Bedić, Željka, additional, Novotny, Friederike, additional, Szabó, László D., additional, Cserpák-Laczi, Orsolya, additional, Hága, Tamara, additional, Hajdú, Zsigmond, additional, Mirea, Pavel, additional, Nagy, Emese Gyöngyvér, additional, Virág, Zsuzsanna M., additional, Horváth, Attila M., additional, Horváth, László András, additional, Biró, Katalin T., additional, Domboróczki, László, additional, Szeniczey, Tamás, additional, Jakucs, János, additional, Szelekovszky, Márta, additional, Zoltán, Farkas, additional, Sztáncsuj, Sándor, additional, Tóth, Krisztián, additional, Csengeri, Piroska, additional, Pap, Ildikó, additional, Patay, Róbert, additional, Putica, Anđelka, additional, Vasov, Branislav, additional, Havasi, Bálint, additional, Sebők, Katalin, additional, Raczky, Pál, additional, Lovász, Gabriella, additional, Tvrdý, Zdeněk, additional, Rohland, Nadin, additional, Novak, Mario, additional, Ruttkay, Matej, additional, Boric, Dusan, additional, Dani, János, additional, Kuhlwilm, Martin, additional, Palamara, Pier Francesco, additional, Hajdu, Tamás, additional, Pinhasi, Ron, additional, and Reich, David, additional

Published
2023
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27. Genetic history from the Middle Neolithic to present on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia

Author

Marcus, Joseph H., Posth, Cosimo, Ringbauer, Harald, Lai, Luca, Skeates, Robin, Sidore, Carlo, Beckett, Jessica, Furtwängler, Anja, Olivieri, Anna, Chiang, Charleston W. K., Al-Asadi, Hussein, Dey, Kushal, Joseph, Tyler A., Liu, Chi-Chun, Der Sarkissian, Clio, Radzevičiūtė, Rita, Michel, Megan, Gradoli, Maria Giuseppina, Marongiu, Patrizia, Rubino, Salvatore, Mazzarello, Vittorio, Rovina, Daniela, La Fragola, Alessandra, Serra, Rita Maria, Bandiera, Pasquale, Bianucci, Raffaella, Pompianu, Elisa, Murgia, Clizia, Guirguis, Michele, Orquin, Rosana Pla, Tuross, Noreen, van Dommelen, Peter, Haak, Wolfgang, Reich, David, Schlessinger, David, Cucca, Francesco, Krause, Johannes, and Novembre, John

Published
2020
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29. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, Fernández‐López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda, Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emmy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Bayle, Priscilla, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, van der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Garcia, Géraldine, Leuvrey, Jean-Michel, Garcia, Coralie Bay, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, Połtowicz-Bobak, Marta, Bobak, Dariusz, Le Luyer, Mona, Storm, Paul, Hoffmann, Claudia, Kabaciński, Jacek, Filimonova, Tatiana, Shnaider, Svetlana, Berezina, Natalia, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Polet, Caroline, Jadin, Ivan, Cauwe, Nicolas, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Cottiaux, Richard, Clark, Geoffrey, Straus, Lawrence G., Julien, Marie-Anne, Renhart, Silvia, Talaa, Dorothea, Benazzi, Stefano, Romandini, Matteo, Amkreutz, Luc, Bocherens, Hervé, Wißing, Christoph, Villotte, Sébastien, Fernández‐López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Bodu, Pierre, Smits, Liesbeth, Souffi, Bénédicte, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Kozakaitė, Justina, Cupillard, Christophe, Benthien, Hartmut, Wehrberger, Kurt, Schmitz, Ralf W., Feine, Susanne C., Schüler, Tim, Thevenet, Corinne, Grigorescu, Dan, Lüth, Friedrich, Kotula, Andreas, Piezonka, Henny, Schopper, Franz, Svoboda, Jiří, Sázelová, Sandra, Chizhevsky, Andrey, Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Conard, Nicholas J., Valentin, Frédérique, Harvati, Katerina, Semal, Patrick, Jungklaus, Bettina, Suvorov, Alexander, Schulting, Rick, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Terberger, Thomas, Caramelli, David, Altena, Eveline, Haak, Wolfgang, and Krause, Johannes

Abstract

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.

Published
2023

30. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Author

Max Planck Society, European Research Council, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, Van Der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Baye, Priscilla, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Straus, Lawrence G., Fernández-López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio, Max Planck Society, European Research Council, Posth, Cosimo, Yu, He, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Huang, Yilei, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohrlach, Adam B., Nägele, Kathrin, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Radzeviciute, Rita, Ferraz, Tiago, Stoessel, Alexander, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Drucker, Dorothée G., Lari, Martina, Modi, Alessandra, Vai, Stefania, Saupe, Tina, Scheib, Christiana L., Catalano, Giulio, Pagani, Luca, Talamo, Sahra, Fewlass, Helen, Klaric, Laurent, Morala, André, Rué, Mathieu, Madelaine, Stéphane, Crépin, Laurent, Caverne, Jean-Baptiste, Bocaege, Emy, Ricci, Stefano, Boschin, Francesco, Maureille, Bruno, Le Brun-Ricalens, Foni, Bordes, Jean-Guillaume, Oxilia, Gregorio, Bortolini, Eugenio, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Debout, Grégory, Orliac, Michel, Zazzo, Antoine, Sparacello, Vitale, Starnini, Elisabetta, Sineo, Luca, Van Der Plicht, Johannes, Pecqueur, Laure, Merceron, Gildas, Baye, Priscilla, Gómez-Olivencia, Asier, González-Rabanal, Borja, González Morales, Manuel R., Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., López, Belén, Alonso-Llamazares, Carmen, Soler, Joaquim, Coromina, Neus, Rufí, Isaac, Straus, Lawrence G., Fernández-López de Pablo, Javier, Gómez-Puche, Magdalena, and Esquembre-Bebia, Marco Aurelio

Abstract

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.

Published
2023

31. Demographic inference for spatially heterogeneous populations using long shared haplotypes

Author

Forien, Raphael, Ringbauer, Harald, and Coop, Graham

Subjects
Probability (math.PR), FOS: Mathematics, Quantitative Biology::Genomics, Mathematics - Probability, Article
Abstract

We introduce a modified spatial $\Lambda$-Fleming-Viot process to model the ancestry of individuals in a population occupying a continuous spatial habitat divided into two areas by a sharp discontinuity of the dispersal rate and effective population density. We derive an analytical formula for the expected number of shared haplotype segments between two individuals depending on their sampling locations. This formula involves the transition density of a skew diffusion which appears as a scaling limit of the ancestral lineages of individuals in this model. We then show that this formula can be used to infer the dispersal parameters and the effective population density of both regions, using a composite likelihood approach, and we demonstrate the efficiency of this method on a range of simulated data sets.

Published
2023

33. Isotopic and DNA analyses reveal multiscale PPNB mobility and migration across Southeastern Anatolia and the Southern Levant

Author

Wang, Xiaoran, primary, Skourtanioti, Eirini, additional, Benz, Marion, additional, Gresky, Julia, additional, Ilgner, Jana, additional, Lucas, Mary, additional, Morsch, Michael, additional, Peters, Joris, additional, Pöllath, Nadja, additional, Ringbauer, Harald, additional, le Roux, Petrus, additional, Schultz, Michael, additional, Krause, Johannes, additional, Roberts, Patrick, additional, and Stockhammer, Philipp W., additional

Published
2023
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35. The diverse genetic origins of a Classical period Greek army

Author

Reitsema, Laurie J., primary, Mittnik, Alissa, additional, Kyle, Britney, additional, Catalano, Giulio, additional, Fabbri, Pier Francesco, additional, Kazmi, Adam C. S., additional, Reinberger, Katherine L., additional, Sineo, Luca, additional, Vassallo, Stefano, additional, Bernardos, Rebecca, additional, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, additional, Callan, Kim, additional, Candilio, Francesca, additional, Cheronet, Olivia, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth, additional, Fernandes, Daniel, additional, Lari, Martina, additional, Lawson, Ann Marie, additional, Mah, Matthew, additional, Mallick, Swapan, additional, Mandl, Kirsten, additional, Micco, Adam, additional, Modi, Alessandra, additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Özdogan, Kadir Toykan, additional, Rohland, Nadin, additional, Stewardson, Kristin, additional, Vai, Stefania, additional, Vergata, Chiara, additional, Workman, J. Noah, additional, Zalzala, Fatma, additional, Zaro, Valentina, additional, Achilli, Alessandro, additional, Anagnostopoulos, Achilles, additional, Capelli, Cristian, additional, Constantinou, Varnavas, additional, Lancioni, Hovirag, additional, Olivieri, Anna, additional, Papadopoulou, Anastasia, additional, Psatha, Nikoleta, additional, Semino, Ornella, additional, Stamatoyannopoulos, John, additional, Valliannou, Ioanna, additional, Yannaki, Evangelia, additional, Lazaridis, Iosif, additional, Patterson, Nick, additional, Ringbauer, Harald, additional, Caramelli, David, additional, Pinhasi, Ron, additional, and Reich, David, additional

Published
2022
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36. The genomic history and global expansion of domestic donkeys

Author

Todd, Evelyn T., primary, Tonasso-Calvière, Laure, additional, Chauvey, Loreleï, additional, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, additional, Fages, Antoine, additional, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, additional, Clavel, Pierre, additional, Khan, Naveed, additional, Pérez Pardal, Lucía, additional, Patterson Rosa, Laura, additional, Librado, Pablo, additional, Ringbauer, Harald, additional, Verdugo, Marta, additional, Southon, John, additional, Aury, Jean-Marc, additional, Perdereau, Aude, additional, Vila, Emmanuelle, additional, Marzullo, Matilde, additional, Prato, Ornella, additional, Tecchiati, Umberto, additional, Bagnasco Gianni, Giovanna, additional, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, additional, Tinè, Vincenzo, additional, Alhaique, Francesca, additional, Cardoso, João Luís, additional, Valente, Maria João, additional, Telles Antunes, Miguel, additional, Frantz, Laurent, additional, Shapiro, Beth, additional, Bradley, Daniel G., additional, Boulbes, Nicolas, additional, Gardeisen, Armelle, additional, Horwitz, Liora Kolska, additional, Öztan, Aliye, additional, Arbuckle, Benjamin S., additional, Onar, Vedat, additional, Clavel, Benoît, additional, Lepetz, Sébastien, additional, Vahdati, Ali Akbar, additional, Davoudi, Hossein, additional, Mohaseb, Azadeh, additional, Mashkour, Marjan, additional, Bouchez, Olivier, additional, Donnadieu, Cécile, additional, Wincker, Patrick, additional, Brooks, Samantha A., additional, Beja-Pereira, Albano, additional, Wu, Dong-Dong, additional, and Orlando, Ludovic, additional

Published
2022
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37. Kinship practices in the early state El Argar society from Bronze Age Iberia

Author

Zoología y biología celular animal, Zoologia eta animalia zelulen biologia, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete Herrada, Cristina, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, Inés María, Childebayeva, Anesh, Ringbauer, Harald, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Puello Mora, Catherine, Valério, Miguel, Krause, Johannes, Llul Santiago, Vicente, Micó Pérez, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, Haak, Wolfgang, Zoología y biología celular animal, Zoologia eta animalia zelulen biologia, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete Herrada, Cristina, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, Inés María, Childebayeva, Anesh, Ringbauer, Harald, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Puello Mora, Catherine, Valério, Miguel, Krause, Johannes, Llul Santiago, Vicente, Micó Pérez, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, and Haak, Wolfgang

Abstract

The Early Bronze Age in Europe is characterized by social and genetic transformations, starting in the early 3rd millennium BCE. New settlement and funerary structures, artifacts and techniques indicate times of change with increasing economic asymmetries and political hierarchization. Technological advances in metallurgy also played an important role, facilitating trade and exchange networks, which became tangible in higher levels of mobility and connectedness. Archeogenetic studies have revealed a substantial transformation of the genetic ancestry around this time, ultimately linked to the expansion of steppe- and forest steppe pastoralists from Eastern Europe. Evidence for emerging infectious diseases such as Yersinia pestis adds further complexity to these tumultuous and transformative times. The El Argar complex in southern Iberia marks the genetic turnover in southwestern Europe ~ 2200 BCE that accompanies profound changes in the socio-economic structure of the region. To answer the question of who was buried in the emblematic double burials of the El Argar site La Almoloya, we integrated results from biological relatedness analyses and archaeological funerary contexts and refined radiocarbon-based chronologies from 68 individuals. We find that the El Argar society was virilocally and patrilineally organized and practiced reciprocal female exogamy, supported by pedigrees that extend up to five generations along the paternal line. Synchronously dated adult males and females from double tombs were found to be unrelated mating partners, whereby the incoming females reflect socio-political alliances among El Argar groups. In three cases these unions had common offspring, while paternal half-siblings also indicate serial monogamy or polygyny.

Published
2022

38. Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century

Author

Zoología y biología celular animal, Zoologia eta animalia zelulen biologia, Waldman, Shamam, Backenroth, Daniel, Harney, Eadaoin, Flohr, Stefan, Neff, Nadia C., Buckley, Gina M., Fridman, Hila, Akbari, Ali, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Cooper, Leo, Lomes, Ariel, Lipson, Joshua, Cano Nistal, Jorge, Yu, Jin, Barzilai, Nir, Peter, Inga, Atzmon, Gil, Ostrer, Harry, Lencz, Todd, Maruvka, Yosef E., Lammerhirt, Maike, Beider, Alexander, Rutgers, Leonard V., Renson, Virginie, Prufer, Keith M., Schiffels, Stephan, Ringbauer, Harald, Sczech, Karin, Carmi, Shai, Reich, David, Zoología y biología celular animal, Zoologia eta animalia zelulen biologia, Waldman, Shamam, Backenroth, Daniel, Harney, Eadaoin, Flohr, Stefan, Neff, Nadia C., Buckley, Gina M., Fridman, Hila, Akbari, Ali, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Cooper, Leo, Lomes, Ariel, Lipson, Joshua, Cano Nistal, Jorge, Yu, Jin, Barzilai, Nir, Peter, Inga, Atzmon, Gil, Ostrer, Harry, Lencz, Todd, Maruvka, Yosef E., Lammerhirt, Maike, Beider, Alexander, Rutgers, Leonard V., Renson, Virginie, Prufer, Keith M., Schiffels, Stephan, Ringbauer, Harald, Sczech, Karin, Carmi, Shai, and Reich, David

Abstract

We report genome-wide data from 33 Ashkenazi Jews (AJ), dated to the 14th century, obtained following a salvage excavation at the medieval Jewish cemetery of Erfurt, Germany. The Erfurt individuals are genet-ically similar to modern AJ, but they show more variability in Eastern European-related ancestry than mod-ern AJ. A third of the Erfurt individuals carried a mitochondrial lineage common in modern AJ and eight carried pathogenic variants known to affect AJ today. These observations, together with high levels of runs of homozygosity, suggest that the Erfurt community had already experienced the major reduction in size that affected modern AJ. The Erfurt bottleneck was more severe, implying substructure in medieval AJ. Overall, our results suggest that the AJ founder event and the acquisition of the main sources of ancestry pre-dated the 14th century and highlight late medieval genetic heterogeneity no longer present in modern AJ.

Published
2022

39. Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Author

European Research Council, Croatian Science Foundation, Ministry of Culture (Czech Republic), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Leverhulme Trust, Culture Vannin, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Institutes of Health (US), John Templeton Foundation, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Šefčáková, Alena, Curtis, Elizabeth, Sheridan, Alison, Glenis Tavarez Maria, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Brunning, Richard, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F., Lawson, Ann Marie, Fowler, Chris, Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, González Morales, Manuel R., Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Budd, Chelsea, Fox, Allison, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, González-Rabanal, Borja, Zaninović, Joško, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Gallina, Zsolt, Žitňan, Andrej, McSweeney, Kathleen, Burmaz, Josip, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G, Kennett, Douglas J., Cunliffe, Barry, Hernu, Bénédicte, Green, Adrian, Lillie, Malcolm, Lazaridis, Iosif, Rohland, Nadin, Canet, Sylvain, Fernandes, Daniel M, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Hey, Gill, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Habermehl, Diederick, Meijlink, Bernard, Harris, James, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Horňák, Milan, Workman, J Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Mende, Balazs G., Amkreutz, Luc, Skae, Sabine, Hajdu, Tamás, Ilon, Gábor, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Menđušić, Marko, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Stephens, Mark, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Bonsall, Clive, Hamilton, Derek, Bradley, Pippa, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Metlička, Milan, Coppa, Alfredo, Istvánovits, Eszter, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Hayden, Chris, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, Meyer, Sophie, Milasinovic, Lidija, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W, Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Somogyi, Krisztina, Dobisíková, Miluše, Altena, Eveline, Domboróczki, László, Pinhasi, Ron, Mihovilić, Kristina, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Jones, Andy M, Fokkens, Harry, Callan, Kimberly, Hendriks, Joep, Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A, Bernardos, Rebecca, Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Armit, Ian, Tabor, Jonathan, Kootker, Lisette M, Kovács, Péter F, Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Brace, Selina, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Reich, David, Loe, Louise, Brittain, Marcus, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Foody, M George B, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Maxted, Andy, Minnitt, Steve, McIntyre, Lauren, Szeniczey, Tamás, McKinley, Jacqueline, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Freilich, Suzanne, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Candilio, Francesca, Brookes, Alison, Demetz, Lea, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Goodchild, Helen, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Brown, Fraser, Pilling, Zoltán, Gamble, Michelle, Culleton, Brendan, Kearns, Aisling, Price, T. Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T, Richards, Martin B, Roberts, Amy, Brown, Lisa, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Gyenesei, Katalin, Tankó, Károly, European Research Council, Croatian Science Foundation, Ministry of Culture (Czech Republic), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Leverhulme Trust, Culture Vannin, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), National Institutes of Health (US), John Templeton Foundation, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Šefčáková, Alena, Curtis, Elizabeth, Sheridan, Alison, Glenis Tavarez Maria, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Brunning, Richard, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F., Lawson, Ann Marie, Fowler, Chris, Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, González Morales, Manuel R., Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Budd, Chelsea, Fox, Allison, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, González-Rabanal, Borja, Zaninović, Joško, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Gallina, Zsolt, Žitňan, Andrej, McSweeney, Kathleen, Burmaz, Josip, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G, Kennett, Douglas J., Cunliffe, Barry, Hernu, Bénédicte, Green, Adrian, Lillie, Malcolm, Lazaridis, Iosif, Rohland, Nadin, Canet, Sylvain, Fernandes, Daniel M, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Hey, Gill, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Habermehl, Diederick, Meijlink, Bernard, Harris, James, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Horňák, Milan, Workman, J Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Mende, Balazs G., Amkreutz, Luc, Skae, Sabine, Hajdu, Tamás, Ilon, Gábor, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Menđušić, Marko, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Stephens, Mark, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Bonsall, Clive, Hamilton, Derek, Bradley, Pippa, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Metlička, Milan, Coppa, Alfredo, Istvánovits, Eszter, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Hayden, Chris, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, Meyer, Sophie, Milasinovic, Lidija, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W, Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Somogyi, Krisztina, Dobisíková, Miluše, Altena, Eveline, Domboróczki, László, Pinhasi, Ron, Mihovilić, Kristina, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Jones, Andy M, Fokkens, Harry, Callan, Kimberly, Hendriks, Joep, Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A, Bernardos, Rebecca, Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Armit, Ian, Tabor, Jonathan, Kootker, Lisette M, Kovács, Péter F, Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Brace, Selina, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Reich, David, Loe, Louise, Brittain, Marcus, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Foody, M George B, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Maxted, Andy, Minnitt, Steve, McIntyre, Lauren, Szeniczey, Tamás, McKinley, Jacqueline, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Freilich, Suzanne, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Candilio, Francesca, Brookes, Alison, Demetz, Lea, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Goodchild, Helen, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Brown, Fraser, Pilling, Zoltán, Gamble, Michelle, Culleton, Brendan, Kearns, Aisling, Price, T. Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T, Richards, Martin B, Roberts, Amy, Brown, Lisa, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Gyenesei, Katalin, and Tankó, Károly

Abstract

Present-day people from England and Wales have more ancestry derived from early European farmers (EEF) than did people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, here we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and western and central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of people of England and Wales from the Iron Age, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to the Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and the independent genetic trajectory in Britain is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to approximately 50% by this time compared to approximately 7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.

Published
2022

41. Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century

Author

Waldman, Shamam, primary, Backenroth, Daniel, additional, Harney, Éadaoin, additional, Flohr, Stefan, additional, Neff, Nadia C., additional, Buckley, Gina M., additional, Fridman, Hila, additional, Akbari, Ali, additional, Rohland, Nadin, additional, Mallick, Swapan, additional, Nistal, Jorge Cano, additional, Yu, Jin, additional, Barzilai, Nir, additional, Peter, Inga, additional, Atzmon, Gil, additional, Ostrer, Harry, additional, Lencz, Todd, additional, Maruvka, Yosef E., additional, Lämmerhirt, Maike, additional, Rutgers, Leonard V., additional, Renson, Virginie, additional, Prufer, Keith M., additional, Schiffels, Stephan, additional, Ringbauer, Harald, additional, Sczech, Karin, additional, Carmi, Shai, additional, and Reich, David, additional

Published
2022
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42. Explorer les structures sociales néolithiques grâce à la structure génétique de deux grandes familles à Gurgy “les Noisats”, France

Author

Rivollat, Maïté, primary, Ringbauer, Harald, additional, Ben Rohrlach, Adam, additional, Childebayeva, Ainash, additional, Le Roy, Mélie, additional, Rey, Léonie, additional, Goude, Gwenaëlle, additional, Balter, Vincent, additional, Rottier, Stéphane, additional, Deguilloux, Marie-France, additional, and Haak, Wolfgang, additional

Published
2021
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43. Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Author

Patterson, Nick, primary, Isakov, Michael, additional, Booth, Thomas, additional, Büster, Lindsey, additional, Fischer, Claire-Elise, additional, Olalde, Iñigo, additional, Ringbauer, Harald, additional, Akbari, Ali, additional, Cheronet, Olivia, additional, Bleasdale, Madeleine, additional, Adamski, Nicole, additional, Altena, Eveline, additional, Bernardos, Rebecca, additional, Brace, Selina, additional, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, additional, Callan, Kimberly, additional, Candilio, Francesca, additional, Culleton, Brendan, additional, Curtis, Elizabeth, additional, Demetz, Lea, additional, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, additional, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., additional, Fernandes, Daniel M., additional, Foody, M. George B., additional, Freilich, Suzanne, additional, Goodchild, Helen, additional, Kearns, Aisling, additional, Lawson, Ann Marie, additional, Lazaridis, Iosif, additional, Mah, Matthew, additional, Mallick, Swapan, additional, Mandl, Kirsten, additional, Micco, Adam, additional, Michel, Megan, additional, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, additional, Qiu, Lijun, additional, Schattke, Constanze, additional, Stewardson, Kristin, additional, Workman, J. Noah, additional, Zalzala, Fatma, additional, Zhang, Zhao, additional, Agustí, Bibiana, additional, Allen, Tim, additional, Almássy, Katalin, additional, Amkreutz, Luc, additional, Ash, Abigail, additional, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, additional, Barclay, Alistair, additional, Bartosiewicz, László, additional, Baxter, Katherine, additional, Bernert, Zsolt, additional, Blažek, Jan, additional, Bodružić, Mario, additional, Boissinot, Philippe, additional, Bonsall, Clive, additional, Bradley, Pippa, additional, Brittain, Marcus, additional, Brookes, Alison, additional, Brown, Fraser, additional, Brown, Lisa, additional, Brunning, Richard, additional, Budd, Chelsea, additional, Burmaz, Josip, additional, Canet, Sylvain, additional, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, additional, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, additional, Chamberlain, Andrew, additional, Chauvin, Sébastien, additional, Clough, Sharon, additional, Čondić, Natalija, additional, Coppa, Alfredo, additional, Craig, Oliver, additional, Črešnar, Matija, additional, Cummings, Vicki, additional, Czifra, Szabolcs, additional, Danielisová, Alžběta, additional, Daniels, Robin, additional, Davies, Alex, additional, de Jersey, Philip, additional, Deacon, Jody, additional, Deminger, Csilla, additional, Ditchfield, Peter W., additional, Dizdar, Marko, additional, Dobeš, Miroslav, additional, Dobisíková, Miluše, additional, Domboróczki, László, additional, Drinkall, Gail, additional, Đukić, Ana, additional, Ernée, Michal, additional, Evans, Christopher, additional, Evans, Jane, additional, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, additional, Filipović, Slavica, additional, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, additional, Fokkens, Harry, additional, Fowler, Chris, additional, Fox, Allison, additional, Gallina, Zsolt, additional, Gamble, Michelle, additional, González Morales, Manuel R., additional, González-Rabanal, Borja, additional, Green, Adrian, additional, Gyenesei, Katalin, additional, Habermehl, Diederick, additional, Hajdu, Tamás, additional, Hamilton, Derek, additional, Harris, James, additional, Hayden, Chris, additional, Hendriks, Joep, additional, Hernu, Bénédicte, additional, Hey, Gill, additional, Horňák, Milan, additional, Ilon, Gábor, additional, Istvánovits, Eszter, additional, Jones, Andy M., additional, Kavur, Martina Blečić, additional, Kazek, Kevin, additional, Kenyon, Robert A., additional, Khreisheh, Amal, additional, Kiss, Viktória, additional, Kleijne, Jos, additional, Knight, Mark, additional, Kootker, Lisette M., additional, Kovács, Péter F., additional, Kozubová, Anita, additional, Kulcsár, Gabriella, additional, Kulcsár, Valéria, additional, Le Pennec, Christophe, additional, Legge, Michael, additional, Leivers, Matt, additional, Loe, Louise, additional, López-Costas, Olalla, additional, Lord, Tom, additional, Los, Dženi, additional, Lyall, James, additional, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B., additional, Mason, Philip, additional, Matošević, Damir, additional, Maxted, Andy, additional, McIntyre, Lauren, additional, McKinley, Jacqueline, additional, McSweeney, Kathleen, additional, Meijlink, Bernard, additional, Mende, Balázs G., additional, Menđušić, Marko, additional, Metlička, Milan, additional, Meyer, Sophie, additional, Mihovilić, Kristina, additional, Milasinovic, Lidija, additional, Minnitt, Steve, additional, Moore, Joanna, additional, Morley, Geoff, additional, Mullan, Graham, additional, Musilová, Margaréta, additional, Neil, Benjamin, additional, Nicholls, Rebecca, additional, Novak, Mario, additional, Pala, Maria, additional, Papworth, Martin, additional, Paresys, Cécile, additional, Patten, Ricky, additional, Perkić, Domagoj, additional, Pesti, Krisztina, additional, Petit, Alba, additional, Petriščáková, Katarína, additional, Pichon, Coline, additional, Pickard, Catriona, additional, Pilling, Zoltán, additional, Price, T. Douglas, additional, Radović, Siniša, additional, Redfern, Rebecca, additional, Resutík, Branislav, additional, Rhodes, Daniel T., additional, Richards, Martin B., additional, Roberts, Amy, additional, Roefstra, Jean, additional, Sankot, Pavel, additional, Šefčáková, Alena, additional, Sheridan, Alison, additional, Skae, Sabine, additional, Šmolíková, Miroslava, additional, Somogyi, Krisztina, additional, Somogyvári, Ágnes, additional, Stephens, Mark, additional, Szabó, Géza, additional, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, additional, Szeniczey, Tamás, additional, Tabor, Jonathan, additional, Tankó, Károly, additional, Maria, Clenis Tavarez, additional, Terry, Rachel, additional, Teržan, Biba, additional, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, additional, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F., additional, Trapp, Julien, additional, Turle, Ross, additional, Ujvári, Ferenc, additional, van der Heiden, Menno, additional, Veleminsky, Petr, additional, Veselka, Barbara, additional, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, additional, Waddington, Clive, additional, Ware, Paula, additional, Wilkinson, Paul, additional, Wilson, Linda, additional, Wiseman, Rob, additional, Young, Eilidh, additional, Zaninović, Joško, additional, Žitňan, Andrej, additional, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, additional, de Knijff, Peter, additional, Barnes, Ian, additional, Halkon, Peter, additional, Thomas, Mark G., additional, Kennett, Douglas J., additional, Cunliffe, Barry, additional, Lillie, Malcolm, additional, Rohland, Nadin, additional, Pinhasi, Ron, additional, Armit, Ian, additional, and Reich, David, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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46. Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Author

Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Altena, Eveline, Bernardos, Rebecca, Brace, Selina, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Candilio, Francesca, Culleton, Brendan, Curtis, Elizabeth, Demetz, Lea, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Fernandes, Daniel M, Foody, M George B, Freilich, Suzanne, Goodchild, Helen, Kearns, Aisling, Lawson, Ann Marie, Lazaridis, Iosif, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Workman, J Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Amkreutz, Luc, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Bonsall, Clive, Bradley, Pippa, Brittain, Marcus, Brookes, Alison, Brown, Fraser, Brown, Lisa, Brunning, Richard, Budd, Chelsea, Burmaz, Josip, Canet, Sylvain, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Coppa, Alfredo, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W, Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Dobisíková, Miluše, Domboróczki, László, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Fokkens, Harry, Fowler, Chris, Fox, Allison, Gallina, Zsolt, Gamble, Michelle, González Morales, Manuel R, González-Rabanal, Borja, Green, Adrian, Gyenesei, Katalin, Habermehl, Diederick, Hajdu, Tamás, Hamilton, Derek, Harris, James, Hayden, Chris, Hendriks, Joep, Hernu, Bénédicte, Hey, Gill, Horňák, Milan, Ilon, Gábor, Istvánovits, Eszter, Jones, Andy M, Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A, Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Kootker, Lisette M, Kovács, Péter F, Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Loe, Louise, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B, Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Maxted, Andy, McIntyre, Lauren, McKinley, Jacqueline, McSweeney, Kathleen, Meijlink, Bernard, Mende, Balázs G, Menđušić, Marko, Metlička, Milan, Meyer, Sophie, Mihovilić, Kristina, Milasinovic, Lidija, Minnitt, Steve, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Pilling, Zoltán, Price, T Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T, Richards, Martin B, Roberts, Amy, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Šefčáková, Alena, Sheridan, Alison, Skae, Sabine, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Somogyi, Krisztina, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Stephens, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Szeniczey, Tamás, Tabor, Jonathan, Tankó, Károly, Maria, Clenis Tavarez, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F, Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, Zaninović, Joško, Žitňan, Andrej, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G, Kennett, Douglas J, Cunliffe, Barry, Lillie, Malcolm, Rohland, Nadin, Pinhasi, Ron, Armit, Ian, Reich, David, Patterson, Nick, Isakov, Michael, Booth, Thomas, Büster, Lindsey, Fischer, Claire-Elise, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Akbari, Ali, Cheronet, Olivia, Bleasdale, Madeleine, Adamski, Nicole, Altena, Eveline, Bernardos, Rebecca, Brace, Selina, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Candilio, Francesca, Culleton, Brendan, Curtis, Elizabeth, Demetz, Lea, Carlson, Kellie Sara Duffett, Fernandes, Daniel M, Foody, M George B, Freilich, Suzanne, Goodchild, Helen, Kearns, Aisling, Lawson, Ann Marie, Lazaridis, Iosif, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Mandl, Kirsten, Micco, Adam, Michel, Megan, Morante, Guillermo Bravo, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Qiu, Lijun, Schattke, Constanze, Stewardson, Kristin, Workman, J Noah, Zalzala, Fatma, Zhang, Zhao, Agustí, Bibiana, Allen, Tim, Almássy, Katalin, Amkreutz, Luc, Ash, Abigail, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Barclay, Alistair, Bartosiewicz, László, Baxter, Katherine, Bernert, Zsolt, Blažek, Jan, Bodružić, Mario, Boissinot, Philippe, Bonsall, Clive, Bradley, Pippa, Brittain, Marcus, Brookes, Alison, Brown, Fraser, Brown, Lisa, Brunning, Richard, Budd, Chelsea, Burmaz, Josip, Canet, Sylvain, Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Chamberlain, Andrew, Chauvin, Sébastien, Clough, Sharon, Čondić, Natalija, Coppa, Alfredo, Craig, Oliver, Črešnar, Matija, Cummings, Vicki, Czifra, Szabolcs, Danielisová, Alžběta, Daniels, Robin, Davies, Alex, de Jersey, Philip, Deacon, Jody, Deminger, Csilla, Ditchfield, Peter W, Dizdar, Marko, Dobeš, Miroslav, Dobisíková, Miluše, Domboróczki, László, Drinkall, Gail, Đukić, Ana, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Ernée, Michal, Evans, Christopher, Evans, Jane, Fernández-Götz, Manuel, Filipović, Slavica, Fitzpatrick, Andrew, Fokkens, Harry, Fowler, Chris, Fox, Allison, Gallina, Zsolt, Gamble, Michelle, González Morales, Manuel R, González-Rabanal, Borja, Green, Adrian, Gyenesei, Katalin, Habermehl, Diederick, Hajdu, Tamás, Hamilton, Derek, Harris, James, Hayden, Chris, Hendriks, Joep, Hernu, Bénédicte, Hey, Gill, Horňák, Milan, Ilon, Gábor, Istvánovits, Eszter, Jones, Andy M, Kavur, Martina Blečić, Kazek, Kevin, Kenyon, Robert A, Khreisheh, Amal, Kiss, Viktória, Kleijne, Jos, Knight, Mark, Kootker, Lisette M, Kovács, Péter F, Kozubová, Anita, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Kulcsár, Valéria, Le Pennec, Christophe, Legge, Michael, Leivers, Matt, Loe, Louise, López-Costas, Olalla, Lord, Tom, Los, Dženi, Lyall, James, Marín-Arroyo, Ana B, Mason, Philip, Matošević, Damir, Maxted, Andy, McIntyre, Lauren, McKinley, Jacqueline, McSweeney, Kathleen, Meijlink, Bernard, Mende, Balázs G, Menđušić, Marko, Metlička, Milan, Meyer, Sophie, Mihovilić, Kristina, Milasinovic, Lidija, Minnitt, Steve, Moore, Joanna, Morley, Geoff, Mullan, Graham, Musilová, Margaréta, Neil, Benjamin, Nicholls, Rebecca, Novak, Mario, Pala, Maria, Papworth, Martin, Paresys, Cécile, Patten, Ricky, Perkić, Domagoj, Pesti, Krisztina, Petit, Alba, Petriščáková, Katarína, Pichon, Coline, Pickard, Catriona, Pilling, Zoltán, Price, T Douglas, Radović, Siniša, Redfern, Rebecca, Resutík, Branislav, Rhodes, Daniel T, Richards, Martin B, Roberts, Amy, Roefstra, Jean, Sankot, Pavel, Šefčáková, Alena, Sheridan, Alison, Skae, Sabine, Šmolíková, Miroslava, Somogyi, Krisztina, Somogyvári, Ágnes, Stephens, Mark, Szabó, Géza, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Szeniczey, Tamás, Tabor, Jonathan, Tankó, Károly, Maria, Clenis Tavarez, Terry, Rachel, Teržan, Biba, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Torres-Martínez, Jesús F, Trapp, Julien, Turle, Ross, Ujvári, Ferenc, van der Heiden, Menno, Veleminsky, Petr, Veselka, Barbara, Vytlačil, Zdeněk, Waddington, Clive, Ware, Paula, Wilkinson, Paul, Wilson, Linda, Wiseman, Rob, Young, Eilidh, Zaninović, Joško, Žitňan, Andrej, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, de Knijff, Peter, Barnes, Ian, Halkon, Peter, Thomas, Mark G, Kennett, Douglas J, Cunliffe, Barry, Lillie, Malcolm, Rohland, Nadin, Pinhasi, Ron, Armit, Ian, and Reich, David

Abstract

Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age . To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange . There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period. [Abstract copyright: © 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.]

Published
2021

47. Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia

Author

National Science Foundation (US), John Templeton Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Sirak, Kendra, Fernandes, Daniel, Lipson, Mark, Mallick, Swapan, Mah, Matthew, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohland, Nadin, Hadden, Carla S., Harney, Éadaoin, Adamski, Nicole, Bernardos, Rebecca, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Matthew, Ferry, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Stweardson, Krstin, Zalzala, Fatma, Patterson, Nick, Pinhasi, Ron, Thompson, Jessica C., Gerven, Dennis van, Reich, David, National Science Foundation (US), John Templeton Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Sirak, Kendra, Fernandes, Daniel, Lipson, Mark, Mallick, Swapan, Mah, Matthew, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohland, Nadin, Hadden, Carla S., Harney, Éadaoin, Adamski, Nicole, Bernardos, Rebecca, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Matthew, Ferry, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Stweardson, Krstin, Zalzala, Fatma, Patterson, Nick, Pinhasi, Ron, Thompson, Jessica C., Gerven, Dennis van, and Reich, David

Abstract

Relatively little is known about Nubia’s genetic landscape prior to the influence of the Islamic migrations that began in the late 1st millennium CE. Here, we increase the number of ancient individuals with genome-level data from the Nile Valley from three to 69, reporting data for 66 individuals from two cemeteries at the Christian Period (~650–1000 CE) site of Kulubnarti, where multiple lines of evidence suggest social stratification. The Kulubnarti Nubians had ~43% Nilotic-related ancestry (individual variation between ~36–54%) with the remaining ancestry consistent with being introduced through Egypt and ultimately deriving from an ancestry pool like that found in the Bronze and Iron Age Levant. The Kulubnarti gene pool – shaped over a millennium – harbors disproportionately female-associated West Eurasian-related ancestry. Genetic similarity among individuals from the two cemeteries supports a hypothesis of social division without genetic distinction. Seven pairs of inter-cemetery relatives suggest fluidity between cemetery groups. Present-day Nubians are not directly descended from the Kulubnarti Nubians, attesting to additional genetic input since the Christian Period.

Published
2021

48. Genome-wide analysis of nearly all the victims of a 6200 year old massacre

Author

Croatian Science Foundation, Fundación la Caixa, National Institutes of Health (US), John Templeton Foundation, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Novak, Mario, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohland, Nadin, Ahern, James, Balen, Jacqueline, Janković, Ivor, Potrebica, Hrvoje, Pinhasi, Ron, Reich, David, Croatian Science Foundation, Fundación la Caixa, National Institutes of Health (US), John Templeton Foundation, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Novak, Mario, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohland, Nadin, Ahern, James, Balen, Jacqueline, Janković, Ivor, Potrebica, Hrvoje, Pinhasi, Ron, and Reich, David

Abstract

Paleogenomic and bioanthropological studies of ancient massacres have highlighted sites where the victims were male and plausibly died all in battle, or were executed members of the same family as might be expected from a killing intentionally directed at subsets of a community, or where the massacred individuals were plausibly members of a migrant community in conflict with previously established groups, or where there was evidence that the killing was part of a religious ritual. Here we provide evidence of killing on a massive scale in prehistory that was not directed to a specific family, based on genome-wide ancient DNA for 38 of the 41 documented victims of a 6,200 year old massacre in Potočani, Croatia and combining our results with bioanthropological data. We highlight three results: (i) the majority of individuals were unrelated and instead were a sample of what was clearly a large farming population, (ii) the ancestry of the individuals was homogenous which makes it unlikely that the massacre was linked to the arrival of new genetic ancestry, and (iii) there were approximately equal numbers of males and females. Combined with the bioanthropological evidence that the victims were of a wide range of ages, these results show that large-scale indiscriminate killing is a horror that is not just a feature of the modern and historic periods, but was also a significant process in pre-state societies.

Published
2021

49. A genetic history of the pre-contact Caribbean

Author

National Geographic Society, Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, National Science Foundation (US), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, John Templeton Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fernandes, Daniel, Sirak, Kendra, Ringbauer, Harald, Sedig, Jakob, Rohland, Nadin, Cheronet, Olivia, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Olalde, Iñigo, Culleton, Brendan J., Adamski, Nicole, Bernardos, Rebecca, Bravo, Guillermo, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Candilio, Francesca, Demetz, Lea, Duffett Carlson, Kellie Sara, Eccles, Laurie, Freilich, Suzanne, George, Richard J., Lawson, Ann Marie, Mandl, Kirsten, Marzaioli, Fabio, McCool, Weston C., Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir T., Schattke, Constanze, Schmidt, Ryan, Stewardson, Kristin, Terrasi, Filippo, Zalzala, Fatma, Arredondo Antúnez, Carlos, Vento Canosa, Ercilio, Colten, Roger, Cucina, Andrea, Genchi, Francesco, Kraan, Claudia, La Pastina, Francesco, Lucci, Michaela, Veloz Maggiolo, Marcio, Marcheco-Teruel, Beatriz, Tavarez Maria, Clenis, Martínez, Christian, París, Ingeborg, Pateman, Michael, Simms, Tanya M., García Sivoli, Carlos, Vilar, Miguel, Kennett, Douglas J., Keegan, William F., Coppa, Alfredo, Lipson, Mark, Pinhasi, Ron, Reich, David, National Geographic Society, Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, National Science Foundation (US), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US), Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, John Templeton Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fernandes, Daniel, Sirak, Kendra, Ringbauer, Harald, Sedig, Jakob, Rohland, Nadin, Cheronet, Olivia, Mah, Matthew, Mallick, Swapan, Olalde, Iñigo, Culleton, Brendan J., Adamski, Nicole, Bernardos, Rebecca, Bravo, Guillermo, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Candilio, Francesca, Demetz, Lea, Duffett Carlson, Kellie Sara, Eccles, Laurie, Freilich, Suzanne, George, Richard J., Lawson, Ann Marie, Mandl, Kirsten, Marzaioli, Fabio, McCool, Weston C., Oppenheimer, Jonas, Özdoğan, Kadir T., Schattke, Constanze, Schmidt, Ryan, Stewardson, Kristin, Terrasi, Filippo, Zalzala, Fatma, Arredondo Antúnez, Carlos, Vento Canosa, Ercilio, Colten, Roger, Cucina, Andrea, Genchi, Francesco, Kraan, Claudia, La Pastina, Francesco, Lucci, Michaela, Veloz Maggiolo, Marcio, Marcheco-Teruel, Beatriz, Tavarez Maria, Clenis, Martínez, Christian, París, Ingeborg, Pateman, Michael, Simms, Tanya M., García Sivoli, Carlos, Vilar, Miguel, Kennett, Douglas J., Keegan, William F., Coppa, Alfredo, Lipson, Mark, Pinhasi, Ron, and Reich, David

Abstract

Humans settled the Caribbean about 6,000 years ago, and ceramic use and intensified agriculture mark a shift from the Archaic to the Ceramic Age at around 2,500 years ago1,2,3. Here we report genome-wide data from 174 ancient individuals from The Bahamas, Haiti and the Dominican Republic (collectively, Hispaniola), Puerto Rico, Curaçao and Venezuela, which we co-analysed with 89 previously published ancient individuals. Stone-tool-using Caribbean people, who first entered the Caribbean during the Archaic Age, derive from a deeply divergent population that is closest to Central and northern South American individuals; contrary to previous work4, we find no support for ancestry contributed by a population related to North American individuals. Archaic-related lineages were >98% replaced by a genetically homogeneous ceramic-using population related to speakers of languages in the Arawak family from northeast South America; these people moved through the Lesser Antilles and into the Greater Antilles at least 1,700 years ago, introducing ancestry that is still present. Ancient Caribbean people avoided close kin unions despite limited mate pools that reflect small effective population sizes, which we estimate to be a minimum of 500–1,500 and a maximum of 1,530–8,150 individuals on the combined islands of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola in the dozens of generations before the individuals who we analysed lived. Census sizes are unlikely to be more than tenfold larger than effective population sizes, so previous pan-Caribbean estimates of hundreds of thousands of people are too large5,6. Confirming a small and interconnected Ceramic Age population7, we detect 19 pairs of cross-island cousins, close relatives buried around 75 km apart in Hispaniola and low genetic differentiation across islands. Genetic continuity across transitions in pottery styles reveals that cultural changes during the Ceramic Age were not driven by migration of genetically differentiated groups from the main

Published
2021

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