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Indexación: Scopus. Gold nanorods are highly reactive, have a large surface-to-volume ratio, and can be functionalized with biomolecules. Gold nanorods can absorb infrared electromagnetic radiation, which is subsequently dispersed as local heat. Gold nanoparticles can be used as powerful tools for the diagnosis and therapy of different diseases. To improve the biological barrier permeation of nanoparticles with low cytotoxicity, in this study, we conjugated gold nanorods with cell-penetrating peptides (oligoarginines) and with the amphipathic peptide CLPFFD. Methods: We studied the interaction of the functionalized gold nanorods with biological membrane models (liposomes) by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and the Langmuir balance. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects on cell viability and permeability with an MTS assay and TEM. Results and Discussion: The interaction study by DLS, the Langmuir balance and cryo-TEM support that GNR-Arg7 CLPFFD enhances the interactions between GNRs and biological membranes. In addition, cells treated with GNR-Arg7 CLPFFD internalized 80% more nanoparticles than cells treated with GNR alone and did not induce cell damage. Conclusion: Our results indicate that incorporation of an amphipathic sequence into oligoarginines for the functionalization of gold nanorods enhances biological membrane nanoparticle interactions and nanoparticle cell permeability with respect to nanorods functionalized with oligoarginine. Overall, functionalized gold nanorods with amphipathic arginine rich peptides might be candidates for improving drug delivery by facilitating biological barrier permeation. https://www.dovepress.com/improving-cell-penetration-of-gold-nanorods-by-using-an-amphipathic-ar-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN

Objetivo: Conocer la evolucion clinica global y de sintomas postraumaticos en mujeres enfrentadas al terremoto del 27-F que se encontraban en tratamiento por depresion severa en el Hospital de Curico. Metodologia: 75 mujeres en tratamiento por depresion severa fueron evaluadas a contar del primer dia habil post-catastrofe. Conforme a la CIE-10, se determino clinicamente estres agudo (EA) durante el primer mes y postraumatico (TEPT) a los seis meses. El uso rutinario de la escala de impresion clinica global (CGI) permitio monitorear el estado clinico desde antes del terremoto. La escala de 8 items para la evaluacion del trastorno de estres post-traumatico (TOP-8) fue aplicada al primer y sexto mes post-desastre. Resultados: Las prevalencias encontradas fueron: EA 58,7% y TEPT 53,3%. Se observo deterioro significativo en CGI al primer mes post- evento (χ2 = 3,88; p = 0,05) y una ostensible mejoria a los seis meses (χ2 = 4,65; p = 0,04). No mejoraron significativamente los sintomas postraumaticos. Estados mas graves inmediatamente despues del terremoto se asociaron significativamente a EA (χ2 = 13,794; p = 0,008) y a desarrollo posterior de TEPT (χ2 = 16,437; p = 0,002). Estados mas graves a los seis meses se correlacionaron significativamente con EA previo (χ2 = 15,849; p = 0,003), TEPT χ2 = 17,780; p = 0,001) y antecedentes de trauma infantil (χ2 = 18,431;p = 0,01). Conclusiones: Luego del agravamiento clinico inicial post-terremoto, a los seis meses no mejoraron significativamente los sintomas postraumaticos de las pacientes, pero mejoro la CGI y no se observo un aumento de conductas suicidas. El antecedente de trauma infantil se asocio a un deterioro significativo de la CGI a los seis meses post-terremoto.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a risk factorfor developing secondary post-traumatic stress disorder. The earthquake on February 27th, 2010, destroyed the Hospital of Curico. Despite the prevailing chaos, patients in treatment for severe depression actively maintained their treatment from the first post-earthquake workingday AIM: To determine prevalence of acute stress (AS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the earthquake amongwomen in treatment for severe depression. Material and METHODS: Seventy five women aged 20 to 73 years in treatment for depression for at least six months before the oceurrence of the earthquake, who continued in follow up after the event, were studied. According to the Tenth International Classification ofDiseases, thefrequency ofAS was assessed duringthe consultation oceurring one month after the event and thefrequency ofPTSD was assessed during the consultation oceurring six months after the event. RESULTS: Fifty nine percent of women hadAS symptoms at thefirst month and 53.3% had PTSD, six months later. AS was signifi cantly associated with a low educational level. PTSD was significantly associated with prior oceurrence of AS and a history of childhood trauma history. CONCLUSIONS: A high frequeney ofPTSD was observed in thisgroup of depressive patients, which was significantly associated with a history ofprevious AS and childhood trauma. Language: es

La leucemia es el cáncer más frecuente en niños menores de 15 años y corresponde aproximadamente al 35-40% de todos los cánceres a esa edad. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia entre los 2 y 5 años de edad y la forma más frecuente es la leucemia linfoblástica aguda, que corresponde al 80% de los casos. Las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio pueden ser inicialmente inespecíficas. El estudio imagenológico en pacientes con dolor óseo y compromiso extramedular, puede entregar valiosa información complementaria al clínico cuando los primeros síntomas derivan de la infiltración de los tejidos y el compromiso de las series hematológicas es discreto y asintomático. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar las manifestaciones radiológicas iniciales de la leucemia en el niño. Considerando que es una enfermedad sistémica, el objetivo es identificar los elementos claves en el estudio de los distintos órganos comprometidos, que permitan al radiólogo sospechar el diagnóstico en la etapa precoz de la enfermedad. No se revisarán las alteraciones de la fase tardía o de complicaciones del tratamiento, como osteonecrosis, infecciones por gérmenes oportunistas, enfermedad de injerto vs. huésped, etc., donde la resonancia magnética (RM) y la tomografía computada (TC) juegan un rol fundamental.

Objetivo: Conocer la evolución clínica global y de síntomas postraumáticos en mujeres enfrentadas al terremoto del 27-F que se encontraban en tratamiento por depresión severa en el Hospital de Curicó. Metodología: 75 mujeres en tratamiento por depresión severa fueron evaluadas a contar del primer día hábil post-catástrofe. Conforme a la CIE-10, se determinó clínicamente estrés agudo (EA) durante el primer mes y postraumático (TEPT) a los seis meses. El uso rutinario de la escala de impresión clínica global (CGI) permitió monitorear el estado clínico desde antes del terremoto. La escala de 8 ítems para la evaluación del trastorno de estrés post-traumático (TOP-8) fue aplicada al primer y sexto mes post-desastre. Resultados: Las prevalencias encontradas fueron: EA 58,7% y TEPT 53,3%. Se observó deterioro significativo en CGI al primer mes post- evento (χ² = 3,88; p = 0,05) y una ostensible mejoría a los seis meses (χ² = 4,65; p = 0,04). No mejoraron significativamente los síntomas postraumáticos. Estados más graves inmediatamente después del terremoto se asociaron significativamente a EA (χ² = 13,794; p = 0,008) y a desarrollo posterior de TEPT (χ² = 16,437; p = 0,002). Estados más graves a los seis meses se correlacionaron significativamente con EA previo (χ² = 15,849; p = 0,003), TEPT χ² = 17,780; p = 0,001) y antecedentes de trauma infantil (χ² = 18,431;p = 0,01). Conclusiones: Luego del agravamiento clínico inicial post-terremoto, a los seis meses no mejoraron significativamente los síntomas postraumáticos de las pacientes, pero mejoró la CGI y no se observó un aumento de conductas suicidas. El antecedente de trauma infantil se asoció a un deterioro significativo de la CGI a los seis meses post-terremoto.

Background: Depression is a risk factorfor developing secondary post-traumatic stress disorder. The earthquake on February 27th, 2010, destroyed the Hospital of Curicó. Despite the prevailing chaos, patients in treatment for severe depression actively maintained their treatment from the first post-earthquake workingday Aim: To determine prevalence of acute stress (AS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the earthquake amongwomen in treatment for severe depression. Material and Methods: Seventy five women aged 20 to 73 years in treatment for depression for at least six months before the oceurrence of the earthquake, who continued in follow up after the event, were studied. According to the Tenth International Classification ofDiseases, thefrequency ofAS was assessed duringthe consultation oceurring one month after the event and thefrequency ofPTSD was assessed during the consultation oceurring six months after the event. Results: Fifty nine percent of women hadAS symptoms at thefirst month and 53.3% had PTSD, six months later. AS was signifi cantly associated with a low educational level. PTSD was significantly associated with prior oceurrence of AS and a history of childhood trauma history. Conclusions: A high frequeney ofPTSD was observed in thisgroup of depressive patients, which was significantly associated with a history ofprevious AS and childhood trauma.

Depression is a risk factor for developing secondary post-traumatic stress disorder. The earthquake on February 27th, 2010, destroyed the Hospital of Curicó. Despite the prevailing chaos, patients in treatment for severe depression actively maintained their treatment from the first post-earthquake working dayTo determine prevalence of acute stress (AS) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the earthquake among women in treatment for severe depression.Seventy five women aged 20 to 73 years in treatment for depression for at least six months before the oceurrence of the earthquake, who continued in follow up after the event, were studied. According to the Tenth International Classification of Diseases, the frequency of AS was assessed during the consultation oceurring one month after the event and the frequency of PTSD was assessed during the consultation oceurring six months after the event.Fifty nine percent of women had AS symptoms at the first month and 53.3% had PTSD, six months later. AS was significantly associated with a low educational level. PTSD was significantly associated with prior oceurrence of AS and a history of childhood trauma history.A high frequeney of PTSD was observed in this group of depressive patients, which was significantly associated with a history of previous AS and childhood trauma.

La leucemia es el cáncer más frecuente en niños menores de 15 años y corresponde aproximadamente al 35-40% de todos los cánceres a esa edad. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia entre los 2 y 5 años de edad y la forma más frecuente es la leucemia linfoblástica aguda, que corresponde al 80% de los casos. Las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio pueden ser inicialmente inespecíficas. El estudio imagenológico en pacientes con dolor óseo y compromiso extramedular, puede entregar valiosa información complementaria al clínico cuando los primeros síntomas derivan de la infiltración de los tejidos y el compromiso de las series hematológicas es discreto y asintomático. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar las manifestaciones radiológicas iniciales de la leucemia en el niño. Considerando que es una enfermedad sistémica, el objetivo es identificar los elementos claves en el estudio de los distintos órganos comprometidos, que permitan al radiólogo sospechar el diagnóstico en la etapa precoz de la enfermedad. No se revisarán las alteraciones de la fase tardía o de complicaciones del tratamiento, como osteonecrosis, infecciones por gérmenes oportunistas, enfermedad de injerto vs. huésped, etc., donde la resonancia magnética (RM) y la tomografía computada (TC) juegan un rol fundamental. Leukemia is the most commonly encountered cancer in children under the age of 15 and accounts for approximately 35-40% of all cancers at that age. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia affecting young children between the ages of 2 and 5 years; it accounts for around 80 % of all childhood leukemia cases. Initial clinical and laboratory findings may be non-specific. Imaging studies in patients with bone pain and extramedullary involvement may provide the clinician with valuable supplementary information when the first symptoms result from tissue infiltration and haematological series show a discrete and asymptomatic involvement. The purpose of this work is to review the initial radiological manifestations of leukemia in children. Given the systemic nature of this disease, the goal is to identify the key elements found in the study of the different affected organs, in order to facilitate an early diagnosis of this condition. Late-stage alterations or treatment complications, such as osteonecrosis, infections by opportunistic pathogens, graft-versus-host disease, etc. -where magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) play a fundamental role- will not be reviewed.

Methylation is an inactivation mechanism for tumor suppressor genes, that can have important clinical implications.To analyze the methylation status of 11 tumor suppressor genes in pathological samples of diffuse gastric cancer.Eighty three patients with diffuse gastric cancer with information about survival and infection with Epstein Barr virus, were studied. DNA was extracted from pathological slides and the methylation status of genes p14, p15, p16, APC, p73, FHIT, E-cadherin, SEMA3B, BRCA-1, MINT-2 y MGMT, was studied using sodium bisulphite modification and polymerase chain reaction. Results were grouped according to the methylation index or Hierarchical clustering (TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer).Three genes had a high frequency of methylation (FHIT, BRCA1, APC), four had an intermediate frequency (p15, MGMT, p14, MINT2) and four had a low frequency (p16, p73, E-cadherin, SEMA3B). The methylation index had no association with clinical or pathological features of tumors or patients survival. Hierarchical clustering generated two clusters. One grouped clinical and pathological features with FHIT, BRCA1, and APC and the other grouped the other eight genes and Epstein Barr virus infection. Two significant associations were found, between APC and survival and p16/p14 and Epstein Barr virus infection.Hierarchical clustering is a tool that identifies associations between clinical and pathological features of tumors and methylation of tumor suppressor genes.

Background:Methylation is an inactivation mechanism for tumor suppressor genes, that can have important clinical implications. Aim: To analyze the methylation status of 11 tumor suppressor genes in pathological samples of diffuse gastric cancer. Material and methods: Eighty three patients with diffuse gastric cancer with information about survival and infection with Epstein Barr virus, were studied. DNA was extracted from pathological slides and the methylation status of genes p14, p15, p16, APC, p73, FHIT, E-caderin, SEMA3B, BRCA-1, MINT-2 y MGMT, was studied using sodium bisulphite modification and polymerase chain reaction. Results were grouped according to the methylation index or Hierarchical clustering (TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer). Results: Three genes had a high frequency of methylation (FHIT, BRCA1, APC), four had an intermediate frequency (p15, MGMT, p14, MINT2) and four had a low frequency (p16, p73, E-cadherin, SEMA3B). The methylation index had no association with clinical or pathological features of tumors or patients survival. Hierarchical clustering generated two clusters. One grouped clinical and pathological features with FHIT, BRCA1, and APC and the other grouped the other eight genes and Epstein Barr virus infection. Two significant associations were found, between APC and survival and p16/p14 and Epstein Barr virus infection. Conclusions: Hierarchical clustering is a tool that identifies associations between clinical and pathological features of tumors and methylation of tumor suppressor genes

Background:Methylation is an inactivation mechanism for tumor suppressor genes, that can have important clinical implications. Aim: To analyze the methylation status of 11 tumor suppressor genes in pathological samples of diffuse gastric cancer. Material and methods: Eighty three patients with diffuse gastric cancer with information about survival and infection with Epstein Barr virus, were studied. DNA was extracted from pathological slides and the methylation status of genes p14, p15, p16, APC, p73, FHIT, E-caderin, SEMA3B, BRCA-1, MINT-2 y MGMT, was studied using sodium bisulphite modification and polymerase chain reaction. Results were grouped according to the methylation index or Hierarchical clustering (TIGR MultiExperiment Viewer). Results: Three genes had a high frequency of methylation (FHIT, BRCA1, APC), four had an intermediate frequency (p15, MGMT, p14, MINT2) and four had a low frequency (p16, p73, E-cadherin, SEMA3B). The methylation index had no association with clinical or pathological features of tumors or patients survival. Hierarchical clustering generated two clusters. One grouped clinical and pathological features with FHIT, BRCA1, and APC and the other grouped the other eight genes and Epstein Barr virus infection. Two significant associations were found, between APC and survival and p16/p14 and Epstein Barr virus infection. Conclusions: Hierarchical clustering is a tool that identifies associations between clinical and pathological features of tumors and methylation of tumor suppressor genes

Background: Endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary are associated to endometriosis. Somatic mutations of PTEN (10q23.3) are present in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. Therefore, these mutations could be also present in ovarian tumors. Molecular studies show that solitary endometriotic cysts are monoclonal, have aneuploid DNA, have a loss of 9p,11q and 22q heterozygosity (LOH) and a higher cellular proliferation index of the epithelial component. Aim: To determine the cellular proliferation index using Ki 67, the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN and LOH in patients with ovarian endometriosis without atypia (EN), ovarian endometriosis with atypia (EA) and endometriosis with adjacent ovarian carcinoma (ET). Material and methods: Paraffin embedded samples of 37 endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas of the ovary (CC/CE), 15 solitary ovarian EN and 15 ovarian EA, were studied. Expression of Ki 67 and PTEN was measured by immunohistochemistry. LOH of 10q23.3 locus was measured by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Ki 67 was 5.5 and 2.3% in EA and EN, respectively (p

Background: Endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary are associated to endometriosis. Somatic mutations of PTEN (10q23.3) are present in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. Therefore, these mutations could be also present in ovarian tumors. Molecular studies show that solitary endometriotic cysts are monoclonal, have aneuploid DNA, have a loss of 9p,11q and 22q heterozygosity (LOH) and a higher cellular proliferation index of the epithelial component. Aim: To determine the cellular proliferation index using Ki 67, the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN and LOH in patients with ovarian endometriosis without atypia (EN), ovarian endometriosis with atypia (EA) and endometriosis with adjacent ovarian carcinoma (ET). Material and methods: Paraffin embedded samples of 37 endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas of the ovary (CC/CE), 15 solitary ovarian EN and 15 ovarian EA, were studied. Expression of Ki 67 and PTEN was measured by immunohistochemistry. LOH of 10q23.3 locus was measured by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Ki 67 was 5.5 and 2.3% in EA and EN, respectively (p

Background: Endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary are associated to endometriosis. Somatic mutations of PTEN (10q23.3) are present in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. Therefore, these mutations could be also present in ovarian tumors. Molecular studies show that solitary endometriotic cysts are monoclonal, have aneuploid DNA, have a loss of 9p,11q and 22q heterozygosity (LOH) and a higher cellular proliferation index of the epithelial component. Aim: To determine the cellular proliferation index using Ki 67, the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN and LOH in patients with ovarian endometriosis without atypia (EN), ovarian endometriosis with atypia (EA) and endometriosis with adjacent ovarian carcinoma (ET). Material and methods: Paraffin embedded samples of 37 endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas of the ovary (CC/CE), 15 solitary ovarian EN and 15 ovarian EA, were studied. Expression of Ki 67 and PTEN was measured by immunohistochemistry. LOH of 10q23.3 locus was measured by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Ki 67 was 5.5 and 2.3% in EA and EN, respectively (p

We report a 25 years old woman with a four years history of end stage renal disease on hemodialysis. During the last two years of follow up, multiple tender nodules appeared in the left clavicle and ribs. These were diagnosed as brown tumors, secondary to osteitis fibrosa cystica, in the context of a secondary hyperparathyroidism. A subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed and a homologous parathyroid implant was done in the right forearm. The pathological study of the surgical pieces confirmed the presence of the brown tumors and parathyroid hyperplasia. Nine months after surgery, parathormone levels and brown tumor calcifications decreased significantly and bone mineral density increased by 20%. (Rev Med Chile 2003; 131: 1183-87) . (Key Words: Brown tumors; Osteritis fibrosa cystica; Parathyroid neoplasms)