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Background: Anaemia is the most common disease that affects mostly females and children and is most prevalent in developing countries. Among various causes sickle cell anaemia is one of them, which is a cause of concern. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) causes problems like blockage of blood flow, causing pain, and fatigue and also leads to death. Objective: With the advancement in science, diseases that were once considered unable to cure can be stopped or prevented and, in some cases, also be cured. As current therapies for the treatment of sickle cell anaemia are limited, like blood transfusions, bone marrow transfusions, etc., a non-surgical method where plant extracts or compounds were found effective in stopping, preventing, and in some cases reversal of SCD. In this review, we tried to gather information about those plants and compounds. Method: Numerous surveys in the literature were performed to determine the plants which have shown their potential against SCD. Relevant peer-reviewed publications were searched through various databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, etc. Results: A total of more than 50 medicinal plants such as Acacia catechu, Alchornea cordifolia, Anchomanes difformis, Khayase negalensis, Terminalia catappa, etc., have been identified based on their potential against SCD, and 15 compounds such as Butylurea, Glyceraldehyde, Potassium cyanate, urea, etc., have also been identified which could work against SCD. These plants acting on sickle cell anemia on various pathways are also discussed. Conclusion: In this review, an approach was made to study those plants which have an effect against SCD, with proper mechanisms and compounds that show potency against this disease. So that better treatment options could be available for future generations.

Background: Culinary spices and Indian kitchens share a historical relationship for centuries. An average Indian kitchen contains a lot of spices like fennel, cardamom, cumin, turmeric, clove, black pepper, etc., used to increase the aroma and taste of food. Scientific research suggested the pharmacological activities of these kitchen spices, as most of them enhance the appetite, digestion, and have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and some spices are potent anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity. Some Culinary spices are unexplored scientifically. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the presently explored spices and some unexplored spices which might be used in certain part of the world to enhance the flavor and could have medicinal benefits, studying their pharmacological actions in controlling or managing diseases. Methods: Numerous surveys in literature were done in response to determine the culinary spices used commonly in Indian kitchens and also some rare spices which might be used in certain particular part of the world for their pharmacological, and traditional uses, their chemical constituents having pharmacological activities. Relevant peer-reviewed publications were searched through various databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ReseaechGate, etc. Results: A total of 11 common culinary spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, etc., are studied regarding their common kitchen role, traditional uses, and their explored pharmacological activities and 11 other spices like alpinia galanga, Prunus mahaleb, Grain of Paradise, etc., which are used in some parts of the world having medicinal properties are also studied. The chemical constituents of these plants are also studied which could be responsible for their medicinal activity. Conclusion: In this review, an approach was made to study the common culinary spices, and other culinary spices which might not be most common, having medicinal properties, so that better treatment options could be available for future for future generations.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting more than 8.5 % adult population in the world. Among various issues caused by diabetes, wound healing is a major cause of concern. Objective: Injuries are most common, and can be caused normally by abrasion, laceration (cuts), injury, etc. But in diabetes, they do not heal so easily and cause problems. It can be due to a compromised immune system, neuropathy, poor circulation, infections etc., which could lead to amputation or even death. Current therapies for the treatment of wound healing in diabetic patients, have side effects of their own, as there is no particular drug for the healing of wounds. Methods: Numerous surveys in literature were carried out to reveal the obstacles in diabetic wound healing and current approaches to its management with emphasis on alternative therapies. Relevant peer-reviewed research publications were searched through various online bibliographic databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate (all English-language articles). Results: Repurposed drugs include a class of statin, phenytoin, estrogen, and DPP4 inhibitors. Plants with wound healing activity include Rosmarinus officinalis, Radix Rehmannia, Carica papaya, Aloe vera, Catharanthus roseus, Punica granatum, etc. have been explored in pre-clinical studies. Besides these studies, a lot of other studies, including clinical trials, have been performed for wound healing in diabetes by using different procedures like Honey-dressing, Royal Jelly, Extracorporeal Shock wave therapy, Manuka honey-impregnated dressing, LeucoPatch system, etc. Conclusion: In this review, an approach was made to study wound healing in diabetes and various options that could be best suited for the treatment of wounds in diabetes.