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Aims: Better documentation of vulvar pain is needed. We examined pain locations marked on general body and genital specific outlines among women with vulvodynia. Methods: 62 women (mean age 32.1 ± 9.5 years) with vulvodynia marked their pain on a digital genital specific outline (22 segments) and 59 of those women also marked their pain on a digital general body outline (48 segments). We used ImageJ software to determine body surface area (BSA) for each outline. Results: On the general body outline, 24/48 segments were marked; 22/22 segments were marked on the genital specific outline. There was a moderate correlation ( r = 0.43; p = 0.001) between the BSA marked on the general body outline and the BSA marked on the genital area outline. Conclusions: Findings support concurrent validity of the BSA as a measure of pain location using either outline.

Patient-reported pain locations are critical for comprehensive pain assessment. Our study aim was to introduce an automated process for measuring the location and distribution of pain collected during a routine outpatient clinic visit. In a cross-sectional study, 116 adults with sickle cell disease-associated pain completed PAINReportItⓇ. This computer-based instrument includes a two-dimensional, digital body outline on which patients mark their pain location. Using the ImageJ software, we calculated the percentage of the body surface area marked as painful and summarized data with descriptive statistics and a pain frequency map. The painful body areas most frequently marked were the left leg-front (73%), right leg-front (72%), upper back (72%), and lower back (70%). The frequency of pain marks in each of the 48 body segments ranged from 3 to 79 (mean, 33.2 ± 21.9). The mean percentage of painful body surface area per segment was 10.8% ± 7.5% (ranging from 1.3% to 33.1%). Patient-reported pain locations can be easily analyzed from digital drawings using an algorithm created via the free ImageJ software. This method may enhance comprehensive pain assessment, facilitating research and personalized care over time for patients with various pain conditions.

The scientific study of this research has been focused on synergistic antibacterial activity of two weed plants, Lantana camara L., Parthenium hysterophorus L. alongwith two medicinal plants, Cannabis sativa L., Justicia adhatoda L. against multi- drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Dried leaf powders of the plants were extracted using air-dried method followed by the ethanol- solvent extraction method for the crude extract of the leaves. The crude extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against three MDR bacteria, that is, one Gram positive bacteria- Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram negative bacteria- Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Out of 18 antibiotics tested against procured bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to 10 out of 10 tested antibiotics, Escherichia coli was resistant to 4 out of 12 tested antibiotics and Proteus mirabilis was resistant to 9 out of 10 tested antibiotics. The tested weed plants and the medicinal plants when combined together showed more zone of inhibition against multidrug resistant bacteria ( Two combinations of phytochemicals Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa and Lantana camara, Cannabis sativa, Justicia adhatoda, Parthenium hysterophorus showed maximum zones of inhibition, that is, 30 mm) as compared to when these plants were tested solitarily, showing pronounced antibacterial activity. These findings showed that the antibacterial activity enhanced when they were combined together and this potential could be used against various infectious diseases with more research and modification in this area. Weed plants also holds as much importance as the medicinal plants although not to that extent, but they clearly inhibit the growth of bacteria and this property of weeds along with the medicinal plants holds a promising future in treating many diseases caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria on the pharmaceutical level.

The Book contains a comprehensive overview of physical as well as digital identities. Taking into account the central, federated and self-sovereign models of digital identity, the self-sovereign model has been suggested for identification and access management leveraging blockchain technology. Further, blockchain architecture and its key characteristics have been discussed in detail. Lastly, the working mechanism of blockchain enabled ID management, transactional procedures, irreversibility, persistency, applications and the challenges, which are likely to come in future, have been explained., Published by Barnes and Noble Press | Basking Ridge | New Jersey | US., {"references":["Garg R. Generic Information Tracker. 2nd India International Science Festival, New Delhi, 2016.","Garg R. Digital ID with Electronic Surveillance System. Innovation registered with National Innovation Foundation, Autonomous Body of Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, 2018.","Garg R. Multipurpose ID: A Digital Identity to 1.34 Billion Indians. Ideate for India - Creative Solutions using Technology. National e-Governance Division, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India, 2018 (published 25 Sep 2019).","Garg R. Multipurpose ID: One Nation - One Identity, Annual Convention - Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE): National Conference on Recent Advances in Energy, Science & Technology, 2019 (39).","Garg R. Hi-Tech ID with Digital Tracking System, National Conference on Application of ICT for Built Environment, 2017.","Garg R. Decentralized Transaction Mechanism based on Smart Contracts (in press) 2021.","Garg R. Interplanetary File System for Document Storage and e-Verification. Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (in press) 2021.","Garg R. Smart Contracts for Trade and Finance (in press) 2021.","Garg R. Digital Identity and Access Management through Distributed Ledger Technology. Research Project, Department of Higher Education, Government of MP 2021.","Garg R. Blockchain based Decentralized Applications for Multiple Administrative Domain Networking. Engineering Design Project, Rajiv Gandhi State Technical University, India, 2021: 01-69.","Garg R. Global Identity through Blockchain. International Webinar on Blockchain | ISBN: 978-93-5493-383-7. Scholars Park, India 2021."]}

Geriatric patients in various outpatient department (OPDs) have been found to agonize from elder abuse and neglect (EAN). Such suffering imposes depressive states within individuals, which in turn affects treatment compliance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sensitization (psychotherapeutic) of family caregivers (FCGs) upon two denture treatment parameters (maintenance and treatment satisfaction) among EAN patients and compare the differences in outcome with non-abused patients. A survey of completely edentulous subjects (n = 860, aged 41–80 years) provided a sampling frame of 332 EAN patients from which 150 patients (including FCGs) fulfilling the study criteria were distributed (simple random, convenient) into two groups (Group A—control, Group B—test). FCG sensitization for subjects in Group B was performed by a clinical psychologist in 2–4 short (30 min) sessions. Demographic characteristics (frequency) were measured using a self-reported questionnaire, denture maintenance was measured using a denture hygiene index (scores), and treatment satisfaction was analyzed on a 10-point visual analog scale. Relevant data were calculated for means and absolute/relative frequencies. Any difference between two groups was estimated using an unpaired t-test while the level of relationship was determined by Karl Pearson’s test at a p-value of &lt, 0.05. The results showed highest frequency (38.6%) for neglect, with elder neglect (EN) being most common (38.14% alone and 14% in combination). EN was found more if the FCG was a son (52%), in the age group (21–30 years), and with low education and low income (75%). Patients whose FCGs were counselled (Group B) demonstrated low denture plaque scores (mean = 1.38 ± 0.618), while demonstrating comparatively higher scores in six different parameters of treatment satisfaction. Differences between the two groups for both parameters were also found to be statistically significant. Psychotherapeutic counselling in the form of FCG sensitization brings better results of denture maintenance and treatment satisfaction.

Multipurpose ID is a combination of a Techno Smart Card carrying a twenty-digit universal identification number to record the entire life time data of an individual and a touch screen Smart Cell Phone for electronic surveillance. Both the units can work separately or be united together. Such a unique system would replace all possible documents procured by an individual during his life time. Apart from saving human resources, time, money and administrative complexities, the stack of files and papers in offices would also be reduced to fractional level. No Xerox, no documentation, no verification and no long queues for day-to-day pursuits. Just go for one click and the entire details of an individual would be available, that too fully genuine. If implemented wisely, the Nation would have a red letter day in the history as the change will shape billion lives and bring respite to administrative machinery and public that has crumpled under the red tapism., The present innovation has been accepted and documented by National Innovation Foundation - India (Department of Science & Technology, Government of India) ; Appreciated by Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India ; Awarded by Vijnana Bharti, Ministry of Science & Technology, Ministry of Earth Science, Government of India ; Commended by Mr. Narendra Modi, the Honorable Prime Minister of India ; and finally endorsed with Presidential Award by Mr. Ram Nath Kovind, the Honorable President of India. ....... and with yesterday's proclamation of Union Home Minister to introduce Multipurpose ID Card, the present idea is all set to become a digital identity for 133.92 crore Indians., {"references":["Garg, R. (2016). Generic Information Tracker. 2nd India International Science Festival, New Delhi (Published in Times of India, 07 Dec 2016 and Dainik Bhaskar, 10 Dec 2016).","Garg, R. (2017). Hi-Tech ID with Digital Tracking System. National Conference on Application of ICT for Built Environment, 17 Aug 2017.","Garg, R. (2018). Digital ID with Electronic Surveillance System. Innovation registered with National Innovation Foundation - Autonomous Body of Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, 20 Aug 2017","Garg, R. (2018). Multipurpose ID: A Digital Identity to 1.34 Billion Indians. Ideate for India - Creative Solutions using Technology. National e-Governance Division, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India, 31 Dec 2018","Garg, R. (2019). Digital Identity and Access Management through Distributed Ledger Technology. Open Self-Paced Project."]}

The present communication proposes a digitally operative Unique Digital Identification Number leveraging the Distributed Ledger Technology. DLT is a protocol that allows secure functioning of a digital database that exists across several locations. It could be a Blockchain, DAG, Hashgraph, Holochain or Tempo (Radix). DLT backs up all information in a secure and accurate manner using cryptography. The digital identity ecosystem can work seamlessly across administrative domain viz. educational sector, health-care, finance, telecommunications, crowd operations, public distribution, taxation, legal enforcement and others. The system assures privacy and trust, with least involvement of bureaucracy., {"references":["Garg, R. (2016). Generic Information Tracker. 2nd India International Science Festival, New Delhi (Published in Times of India, 07 Dec 2016 and Dainik Bhaskar, 10 Dec 2016).","Garg, R. Digital ID with Electronic Surveillance System. Patent pending with National Innovation Foundation - Autonomous Body of Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, 20 Aug 2017."]}

Introduction The foundation for healthy permanent teeth in children and teenagers is laid during the first few years of life. Toothbrushing should be presented as a habit. A wide array of toothbrushes is available in the market, which differ in size, design, length, hardness, arrangement of bristles. This present clinical study is undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of ionic toothbrush on oral hygiene status and plaque removal. Materials and methods A total of 30 children aged 6 years to 12 years were selected in this study. The children were divided into two groups, 15 children were given HyG ionic toothbrush, were instructed how to use product according to manufacturer's instructions, 15 children were assigned to use manual toothbrush, instructed to brush their teeth in usual manner. All subjects used the same commercially available dentifrice throughout the study. Results The results were evaluated at each visit day 0, day 15 and day 30 following 12–18 hours of no oral hygiene. The subjects brushed their teeth twice daily for 1 minute under supervision. The result showed that there was significant difference in all the mean values in all the parameters. It may be concluded from the present study that though the ionic toothbrush was insignificantly superior to the manual toothbrush, both the toothbrushes are clinically effective in removing plaque and improving the gingival conditions. How to cite this article Chandra S, Jain N, Garg R, et al. Ionic vs Manual Toothbrushes: Effect on Plaque and Oral Hygiene Status in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(5):375–378.

BITS - Pilani, Goa houses more than fifty clubs and departments, which are managed by students themselves. The students, apart from spending their quality time on academic courses, also participate in these clubs and departments. The present report aims to investigate the impact of these clubs and departments on students' placements. The present study has been taken to find out the impact of clubs and departments on academics, career prospects of students, and to identify the scope for further improvement. The survey was conducted in April 2020 and three groups of respondents (junior undergraduates - first and second year students; senior undergraduates - third and fourth year students; and alumni of BITS-Pilani, Goa) were selected and called up through WhatsApp and LinkedIn. In all, 150 responses were received, within the given time frame, and analysed using stratified sampling method. A comprehensive assessment has been made to identify those skills that are gathered by a student from these clubs and departments, and prove helpful in placement. A corresponding feedback was taken from the student representatives, working in placement unit, to verify the present observations. On the grounds of responses received from students, alumni and representatives of placement unit, some significant conclusions have been drawn and recommendations have been forwarded to improve the placement scenario at BITS-Pilani Goa. The present report calls for further inquiry into the mechanism that can improve the placement scenario of the campus.

The development of active corrosion protection systems for metallic substrates is an issue of prime concern. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the applicability of plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) in growing protective top oxide layers over sol-gel deposited organosiloxane (R-SiOx; water based inorganic-organic hybrid coating formulation containing 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane, crosslinked with hexamethylmethoxymelamine) coating to improve its thermal stability, chemical inertness and corrosion resistance. [MgAl2((OBu)-Bu-t)(4)H-4] and [AlH2((OBu)-Bu-t)](2) were used as single source precursors for depositing MgAl2O4 and Al2O3 thin films respectively. The coating systems namely, Al2O3/R-SiOx (ALSI) and MgAl2O4/R-SiOx (MALSI) were comparatively analyzed towards their corrosion protection behaviour. The post annealed PECVD deposited films were uniform, transparent and exhibited good adhesion as confirmed by focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) cross sectional analysis. ALSI and MALSI bilayer systems were found to be stable over temperatures as high as 600 degrees C. Corrosion performance of the coating systems effectively demonstrated the protective function of ALSI and MALSI bilayer system. However, it was observed that ALSI outperforms MALSI in this application.

Attempts to synthesize Cd-M (M= Nb, Ta) heterobimetallic complexes via salt metathesis reaction resulted in an unexpected structural motif [I2CdII2MV(OiPr)7]2 (M = Nb (2), Ta (3)). 1H NMR and multinuclear NMR analyses revealed the co-existence of multiple products in solution. The donor solvents influenced the formation of different intermediate species in solution that was proven by 113Cd NMR data. The isolation of trimetallic [I2Cd{Ta(OiPr)6}K(HOiPr)2]4 (4) and the adduct [I2CdTa(OiPr)5(THF)] 5 provided an insight into the reaction mechanism. By exploiting the Lewis acidic nature of cadmium alkoxide different compounds could be synthesized and thoroughly characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. New heterobimetallic derivatives with the formula [CdIIMV(OiPr)7]2 (M = Nb (6), Ta (7)) produced pyrochlore phases from an amorphous ceramic homogenate indicating their potential as single-source precursors that was confirmed by TG-DTA analysis, which showed that complexes 6 and 7 undergo facile two step thermal decomposition at 600°C to produce Cd2Nb2O7 and Cd2Ta2O7, respectively. Temperature variable X-ray diffraction analysis of 6 additionally proved the formation of crystalline Cd2Nb2O7 phase.

Introduction: Little research has been done to determine if the wound pain markings correlate with the changes in measured wound size. For cancer patients, wound pain could be caused by the tumor or cancer treatments. The study purpose was to evaluate the validity of patient pain markings (body surface area) as an indicator of wound size and changes in size over time. This study will contribute to the clinicians’ understanding of the patient reported pain outcomes as an indicator of wound healing. Methodology: Among a sample of 40 participants, 22 (55%) were female, 38 (95%) were non-Hispanic, and 35 (88%) were White and 5 (12%) were Black. Mean age of participants was 70.8 (SD=9.1) years, 13 participants completed high school, 16 completed some college, and 11 completed more than college. The majority of the participants (n=23, 58%) were married. All subjects were asked to complete the PAINReportIt, an electronic adaptation of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Their wound areas were measured using the Silhouette device, which measured the wound length, depth, and volume. Using the subject’s PAINReportIt pain markings on a body outline, the ImageJ software algorithm calculated the body surface area (BSA) in pixels as marked for each pain site. Analyses included descriptive statistics and Kendall correlations. Results: From the 40 unique patients, there were 157 visits where both BSA and wound size data were recorded: 18 patients had 5 visits, 4 had 8 visits, 7 had 3 visits, and 7 had data from 2 visits. As a context to the magnitude of pain the patients reported at visit 1, the mean pain intensity was 2.9±2.7 (0-10 scale). The wounds were in the lower extremity for 39 patients and in the foot for 1 patient. The mean wound area was 2634±8005 mm2. 35 patients reported pain in 1 site, 1 reported 2 sites, 1 reported 3 sites, 2 patients reported pain in 4 sites, and 1 patient did not report pain sites at visit 1 but did so at other visits. The between- subject correlation between the wound size and the BSA area marked was tau=.33 (p Citation Format: Jessi Noel, Rishabh Garg, Yingwei Yao, Michael Weaver, Debra Lyon, Joyce Stechmiller, Diana J. Wilkie. Determining the validity of patient pain markings for wound pain prior to debridement [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-110.

Introduction: It is unknown if the body surface area measure is sensitive to the change in pain over the first four days after lung cancer surgery. Known for cancer health disparities, improving pain outcomes for patients with lung cancer could have implications for reducing disparities. The purpose of this study was to compare body surface area over the first four days post thoracotomy for lung cancer. Methodology: In a repeated measures observational study, 41 lung cancer patients (mean age 60±12 years, 80% male, 100% Turkish) who had thoracotomy surgery reported pain postoperatively for four days. Patients were asked to mark on a body outline the location of the area where they had pain each day using PAINReportIt, a valid and reliable electronic version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, on an Internet-enabled Surface Pro tablet. The number of sites that the patient marked was counted automatically by PAINReportIt. Then the body surface area percentage (BSA%) was calculated using ImageJ software. Each day patients were asked to rate on a 0-10 scale the pain intensity they were currently having and the least and worst that the pain was in the past 24 hours. These 3 values were used to create the average of pain intensity (API) the patient experienced for each of the four days. Analyses included scatter plots, descriptive statistics, longitudinal analysis of BSA% using linear mixed effects model, and Pearson correlations of BSA% and API. Results: The mean number of pain sites recorded by PAINReportIt for each postop day 1 to 4 was 2.1±0.7, 2.2±0.7, 2.1±0.9, and 1.9±0.7, respectively (p=.152). The mean BSA% on postop days 1 to 4 was 2.1%±1.9%, 2.4%±2.2%, 2.5%±2.7%, and 2.2%±2.4%, respectively. The correlations between postop day 1-4 values were high (r=.68 to r=.86). Longitudinal analysis shows that the time trend was not statistically significant: b=0.023, Std Err=0.094, 5=0.242, p=.81. The API significantly decreased over the 4 postop days: 7.3±1.8, 5.6±1.8, 4.2±1.9, and 3±2.1, respectively (p=.000). The correlations between BSA% and API on each of the 4 postop days were: r=-.56, p Citation Format: Mecca M. James, Sevgi D. Dogan, Seda K. Yedir, Rishabh Garg, Yingwei Yao, Sevily Erden, Diana J. Wilkie. Postoperative lung cancer pain over 4 days: Changes in painful body surface area [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-111.

Introduction. Vulvar pain can be a symptom of vulvar cancer, which is frequently detected at late stage for elderly women, and has racial disparities. Better documentation, detection, and monitoring of vulvar pain, may eventually lead to early detection of vulvar cancer to reduce age and racial disparities in this cancer. Unfortunately, typical body outline drawings for measuring pain location do not allow documentation of the specific details of vulvar pain. Our study purpose was to compare two measures of pain location for patients with another vulvar pain condition, vulvodynia. Methodology. Using baseline data from an ongoing randomized clinical trial conducted in Chicago, 62 women with vulvodynia marked their pain on a genital specific outline and 59 of those also marked their pain on a full body outline. The women’s ages ranged from 20-62 years (31.8±9.4 years). Their education levels were high school (10%), some college (9%), bachelors degree (43%), and advanced leveled education (38%). 11% were Asian, 7% were Black, 74% were White, and 9% were other race. They completed PAINReportIt, an electronic version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, which allowed women to mark the region of their pain and describe their pain intensity. ImageJ software was used to isolate and analyze the surface area included within the markings on a full body outline with a total of 48 segments and on a genital area outline with a total of 22 segments. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze the number of segments marked and the number of pixels marked on each segment of both outlines. Results. As a context for women’s pain experience, the average pain intensity was 3.9±2.6. On the full body outline, 41 women marked the genital area only contrary to 18 women who marked both the genital area and elsewhere. On the full body outline, 24/48 segments were marked and the most frequent were segments near the vulvar region: left anterior thigh (n=59), right anterior thigh (n=54), left lumbar/iliac region (n=49), and right lumbar/iliac region (n=47). Some women also marked regions in the gluteal and posterior thigh region: left gluteal region (n=13), right gluteal region (n=9), and left hamstrings (n=10). On the genital specific outline, 22/22 body areas were marked. The most frequent vulvar specific areas marked were: vestibular fossa (n=51), left labia minora (n= 52)and vagina (n=55). There was a moderate correlation (r=.43, p=.001) between the body surface area marked on the full-body outline and the body surface area marked on the genital area outline. Conclusion. Study findings support the validity of the body surface area as a measure of pain location using either outline. The genital area outline provides more specific information about pain in the vulvar region, and implications for its use have the potential to eliminate disparities of vulvar cancer through the improved detection and monitoring of vulvar pain. Citation Format: Guettchina Telisnor, Rishabh Garg, Yingwei Yao, Judith Schlaeger, Diana J. Wilkie. Documentation methods for vulvar pain: Implications for detection of vulvar cancer, a cancer with known disparities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-269.

In any developing country, one needs to have an infinite number of documents, at each level; some of which call for periodical renewal. To fetch those documents either one stands in long queues or goes online. Here again, every e-site generates and asks for a new ID and password. This is how, instead of making things simple, these documents and online processes make life more confounded and miserable. The government officials are bogged down with applications for Aadhar, Licenses, Samagra-ID, Ration Card, EPIC, Passport, Bank Pass Books, ATMs, Vehicle Registration, Registries, Reports, Certificates and so on. Over and above, verification of these documents, at each level, is another deadly exercise. Till date, not a single system, device or App has been invented, in any part of the world, to save humanity from the drudgery of stacking documents, followed by their photocopies, attestations, and verifications - a never-ending process. The present innovation has been conceived and designed to void this gap.

For secure computing and networking systems in the modern day, passwords and physical tokens alone do not serve a major purpose in a user's authentication. Traditional systems of security including the biometric systems, authenticate individuals at the time of login only and no further identification or verification is performed during the activity session of the user. This results for a compromised system of security resulting in the need for a system with greater robustness. This survey paper focuses on the need for a continuous authentication through soft biometrics and explores the alternatives for various systems applying soft biometrics and also considers a multimodal approach of biometrics, towards the user and system usability and security. This survey is intended for further researches and practice in the domain of biometrics.

Mobile biometric approaches provide the convenience of secure authentication with an omnipresent technology. However, this brings an additional challenge of recognizing biometric patterns in an unconstrained environment including variations in mobile camera sensors, illumination conditions, and capture distance. To address the heterogeneous challenge, this research presents a novel heterogeneity aware loss function within a deep learning framework. The effectiveness of the proposed loss function is evaluated for periocular biometrics using the CSIP, IMP and VISOB mobile periocular databases. The results show that the proposed algorithm yields state-of-the-art results in a heterogeneous environment and improves generalizability for cross-database experiments.

Digital ID with Electronic Surveillance System is a combination of Multipurpose ID Card, carrying a twenty-digit unique identification number to record the entire life time data of a citizen, and a Smart Mobile Phone for Electronic Surveillance. Both the units can work separately or together. Such a unique Techno-Smart Device would replace all possible documents - Birth Certificates, Aadhar, Passport, Driving License, PAN, Insurance, Bank Account Numbers ................ Thus, the present innovation would make the life of every individual on Earth free from redundant documentation and would serve as a rescue from practice of forged identity, deception and corruption.

Reckless exploitation of water resources is a major cause of concern.Ironically, a widespread resource illiteracy prevails in us and we are trapped behind a multitude of barriers that lie in our basic outlook which stresses on the present day contentment and short term paybacks. The unacceptably slow awakening may partly be due to fragmented knowledgeof ecology, careless attitude and lack of action rather than planning of civic campaigns. We are confronted with major issues that call for sustainable long-term solutions. The problem is over-riding and threatening humanity now. Unless coped within time, eutrophication may lead to disappearance of lentic habitats.

The presentation comprises the manifestation of genetic disorders due to changes in the shape and number of chromosomes.

The condition of the environment is a worldwide issue. Air, water and soil do not recognize borders; poor soil conditions in one nation may reduce another country’s food supply. At the same time, different regions do face different problems. The environmental problems faced by developed nations are largely the result of their economic strength and higher standards of living. Over consumption is cited by many observers as a cause of resource depletion in the First World. Americans consume a disproportionate amount of the planet’s resources. The United States is home to 5 percent of the world’s population but uses 25 percent of its resources. Overall, the developed world has 23 percent of Earth’s population but consumes two-thirds of the resources. A better way to improve the environment is to rely on a country’s indigenous values, many people maintain. Some environmentalists believe that the religious traditions of India promote ecologically friendly values, including vegetarianism and a moderate use of resources. Our ancient system was more value based than present economic system.