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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.01.031 Byline: R. Hites, Y. De Smet, N. Risse, M. Salazar-Neumann, P. Vincke Keywords: Multicriteria analysis; Robustness Abstract: Coping with uncertainties or ignorance in decision problems may lead to the idea that several scenarios can occur or that several sets of data can constitute a good representation of the reality. In consequence, numerous authors have focused on the robust aspect of these problems. In such a context, one can consider that a scenario (or a particular instance of the data) permits to partially qualify the solutions, just as a criterion does. In other words, the evaluation of a specific solution for a given scenario could be perceived as the evaluation of this solution according to one particular criterion. With this in mind, the applicability of classic multicriteria concepts to the robustness framework, in the context of optimization problems, is explored. We achieve this by studying their similarities and differences. The distinguishing characteristics bring us to introduce a new problematic: the multicriteria evaluation of robustness. Author Affiliation: Service de Mathematiques de la Gestion, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Blvd du Triomphe CP 210/01, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium Article History: Received 17 October 2003; Accepted 10 January 2005

Two airborne field campaigns focusing on observations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds and boundary layer processes and their role with respect to Arctic amplification have been carried out in spring 2019 and late summer 2020 over the Fram Strait northwest of Svalbard. The latter campaign was closely connected to the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. Comprehensive datasets of the cloudy Arctic atmosphere have been collected by operating remote sensing instruments, in-situ probes, instruments for the measurement of turbulent fluxes of energy and momentum, and dropsondes on board the AWI research aircraft Polar 5. In total, 24 flights with 111 flight hours have been performed over open ocean, the marginal sea ice zone, and sea ice. The datasets follow documented methods and quality assurance and are suited for studies on Arctic mixed-phase clouds and their transformation processes, for studies with a focus on Arctic boundary layer processes, and for satellite validation applications. All datasets are freely available via the world data center PANGAEA., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Little is known about the screw design as a factor for stability of the bone-implant interface in locking plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures. Aim of the present study was to analyze if locking screws with a large core diameter and a low thread pitch provide increased stability when compared to conventional locking screws., Methods: 3-Part proximal humeral fractures were created in ten pairs of osteoporotic human cadaveric humeri and fixed with a locking plate. Head fixation was performed with screws with a large core diameter (soft bone screws) in one humerus and with conventional cancellous locking screws in the other humerus of each donor. Specimens were loaded in the varus bending position. Stiffness, failure loads, plate bending and motion at the bone-implant interface were evaluated using mechanical sensors and an optical motion capture system., Findings: The stiffness of the construct for the soft bone screws was 299.8 N/mm (IR, 72.1 N/mm) and 203.9 N/mm (IR, 37.3 N/mm) for the conventional locking screws (p = 0.005). Plate bending did not differ between the two groups. Motion at the bone-implant interface was significantly reduced in the soft bone screw group (p < 0.05). The median load-to-failure was significantly higher in the soft bone screw group (358 N vs. 313 N; p = 0.012)., Interpretation: The use of soft bone screws is associated with less motion at the bone-implant interface and therefore greater fixation strength when compared to fixation with conventional locking screws. Clinical studies are needed to prove these biomechanical findings in the in vivo situation., Level of Evidence: Controlled laboratory study., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The performance of a rapid spiral chest CT scan during primary diagnosis and intensive care leads, in a high percentage of cases, to clinically relevant diagnoses. In particular, occult ventral (tension-) pneumothoraces and lung contusions have been found in one third of polytraumatized patients both initially and during the sequential course. Additional insertion of chest tubes has been observed to be the major consequence.