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Vitex megapotamica (Spreng) Moldenke is commonly known as taruma, it is an important medicinal and edible fruit plant. It is native to regions of tropical and subtropical climate in greater proport...

Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke is a plant with medicinal properties popularly used in Brazil to treat diabetes and obesity. Despite the promising use of this plant, are still incipient toxic...

Background : Cranioschisis is a malformation that occurs during embryological development and results in incomplete closure of the skull, leaving an opening through which the intracranial tissue can project. Meningocele consists of herniation of the meninges containing cerebrospinal fluid through the cranial defect. In cattle, this association usually manifested by the appearance of a floating saccular protrusion of variable size and volume in the frontal or parietal region of the cranium. This manuscript aims to report a case of cranioschisis associated with meningocele and neurological deficit in a newborn calf in the northwestern region of the state of Parana. Case : A 2-day-old crossbred female calf was diagnosed with cranioschisis associated with meningocele in the frontal region of the head. On initial clinical examination, an ovoid mass with floating appearance was observed, extending from the supraorbital curvature of the frontal bone to the end of the nasal bones following the midline. The patient had normal parameters for the species and age and a positive sucking reflex. Neurological examination showed permanent lateral decubitus position, spastic paresis of the thoracic limbs and opisthotonus. Complementary imaging studies, including x-rays and ultrasonography, showed a failure in the frontal bone, approximately 5 cm in diameter. Despite the unfavorable prognosis, surgical reduction was chosen. After drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid, excision of the meningeal sac was continuously performed, exposing the subarachnoid space, showing circular failure in the frontal bone with a diameter of 4.5 cm, making it possible to observe part of the right frontal lobe. We opted for occlusion of the bone defect by covering it with the dura mater. Absorbable 0 catgut suture was applied in a simple continuous pattern for coaptation of the meningeal edges. The technique used proved to be viable, but due to lack of therapeutic response and maintenance of the neurological picture, the animal was euthanized three days after surgery. Discussion : The clinical signs of meningocele are generally observed in newborn calves, and the pathology is not reported in aborted animals, which explains the fact that all cases reported in the literature are of calves born at term. Treatment success is variable. In general, it depends on the absence of neurological symptoms, which are invariably linked to morphological alterations in nervous tissue. Thus, animals with neurological symptoms have poor prognosis and may even die spontaneously. In some cases surgical reduction without the use of grafts, as in this report, was successfully performed. The authors reported covering a 7-cm circular gap in the frontal bone thought coaptation of the meningeal edges using a simple continuous pattern of nylon suture, followed by dehorning. In this case, the animal showed no neurological abnormalities and had a good prognosis. We conclude that the surgical treatment of cranioschisis associated with meningocele in bovine species presented in this report had an unfavorable prognosis. As observed in other cases, when the animals have neurological symptoms the prognosis is bleak, probably due to morphological and functional changes of congenital origin in the nervous tissue, as described in the literature. More case studies are needed to elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of this disorder in bovines, since the cases described in the literature are not associated with the most commonly reported causes, such as the ingestion of certain plants.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T23:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Paranaense University (Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR) Araucaria Foundation (Fundacao Araucaria) Background: Studies on intestinal parasites in cougars Puma concolor are scarce, and most of the available information on the species has been derived from individuals in captivity. One of the greatest threats to the survival of wild cats is habitat loss caused by urban sprawl, agricultural matrix, and linear developments such as highways and railways, which expose animals to direct contact with humans and to a high risk of death. Given the lack of scientific data the objective of this study was to report on the occurrence of intestinal parasites in a cougar (P. concolor) specimen from the northwestern region of Parana State, Brazil. Case: The carcass of a free-living cougar (P. concolor) individual was sent to the Interdisciplinary Science Museum (Museu Interdisciplinar de Ciencias - MIC) of Paranaense University (Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR); an individual was killed during a collision with an unidentified vehicle on highway PR-486, in the municipality of Mariluz (PR, Brazil). The geographical coordinates of the location where the animal was found are: 23 degrees 59'29 '' S, 53 degrees 8'47 '' W. This region is characterized by semi-deciduous seasonal forest remnants. After being identified on site and collected by the inspectors of the Parana Environmental Institute (Instituto Ambiental do Parana - IAP), the cadaver was donated to the MIC (by the IAP) for a necropsy to elucidate the cause of death. In this context. the cadaver was sent to the Animal Pathology section of the Department of Veterinary Medicine at UNIPAR. The animal was necropsied by performing the standard necropsy technique for carnivores: opening the intestine through the mesentery and exposing the mucosa from the duodenum to the colon. The necropsy showed that the cause of death was hypovolemic shock due to trauma. During necropsy, parasites in the intestinal lumen were visible to the naked eye. Parasites and feces were collected and stored in sterile flasks containing 10% formaldehyde and saline. The parasites were subjected to Faust and Hoffman techniques, micrometry, and morphological analysis, resulting in the identification of the roundworm Toxocara call and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens. Discussion: Identifying the roadkill species along highways is of paramount importance, since they are living very close to man and, consequently, reservoirs and disseminators of different infectious and parasitic zoonoses may be possible. Infection by protozoa and helminths in animals usually occurs by ingesting the infective form present in food or water. Toxocara call and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens were only reported in captivity before. Research on parasites in free-living wild animals is not common in the scientific literature and this is due to the difficulty of capturing this animal category as they live in difficult to access places such as forests and forests, therefore, research projects in partnership with museums are extremely important for the recognition of wild animal species that circulate in the region, in addition to the parasitic identification of these animals for future sanitary measures and for the preservation of the animal species in the environment. The Parasitological studies of wild animals are highly relevant for expanding this knowledge, especially considering the possible transfer risk of specific parasitic diseases to other animals, as well as to humans. Univ Paranaense UNIPAR, Programa Pos Grad Ciencia Anim Com Enfase Prod Bi, Umuarama, Parana, Brazil Univ Paranaense UNIPAR, Med Vet, Umuarama, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Programa Pos Grad Ciencias Biol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Programa Pos Grad Ciencias Biol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Excess weight and dyslipidemia are among the most serious health problems in Western societies. These conditions enhance the risk of cardiac disease and have been linked with a higher prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. The present study investigated the cardioprotective effects of Echinodorus grandiflorus on ventricular remodeling in rabbits that were fed a 1% cholesterol-rich diet. We first obtained an ethanol-soluble fraction of E. grandiflorus and performed a detailed phytochemical study by liquid chromatography-DAD/ESI-MS. For 60 days, male rabbits were fed the cholesterol-rich diet or a diet without the addition of cholesterol. After 30 days, different groups of rabbits were treated with the ethanol-soluble fraction of E. grandiflorus (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, p. o.), simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg), or vehicle once daily for 30 days. At the end of 60 days, the serum lipoprotein ratio, electrocardiographic profile, histopathological alterations, and the cardiac antioxidant defense system were investigated. Echocardiographic analysis showed morphological and functional alterations in cholesterol-rich diet-fed animals, indicating left ventricle hypertrophy. The total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio were significantly higher in cholesterol-rich diet-fed rabbits. Myocardial flaccidity, fatty degeneration, and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy were observed. An increase in lipid peroxidation levels, a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity, and a decrease in reduced glutathione levels were observed in the myocardium of all cholesterol-rich diet-fed rabbits. Treatment with the ethanol-soluble fraction of E. grandiflorus, especially the highest dose, significantly reduced all of these alterations, thus demonstrating the cardioprotective effect of the ethanol-soluble fraction of E. grandiflorus on cardiac changes that are induced by a cholesterol-rich diet.

Malaria is a global public health problem that causes approximately 445 000 deaths annually worldwide, especially in underdeveloped countries. Because of the high prevalence and mortality of the disease, new and less toxic therapeutic agents need to be developed, such as MEFAS, a low-cost hybrid salt that consists of artesunate and mefloquine. However, the efficacy of MEFAS has been systematically demonstrated, its safety requires further investigation. This study investigated the acute toxicity of MEFAS and its precursors, artesunate, and mefloquine. A total of 42 female Swiss mice were divided into seven groups (

Although Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J. F. Macbr. is used in Brazilian folk medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis and circulatory disorders, no study evaluating these effects has been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible hypolipemiant and antiatherogenic activity of the ethanol soluble fraction obtained from C. carthagenensis (ES-CC) in an experimental atherosclerosis model using New Zealand (NZ) rabbits undergoing cholesterol-rich diet (CRD).Dyslipidemia and atherogenesis were induced by administration of standard commercial diet increased of 1% cholesterol (CRD) for 8 weeks. ES-CC was orally administered at doses of 10, 30 and 100mg/kg, once daily for four weeks, starting from the 4th week of CRD diet. Body weight measurements were weekly carried out from the beginning of experiments for 8 weeks. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and their fractions (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C) were measured at the beginning of experiments and at weeks four and eight. After euthanasia of rabbits, aorta segments (aortic arc, thoracic, abdominal and iliac segments) were macroscopically and microscopically evaluated and the intima and media layers of the arteries were measured. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of ES-CC and its influence on the functioning of hepatic antioxidant enzymes were also determined.CRD induced dyslipidemia and major structural changes in the aortic wall. In addition, an increase in lipid peroxidation and a reduction of hepatic glutathione and serum nitrite levels were observed. Treatment with ES-CC was able to prevent the increase in TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C levels and triglycerides and promoted an increase in HDL-C levels in NZ rabbits. These effects were accompanied by a significant reduction in oxidative stress and modulation of the catalase and superoxide dismutase function. Moreover, the intima and media layers of the arterial segments were significantly reduced by ES-CC treatment.This study demonstrated that ES-CC reduces serum lipids and hepatic oxidative stress when orally administered to NZ rabbits. In addition, it was able to prevent the development of CRD-induced atherosclerosis.

Museus de ciência constituem um espaço cultural predominante visitado por crianças e adolescentes, e na maioria das vezes são utilizados para consolidar conhecimentos adquiridos na educação formal, bem como os conhecimentos de origem empírica. O acervo do museu de ciências da UNIPAR, possui animais selvagens, da fauna Brasileira taxidermizados, que por sua vez, com destaque a fauna da região noroeste do estado do Paraná, cumprindo o papel das coleções museológicas, pois além de ser uma coleção, as peças neles encontradas devem ser conservadas e pesquisadas, contribuindo para o conhecimento e aprimoramento do estudo científico na educação básica, popularizando o conhecimento. Dentro da dinâmica do museu ainda é possível desenvolver pesquisas científicas que podem resultar em descobertas como a de um baço acessório encontrado em uma espécie de Felídeo, a descrição de tal estrutura é muito escassa na literatura. Assim os museus de ciência colaboram diretamente com o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão universitária.

Os suínos são a segunda proteína animal mais consumida do mundo, sendo que o Brasil é o quarto produtor mundial deste tipo de carne. Uma das técnicas utilizadas para melhorar a palatabilidade e a aceitação pelo consumidor da carne suína é a castração de machos. Além de melhorar o sabor e palatabilidade da carne, a castração em suínos machos também é realizada para facilitar o manejo. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta revisão é discorrer sobre as principais técnicas utilizadas para castrar suínos machos. No Brasil, a castração de machos suínos é realizada principalmente por métodos cirúrgicos (orquiectomia), geralmente aos sete dias de vida do animal e é praticada sem anestesia. Dessa forma, a orquiectomia em suínos da maneira que é realizada fere os princípios de bem-estar animal. No entanto, para praticá-la com bem-estar e segurança o custo é alto para o pequeno produtor, que é maioria no Brasil. Uma das alternativas à castração cirúrgica de suínos machos e que atende às normas de bem-estar animal é a imunocastração. Apesar de apresentar muitas vantagens, a imunocastração também é um procedimento oneroso. Na suinocultura brasileira, produzir de forma economicamente eficiente passou a ser pré-requisito para a sobrevivência no setor. Nesse contexto a castração química é uma alternativa promissora. Tal técnica é um processo no qual substâncias químicas produzem lesão definitiva no aparelho reprodutor masculino. Este método é considerado irreversível e possibilita redução nos níveis de dor e maior velocidade de recuperação quando comparados aos procedimentos tradicionais. Em suínos, o gluconato de zinco associado ao DMSO apresentou bons resultados em castração química, mas outras substâncias utilizadas em outras espécies têm potencial para serem empregadas em suínos, mas ainda não foram estudadas nesta espécie. Novos estudos são necessários sobre o tema, o que pode ampliar as opções para os produtores suinícolas.

Background: Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a sexually transmitted, contagious, round cell neoplasm that affects mainly the external genital organs of dogs of both sexes. Canine TVT is practically the only tumor transmitted by cellular transplantation under natural conditions. The tumor occurs in all dog breeds and in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Sexually active dogs that roam are at increased risk of acquiring the infirmity. The diagnosis is clinical, and confirmed by cytology. The most effective treatment is chemotherapy with vincristine. The aim of this report is describes a case of one male dog with an acute urethral obstruction caused by TVT.Case: In a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), a dog of unknown age was admitted. Volunteers from an animal protection institution rescued the dog from the streets after information from residents. Upon admission in the VMTH, the dog had an acute urethral obstruction, detected on clinical examination. Cystocentesis was performed to relieve the condition. Complete clinical examination and blood count were performed. Hematological examination revealed anemia and thrombocitopeny. The clinical examination revealed a swelling in the preputial area, and penile exposure was not possible. Because of this it was not possible to place the urethral catheter in the animal. However, preputial fistula and a friable, bleeding mass suggestive of a TVT were detected. For penile inspection and correction of the obstruction, the dog was submitted to a surgical procedure with an incision in the preputial midline. After the incision was made, several masses with a friable and bleeding appearance were found. The masses that prevented the urinary flow were removed and, cleansed with a physiological solution. The skin was sutured to restore the normal anatomy. In the same procedure, the dog was neutered. Cytological examination of the masses confirmed the diagnosis of TVT. After the surgery, the animal was treated with vincristine sulfate for three weeks and completely recovered. Due to the findings of the hemogram that were suggestive of hemoparasite, the animal was later referred for clinical investigation.Discussion: The animal in this case had lived on the streets, where it contracted TVT. This tumor is found most often in dogs that roam. The cystocentesis performed in the patient is used in cases of urethral obstruction in dogs where it is not possible to pass catheter. The friable and bleeding masses with ulceration that were presented by the animal, demonstrated macroscopic aspects characteristic of tumor venereal transmissible. In this type of neoplasm can appear masses in diverse places of the body, but in this dog, the masses were only in the genitalia. The urethral obstruction was caused by the masses around the urethral orifice, and urethral obstructions in dogs may be from neoplasms. The cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis, and such examination is adequate to diagnose TVT. The treatment with chemotherapy is effective to control the disease. However, in this animal, surgical intervention was necessary to restore normal urinary flow. The chemotherapy with vincristine was used after the surgical procedure to eliminate remaining masses. The animal was castrated because of the need for population control in free-living dogs. Although not common, urethral obstruction in dogs can be caused by tumor venereal transmissible.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Although Casearia sylvestris Swartz is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat obesity, no study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of this species in an experimental model of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible hypolipemiant and antiatherogenic activity of the methanolic extract obtained from Casearia sylvestris (MECS) using Swiss and C57BL/6 LDLr-null mice undergoing high fat diet (HFD). Material and methods Dyslipidemia and atherogenesis were induced by the administration of commercial HFD for 4 weeks. The MECS was administered orally at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, once a day, for two weeks, starting from the 2nd week of HFD. The gain in body weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured weekly over the four week study. At the end of the experiments the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were measured by colorimetric method. Aldosterone, vasopressin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were also evaluated in collected serum. The renal function, atherogenic index serum (AIS) and in vitro antiplatelet activity were investigated. Additionally, histopathological analyzes were performed to determine the intima-media thickness (IMT) and intima media ratio (IMR) in aorta samples. Results The HFD induced dyslipidemia and major structural changes in the aortic wall, including raising of the systolic blood pressure in LDLr-null mice. In addition, we observed an increase in lipid peroxidation accompanied by a reduction of serum nitrite. The treatment with MECS was able to prevent the increase of SBP, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides levels and increase HDL-C in Swiss and LDLr-null mice. These effects were accompanied by a significant reduction in oxidative stress. Moreover, AIS, IMT and IMR were significantly reduced in MECS-treated mice, and the extract was able to reduce platelet aggregation in vitro. Conclusion This study demonstrated that MECS reduces the serum lipids and oxidative stress when orally administered to Swiss and LDLr-null mice. In addition, it was able to prevent arterial thickening induced by HFD and to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro.

As plantas do genero Crotalaria tem sido descritas como toxicas para varias especies de animais domesticos. O objetivo desse trabalho e relatar, pela primeira vez no Brasil, um surto de intoxicacao natural por C. incana . O surto aconteceu no municipio de Nova America da Colina, mesorregiao norte pioneiro do estado do Parana, causando a morte de 30 animais de um lote de 223 novilhas para engorda, entre tres e cinco anos de idade, que estavam em um piquete invadido por C. incana . Os bovinos apresentaram encefalopatia hepatica caracterizada por cegueira, depressao e agressividade, evoluindo para a morte em 48 horas. A atividade serica das enzimas gamaglutamiltransferase e fosfatase alcalina estava aumentada. Congestao hepatica e padrao lobular evidente, vesicula biliar aumentada e edema no mesenterio proximo a vesicula biliar representaram os principais achados de necropsia. Ao exame histologico observaram-se necrose hepatica hemorragica na regiao centrolobular com megalocitose e areas de degeneracao esponjosa no talamo. Os indices de morbidade e de letalidade foram 13,45% e 100%, respectivamente. As evidencias epidemiologicas, clinicas e patologicas sugerem o diagnostico de intoxicacao por C. incana .

Plants of genus Crotalaria have been reported as poisonous for many species of domestic animals. The aim of this work is to report, for the first time in Brazil, an outbreak of C. incana poisoning. The outbreak took place in Nova América da Colina County, Northern region of Paraná state, Brazil, causing death of 30 Nelore heifers in a herd of 223 animals, between 3 and 5 years old. The animals were grazing on pasture fully infested with C. incana. The main clinical signs were characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy and consisted of blindness, depression, aggressiveness, recumbency and death in 48 hours. Gama-glutamyltransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased. The main necropsy findings were liver congestion and evident lobular pattern, increased gall bladder volume and mesentery oedema near gall bladder. Histological exams showed hepatic hemorrhagic centrolobular necrosis, megalocitosis and spongiform degeneration in thalamus. Morbidity and lethality rates were, respectively, 13,45% and 100%. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings suggest that C. incana poisoning was the cause of illness. As plantas do gênero Crotalaria têm sido descritas como tóxicas para várias espécies de animais domésticos. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar, pela primeira vez no Brasil, um surto de intoxicação natural por C. incana. O surto aconteceu no município de Nova América da Colina, mesorregião norte pioneiro do estado do Paraná, causando a morte de 30 animais de um lote de 223 novilhas para engorda, entre três e cinco anos de idade, que estavam em um piquete invadido por C. incana. Os bovinos apresentaram encefalopatia hepática caracterizada por cegueira, depressão e agressividade, evoluindo para a morte em 48 horas. A atividade sérica das enzimas gamaglutamiltransferase e fosfatase alcalina estava aumentada. Congestão hepática e padrão lobular evidente, vesícula biliar aumentada e edema no mesentério próximo à vesícula biliar representaram os principais achados de necropsia. Ao exame histológico observaram-se necrose hepática hemorrágica na região centrolobular com megalocitose e áreas de degeneração esponjosa no tálamo. Os índices de morbidade e de letalidade foram 13,45% e 100%, respectivamente. As evidências epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas sugerem o diagnóstico de intoxicação por C. incana.

Plantas do gênero Senna causam miopatia degenerativa em bovinos e o maior número de relatos envolve Senna occidentalis. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar, pela segunda vez no Brasil, um surto de intoxicação natural por Senna obtusifolia. É descrito um surto de intoxicação por Senna obtusifolia, na região noroeste do estado do Paraná, que aconteceu em um lote de 200 vacas, com idade entre 45 e 152 meses, introduzidas em um confinamento para melhorar a condição corporal antes do parto. A área do confinamento estava invadida pela planta e as vacas permaneceram no local durante oito dias. Entre quatro e nove dias após a entrada no confinamento 20 vacas adoeceram e somente uma se recuperou. Os sinais consistiram em mioglobinúria, incoordenação e decúbito esternal permanente. As vacas doentes apresentaram aumento das atividades das enzimas creatina quinase, aspartato aminotransferase, gamaglutamiltransferase e fosfatase alcalina. Lesões na musculatura esquelética dos membros posteriores caracterizadas por áreas pálidas representaram as principais alterações observadas à necropsia de quatro bovinos. Necrose segmentar multifocal da musculatura esquelética e necrose paracentral multifocal no fígado foram as alterações histopatológicas mais relevantes. As evidências epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas indicam o diagnóstico de intoxicação por Senna obtusifolia. A planta demonstrou ter efeito miotóxico e hepatotóxico nos animais intoxicados e a doença foi quase sempre fatal. Plants of the genus Senna cause a degenerative myopathy in cattle and most of the reports refer to Senna occidentalis. The aim of this paper is to report, for the second time in Brazil, an outbreak of natural poisoning by Senna obtusifolia. It happened in the northwestern Paraná in a herd of 200 cows, 45 to 152 months of age, which had been placed into a feedlot to improve their nutritional status before the calving period. The cows stayed for eight days in this feedlot infested by the plant. Four to nine days after they got into the feedlot, 20 cows became ill and only one recovered. The clinical signs consisted of myoglobinuria, incoordination and permanent sternal recumbency. The affected cows showed increased activity of creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, gama-glutamyltransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. The main postmortem changes were in skeletal muscles of the hind limbs characterized by pale areas. The histological alterations were multifocal segmental necrosis of skeletal muscles and hepatic multifocal paracentral necrosis. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological data led to the diagnosis of Senna obtusifolia poisoning. The plant showed miotoxic and hepatotoxic effects on the poisoned animals and the disease was almost always lethal.

O presente trabalho objetivou revisar os aspectos clinico-patologicos e relatar os dados obtidos sobre a endocardite bacteriana em caes, por meio de estudo retrospectivo realizado nos arquivos do Hospital Veterinario e Laboratorio de Patologia Animal da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), durante o periodo de janeiro de 2003 a maio de 2008. No transcorrer do periodo considerado, 28 caes apresentaram a doenca, sendo 50% machos e 50% femeas. Animais de medio a grande porte foram os mais acometidos e os adultos obtiveram prevalencia. Os principais sinais clinicos apresentados foram apatia, hiporexia, hipertermia, esplenomegalia, dispneia, desidratacao, disuria e sopro cardiaco. A necropsia, observou-se que a valvula mitral foi a estrutura cardiaca mais afetada, sendo o rim o orgao mais frequentemente acometido.