33 results on '"Ritter DI"'
Search Results
2. Determining the clinical validity of hereditary colorectal cancer and polyposis susceptibility genes using the Clinical Genome Resource Clinical Validity Framework
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Seifert, BA, McGlaughon, JL, Jackson, SA, Ritter, DI, Roberts, ME, Schmidt, RJ, Thompson, BA, Jimenez, S, Trapp, M, Lee, K, Plon, SE, Offit, K, Stadler, ZK, Zhang, L, Greenblatt, MS, Ferber, MJ, Seifert, BA, McGlaughon, JL, Jackson, SA, Ritter, DI, Roberts, ME, Schmidt, RJ, Thompson, BA, Jimenez, S, Trapp, M, Lee, K, Plon, SE, Offit, K, Stadler, ZK, Zhang, L, Greenblatt, MS, and Ferber, MJ more...
- Abstract
PURPOSE: Gene-disease associations implicated in hereditary colorectal cancer and polyposis susceptibility were evaluated using the ClinGen Clinical Validity framework. METHODS: Forty-two gene-disease pairs were assessed for strength of evidence supporting an association with hereditary colorectal cancer and/or polyposis. Genetic and experimental evidence supporting each gene-disease relationship was curated independently by two trained biocurators. Evidence was reviewed with experts and assigned a final clinical validity classification. RESULTS: Of all gene-disease pairs evaluated, 14/42 (33.3%) were Definitive, 1/42 (2.4%) were Strong, 6/42 (14.3%) were Moderate, 18/42 (42.9%) were Limited, and 3/42 (7.1%) were either No Reported Evidence, Disputed, or Refuted. Of panels in the National Institutes of Health Genetic Testing Registry, 4/26 (~15.4%) contain genes with Limited clinical evidence. CONCLUSION: Clinicians and laboratory diagnosticians should note that <60% of the genes on clinically available panels have Strong or Definitive evidence of association with hereditary colon cancer or polyposis, and >40% have only Moderate, Limited, Disputed, or Refuted evidence. Continuing to expand the structured assessment of the clinical relevance of genes listed on hereditary cancer testing panels will help clinicians and diagnostic laboratories focus the communication of genetic testing results on clinically significant genes. more...
- Published
- 2019
Catalog
3. Experiences in providing a community educational resource for the All of Us Researcher Workbench.
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Ritter DI, Byun J, Wang J, Richards S, Luna PN, Williams L, Coleman JR, Baker JN, Ketkar S, Butler AM, Hammonds-Odie L, Atkinson EG, Worley KC, Murray DD, Lee B, and Scherer SE
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- United States, Humans, Computational Biology education, Research Personnel education
- Abstract
Objective: Educational offerings to fill the bioinformatics knowledge gap are a key component to enhancing access and use of health data from the All of Us Research Program. We developed a Train the Trainer-based, innovative training series including project-based learning, modular on-demand demonstrations, and unstructured tutorial time as a model for educational engagement in the All of Us community., Materials and Methods: We highlight our training modules and content, with training survey data informing cycles of development in the creation of a 6-module training series with modular demonstrations., Results: We have conducted 2 public iterations of the Train the Trainer (Tx3) Series based on survey feedback while training over 300 registered researchers to access and analyze data on the All of Us Researcher Workbench., Discussion and Conclusion: Future directions of the Tx3 Series include enhanced focus on project-based learning and learner requests for modularity and asynchronous materials access., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association.) more...
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- 2024
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4. Response to Spurdle et al.
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Riggs ER, Andersen EF, Kantarci S, Kearney H, Patel A, Raca G, Ritter DI, South ST, Thorland EC, Pineda-Alvarez D, Aradhya S, and Martin CL
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest Erica F. Andersen, Sibel Kantarci, Hutton Kearney, Gordana Raca, Sarah T. South, Erik C. Thorland, Daniel Pineda-Alvarez, and Swaroop Aradhya are directors of a fee-for-service testing laboratory. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest. more...
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- 2023
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5. Developing a disease-specific annotation protocol for VHL gene curation using Hypothes.is.
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Salehipour D, Farncombe KM, Andric V, Ansar S, Delong S, Li E, Macpherson S, Ridd S, Ritter DI, Thaxton C, and Kim RH
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- Humans, Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein genetics, Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes individuals to developing tumors in many organs. There is significant phenotypic variability and genetic variants encountered within this syndrome, posing a considerable challenge to patient care. The lack of VHL variant data sharing paired with the absence of aggregated genotype-phenotype information results in an arduous process, when characterizing genetic variants and predicting patient prognosis. To address these gaps in knowledge, the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) VHL Variant Curation Expert Panel (VCEP) has been resolving a list of variants of uncertain significance within the VHL gene. Through community curation, we crowdsourced the laborious task of variant annotation by modifying the ClinGen Community Curation (C3)-developed Baseline Annotation protocol and annotating all published VHL cases with the reported genotype-phenotype information in Hypothes.is, an open-access web annotation tool. This process, incorporated into the ClinGen VCEP's workflow, will aid in their curation efforts. To facilitate the curation at all levels of genetics expertise, our team developed a 4-day biocuration training protocol and resource guide. To date, 91.3% of annotations have been completed by undergraduate and high-school students without formal academic genetics specialization. Here, we present our VHL-specific annotation protocol utilizing Hypothes.is, which offers a standardized method to present case-resolution data, and our biocuration training protocol, which can be adapted for other rare disease platforms. By facilitating training for community curation of VHL disease, we increased student engagement with clinical genetics while enhancing knowledge translation in the field of hereditary cancer. Database URL: https://hypothes.is/groups/dKymJJpZ/vhl-hypothesis-annotation., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.) more...
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- 2023
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6. CIViCdb 2022: evolution of an open-access cancer variant interpretation knowledgebase.
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Krysiak K, Danos AM, Saliba J, McMichael JF, Coffman AC, Kiwala S, Barnell EK, Sheta L, Grisdale CJ, Kujan L, Pema S, Lever J, Ridd S, Spies NC, Andric V, Chiorean A, Rieke DT, Clark KA, Reisle C, Venigalla AC, Evans M, Jani P, Takahashi H, Suda A, Horak P, Ritter DI, Zhou X, Ainscough BJ, Delong S, Kesserwan C, Lamping M, Shen H, Marr AR, Hoang MH, Singhal K, Khanfar M, Li BV, Lin WH, Terraf P, Corson LB, Salama Y, Campbell KM, Farncombe KM, Ji J, Zhao X, Xu X, Kanagal-Shamanna R, King I, Cotto KC, Skidmore ZL, Walker JR, Zhang J, Milosavljevic A, Patel RY, Giles RH, Kim RH, Schriml LM, Mardis ER, Jones SJM, Raca G, Rao S, Madhavan S, Wagner AH, Griffith M, and Griffith OL more...
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- Humans, Knowledge Bases, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Genetic Variation, Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
CIViC (Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Cancer; civicdb.org) is a crowd-sourced, public domain knowledgebase composed of literature-derived evidence characterizing the clinical utility of cancer variants. As clinical sequencing becomes more prevalent in cancer management, the need for cancer variant interpretation has grown beyond the capability of any single institution. CIViC contains peer-reviewed, published literature curated and expertly-moderated into structured data units (Evidence Items) that can be accessed globally and in real time, reducing barriers to clinical variant knowledge sharing. We have extended CIViC's functionality to support emergent variant interpretation guidelines, increase interoperability with other variant resources, and promote widespread dissemination of structured curated data. To support the full breadth of variant interpretation from basic to translational, including integration of somatic and germline variant knowledge and inference of drug response, we have enabled curation of three new Evidence Types (Predisposing, Oncogenic and Functional). The growing CIViC knowledgebase has over 300 contributors and distributes clinically-relevant cancer variant data currently representing >3200 variants in >470 genes from >3100 publications., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.) more...
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- 2023
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7. Standards for the classification of pathogenicity of somatic variants in cancer (oncogenicity): Joint recommendations of Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), and Variant Interpretation for Cancer Consortium (VICC).
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Horak P, Griffith M, Danos AM, Pitel BA, Madhavan S, Liu X, Chow C, Williams H, Carmody L, Barrow-Laing L, Rieke D, Kreutzfeldt S, Stenzinger A, Tamborero D, Benary M, Rajagopal PS, Ida CM, Lesmana H, Satgunaseelan L, Merker JD, Tolstorukov MY, Campregher PV, Warner JL, Rao S, Natesan M, Shen H, Venstrom J, Roy S, Tao K, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Xu X, Ritter DI, Pagel K, Krysiak K, Dubuc A, Akkari YM, Li XS, Lee J, King I, Raca G, Wagner AH, Li MM, Plon SE, Kulkarni S, Griffith OL, Chakravarty D, and Sonkin D more...
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- 2022
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8. Evolution of germline TP53 variant classification in children with cancer.
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Tallis E, Scollon S, Ritter DI, and Plon SE
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- Child, Genetic Testing, Germ Cells, Germ-Line Mutation genetics, Humans, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Li-Fraumeni Syndrome epidemiology, Li-Fraumeni Syndrome genetics
- Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome, caused by germline pathogenic variants in TP53, results in susceptibility to multiple cancers. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and reclassification of variants over time pose management concerns given improved survival with cancer surveillance for LFS patients. We describe the experience of TP53 variant reclassification at a pediatric cancer center., Methods: We reviewed medical records (2010-2019) of 756 patients seen in Texas Children's Cancer Genetics Clinic. We noted initial TP53 classification and any reclassifications. We then classified TP53 variants following ClinGen TP53 variant curation expert panel recommendations using data from ClinVar, medical literature and IARC database., Results: Of 234 patients tested for TP53, 27 (11.5%) reports contained pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants and 7 (3)% contained VUS. By January 2022, 4 of 6 unique VUS and 2 of 16 unique P/LP variants changed interpretations in ClinVar. Reinterpretation of these 4 VUS in ClinVar matched clinical decision at the time of initial report. Applying TP53 VCEP specifications classified 3 VUS to P/LP/benign, and one pathogenic variant to likely benign., Conclusions: Planned review of variant significance is essential, especially for patients with high probability of LFS., Competing Interests: Conficts of interest Sharon Plon is a member of the Scientific Advisory Panel of Baylor Genetics Laboratories. There are no other conflicts of interest to report., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.) more...
- Published
- 2022
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9. Standardized evidence-based approach for assessment of oncogenic and clinical significance of NTRK fusions.
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Saliba J, Church AJ, Rao S, Danos A, Furtado LV, Laetsch T, Zhang L, Nardi V, Lin WH, Ritter DI, Madhavan S, Li MM, Griffith OL, Griffith M, Raca G, and Roy A
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- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing genetics, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing therapeutic use, Adult, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Carcinogenesis, Child, Cytoskeletal Proteins genetics, Cytoskeletal Proteins therapeutic use, Gene Fusion, Humans, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion genetics, Neoplasms diagnosis, Receptor, trkA genetics, Receptor, trkA therapeutic use
- Abstract
Gene fusions involving the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase genes NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, are well established oncogenic drivers in a broad range of pediatric and adult tumors. These fusions are also important actionable markers, predicting often dramatic response to FDA approved kinase inhibitors. Accurate interpretation of the clinical significance of NTRK fusions is a high priority for diagnostic laboratories, but remains challenging and time consuming given the rapid pace of new data accumulation, the diversity of fusion partners and tumor types, and heterogeneous and incomplete information in variant databases and knowledgebases. The ClinGen NTRK Fusions Somatic Cancer Variant Curation Expert Panel (SC-VCEP) was formed to systematically address these challenges and create an expert-curated resource to support clinicians, researchers, patients and their families in making accurate interpretations and informed treatment decisions for NTRK fusion-driven tumors. We describe a system for NTRK fusion interpretation (including compilation of key elements and annotations) developed by the NTRK fusions SC-VCEP. We illustrate this stepwise process on examples of LMNA::NTRK1 and KANK1::NTRK2 fusions. Finally, we provide detailed analysis of current representation of NTRK fusions in public fusion databases and the CIViC knowledgebase, performed by the NTRK fusions SC-VCEP to determine existing gaps and prioritize future curation activities., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2022
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10. A community approach to the cancer-variant-interpretation bottleneck.
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Krysiak K, Danos AM, Kiwala S, McMichael JF, Coffman AC, Barnell EK, Sheta L, Saliba J, Grisdale CJ, Kujan L, Pema S, Lever J, Spies NC, Chiorean A, Rieke DT, Clark KA, Jani P, Takahashi H, Horak P, Ritter DI, Zhou X, Ainscough BJ, Delong S, Lamping M, Marr AR, Li BV, Lin WH, Terraf P, Salama Y, Campbell KM, Farncombe KM, Ji J, Zhao X, Xu X, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Cotto KC, Skidmore ZL, Walker JR, Zhang J, Milosavljevic A, Patel RY, Giles RH, Kim RH, Schriml LM, Mardis ER, Jones SJM, Raca G, Rao S, Madhavan S, Wagner AH, Griffith OL, and Griffith M more...
- Subjects
- Genetic Variation, Humans, Neoplasms diagnosis
- Published
- 2022
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11. ClinGen Variant Curation Interface: a variant classification platform for the application of evidence criteria from ACMG/AMP guidelines.
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Preston CG, Wright MW, Madhavrao R, Harrison SM, Goldstein JL, Luo X, Wand H, Wulf B, Cheung G, Mandell ME, Tong H, Cheng S, Iacocca MA, Pineda AL, Popejoy AB, Dalton K, Zhen J, Dwight SS, Babb L, DiStefano M, O'Daniel JM, Lee K, Riggs ER, Zastrow DB, Mester JL, Ritter DI, Patel RY, Subramanian SL, Milosavljevic A, Berg JS, Rehm HL, Plon SE, Cherry JM, Bustamante CD, and Costa HA more...
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- Humans, Genetic Testing, Genomics, Genetic Variation, Genome, Human
- Abstract
Background: Identification of clinically significant genetic alterations involved in human disease has been dramatically accelerated by developments in next-generation sequencing technologies. However, the infrastructure and accessible comprehensive curation tools necessary for analyzing an individual patient genome and interpreting genetic variants to inform healthcare management have been lacking., Results: Here we present the ClinGen Variant Curation Interface (VCI), a global open-source variant classification platform for supporting the application of evidence criteria and classification of variants based on the ACMG/AMP variant classification guidelines. The VCI is among a suite of tools developed by the NIH-funded Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Consortium and supports an FDA-recognized human variant curation process. Essential to this is the ability to enable collaboration and peer review across ClinGen Expert Panels supporting users in comprehensively identifying, annotating, and sharing relevant evidence while making variant pathogenicity assertions. To facilitate evidence-based improvements in human variant classification, the VCI is publicly available to the genomics community. Navigation workflows support users providing guidance to comprehensively apply the ACMG/AMP evidence criteria and document provenance for asserting variant classifications., Conclusions: The VCI offers a central platform for clinical variant classification that fills a gap in the learning healthcare system, facilitates widespread adoption of standards for clinical curation, and is available at https://curation.clinicalgenome.org., (© 2021. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2022
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12. Correction: Technical standards for the interpretation and reporting of constitutional copy-number variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen).
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Riggs ER, Andersen EF, Cherry AM, Kantarci S, Kearney H, Patel A, Raca G, Ritter DI, South ST, Thorland EC, Pineda-Alvarez D, Aradhya S, and Martin CL
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- 2021
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13. Clinical Genetics Lacks Standard Definitions and Protocols for the Collection and Use of Diversity Measures.
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Popejoy AB, Crooks KR, Fullerton SM, Hindorff LA, Hooker GW, Koenig BA, Pino N, Ramos EM, Ritter DI, Wand H, Wright MW, Yudell M, Zou JY, Plon SE, Bustamante CD, and Ormond KE
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- Adult, Child, Ethnicity, Female, Genetic Variation genetics, Genomics standards, Humans, Male, Precision Medicine standards, Prohibitins, Surveys and Questionnaires, Data Collection standards, Genetic Testing standards
- Abstract
Genetics researchers and clinical professionals rely on diversity measures such as race, ethnicity, and ancestry (REA) to stratify study participants and patients for a variety of applications in research and precision medicine. However, there are no comprehensive, widely accepted standards or guidelines for collecting and using such data in clinical genetics practice. Two NIH-funded research consortia, the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) and Clinical Sequencing Evidence-generating Research (CSER), have partnered to address this issue and report how REA are currently collected, conceptualized, and used. Surveying clinical genetics professionals and researchers (n = 448), we found heterogeneity in the way REA are perceived, defined, and measured, with variation in the perceived importance of REA in both clinical and research settings. The majority of respondents (>55%) felt that REA are at least somewhat important for clinical variant interpretation, ordering genetic tests, and communicating results to patients. However, there was no consensus on the relevance of REA, including how each of these measures should be used in different scenarios and what information they can convey in the context of human genetics. A lack of common definitions and applications of REA across the precision medicine pipeline may contribute to inconsistencies in data collection, missing or inaccurate classifications, and misleading or inconclusive results. Thus, our findings support the need for standardization and harmonization of REA data collection and use in clinical genetics and precision health research., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2020
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14. Response to Maya et al.
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Riggs ER, Andersen EF, Kantarci S, Kearney H, Patel A, Raca G, Ritter DI, South ST, Thorland EC, Pineda-Alvarez D, Aradhya S, and Martin CL
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- Humans, Penetrance
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- 2020
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15. A harmonized meta-knowledgebase of clinical interpretations of somatic genomic variants in cancer.
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Wagner AH, Walsh B, Mayfield G, Tamborero D, Sonkin D, Krysiak K, Deu-Pons J, Duren RP, Gao J, McMurry J, Patterson S, Del Vecchio Fitz C, Pitel BA, Sezerman OU, Ellrott K, Warner JL, Rieke DT, Aittokallio T, Cerami E, Ritter DI, Schriml LM, Freimuth RR, Haendel M, Raca G, Madhavan S, Baudis M, Beckmann JS, Dienstmann R, Chakravarty D, Li XS, Mockus S, Elemento O, Schultz N, Lopez-Bigas N, Lawler M, Goecks J, Griffith M, Griffith OL, and Margolin AA more...
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- Databases, Genetic, Diploidy, Genomics methods, Humans, Knowledge Bases, Precision Medicine methods, Genetic Variation genetics, Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Precision oncology relies on accurate discovery and interpretation of genomic variants, enabling individualized diagnosis, prognosis and therapy selection. We found that six prominent somatic cancer variant knowledgebases were highly disparate in content, structure and supporting primary literature, impeding consensus when evaluating variants and their relevance in a clinical setting. We developed a framework for harmonizing variant interpretations to produce a meta-knowledgebase of 12,856 aggregate interpretations. We demonstrated large gains in overlap between resources across variants, diseases and drugs as a result of this harmonization. We subsequently demonstrated improved matching between a patient cohort and harmonized interpretations of potential clinical significance, observing an increase from an average of 33% per individual knowledgebase to 57% in aggregate. Our analyses illuminate the need for open, interoperable sharing of variant interpretation data. We also provide a freely available web interface (search.cancervariants.org) for exploring the harmonized interpretations from these six knowledgebases. more...
- Published
- 2020
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16. Technical standards for the interpretation and reporting of constitutional copy-number variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen).
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Riggs ER, Andersen EF, Cherry AM, Kantarci S, Kearney H, Patel A, Raca G, Ritter DI, South ST, Thorland EC, Pineda-Alvarez D, Aradhya S, and Martin CL
- Subjects
- Abnormalities, Multiple genetics, Consensus, Genetic Variation genetics, Genome, Human genetics, Genomics standards, Humans, Mutation genetics, United States, DNA Copy Number Variations genetics, Genetic Testing standards, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing standards
- Abstract
Purpose: Copy-number analysis to detect disease-causing losses and gains across the genome is recommended for the evaluation of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and/or multiple congenital anomalies, as well as for fetuses with ultrasound abnormalities. In the decade that this analysis has been in widespread clinical use, tremendous strides have been made in understanding the effects of copy-number variants (CNVs) in both affected individuals and the general population. However, continued broad implementation of array and next-generation sequencing-based technologies will expand the types of CNVs encountered in the clinical setting, as well as our understanding of their impact on human health., Methods: To assist clinical laboratories in the classification and reporting of CNVs, irrespective of the technology used to identify them, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics has developed the following professional standards in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) project., Results: This update introduces a quantitative, evidence-based scoring framework; encourages the implementation of the five-tier classification system widely used in sequence variant classification; and recommends "uncoupling" the evidence-based classification of a variant from its potential implications for a particular individual., Conclusion: These professional standards will guide the evaluation of constitutional CNVs and encourage consistency and transparency across clinical laboratories. more...
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- 2020
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17. Standard operating procedure for curation and clinical interpretation of variants in cancer.
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Danos AM, Krysiak K, Barnell EK, Coffman AC, McMichael JF, Kiwala S, Spies NC, Sheta LM, Pema SP, Kujan L, Clark KA, Wollam AZ, Rao S, Ritter DI, Sonkin D, Raca G, Lin WH, Grisdale CJ, Kim RH, Wagner AH, Madhavan S, Griffith M, and Griffith OL more...
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- Disease Management, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Neoplasms therapy, Clinical Competence, Disease Susceptibility, Knowledge Bases, Neoplasms diagnosis, Neoplasms etiology, Practice Patterns, Physicians'
- Abstract
Manually curated variant knowledgebases and their associated knowledge models are serving an increasingly important role in distributing and interpreting variants in cancer. These knowledgebases vary in their level of public accessibility, and the complexity of the models used to capture clinical knowledge. CIViC (Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Cancer - www.civicdb.org) is a fully open, free-to-use cancer variant interpretation knowledgebase that incorporates highly detailed curation of evidence obtained from peer-reviewed publications and meeting abstracts, and currently holds over 6300 Evidence Items for over 2300 variants derived from over 400 genes. CIViC has seen increased adoption by, and also undertaken collaboration with, a wide range of users and organizations involved in research. To enhance CIViC's clinical value, regular submission to the ClinVar database and pursuit of other regulatory approvals is necessary. For this reason, a formal peer reviewed curation guideline and discussion of the underlying principles of curation is needed. We present here the CIViC knowledge model, standard operating procedures (SOP) for variant curation, and detailed examples to support community-driven curation of cancer variants. more...
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- 2019
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18. A case for expert curation: an overview of cancer curation in the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen).
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Ritter DI, Rao S, Kulkarni S, Madhavan S, Offit K, and Plon SE
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- Antigens, CD genetics, Cadherins genetics, Databases, Genetic standards, Databases, Genetic trends, Genetic Variation genetics, Genome, Human genetics, Genomics methods, Humans, PTEN Phosphohydrolase genetics, Data Curation methods, Information Dissemination methods, Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
We describe the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) cancer-related curation activities and the importance of curation to the evolving state of variant interpretation in a clinical context for both pediatric and adult cancer patients. We highlight specific examples from the CDH1 and PTEN Variant Curation Expert Panels (VCEPs) of the FDA-recognized process by which ClinGen VCEPs specify the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association of Molecular Pathology evidence code to develop variant classifications. We also review gene curations performed within the Hereditary Cancer Clinical Domain. We describe the parallel efforts for curation of somatic cancer variants from the Somatic Cancer Working Group. The ClinGen Germline/Somatic Committee is working to improve incorporation of both hereditary and somatic variant data to aid clinical interpretation. These ClinGen efforts rely on broad data sharing and detailed phenotypic and molecular information from published case studies to provide expert-curated variant interpretation to the cancer community., (© 2019 Ritter et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.) more...
- Published
- 2019
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19. Determining the clinical validity of hereditary colorectal cancer and polyposis susceptibility genes using the Clinical Genome Resource Clinical Validity Framework.
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Seifert BA, McGlaughon JL, Jackson SA, Ritter DI, Roberts ME, Schmidt RJ, Thompson BA, Jimenez S, Trapp M, Lee K, Plon SE, Offit K, Stadler ZK, Zhang L, Greenblatt MS, and Ferber MJ
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- Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Models, Genetic, Risk Assessment, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli genetics, Colorectal Neoplasms genetics, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Testing
- Abstract
Purpose: Gene-disease associations implicated in hereditary colorectal cancer and polyposis susceptibility were evaluated using the ClinGen Clinical Validity framework., Methods: Forty-two gene-disease pairs were assessed for strength of evidence supporting an association with hereditary colorectal cancer and/or polyposis. Genetic and experimental evidence supporting each gene-disease relationship was curated independently by two trained biocurators. Evidence was reviewed with experts and assigned a final clinical validity classification., Results: Of all gene-disease pairs evaluated, 14/42 (33.3%) were Definitive, 1/42 (2.4%) were Strong, 6/42 (14.3%) were Moderate, 18/42 (42.9%) were Limited, and 3/42 (7.1%) were either No Reported Evidence, Disputed, or Refuted. Of panels in the National Institutes of Health Genetic Testing Registry, 4/26 (~15.4%) contain genes with Limited clinical evidence., Conclusion: Clinicians and laboratory diagnosticians should note that <60% of the genes on clinically available panels have Strong or Definitive evidence of association with hereditary colon cancer or polyposis, and >40% have only Moderate, Limited, Disputed, or Refuted evidence. Continuing to expand the structured assessment of the clinical relevance of genes listed on hereditary cancer testing panels will help clinicians and diagnostic laboratories focus the communication of genetic testing results on clinically significant genes. more...
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- 2019
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20. Clinical validity assessment of genes frequently tested on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility sequencing panels.
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Lee K, Seifert BA, Shimelis H, Ghosh R, Crowley SB, Carter NJ, Doonanco K, Foreman AK, Ritter DI, Jimenez S, Trapp M, Offit K, Plon SE, and Couch FJ
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- Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, Humans, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Ovarian Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Purpose: Several genes on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility test panels have not been systematically examined for strength of association with disease. We employed the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) clinical validity framework to assess the strength of evidence between selected genes and breast or ovarian cancer., Methods: Thirty-one genes offered on cancer panel testing were selected for evaluation. The strength of gene-disease relationship was systematically evaluated and a clinical validity classification of either Definitive, Strong, Moderate, Limited, Refuted, Disputed, or No Reported Evidence was assigned., Results: Definitive clinical validity classifications were made for 10/31 and 10/32 gene-disease pairs for breast and ovarian cancer respectively. Two genes had a Moderate classification whereas, 6/31 and 6/32 genes had Limited classifications for breast and ovarian cancer respectively. Contradictory evidence resulted in Disputed or Refuted assertions for 9/31 genes for breast and 4/32 genes for ovarian cancer. No Reported Evidence of disease association was asserted for 5/31 genes for breast and 11/32 for ovarian cancer., Conclusion: Evaluation of gene-disease association using the ClinGen clinical validity framework revealed a wide range of classifications. This information should aid laboratories in tailoring appropriate gene panels and assist health-care providers in interpreting results from panel testing. more...
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- 2019
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21. Adapting crowdsourced clinical cancer curation in CIViC to the ClinGen minimum variant level data community-driven standards.
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Danos AM, Ritter DI, Wagner AH, Krysiak K, Sonkin D, Micheel C, McCoy M, Rao S, Raca G, Boca SM, Roy A, Barnell EK, McMichael JF, Kiwala S, Coffman AC, Kujan L, Kulkarni S, Griffith M, Madhavan S, and Griffith OL more...
- Subjects
- Databases, Genetic, Genetic Testing, Genetic Variation genetics, Genomics, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Software, Genome, Human genetics, Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Harmonization of cancer variant representation, efficient communication, and free distribution of clinical variant-associated knowledge are central problems that arise with increased usage of clinical next-generation sequencing. The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Somatic Working Group (WG) developed a minimal variant level data (MVLD) representation of cancer variants, and has an ongoing collaboration with Clinical Interpretations of Variants in Cancer (CIViC), an open-source platform supporting crowdsourced and expert-moderated cancer variant curation. Harmonization between MVLD and CIViC variant formats was assessed by formal field-by-field analysis. Adjustments to the CIViC format were made to harmonize with MVLD and support ClinGen Somatic WG curation activities, including four new features in CIViC: (1) introduction of an assertions feature for clinical variant assessment following the Association of Molecular Pathologists (AMP) guidelines, (2) group-level curation tracking for organizations, enabling member transparency, and curation effort summaries, (3) introduction of ClinGen Allele Registry IDs to CIViC, and (4) mapping of CIViC assertions into ClinVar submission with automated submissions. A generalizable workflow utilizing MVLD and new CIViC features is outlined for use by ClinGen Somatic WG task teams for curation and submission to ClinVar, and provides a model for promoting harmonization of cancer variant representation and efficient distribution of this information., (© 2018 The Authors. Human Mutation published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) more...
- Published
- 2018
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22. The clinical imperative for inclusivity: Race, ethnicity, and ancestry (REA) in genomics.
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Popejoy AB, Ritter DI, Crooks K, Currey E, Fullerton SM, Hindorff LA, Koenig B, Ramos EM, Sorokin EP, Wand H, Wright MW, Zou J, Gignoux CR, Bonham VL, Plon SE, and Bustamante CD
- Subjects
- Alleles, Ethnicity, Genetic Testing methods, Genomics methods, Humans, Mutation, Prohibitins, Genetic Variation genetics
- Abstract
The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Ancestry and Diversity Working Group highlights the need to develop guidance on race, ethnicity, and ancestry (REA) data collection and use in clinical genomics. We present quantitative and qualitative evidence to characterize: (1) acquisition of REA data via clinical laboratory requisition forms, and (2) information disparity across populations in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) at clinically relevant sites ascertained from annotations in ClinVar. Our requisition form analysis showed substantial heterogeneity in clinical laboratory ascertainment of REA, as well as marked incongruity among terms used to define REA categories. There was also striking disparity across REA populations in the amount of information available about clinically relevant variants in gnomAD. European ancestral populations constituted the majority of observations (55.8%), allele counts (59.7%), and private alleles (56.1%) in gnomAD at 550 loci with "pathogenic" and "likely pathogenic" expert-reviewed variants in ClinVar. Our findings highlight the importance of implementing and supporting programs to increase diversity in genome sequencing and clinical genomics, as well as measuring uncertainty around population-level datasets that are used in variant interpretation. Finally, we suggest the need for a standardized REA data collection framework to be developed through partnerships and collaborations and adopted across clinical genomics., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) more...
- Published
- 2018
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23. Integrating somatic variant data and biomarkers for germline variant classification in cancer predisposition genes.
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Walsh MF, Ritter DI, Kesserwan C, Sonkin D, Chakravarty D, Chao E, Ghosh R, Kemel Y, Wu G, Lee K, Kulkarni S, Hedges D, Mandelker D, Ceyhan-Birsoy O, Luo M, Drazer M, Zhang L, Offit K, and Plon SE
- Subjects
- Alleles, Computational Biology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genetic Testing methods, Genomics, Germ-Line Mutation genetics, Humans, Genetic Variation genetics, Genome, Human genetics, Mutation genetics
- Abstract
In its landmark paper about Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation of Sequence Variants, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), and Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) did not address how to use tumor data when assessing the pathogenicity of germline variants. The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) established a multidisciplinary working group, the Germline/Somatic Variant Subcommittee (GSVS) with this focus. The GSVS implemented a survey to determine current practices of integrating somatic data when classifying germline variants in cancer predisposition genes. The GSVS then reviewed and analyzed available resources of relevant somatic data, and performed integrative germline variant curation exercises. The committee determined that somatic hotspots could be systematically integrated into moderate evidence of pathogenicity (PM1). Tumor RNA sequencing data showing altered splicing may be considered as strong evidence in support of germline pathogenicity (PVS1) and tumor phenotypic features such as mutational signatures be considered supporting evidence of pathogenicity (PP4). However, at present, somatic data such as focal loss of heterozygosity and mutations occurring on the alternative allele are not recommended to be systematically integrated, instead, incorporation of this type of data should take place under the advisement of multidisciplinary cancer center tumor-normal sequencing boards., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) more...
- Published
- 2018
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24. Pathogenic Germline Variants in 10,389 Adult Cancers.
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Huang KL, Mashl RJ, Wu Y, Ritter DI, Wang J, Oh C, Paczkowska M, Reynolds S, Wyczalkowski MA, Oak N, Scott AD, Krassowski M, Cherniack AD, Houlahan KE, Jayasinghe R, Wang LB, Zhou DC, Liu D, Cao S, Kim YW, Koire A, McMichael JF, Hucthagowder V, Kim TB, Hahn A, Wang C, McLellan MD, Al-Mulla F, Johnson KJ, Lichtarge O, Boutros PC, Raphael B, Lazar AJ, Zhang W, Wendl MC, Govindan R, Jain S, Wheeler D, Kulkarni S, Dipersio JF, Reimand J, Meric-Bernstam F, Chen K, Shmulevich I, Plon SE, Chen F, and Ding L more...
- Subjects
- DNA Copy Number Variations, Databases, Genetic, Gene Deletion, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Germ Cells cytology, Germ-Line Mutation, Humans, Loss of Heterozygosity genetics, Mutation, Missense, Neoplasms genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret genetics, Tumor Suppressor Proteins genetics, Germ Cells metabolism, Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
We conducted the largest investigation of predisposition variants in cancer to date, discovering 853 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 8% of 10,389 cases from 33 cancer types. Twenty-one genes showed single or cross-cancer associations, including novel associations of SDHA in melanoma and PALB2 in stomach adenocarcinoma. The 659 predisposition variants and 18 additional large deletions in tumor suppressors, including ATM, BRCA1, and NF1, showed low gene expression and frequent (43%) loss of heterozygosity or biallelic two-hit events. We also discovered 33 such variants in oncogenes, including missenses in MET, RET, and PTPN11 associated with high gene expression. We nominated 47 additional predisposition variants from prioritized VUSs supported by multiple evidences involving case-control frequency, loss of heterozygosity, expression effect, and co-localization with mutations and modified residues. Our integrative approach links rare predisposition variants to functional consequences, informing future guidelines of variant classification and germline genetic testing in cancer., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2018
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25. Somatic cancer variant curation and harmonization through consensus minimum variant level data.
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Ritter DI, Roychowdhury S, Roy A, Rao S, Landrum MJ, Sonkin D, Shekar M, Davis CF, Hart RK, Micheel C, Weaver M, Van Allen EM, Parsons DW, McLeod HL, Watson MS, Plon SE, Kulkarni S, and Madhavan S
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Databases, Genetic, Gene Frequency, Humans, Precision Medicine, Data Curation standards, Genetic Variation, Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Background: To truly achieve personalized medicine in oncology, it is critical to catalog and curate cancer sequence variants for their clinical relevance. The Somatic Working Group (WG) of the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen), in cooperation with ClinVar and multiple cancer variant curation stakeholders, has developed a consensus set of minimal variant level data (MVLD). MVLD is a framework of standardized data elements to curate cancer variants for clinical utility. With implementation of MVLD standards, and in a working partnership with ClinVar, we aim to streamline the somatic variant curation efforts in the community and reduce redundancy and time burden for the interpretation of cancer variants in clinical practice., Methods: We developed MVLD through a consensus approach by i) reviewing clinical actionability interpretations from institutions participating in the WG, ii) conducting extensive literature search of clinical somatic interpretation schemas, and iii) survey of cancer variant web portals. A forthcoming guideline on cancer variant interpretation, from the Association of Molecular Pathology (AMP), can be incorporated into MVLD., Results: Along with harmonizing standardized terminology for allele interpretive and descriptive fields that are collected by many databases, the MVLD includes unique fields for cancer variants such as Biomarker Class, Therapeutic Context and Effect. In addition, MVLD includes recommendations for controlled semantics and ontologies. The Somatic WG is collaborating with ClinVar to evaluate MVLD use for somatic variant submissions. ClinVar is an open and centralized repository where sequencing laboratories can report summary-level variant data with clinical significance, and ClinVar accepts cancer variant data., Conclusions: We expect the use of the MVLD to streamline clinical interpretation of cancer variants, enhance interoperability among multiple redundant curation efforts, and increase submission of somatic variants to ClinVar, all of which will enhance translation to clinical oncology practice. more...
- Published
- 2016
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26. Destabilized SMC5/6 complex leads to chromosome breakage syndrome with severe lung disease.
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van der Crabben SN, Hennus MP, McGregor GA, Ritter DI, Nagamani SC, Wells OS, Harakalova M, Chinn IK, Alt A, Vondrova L, Hochstenbach R, van Montfrans JM, Terheggen-Lagro SW, van Lieshout S, van Roosmalen MJ, Renkens I, Duran K, Nijman IJ, Kloosterman WP, Hennekam E, Orange JS, van Hasselt PM, Wheeler DA, Palecek JJ, Lehmann AR, Oliver AW, Pearl LH, Plon SE, Murray JM, and van Haaften G more...
- Subjects
- Alleles, B-Lymphocytes cytology, Cell Proliferation, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Chromosome Segregation, Chromosomes ultrastructure, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, Family Health, Female, Fibroblasts metabolism, Homozygote, Humans, Infant, Male, Meiosis, Mitosis, Mutation, Missense, Pedigree, Recombination, Genetic, Syndrome, T-Lymphocytes cytology, Abnormalities, Multiple genetics, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Chromosome Breakage, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Lung Diseases genetics
- Abstract
The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family of proteins supports mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and DNA repair to control genomic stability. Impairments in chromosome maintenance are linked to rare chromosome breakage disorders. Here, we have identified a chromosome breakage syndrome associated with severe lung disease in early childhood. Four children from two unrelated kindreds died of severe pulmonary disease during infancy following viral pneumonia with evidence of combined T and B cell immunodeficiency. Whole exome sequencing revealed biallelic missense mutations in the NSMCE3 (also known as NDNL2) gene, which encodes a subunit of the SMC5/6 complex that is essential for DNA damage response and chromosome segregation. The NSMCE3 mutations disrupted interactions within the SMC5/6 complex, leading to destabilization of the complex. Patient cells showed chromosome rearrangements, micronuclei, sensitivity to replication stress and DNA damage, and defective homologous recombination. This work associates missense mutations in NSMCE3 with an autosomal recessive chromosome breakage syndrome that leads to defective T and B cell function and acute respiratory distress syndrome in early childhood. more...
- Published
- 2016
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27. SV-STAT accurately detects structural variation via alignment to reference-based assemblies.
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Davis CF, Ritter DI, Wheeler DA, Wang H, Ding Y, Dugan SP, Bainbridge MN, Muzny DM, Rao PH, Man TK, Plon SE, Gibbs RA, and Lau CC
- Abstract
Background: Genomic deletions, inversions, and other rearrangements known collectively as structural variations (SVs) are implicated in many human disorders. Technologies for sequencing DNA provide a potentially rich source of information in which to detect breakpoints of structural variations at base-pair resolution. However, accurate prediction of SVs remains challenging, and existing informatics tools predict rearrangements with significant rates of false positives or negatives., Results: To address this challenge, we developed 'Structural Variation detection by STAck and Tail' (SV-STAT) which implements a novel scoring metric. The software uses this statistic to quantify evidence for structural variation in genomic regions suspected of harboring rearrangements. To demonstrate SV-STAT, we used targeted and genome-wide approaches. First, we applied a custom capture array followed by Roche/454 and SV-STAT to three pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias, identifying five structural variations joining known and novel breakpoint regions. Next, we detected SVs genome-wide in paired-end Illumina data collected from additional tumor samples. SV-STAT showed predictive accuracy as high as or higher than leading alternatives. The software is freely available under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 at https://gitorious.org/svstat/svstat., Conclusions: SV-STAT works across multiple sequencing chemistries, paired and single-end technologies, targeted or whole-genome strategies, and it complements existing SV-detection software. The method is a significant advance towards accurate detection and genotyping of genomic rearrangements from DNA sequencing data. more...
- Published
- 2016
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28. Pharmacogenetic characterization of naturally occurring germline NT5C1A variants to chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs.
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Saliba J, Zabriskie R, Ghosh R, Powell BC, Hicks S, Kimmel M, Meng Q, Ritter DI, Wheeler DA, Gibbs RA, Tsai FT, and Plon SE
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- 5'-Nucleotidase chemistry, Cell Survival drug effects, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation drug effects, 5'-Nucleotidase genetics, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Germ-Line Mutation genetics, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms genetics, Pharmacogenetics
- Abstract
Background: Mutations or alterations in expression of the 5' nucleotidase gene family can lead to altered responses to treatment with nucleoside analogs. While investigating leukemia susceptibility genes, we discovered a very rare p.L254P NT5C1A missense variant in the substrate recognition motif. Given the paucity of cellular drug response data from the NT5C1A germline variation, we characterized p.L254P and eight rare variants of NT5C1A from genomic databases., Materials and Methods: Through lentiviral infection, we created HEK293 cell lines that stably overexpress wild-type NT5C1A, p.L254P, or eight NT5C1A variants reported in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Exome Variant Server (one truncating and seven missense). IC50 values were determined by cytotoxicity assays after exposure to chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs (cladribine, gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil). In addition, we used structure-based homology modeling to generate a three-dimensional model for the C-terminal region of NT5C1A., Results: The p.R180X (truncating), p.A214T, and p.L254P missense changes were the only variants that significantly impaired protein function across all nucleotide analogs tested (>5-fold difference vs. wild-type; P<0.05). Several of the remaining variants individually showed differential effects (both more and less resistant) across the analogs tested. The homology model provided a structural framework to understand the impact of NT5C1A mutants on catalysis and drug processing. The model predicted active site residues within NT5C1A motif III and we experimentally confirmed that p.K314 (not p.K320) is required for NT5C1A activity., Conclusion: We characterized germline variation and predicted protein structures of NT5C1A. Individual missense changes showed considerable variation in response to the different nucleoside analogs tested, which may impact patients' responses to treatment. more...
- Published
- 2016
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29. Identifying gene disruptions in novel balanced de novo constitutional translocations in childhood cancer patients by whole-genome sequencing.
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Ritter DI, Haines K, Cheung H, Davis CF, Lau CC, Berg JS, Brown CW, Thompson PA, Gibbs R, Wheeler DA, and Plon SE
- Subjects
- Adenoma diagnosis, Adenoma genetics, Adult, Age Factors, Base Sequence, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromosome Breakpoints, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6, DCC Receptor, DNA Copy Number Variations, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Female, Genomics, Humans, INDEL Mutation, Liver Neoplasms diagnosis, Liver Neoplasms genetics, Male, Membrane Proteins genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasms diagnosis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Cell Surface genetics, Tumor Suppressor Proteins genetics, Genetic Association Studies, Genome, Human, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Neoplasms genetics, Translocation, Genetic
- Abstract
Purpose: We applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to children diagnosed with neoplasms and found to carry apparently balanced constitutional translocations to discover novel genic disruptions., Methods: We applied the structural variation (SV) calling programs CREST, BreakDancer, SV-STAT, and CGAP-CNV, and we developed an annotative filtering strategy to achieve nucleotide resolution at the translocations., Results: We identified the breakpoints for t(6;12)(p21.1;q24.31), disrupting HNF1A in a patient diagnosed with hepatic adenomas and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Translocation as the disruptive event of HNF1A, a gene known to be involved in MODY3, has not been previously reported. In a subject with Hodgkin lymphoma and subsequent low-grade glioma, we identified t(5;18)(q35.1;q21.2), disrupting both SLIT3 and DCC, genes previously implicated in both glioma and lymphoma., Conclusion: These examples suggest that implementing clinical WGS in the diagnostic workup of patients with novel but apparently balanced translocations may reveal unanticipated disruption of disease-associated genes and aid in prediction of the clinical phenotype. more...
- Published
- 2015
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30. Assessing structural variation in a personal genome-towards a human reference diploid genome.
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English AC, Salerno WJ, Hampton OA, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Ambreth S, Ritter DI, Beck CR, Davis CF, Dahdouli M, Ma S, Carroll A, Veeraraghavan N, Bruestle J, Drees B, Hastie A, Lam ET, White S, Mishra P, Wang M, Han Y, Zhang F, Stankiewicz P, Wheeler DA, Reid JG, Muzny DM, Rogers J, Sabo A, Worley KC, Lupski JR, Boerwinkle E, and Gibbs RA more...
- Subjects
- Computational Biology, Databases, Genetic, Diploidy, Humans, Software, Genome, Human, Genomic Structural Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods
- Abstract
Background: Characterizing large genomic variants is essential to expanding the research and clinical applications of genome sequencing. While multiple data types and methods are available to detect these structural variants (SVs), they remain less characterized than smaller variants because of SV diversity, complexity, and size. These challenges are exacerbated by the experimental and computational demands of SV analysis. Here, we characterize the SV content of a personal genome with Parliament, a publicly available consensus SV-calling infrastructure that merges multiple data types and SV detection methods., Results: We demonstrate Parliament's efficacy via integrated analyses of data from whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization, short-read next-generation sequencing, long-read (Pacific BioSciences RSII), long-insert (Illumina Nextera), and whole-genome architecture (BioNano Irys) data from the personal genome of a single subject (HS1011). From this genome, Parliament identified 31,007 genomic loci between 100 bp and 1 Mbp that are inconsistent with the hg19 reference assembly. Of these loci, 9,777 are supported as putative SVs by hybrid local assembly, long-read PacBio data, or multi-source heuristics. These SVs span 59 Mbp of the reference genome (1.8%) and include 3,801 events identified only with long-read data. The HS1011 data and complete Parliament infrastructure, including a BAM-to-SV workflow, are available on the cloud-based service DNAnexus., Conclusions: HS1011 SV analysis reveals the limits and advantages of multiple sequencing technologies, specifically the impact of long-read SV discovery. With the full Parliament infrastructure, the HS1011 data constitute a public resource for novel SV discovery, software calibration, and personal genome structural variation analysis. more...
- Published
- 2015
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31. Transcriptional enhancers in protein-coding exons of vertebrate developmental genes.
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Ritter DI, Dong Z, Guo S, and Chuang JH
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Zebrafish, Enhancer Elements, Genetic genetics, Exons genetics, Genes, Developmental genetics, Vertebrates genetics
- Abstract
Many conserved noncoding sequences function as transcriptional enhancers that regulate gene expression. Here, we report that protein-coding DNA also frequently contains enhancers functioning at the transcriptional level. We tested the enhancer activity of 31 protein-coding exons, which we chose based on strong sequence conservation between zebrafish and human, and occurrence in developmental genes, using a Tol2 transposable GFP reporter assay in zebrafish. For each exon we measured GFP expression in hundreds of embryos in 10 anatomies via a novel system that implements the voice-recognition capabilities of a cellular phone. We find that 24/31 (77%) exons drive GFP expression compared to a minimal promoter control, and 14/24 are anatomy-specific (expression in four anatomies or less). GFP expression driven by these coding enhancers frequently overlaps the anatomies where the host gene is expressed (60%), suggesting self-regulation. Highly conserved coding sequences and highly conserved noncoding sequences do not significantly differ in enhancer activity (coding: 24/31 vs. noncoding: 105/147) or tissue-specificity (coding: 14/24 vs. noncoding: 50/105). Furthermore, coding and noncoding enhancers display similar levels of the enhancer-related histone modification H3K4me1 (coding: 9/24 vs noncoding: 34/81). Meanwhile, coding enhancers are over three times as likely to contain an H3K4me1 mark as other exons of the host gene. Our work suggests that developmental transcriptional enhancers do not discriminate between coding and noncoding DNA and reveals widespread dual functions in protein-coding DNA. more...
- Published
- 2012
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32. The importance of being cis: evolution of orthologous fish and mammalian enhancer activity.
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Ritter DI, Li Q, Kostka D, Pollard KS, Guo S, and Chuang JH
- Subjects
- Animals, Conserved Sequence genetics, DNA, Intergenic genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Mice, ROC Curve, Zebrafish, Enhancer Elements, Genetic genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Regulatory Networks genetics, Transcription Factors genetics
- Abstract
Conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) in vertebrate genomes often act as developmental enhancers, but a critical issue is how well orthologous CNE sequences retain the same activity in their respective species, a characteristic important for generalization of model organism studies. To quantify how well CNE enhancer activity has been preserved, we compared the anatomy-specific activities of 41 zebra fish CNEs in zebra fish embryos with the activities of orthologous human CNEs in mouse embryos. We found that 13/41 (∼30%) of the orthologous CNE pairs exhibit conserved positive activity in zebra fish and mouse. Conserved positive activity is only weakly associated with either sequence conservation or the absence of bases undergoing accelerated evolution. A stronger effect is that disparate activity is associated with transcription factor binding site divergence. To distinguish the contributions of cis- versus trans-regulatory changes, we analyzed 13 CNEs in a three-way experimental comparison: human CNE tested in zebra fish, human CNE tested in mouse, and orthologous zebra fish CNE tested in zebra fish. Both cis- and trans-changes affect a significant fraction of CNEs, although human and zebra fish sequences exhibit disparate activity in zebra fish (indicating cis regulatory changes) twice as often as human sequences show disparate activity when tested in mouse and zebra fish (indicating trans regulatory changes). In all four cases where the zebra fish and human CNE display a similar expression pattern in zebra fish, the human CNE also displays a similar expression pattern in mouse. This suggests that the endogenous enhancer activity of ∼30% of human CNEs can be determined from experiments in zebra fish alone, and to identify these CNEs, both the zebra fish and the human sequences should be tested. more...
- Published
- 2010
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33. cneViewer: a database of conserved non-coding elements for studies of tissue-specific gene regulation.
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Persampieri J, Ritter DI, Lees D, Lehoczky J, Li Q, Guo S, and Chuang JH
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, Conserved Sequence, DNA chemistry, Humans, Internet, Molecular Sequence Data, Software, Computational Biology methods, Databases, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Zebrafish genetics
- Abstract
There are thousands of strongly conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) in vertebrate genomes, and their functions remain largely unknown. However, without biologically relevant criteria for prioritizing them, selecting a particular CNE sequences to study can be haphazard. To address this problem, we present cneViewer-a database and webtool that systematizes information on conserved non-coding DNA elements in zebrafish. A key feature here is the ability to search for CNEs that may be relevant to tissue-specific gene regulation, based on known developmental expression patterns of nearby genes. cneViewer provides this and other organizing features that significantly facilitate experimental design and CNE analysis. more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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