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5. Management of the infant born to a mother with tuberculosis: a systematic review and consensus practice guideline

Author

Hasan, Nadia, Nourse, Clare, Schaaf, H Simon, Bekker, Adrie, Loveday, Marian, Alcântara Gabardo, Betina M, Coulter, Christopher, Chabala, Chishala, Kabra, Sushil, Moore, Eilish, Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, Salazar-Austin, Nicole, Ritz, Nicole, Starke, Jeffrey R, Steenhoff, Andrew P, Triasih, Rina, Welch, Steven B, and Marais, Ben J

Published
2024
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8. Aktualisierte Empfehlungen zur infektiologischen Versorgung von Flüchtlingen im Kindes- und Jugendalter in Deutschland (Stand 30. März 2022), angemeldet als S1-Leitlinie (AWMF-Register Nr. 048-017): Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie e. V. (DGPI), der Gesellschaft für Tropenpädiatrie und Internationale Kindergesundheit e. V. (GTP), des Berufsverbandes der Kinder- und Jugendärzte e. V. (BVKJ) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin e. V. (DGKJ), unter Mitarbeit des Berufsverbands der Ärztinnen und Ärzte des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes e. V. (BVÖGD), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinderchirurgie e. V. (DGKCH), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe e. V. (DGGG), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM), des Bündnis Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit e. V. (früher Deutsche Akademie für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, DAKJ), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e. V. (DTG), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Globale und Tropenchirurgie e. V. (DTC) und der Pädiatrisch Infektiologischen Gruppe Schweiz (PIGS)

Author

Pfeil, Johannes, Assaad, Kholoud, von Both, Ulrich, Janda, Aleš, Kitz, Christa, Kobbe, Robin, Kunze, Mirjam, Lindert, Judith, Ritz, Nicole, Trapp, Stefan, and Hufnagel, Markus

Published
2022
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9. Tuberculosis disease in immunocompromised children and adolescents: a pTBnet multi-centre case-control study

Author

Rodríguez-Molino, Paula, primary, Tebruegge, Marc, additional, Noguera-Julian, Antoni, additional, Neth, Olaf, additional, Fidler, Katy, additional, Brinkmann, Folke, additional, Sainz, Talia, additional, Ivaskeviciene, Inga, additional, Ritz, Nicole, additional, Brito, Maria Joao, additional, Milheiro Silva, Tiago, additional, Chechenieva, Vira, additional, Serdiuk, Maryna, additional, Lancella, Laura, additional, Russo, Cristina, additional, Soler-García, Aleix, additional, Navarro, Maria Luisa, additional, Krueger, Renate, additional, Feiterna-Sperling, Cornelia, additional, Starshinova, Anna, additional, Hiteva, Antonina, additional, Hoffmann, Anna, additional, Kalibatas, Paulius, additional, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, additional, Scarano, Sara Maria, additional, Bustillo, Matilde, additional, Blázquez Gamero, Daniel, additional, Espiau, María, additional, Buonsenso, Danilo, additional, Falcón, Lola, additional, Turnbull, Louise, additional, Colino, Elena, additional, Rueda, Santiago, additional, Buxbaum, Charlotte, additional, Carazo, Begoña, additional, Alvarez, Cristina, additional, Dapena, Marta, additional, Piqueras, Anabel, additional, Velizarova, Svetlana, additional, Ozere, Iveta, additional, Götzinger, Florian, additional, Pareja, Marta, additional, Garrote Llanos, Maria Isabel, additional, Soto, Beatriz, additional, Rodríguez Martín, Sonia, additional, Korta, Jose Javier, additional, Pérez-Gorricho, Beatriz, additional, Herranz, Mercedes, additional, Hernández-Bartolomé, Ángel, additional, Díaz-Almirón, Mariana, additional, Kohns Vasconcelos, Malte, additional, Ferreras-Antolín, Laura, additional, and Santiago-García, Begoña, additional

Published
2024
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10. Mycobacterial infections in adults with haematological malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplants: guidelines from the 8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia

Author

Greinix, Hildegard, Maertens, Johan, De Greef, Julien, Slavin, Monica, Spriet, Isabel, Hubacek, Petr, Bergeron, Anne, Cordonnier, Catherine, Kanerva, Jukka, Herbrecht, Raoul, Herrmann, Jean-Louis, Lanternier, Fanny, Bondeelle, Louise, Robin, Christine, Einsele, Hermann, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Groll, Andreas, Maschmeyer, Georg, Lange, Christoph, von Lilienfeld-Toal, Marie, Pana, Dorothea, Roilides, Emmanuel, Kassa, Csaba, Averbuch, Diana, Engelhard, Dan, Cesaro, Simone, Mikulska, Malgorzata, Pagano, Livio, Castagnola, Elio, Compagno, Francesca, Goletti, Delia, Mesini, Alessio, Donnelly, Peter J, Styczynski, Jan, Botelho de Sousa, Aida, Aljurf, Mahmoud, de la Camara, Rafael, Navarro, David, Rovira, Montserrat, Franquet, Tomas, Garcia-Vidal, Carol, Ljungman, Per, Paukssen, Karlis, Ammann, Roland, Lamoth, Frédéric, Hirsch, Hans, Ritz, Nicole, Akova, Murat, Ceesay, Mansour, Warris, Adilia, Chemaly, Roy, and Donnelly, J Peter

Published
2022
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15. Diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in children with a novel skin test and the traditional tuberculin skin test: An observational study.

Author

Fritschi, Nora, Gureva, Tatyana, Eliseev, Platon, Jackson, Charlotte, Milanzi, Edith, Crichton, Siobhan, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Turkova, Anna, Mariandyshev, Andrei, and Ritz, Nicole

Abstract

Background: A novel skin test–called Diaskintest (DT)—containing specific M. tuberculosis antigens is in clinical use in the Russian Federation (RF). This test may improve diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The use and performance of the DT was described and compared to the tuberculin skin test (TST). Methods: Data on children <18 years referred to a TB reference centre (Jan/2018- Dec/2019) with ≥1 DT and TST result available were analysed. An immune correlate of TB infection was defined as a positive TST (≥10 mm induration) or a positive DT (any induration). Results: Of 2710 included cases, the median age was 9.0 (IQR 5.7–13.1) years and 97.5% were BCG immunised. Overall, 1976 (79.9%) were TB uninfected, 724 (26.7%) had an immune correlate of TB infection and 10 (0.4%) TB disease. Reasons for referral were: positive or increasing skin test results in routine screening (992, 36.6%), screening before admission to a health care institution (501, 18.5%) and TB contact (457, 16.9%). DT was positive in 11.7% (308/2625) and TST in 63.1% (467/740) (Kappa 0.08, 95% CI:0.013–0.14). A positive DT was associated with older age (OR 1.16 (95% CI: 1.13–1.19) per year). Among TB contacts DT positivity was associated with contagiousness: highest proportion of positivity of 12.0% was observed when the index case was smear positive. Conclusion: In a setting with universal BCG vaccination and regular screening with TST, DT was used to rule out TB infection as TST was commonly positive. We found an association of DT positivity and contagiousness of the index case in children contacts. These observations may suggest improved specificity and sensitivity of DT compared to TST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Tuberculosis Disease in Immunocompromised Children and Adolescents: A Pediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group Multicenter Case-control Study.

Author

Rodríguez-Molino, Paula, Tebruegge, Marc, Noguera-Julian, Antoni, Neth, Olaf, Fidler, Katy, Brinkmann, Folke, Sainz, Talia, Ivaskeviciene, Inga, Ritz, Nicole, Brito, Maria Joao, Silva, Tiago Milheiro, Chechenieva, Vira, Serdiuk, Maryna, Lancella, Laura, Russo, Cristina, Soler-García, Aleix, Navarro, Maria Luisa, Krueger, Renate, Feiterna-Sperling, Cornelia, and Starshinova, Anna

Subjects
TUBERCULOSIS diagnosis, PREVENTION of communicable diseases, TUBERCULOSIS epidemiology, HIV infection complications, RISK assessment, DISEASE duration, RESEARCH funding, IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients, TREATMENT effectiveness, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ANTITUBERCULAR agents, PEDIATRICS, ODDS ratio, RESEARCH, CASE-control method, TUBERCULIN test, CONFIDENCE intervals, TUBERCULOSIS, IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, ADOLESCENCE, CHILDREN
Abstract

Background In high-resource settings, the survival of children with immunocompromise (IC) has increased and immunosuppressive therapies are increasingly being used. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics, performance of diagnostic tools, and outcome of IC children with tuberculosis (TB) in Europe. Methods Multicenter, matched case-control study within the Pediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group, capturing TB cases <18 years diagnosed 2000–2020. Results A total of 417 TB cases were included, comprising 139 children who are IC (human immunodeficiency virus, inborn errors of immunity, drug-induced immunosuppression, and other immunocompromising conditions) and 278 non-IC children as controls. Nonrespiratory TB was more frequent among cases than controls (32.4% vs 21.2%; P =.013). Patients with IC had an increased likelihood of presenting with severe disease (57.6% vs 38.5%; P <.001; odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.073 [1.37–3.13]). Children with IC had higher rates of false-negative tuberculin skin test (31.9% vs 6.0%; P <.001) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay (30.0% vs 7.3%; P <.001) results at diagnosis. Overall, the microbiological confirmation rate was similar in IC and non-IC cases (58.3% vs 49.3%; P =.083). Although the mortality in children with IC was <1%, the rate of long-term sequelae was significantly higher than in non-IC cases (14.8% vs 6.1%; P =.004). Conclusions Children with IC and TB in Europe have increased rates of nonrespiratory TB, severe disease, and long-term sequelae. Immune-based TB tests have poor sensitivity in those children. Future research should focus on developing improved immunological TB tests that perform better in patients with IC, and determining the reasons for the increased risk of long-term sequelae, with the aim to design preventive management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Preventing tuberculosis in paediatric kidney transplant recipients: is there a role for BCG immunisation pre-transplantation in low tuberculosis incidence countries?

Author

Bamford, Alasdair, Dixon, Garth, Klein, Nigel, Marks, Stephen D., Ritz, Nicole, Welch, Steven B., and Tebruegge, Marc

Subjects
Children -- Surgery, Tuberculosis -- Prevention, Preoperative care -- Patient outcomes, BCG vaccination -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract

The risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease is increased in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), even higher in stage 5 CKD/kidney failure and especially high after kidney transplantation due to immunosuppression. TB disease may follow recent primary infection, or result from reactivation of latent infection. Reactivation is more common in adults, while progression following primary infection makes up a greater proportion of disease in children. Recommendations for preventing TB disease in some low TB incidence countries have previously included offering Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to all children listed for kidney transplant if they had not received this as part of previous national immunisation programmes. Based on the available evidence, we recommend modifying this practice, focusing instead on awareness of risk factors for TB exposure, infection and disease and the use of appropriate testing strategies to identify and treat TB infection and disease., Author(s): Alasdair Bamford [sup.1] [sup.2] , Garth Dixon [sup.3] [sup.2] , Nigel Klein [sup.1] [sup.2] , Stephen D. Marks [sup.4] [sup.2] , Nicole Ritz [sup.5] [sup.6] , Steven B. Welch [...]

Published
2021
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20. 8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia: 2020 guidelines for the use of antibiotics in paediatric patients with cancer or post-haematopoietic cell transplantation

Author

Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Averbuch, Dina, Castagnola, Elio, Cesaro, Simone, Ammann, Roland A, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Kanerva, Jukka, Lanternier, Fanny, Mesini, Alessio, Mikulska, Malgorzata, Pana, Dorothea, Ritz, Nicole, Slavin, Monica, Styczynski, Jan, Warris, Adilia, and Groll, Andreas H

Published
2021
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21. 8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia: 2020 guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of invasive fungal diseases in paediatric patients with cancer or post-haematopoietic cell transplantation

Author

Groll, Andreas H, Pana, Dorothea, Lanternier, Fanny, Mesini, Alessio, Ammann, Roland A, Averbuch, Dina, Castagnola, Elio, Cesaro, Simone, Engelhard, Dan, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Kanerva, Jukka, Ritz, Nicole, Roilides, Emmanuel, Styczynski, Jan, Warris, Adilia, and Lehrnbecher, Thomas

Published
2021
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23. Swiss consensus recommendations on urinary tract infections in children

Author

Buettcher, Michael, Trueck, Johannes, Niederer-Loher, Anita, Heininger, Ulrich, Agyeman, Philipp, Asner, Sandra, Berger, Christoph, Bielicki, Julia, Kahlert, Christian, Kottanattu, Lisa, Meyer Sauteur, Patrick M., Paioni, Paolo, Posfay-Barbe, Klara, Relly, Christa, Ritz, Nicole, Zimmermann, Petra, Zucol, Franziska, Gobet, Rita, Shavit, Sandra, Rudin, Christoph, Laube, Guido, von Vigier, Rodo, and Neuhaus, Thomas J.

Published
2021
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24. The changing clinical presentation of COVID‐19 in children during the course of the pandemic.

Author

Wurm, Juliane, Uka, Anita, Bernet, Vera, Buettcher, Michael, Giannoni, Eric, Kottanattu, Lisa, Schöbi, Nina, Zemmouri, Abdelaziz, Ritz, Nicole, Zimmermann, Petra, Barbey, Florence, Cachat, François, Dülli, Livia, Fluri, Simon, Gebauer, Mathias, Grupe, Silke, Jochumsen, Ulla, Kellner, Eva, Kerr, Ute, and Laube, Guido

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, SYMPTOMS, SARS-CoV-2, SCHOOL children, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Abstract

Aim: To investigate the evolution of clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 in children throughout the pandemic. Methods: In this national prospective surveillance study, symptoms in children hospitalised with COVID‐19 were collected from all paediatric hospitals in Switzerland between March 2020 and March 2023. Data was analysed across four time periods, according to the predominantly circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 variant: T1 (wild‐type), T2 (Alpha), T3 (Delta) and T4 (Omicron), as well as by age group. Results: The study included 1323 children. The proportion of children admitted to an intensive care unit remained stable throughout the pandemic. However, the pattern and frequency of clinical manifestations changed over time. Respiratory symptoms were less prevalent during T1 (wild‐type), fever during T2 (Alpha) and rash during T4 (Omicron). In contrast, fever and neurological symptoms were more prevalent during T4 (Omicron). Newly described symptoms during T4 (Omicron) included conjunctivitis, laryngotracheitis and seizures. Fever was more prevalent among neonates and infants whereas respiratory symptoms were more common among infants. Gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent among toddlers, while both toddlers and school‐aged children presented with neurological symptoms more often than other age groups. Conclusion: Continuous surveillance is required to detect changes in manifestations and there by be prepared for the optimal management of complications in children with COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Cardiac involvement in children with paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): data from a prospective nationwide surveillance study

Author

Uka, Anita, primary, Bressieux-Degueldre, Sabrina, additional, Buettcher, Michael, additional, Kottanattu, Lisa, additional, Plebani, Margerita, additional, Niederer-Loher, Anita, additional, Schöbi, Nina, additional, Hofer, Michael, additional, Tomasini, Julie, additional, Trück, Johannes, additional, Villiger, Reto, additional, Wagner, Noémie, additional, Wuetz, Daniela, additional, Ritz, Nicole, additional, and Zimmermann, Petra, additional

Published
2023
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30. Correction to: Swiss consensus recommendations on urinary tract infections in children

Author

Buettcher, Michael, Trueck, Johannes, Niederer-Loher, Anita, Heininger, Ulrich, Agyeman, Philipp, Asner, Sandra, Berger, Christoph, Bielicki, Julia, Kahlert, Christian, Kottanattu, Lisa, Meyer Sauteur, Patrick M., Paioni, Paolo, Posfay-Barbe, Klara, Relly, Christa, Ritz, Nicole, Zimmermann, Petra, Zucol, Franziska, Gobet, Rita, Shavit, Sandra, Rudin, Christoph, Laube, Guido, von Vigier, Rodo, and Neuhaus, Thomas J.

Published
2021
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40. The impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin shortage on immunisation practice and policies in Europe – A Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet) survey

Author

Blázquez, Daniel, Bogyi, Matthias, Buonsenso, Danilo, Dreesman, Alexandra, Krivec, Uros, Mouchet, Françoise, Nejat, Sahar, Neth, Olaf, Pavić, Ivan, Ruga, Ezia, Schlags, Rupert, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Thee, Steffi, Tsolia, Maria, Velizarova, Svetlana, Kontturi, Antti, Santiago, Begoña, Tebruegge, Marc, von Both, Ulrich, Salo, Eeva, and Ritz, Nicole

Published
2016
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44. Is shorter antibiotic treatment duration increasing the risk of relapse in paediatric acute focal bacterial nephritis?

Author

Vaezipour, Nina, Evers, Katrina, Schmid, Hanna, Ritz, Nicole, and Goischke, Alexandra

Subjects
URINARY tract infections, TREATMENT duration, NEPHRITIS, PEDIATRICS, MEDICAL research, ANTIBIOTICS
Abstract

This article explores the risk of relapse in pediatric acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) when shorter antibiotic treatment durations are used. It presents a case study of a 12-year-old girl who experienced multiple episodes of pyelonephritis and relapsed after a 10-day treatment with oral cephalosporins. The article includes a systematic review of literature on AFBN in children, which found that shorter treatment durations were associated with higher rates of treatment failure and relapse. The use of CT and MRI as diagnostic tools for AFBN is discussed, with MRI being suggested as a potentially safer alternative to CT due to its lack of radiation. The article also mentions the need for further investigation into the association between underlying uropathology and AFBN, and suggests additional diagnostic measures to detect and treat underlying urological conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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48. International Pediatric COVID-19 Severity Over the Course of the Pandemic

Author

Zhu, Yanshan, Almeida, Flávia Jacqueline, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Bowen, Asha C., Britton, Philip N., Brizuela, Martin Eduardo, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burgner, David, Chew, Keng Yih, Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya, Cohen, Cheryl, Cormier, Stephania A., Crawford, Nigel, Curtis, Nigel, Farias, Camila G. A., Gilks, Charles F., von Gottberg, Anne, Hamer, Diana, Jarovsky, Daniel, Jassat, Waasila, Jesus, Ana Rita, Kemp, Lisa S., Khumcha, Benjawan, McCallum, Georgina, Miller, Jessica E., Morello, Rosa, Munro, Alasdair P. S., Openshaw, Peter J. M., Padmanabhan, Srivatsan, Phongsamart, Wanatpreeya, Reubenson, Gary, Ritz, Nicole, Rodrigues, Fernanda, Rungmaitree, Supattra, Russell, Fiona, Sáfadi, Marco A. P., Saner, Christoph, Semple, Malcolm G., Prado da Silva, Daniella Gregória Bomfim, de Sousa, Laíse Marine Moura, Diogo Moço Souza, Marília, Spann, Kirsten, Walaza, Sibongile, Wolter, Nicole, Xia, Yao, Yeoh, Daniel K., Zar, Heather J., Zimmermann, Petra, and Short, Kirsty R.

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged over the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications for COVID-19 severity in children worldwide are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) were associated with differences in COVID-19 severity among hospitalized children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Clinical data from hospitalized children and adolescents (younger than 18 years) who were SARS-CoV-2 positive were obtained from 9 countries (Australia, Brazil, Italy, Portugal, South Africa, Switzerland, Thailand, UK, and the US) during 3 different time frames. Time frames 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 3 (T3) were defined to represent periods of dominance by the ancestral virus, pre-Omicron VOCs, and Omicron, respectively. Age groups for analysis were younger than 6 months, 6 months to younger than 5 years, and 5 to younger than 18 years. Children with an incidental positive test result for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded. EXPOSURES: SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization during the stipulated time frame. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The severity of disease was assessed by admission to intensive care unit (ICU), the need for ventilatory support, or oxygen therapy. RESULTS: Among 31 785 hospitalized children and adolescents, the median age was 4 (IQR 1-12) years and 16 639 were male (52.3%). In children younger than 5 years, across successive SARS-CoV-2 waves, there was a reduction in ICU admission (T3 vs T1: risk ratio [RR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42-0.75 [younger than 6 months]; RR, 0.61, 95% CI; 0.47-0.79 [6 months to younger than 5 years]), but not ventilatory support or oxygen therapy. In contrast, ICU admission (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.32-0.48), ventilatory support (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27-0.51), and oxygen therapy (T3 vs T1: RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.70) decreased across SARS-CoV-2 waves in children 5 years to younger than 18 years old. The results were consistent when data were restricted to unvaccinated children. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides valuable insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized children across different age groups and countries, suggesting that while ICU admissions decreased across the pandemic in all age groups, ventilatory and oxygen support generally did not decrease over time in children aged younger than 5 years. These findings highlight the importance of considering different pediatric age groups when assessing disease severity in COVID-19.

Published
2023
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