Search

Introduction: Rib stress fractures result from a nutcracker action on the ribs as the load on the blade is counteracted by the posterior scapular muscles. One of many factors is the proportion of force production from the arms in relation to the legs. If the arms give more the load on the ribs is greater.Methods: This study sought to find a simple rowing ergometer test which is functional but accurately reflects the ratio of force contribution between the arms and the rest of the body. The new test was used to establish normative data for the protocol and a re-test study was conducted to investigate the reliability of the test protocol.Results: The results were gender specific with men having a higher arm contribution percentage than women. Both groups were tested at two ratings 18 strokes/min and 26 strokes/min (s/m). Both groups had a lower arm contribution at the faster rating. At 18 strokes per min, the women averaged 21.85% of their power from their arms compared with 27.8% in the men. At 26 s/m the women averaged 18.35% and the men 23.2%. However, these figures are contrasted with an average from the cohort of normal (no history of rib issues) elite rowers who produced only 10% of their power from their arms at 18 s/m and 7.47% at the higher rating of 26 s/m. Test re-test validity showed the test is reliable to 1.8%.Conclusion: This test could be used as a training aid to modify technique and a screen to look for subjects at risk. The recommendation of the co-author and experienced coach, Rob Baker, is that using results from this test at 18 s/m; the arm contribution of non-elite rowers should aim not to exceed 20% in women and 25% in men. Elite rowers should aim for 10%.

This paper presents four accounts of UK doctoral students’ engagement in a Higher Education Academy project which used digital video to promote participants’ reflexivity on their doctoral journeys. It focuses on the relations between doctoral research, reflexivity and the use of digital video, and how these relations are articulated in different ways by the project participants in the production of, and reflection on, their own videonarrative. As an ‘assemblage’, the written form of the paper aims to evoke both the collaborative design of the project, in that the paper is constructed as a multivocality, a series of ‘plateaus’ (Deleuze and Guattari, 1987, p22), and also the multiple, shifting and always in-process nature of identity, immanent in each individual’s account. In different ways, the accounts address how epistemological, ontological and ethical considerations are articulated within a visual and vocal re-presentation of the self in the form of individual videonarratives. Each narrative both does (and doesn’t) resonate with the others’ narratives and each offers unique insights into the specificities of a particular doctoral journey. In experimenting with this form of presentation, the aim is to bypass traditional accounts of research ‘findings’ as a form of transparent knowledge production and, instead, work within a mode of representation which seeks to acknowledge what Lather (2007, p119) calls the ‘masks of methodology’. \ud \ud Keywords: voice, visuality, identity, doctoral students, reflexivity, videonarrative

The Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (HMC) in its annual Accessions to Repositories exercise collects information relating to manuscript accessions from over two hundred repositories and record offices throughout the British Isles. This information is then edited and used to produce a number of thematic digests which are distributed for publication in a wide range of learned journals and news sheets, as well as being published in full on the Commission's web site (http://www.hmc.gov.uk). It is also added to the computerised indexes of the National Register of Archives (NRA), which the Commission maintains as a central collecting point for information concerning the location of manuscript sources for British history outside of the public records. The NRA, which includes over 42,000 unpublished lists of archives, can be consulted in our public search room at Quality House, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1HP, United Kingdom, whilst the indexes to the NRA are also available via t...

A repeated measures digital imaging technique (Digital Plaque Image Analysis) was used to assess variations in plaque formation, including levels of plaque developed following evening and morning tooth brushing with a standard dentifrice, to establish a baseline for future assessments of antimicrobial formulations.Following a rigorous oral hygiene period, subjects were provided with a standard commercial (non-antibacterial) dentifrice and manual toothbrush and instructed to brush b.i.d., as normal. On six separate days over two weeks, subjects reported at three times for a daily plaque assessment: in the morning before oral hygiene, post-brushing, and in the afternoon post-brushing.Morning plaque levels covered approximately 10% of the measured dentition, and plaque was removed by 75% with morning tooth brushing. Plaque underwent rapid regrowth during the day, and averaged approximately 7% coverage by the afternoon.These results support the value of Digital Plaque Image Analysis in recording diurnal plaque variations and treatment effects, and suggest that assessment of oral hygiene efficacy (either mechanical or chemopreventive) accounts for diurnal variations in plaque formation. In addition, the results suggest that plaque regrowth and virulence activity overnight is a significant target for oral hygiene interventions.