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1. Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study

Author

Michael R McClung, Michelle L O'Donoghue, Socrates E Papapoulos, Henry Bone, Bente Langdahl, Kenneth G Saag, Ian R Reid, Douglas P Kiel, Ilaria Cavallari, Marc P Bonaca, Stephen D Wiviott, Tobias de Villiers, Xu Ling, Kurt Lippuner, Toshitaka Nakamura, Jean-Yves Reginster, Jose Adolfo Rodriguez-Portales, Christian Roux, José Zanchetta, Cristiano A F Zerbini, Jeong-Gun Park, KyungAh Im, Abby Cange, Laura T Grip, Norman Heyden, Carolyn DaSilva, Dosinda Cohn, Rachid Massaad, Boyd B Scott, Nadia Verbruggen, Deborah Gurner, Deborah L Miller, Micki L Blair, Adam B Polis, S Aubrey Stoch, Arthur Santora, Antonio Lombardi, Albert T Leung, Keith D Kaufman, Marc S Sabatine, Carlos Alfredo Mautalén, Zulema Man, Jose Ruben Zanchetta, Clelia Haydee Magaril, Philip Sambrook, Piet Geusens, Stefan Goemaere, Ben Hur Albergaria, Cristiano Augusto de Freitas Zerbini, Marise Lazaretti Castro, Luiz Henrique Gregorio, Rumen Stoilov, Anna-Maria I Borissova, Kiril Hristov Hristozov, Nataliya L Temelkova, Ivona Kirilova Daskalova, Stefka Ivanova Kuzmanova, Daniela Yaneva-Bichovska, Anastas Zgurov Batalov, Pablo Riedemann, José Adolfo Rodriguez Portales, Hai Tang, hanmin Zhu, Zhenlin Zhang, Aijun Chao, Yali Hu, Zhiming Liu, Juming Lu, Mingcai Qiu, Xin Gao, Shaofen Zhang, Ling Xu, Weibo Xia, Eryuan Liao, Wenying Yang, Wen Wu, Kerong Dai, Renming Hu, Juan Jose Jaller, Francisco Cabal, José Fernando Molina, Carlos A Cure Cure, Hernan Yupanqui-Lozno, Philippe Chalem, John Londono, Mauricio Abello, Edgardo D Tobias, William Otero, Tatjana Nikolic, Blazenka Miskic, Jan Stepan, Vaclav Vyskocil, Libor Novosad, Jan Slesinger, Pavel Novosad, Erika Vlckova, Ladislav Bortlik, Eva Dokoupilova, Tomas Hala, Jens-Erik Beck Jensen, Kim Torsten Brixen, Bente Lomholt Langdahl, Peter Schwarz, Peter Claes Eskildsen, Pia Agnete Eiken, Anne Pernille Hermann, Jeppe Gram, Maiken Brix Schou, Peter Alexandersen, Bettina Nedergaard, Dolores Magdalena Mejía, Lourdes Estrella De Henriquez, Norka Páez, Casimiro Velazco, Ivo Valter, Kadri-Liina Vahula, Ingrid Kull, Katre Maasalu, Roland Chapurlat, Patrice Fardellone, Claude Laurent Benhamou, Georges Weryha, Volkmar Herkt, Rene Martz, Ruth Nischik, Wolfgang Spieler, Christel Contzen, Dieter Felsenberg, Isolde Frieling, Eike Frahm, Henry Briones, Boris Sandoval, Patricia Barrios, Abraham García, Carlos Avendaño, Magdalena González, Jeremías Guerra, Maria Tuna, Olga Marina Díaz, Eduardo Samayoa, Edgar López, José Raúl Barrera, Mainor Palencia, Mayra Cifuentes, Georgina Alvarado, Miriam López, Nilmo Chavez, Franklin Haase, Ruddy Rivera, Claudio González, Kathryn Tan, Ping Chung Leung, Sheshadri Mandalam, Shailesh Umakant Pitale, Ganapathi Bantwal, Ariachery Chinamma Ammini, Shehla Sajid Akhta Shaikh, Prasanna Kumar Kanakatte Mylariah, Mala Dharmalingam, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Arpit Jain, Parminder Singh, Naresh Shetty, Srikanta Shamanna Sathyanarayana, Nalini Shah, Manoj Dharam Chadha, Rajendra Bhandankar, Kumaravel Velayutham, Sudha Marwah, Mathew John, Rakesh Kumar Sahay, Silvano Adami, Ranuccio Nuti, Gerolamo Bianchi, Maria Luisa Brandi, Salvatore Minisola, Carmelo Erio Fiore, Alessandro Rubinacci, Hisayuki Miyajima, Hiroo Yamane, Yuji Nakatani, Sumiaki Okamoto, Koji Kuroda, Motoaki Fujimori, Akira Itabashi, Kuniaki Katayama, Satoru Nakajo, Yoshiaki Somekawa, Yoshimitsu Ohsawa, Wataru Tajima, Katsunori Mizuno, Shigeru Mori, Takato Kanabuchi, Hiroyuki Hashizume, Nobuyuki Oka, Kazutoshi Hamada, Motoi Yamaguchi, Fumiki Hirahara, Masaaki Atobe, Yoshiharu Ohtake, Shuichi Ichikawa, Tomoyuki Onishi, Kou Matsumoto, Tetsuro Nakamura, Eishi Shirasawa, Ko Katayama, Mitsugu Takahashi, Tadanori Oguma, Hideo Matsui, Yoshiharu Katoh, Keiichi Shigenobu, Tsutomu Onishi, Masato Shibukawa, Satoshi Ikeda, Kazuhiro Osaka, Ryosuke Kanda, Yoshito Inobe, Masaharu Shigenobu, Morimasa Hasegawa, Tetsuo Yamaji, Yu Miyazaki, Takayasu Ito, Eisuke Nakamura, Shinji Nagai, Sung-Kil Lim, Yoon-Sok Chung, Chan-Soo Shin, Yong-Ki Min, Ghi Su Kim, Hyun Koo Yoon, Moo-Il Kang, Kyu-Hyun Yang, Hyoung Moo Park, In Joo Kim, Dong Jin Chung, Ho Yeon Chung, Sandra Jaundzeikare, Dace Andersone, Agita Medne, Yasser Yaghi, Vidmantas Alekna, Vytautas Kasiulevicius, Irina Purtokaite - Labutiniene, Aurelija Krasauskiene, Jurate Varanaviciene, Vida Basijokiene, Agne Abraitiene, Lina Radzeviciene, Jesus Walliser, Pedro Alberto García Hernández, Maria Frida Araujo, Hilario Ernesto Avila Armengol, Pilar De la Peña, Juan Tamayo, Beatriz Zazueta, Fidencio Cons, Nigel Leslie Gilchrist, Ian Reginald Reid, Robert Leikis, Peter Jones, Joe Gragrath Pradeep Singh, Johan Inge Halse, Unni Syversen, Hans Olav Høivik, Erik Snorre Øfjord, Hans Christian Gulseth, Sigbjørn Elle, Paal Dag Norheim, Armando A. Calvo Quiroz, Pastor A. Cesar Augusto, Manuel Gustavo León Portocarrero, Luis Fernando Vidal Neira, Jose Chavez, Boris Garro Barrera, Rita Kuroiwa Sampei, Bellatín V. Luis Fernando, Rogger Oquelis Cabredo, Sonia Castillo, Agustin Miguel G Morales, Perry Pua Tan, Liberato Antonio C Leagogo, Edward HM Wang, Julie T Li-Yu, Andrzej Z Sawicki, Barbara Stasiuk, Grzegorz Kania, Roman Lorenc, Anna Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Leszek Szczepanski, Edward Franek, Rafal Filip, Jan Sekula, Tomasz Blicharski, Piotr Leszczynski, Ewa Sewerynek, Tomasz Miazgowski, Andrzej Milewicz, Magda Dabrowska, Jerzy Romaszko, Wojciech Pluskiewicz, Lukasz Wojnowski, Catalin Codreanu, Horatiu Bolosiu, Ruxandra Ionescu, Ioana Zosin, Liviu Macovei, Mihai Bojinca, Florin Radulescu, Simona Pop, Adrian Sarbu, Lidia I Benevolenskaya, Evgeny L Nasonov, Lyudmila Ya Rozhinskaya, Raphael G Oganov, Svetlana S Rodionova, Eugeny Vladimirovich Shlyakhto, Vasiliy Trofimov, Eugeny G Zotkin, Irina E Zazerskaya, Elena N Grineva, Olga Ershova, Olga Lesnyak, Olga D Ostroumova, Svetlana B Malichenko, Eduard G Pikhlak, Valery G Pilyaev, Tatiana Raskina, Elena V Zonova, Valery S Shirinsky, Aleksandar N Dimic, Goran Cobeljic, Svetlana Vujovic, Graham Charlston Ellis, Stanley Lipschitz, Tobias Johannes De Villiers, Albert Jan De Weerd, Tasneem Vally, Yvonne Trinder, Jacobus Ludewikus Coetsee, Charles Pierre Davis, Savithree Nayiager, Frans Stephanus Hough, Louis F Oelofse, Eugene van der Walt, Johannes Jurgens Lombaard, Suzanne Blignaut, Uttam Govind, Leon Frederik Fouche, Dawid Stephanus Kruger, Johannes Paul Dalmeyer, Mada M Ferreira, Alejandro Escudero-Contreras, Manuel Muñoz Torres, Federico Hawkins Carranza, Jose Luis Perez Castrillon, Juan Antonio García Meijide, Esteban Jodar Gimeno, Santiago Palacios Gil-Antuñana, Luis de Teresa Parreno, Emilio Martín Mola, Carmen Alvarez Sanchez, Keh-Sung Tsai, Shih-Te Tu, Jung-Fu Chen, Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee, Wen-Wei Hsu, Natalia Viktorivna Grygorieva, Vladyslav Volodymyrovych Povoroznyuk, Mykola Oleksiiovych Korzh, Oleksandr Levgeniiovych Loskutov, Andriy Borysovych Chukov, Rex Sarmiento, Hawys Thomas, Hugh Donnachie, Irina Pavel-Knox, Hilary Shaw, Hana Hassanin, Essam Eldin Ahmed Abdulhakim, Naren Savani, Gloria A Bachmann, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Neil C Binkley, Henry G Bone, Donald M Brandon, Darin David Checketts, Neil J Fraser, Nelson B Watts, Steven A Geller, Joseph S Gimbel, Maria White Greenwald, Peter A Holt, Cyrus Conrad Johnston, Chien Fang, David J Klashman, E. Michael Lewiecki, Mitchell B Lowenstein, Michael Roy McClung, Susan M Nattrass, Alberto Odio, Julie Levengood, Josefina Romaguera, Mohamed Bassam Sebai, Brian Snyder, Mark Eliot Kutner, Dan Streja, Elliott P Schwartz, and Mark G Christiansen

Subjects
cathepsin-k inhibitor, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Osteoporosis, Placebo-controlled study, law.invention, Fractures, Bone, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Randomized controlled trial, Bone Density, law, Outpatient clinic, 030212 general & internal medicine, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Aged, 80 and over, density, Hip fracture, Bone Density Conservation Agents, odanacatib, postmenopausal osteoporosis, LOFT, extension study, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Fractures, Female, women, strength, Odanacatib, medicine.medical_specialty, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Placebo, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, bone mass, fracture, mortality, denosumab, turnover, therapy, Aged, Femoral neck, Hip Fractures, business.industry, Biphenyl Compounds, medicine.disease, chemistry, business, Osteoporotic Fractures
Abstract

Background: Odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor, reduces bone resorption while maintaining bone formation. Previous work has shown that odanacatib increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of odanacatib to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: The Long-term Odanacatib Fracture Trial (LOFT) was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven study at 388 outpatient clinics in 40 countries. Eligible participants were women aged at least 65 years who were postmenopausal for 5 years or more, with a femoral neck or total hip bone mineral density T-score between −2·5 and −4·0 if no previous radiographic vertebral fracture, or between −1·5 and −4·0 with a previous vertebral fracture. Women with a previous hip fracture, more than one vertebral fracture, or a T-score of less than −4·0 at the total hip or femoral neck were not eligible unless they were unable or unwilling to use approved osteoporosis treatment. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either oral odanacatib (50 mg once per week) or matching placebo. Randomisation was done using an interactive voice recognition system after stratification for previous radiographic vertebral fracture, and treatment was masked to study participants, investigators and their staff, and sponsor personnel. If the study completed before 5 years of double-blind treatment, consenting participants could enrol in a double-blind extension study (LOFT Extension), continuing their original treatment assignment for up to 5 years from randomisation. Primary endpoints were incidence of vertebral fractures as assessed using radiographs collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months, yearly, and at final study visit in participants for whom evaluable radiograph images were available at baseline and at least one other timepoint, and hip and non-vertebral fractures adjudicated as being a result of osteoporosis as assessed by clinical history and radiograph. Safety was assessed in participants who received at least one dose of study drug. The adjudicated cardiovascular safety endpoints were a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and new-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter. Individual cardiovascular endpoints and death were also assessed. LOFT and LOFT Extension are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT00529373) and the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT number 2007-002693-66). Findings: Between Sept 14, 2007, and Nov 17, 2009, we randomly assigned 16 071 evaluable patients to treatment: 8043 to odanacatib and 8028 to placebo. After a median follow-up of 36·5 months (IQR 34·43–40·15) 4297 women assigned to odanacatib and 3960 assigned to placebo enrolled in LOFT Extension (total median follow-up 47·6 months, IQR 35·45–60·06). In LOFT, cumulative incidence of primary outcomes for odanacatib versus placebo were: radiographic vertebral fractures 3·7% (251/6770) versus 7·8% (542/6910), hazard ratio (HR) 0·46, 95% CI 0·40–0·53; hip fractures 0·8% (65/8043) versus 1·6% (125/8028), 0·53, 0·39–0·71; non-vertebral fractures 5·1% (412/8043) versus 6·7% (541/8028), 0·77, 0·68–0·87; all p

Published
2019
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2. Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Hertzel C Gerstein, Helen M Colhoun, Gilles R Dagenais, Rafael Diaz, Mark Lakshmanan, Prem Pais, Jeffrey Probstfield, Fady T Botros, Matthew C Riddle, Lars Rydén, Denis Xavier, Charles Messan Atisso, Leanne Dyal, Stephanie Hall, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Gloria Wong, Alvaro Avezum, Jan Basile, Namsik Chung, Ignacio Conget, William C Cushman, Edward Franek, Nicolae Hancu, Markolf Hanefeld, Shaun Holt, Petr Jansky, Matyas Keltai, Fernando Lanas, Lawrence A Leiter, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Ernesto German Cardona Munoz, Valdis Pirags, Nana Pogosova, Peter J Raubenheimer, Jonathan E Shaw, Wayne H-H Sheu, Theodora Temelkova-Kurktschiev, Mercedes Abella, Andrea Alebuena, Sandra Almagro, Eduardo Amoroso, Paula Anadon, Elizabeth Andreu, Guillermo Aristimuño, Maria Arzadun, Maria Barbieri, Raul Barcudi, Ines Bartolacci, Gabriel Bolobanich, Anselmo Bordonava, Miguel Bustamante Labarta, Betina Bustos, Alberto Caccavo, Alejandra Camino, Maria Cantero, Maria Carignano, Luis Cartasegna, Marcela Cipullo, Víctor Commendatore, Victoria Conosciuto, Osvaldo Costamagna, Claudia Crespo, Jose Cuello, Carlos Cuneo, Sandra Cusimano, Sofia Dean, Claudio Dituro, Andrea Dominguez, Miguel Farah, Alberto Fernandez, Florencia Fernandez, Adriana Ferrari, Patricia Flammia, Jose Fuentealba, Karina Beatriz Gallardo, Celso Garcia, Ruben Garcia Duran, Marcelo Garrido, Rodolfo Gavicola, Claudio Gerbaudo, Graciela Gilli, Ana Paula Giotto, Pedro Godoy Bolzán, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Fernando Guerlloy, Cristian Guridi, Narcisa Gutierrez Garrido, Eduardo Hasbani, Sonia Hermida, Miguel Hominal, Adrian Hrabar, Adrián Ingaramo, Alejandra Izzicupo, Mario Krynski, Mariana Lagrutta, Paulina Lanchiotti, Maria Langhe, Veronica Leonard, Javier Llanos, Ricardo Lopez Santi, Jorge Lowenstein, Cecilia Luquez, Ignacio Mackinnon, Melina Mana, Sara Manzur, Javier Marino, Carolina Martella, Roger Martinez, Re Matias, Javier Matkovich, Monica Meritano, Oscar Montaña, María Mulazzi, Juan Ochoa, Gustavo Paterlini, María Pelagagge, Maria Elena Peralta Lopez, Aldo Prado, Lorena Pruyas, Martín Racca, Carola Ricotti, Carolina Rodriguez, Mariano Romero Vidomlansky, Ricardo Ronderos, Ana Laura Sadowski, Jorgelina Sala, Alejandro Sánchez, Andrea Santoro, Lilia Schiavi, Mariano Sein, Virginia Sernia, Leonardo Serra, Maximiliano Sicer, Tomas Smith, Leonardo Soso, Georgina Sposetti, Andrea Steinacher, Jorge Stival, Jorge Tedesco, Hugo Tonin, Mauro Tortolo, Maria Ulla, Julio Vallejos, Marisa Vico, Luciana Virgillito, Virginia Visco, Daniel Vogel, Florencia Waisman, César Zaidman, Noemi Zucchiatti, Imran Badshah, Neale Cohen, Peter Colman, David Colquhoun, Timothy Davis, Spiros Fourlanos, Greg Fulcher, Jane Hamlyn, Cilla Haywood, Samantha Hocking, Maeve Huchinson, William Jeffries, Mervyn Kyl, Clement Lo, PeakMann Mah, Ashley Makepeace, Dolly Marope, Natalie Nanayakkar, Alison Nankervis, Neil Palmer, Barbara Palolus, Satish Pillai, Sarah Price, Joseph Proietto, Anne Reutens, Natassia Rodrigo, Abdul Sheikh, Greg Smith, Michelle So, Georgia Soldatos, Bronwyn Stuckey, Priya Sumithran, Helena Teede, Parind Vora, Lyn Williams, Eduardo Abib, Christiani Adão Poço, Érica Ferreira Alves, Janaina Andreatta Bernardi Barea, Livia Avezum Oliveira, Denise Ludovico da Costa de Castro, Ivan Correa da Cruz, Midiã Costa, Ivan Cruz, Sidney Cunha, Marco Antonio Vieira Da Silva, Renata de Carvalho Camara Bona, Bruna de Paula, Freddy Eliaschewitz, Guilherme Fazolli, Carlos Alberto Ferreira Filho, Jose Fortes, Cesar França, Denise Reis Franco, Paulo Roberto Genestreti, Flavio Giorgeto, Rodrigo Marques Gonçalves, Michele Elka Grossman, Ana Claudia Henrique Marcelino, Mauro Hernandes, Ana Horta, Cristiano Jaeger, Midia Kaneblai, Cecilia Kauffman Rutenberg, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Maria Angelica Lemos, Lilia Maia, Euler Roberto Manenti, Mariana Marques, Cynthia Melissa Valerio, Rodrigo Moreira, Flávia Mothé, Osana Maria Mouco, Philip Moura, José Carlos Moura Jorge, Carlos Nakashima, Marcelo Nakazone, Thiago Napoli, Cristiane Nunes, Joao Eduardo Nunes Salles, Karla Oliveira, Marcela Oliveira, Gracielly de Souza Pantano, Fabio Petri, Leonardo Piazza, Andreia Carla Pires, Patricia Pizzato, Sergio Prata, Dalton Precoma, Rafael Rech, Gilmar Reis, Heleno Reis, Elisabete Resende, Jose Ribas Fortes, Sylka Rodovalho, Fabio Rossi dos Santos, Joao Eduardo Salles, Célia Regina Sampaio, Thiago Santos, Vanessa Santos dos Santos, Tulio Silva e Quadros, Daniel Silveira, Katia Nunes Siqueira, M Teireira, Marcelo Uehara, C Valerio, Henrique Vianna, Maria Helena Vidotti, Guilherme de Lima Visconti, Maria Teresa Zanella, Viktoriya Andreeva, Radoslav Borisov, Nikolay Botushanov, Georgi Dimitrov, Kameliya Dimova, Tsvetan Dragoychev, Valentina Grigorova, Valentina Gushterova, Ivaylo Ivanov, Tatyana Kocelova, Dimo Kurktschiev, Milena Miletieva, Neli Nenkova-Gugusheva, Ralitsa Pancheva, Maria Pavlova, Dimitar Raev, Vesela Spasova, Anastas Stoikov, Dimitar Troev, Todor Yanev, Mariana Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Alexander Abitbol, Buki Ajala, Abdullh Alguwaihes, Jean-Luc Ardilouze, Nahla Aris-Jilwan, Amel Arnaout, Ronnie Aronson, Nadeem Aslam, Sandra Babin, Jean-Patrice Bailargeon, Allan Bailey, Harpreet Bajaj, Christian Beauchesne, Sorin Beca, Andre Belanger, Alan Bell, Diego Bellabarba, Lori Berard, Brian Berenbaum, Vincent Bergeron, Joseph Berlingieri, Frédéric Bernier, Phoebe Bishara, David Blank, Ian Blumer, Suzanne Brault, Donald Breton, André Carpentier, James Cha, Prakash Chandra, Jean-Louis Chiasson, James R Conway, Ghyslaine Couture, Nathalie Couture, Gilles Dagenais, Dyotirmoy Datta, Giuseppe D'Ignazio, Richard Dumas, Didier Fay, Andre Frechette, Louise Frenette, Daisy Fung, Nathalie Gagnon, Meri Galter, Jean Garon, Jean Sebastien Gauthier, Christian Geadah, Jeremy Gilbert, Ronald Girard, Ronald Goldenberg, Loren David Grossman, Nikhil Gupta, Jean-Pierre Halle, Marie-France Hivert, Ghislaine Houde, Robyn Houlden, Irene Hramiak, Ted Jablonski, Akshay Jain Jain, Hasnain Khandwala, Munish Khosla, C Lachance, Emilie Laflamme, Marie-France Langlois, Luc Larivee, Joanne Liutkus, Heather Lochnan, Saleem Malik, Charlotte McDonald, Pravinsagar Mehta, John Mihailidis, Alain Milot, Priya Narula, Patrice Nault, Arun Nayar, William Nisker, Gilles Ouellet, Jean Palardy, Minta Patel, Terri Paul, Sue Pedersen, Patrice Perron, Marie-Hélène Pesant, Paul Poirier, Marie-Claude Poulin, Zubin Punthakee, Waheed Rehman, Stuart Ross, P Sagar, Nouhad Saliba, Sam Sandler, Alicia Schiffrin, Robert Schlosser, Anila Seth-Sharma, Mark Sherman, David Sionit, Tharsan Sivakumar, Juan Soto, Eric St-Amour, Oren Steen, Jack Sussman, Adam Telner, Sheldon Tobe, David-Yaw Twum-Barima, Audrey Van Zanten, Nicole VanRossum, Jonathan Vecchiarelli, Rick Ward, John Wessengel, Stanley Weisnagel, Igor Wilderman, Vincent Woo, Natalia Yakubovich, Jean-Francois Yale, Zeina Yared, Monica Acevedo, Maria Loreto Aguirre, Andres Aizman, Maria Soledad Barroso, Leonardo Cobos, Alfredo Danin Vargas, Barbara Descalzi, Gonzalo Godoy, Elio Grumberg, Rodolfo Lahsen, Gladys Larenas, Eugenia Ortiz, Javier Paredes, Sergio Potthoff, Eva Retamal, Luis Rojas, Manuel Salgado, Claudio Santibanez, Carmen Solis, Benjamin Stokins, Jose Accini, Javier Acebedo, Lina Maria Agudelo Baena, Soraya Alarcon, Juliana Angel, Edgar Arcos, M Aroca Martinez, Leonor Atuesta, Jose Balaguera, Doris Ballestas, Sandra Isabel Barrera, Rosmy Barrios Reyes, Adolfo Bayona, Andres Bermudez, Diego Zarate Bernal, Marco Blanquicett, Victor Bravo, Wendy Bueno, Alvaro Burbano Delgado, Alberto Cadena, Andres Cadena, Sandra Caicedo, Carlos Celemin, Ricardo Consuegra, Cristhian Contreras Pimienta, Kelly Johenis Corredor, Carlos Cure, Lizeth Dayana De La Hoz Rueda, Erika Delgado, Sarahy Diaz, Marta Diego, Anabell Donado, William Encinales Sanabria, Juliana Escobar, Gillian Escorcia, Leonardo Forero, Laura Fuentes, Maria Garcia, Henry Garcia Lozada, Luis Garcia Ortiz, Angela Giraldo, Laura Gomez Gonzalez, Javier Granada, Corina Gutierrez, Natalia Henao, Edwin Hernandez, Olga Maria Herrera Uejbe, Juan Diego Higuera Cobos, Jaime Ibarra Gómez, Edwin Hernandez Jaimes, Monica Jaramillo, Nicolas Jaramillo, Carlos Jaramillo Gomez, Monica Jaramillo Sanchez, Ivonne Jarava Durán, Catalina Lopez Ceballos, Claudia Madrid, Elias María Amastha, Jennifer Mercado, Dora Ines Molina, Jessica Molina Soto, Carlos Montoya, Alexander Morales, Carolina Muñoz, Luis Alejandro Orozco, Oscar Osorio, Jorge Mario Palmera Sanchez, Adwar Peña, Jose Perez, Juan Perez Agudelo, Germán Pérez Amador, Carlos Pertuz, Irina Posada, Carlos Puerta, Adalberto Quintero, Diana Quiroz, Carmen Rendon, Alberto Reyes, Alvaro Reyes, Diana Ripoll, Carlos Rivera, Maria Rocha, Jose F Rodriguez, Kervis Asid Rodriguez Villanueva, Javier Emilio Rodriguez Zabala, Sindy Rojas, Maria Romero, Ricardo Rosero, Angelica Rocio Rosillo Cardenas, Lina Rueda, Gregorio Sanchez, Tatiana Sanchez, Arístides Sotomayor Herazo, Monica Suarez, Mariana Torres, Freddy Trujillo, Miguel Urina, Lazaro Van Strahlen, Carlos Velandia, Carolina Velasquez Guzman, Elizabeth Velazquez, Tatiana Vidal Prada, Juan Pablo Yepez Alvaran, Diego Zarate, Jana Andelova, Radka Benesova, Barbara Buzova, Vladimir Cech, Ida Chodova, Miroslav Choura, Antonin Dufka, Andrea Gamova, Jakub Gorgol, Tomas Hala, Hana Havlova, Dagmar Hlavkova, Petra Horanska, Juliana Ilcisin-Valova, Petra Jenickova, Ondrej Jerabek, Ilona Kantorova, Katerina Kolomaznikova, Iva Kopeckova, Miroslava Kopeckova, Karel Linhart, Tomas Linhart, Jan Malecha, Emilia Malicherova, Dana Neubauerova, Martina Oznerova, Radan Partys, Eva Pederzoliova, Maria Petrusova, Vera Prymkova, Eva Racicka, Ida Reissova, Eva Roderova, Libor Stanek, Alena Striova, Dana Svarcova, Petr Svoboda, Emilia Szeghy Malicharova, Jan Urge, Ladislav Vesely, Bedich Wasserburger, Hilde Wasserburgerova, Emil Zahumensky, Vaclav Zamrazil, Hasan Alawi, Ernestos Anastasiadis, Elisabeth Axthelm, Tasso Bieler, Christina Buhrig, Elizaveta Degtyareva, Frank Dellanna, Karl-Michael Derwahl, Stephan Diessel, Barbara Dogiami, Kirsten Dorn-Weitzel, Monika Ernst, Grit Faulmann, Baerbel Fetscher, Thomas Forst, Gabriele Freyer-Lahres, Klaus Funke, Xenia Ganz, Christiane Gleixner, Christoph Hanefeld, Sven Heinrichs, Stephanie Helleberg, Elena Henkel, Gerd Ruediger Hetzel, Caren Hoffmann, Frohmut Jacob, Stephan Jacob, Franziska John, Antonius Jonczyk, Wolfram Kamke, Christiane Klein, Martina Kleinhardt, Werner Kleophas, Christine Kosch, Kristin Kreutzmann, Achim Kühn, Young Hee Lee-Barkey, Alexander Lier, Sarah Maatouk, Joachim Minnich, Michael Mitry, Ilona Muessig, Diana Nicula, Martina Niemann, Joerg Nothroff, Petra Ott, Andreas Pfuetzner, Andreas Pfützner, Frank Pistrosch, Wildgard Pohl, Zdenka Prochazkova, Marlena Retkowska, Heiko Rosin, Daniela Sachsenheimer, Holger Samer, Mazin Sanuri, Axel Schaefer, Frank Schaper, Erik-Delf Schulze, Marita Schulze, Martina Schumann, Thomas Segiet, Veronika Sowa, Hans-Detlev Stahl, Franziska Steinfeldt, Madlen Teige, Bjoern Trieb, Diethelm Tschoepe, Peter Uebel, Bernd Warken, Ingo Weigmann, Klaus Weyland, Klara Wilhelm, Timea Balo, Miklos Balsay, Ilona Bende, Katalin Bezzegh, Zita Birkus, Barbara Buday, Melinda Csomai, Laszlo Deak, Eniko Dezso, Peter Faludi, M Faluvegi, Ilona Fazekas, Agota Feher, Csaba Fejer, Ervin Finta, Agnes Fulcz, Zsolt Gaal, Mihaly Gurzo, Krisztina Hati, Gabriella Herczeg, Ildiko Jozsef, Marta Juhasz, Katalin Keltai, Laszlo Koranyi, Eniko Kulcsar, Krisztina Kun, Andrea Laczko, Botond Literáti-Nagy, Izabella Mezo, Margit Mileder, I Moricz, Károly Nagy, Bela Nagybaczoni, Csaba Nemeth, Agnes Oze, Jozsef Pauer, Eva Peterfai, Bela Polocsanyi, Ferenc Poor, István Reiber, Csaba Salamon, Julia Sebestyen, Ildiko Torok, Marianna Tuu, Andrea Varga, Viktor Vass, Chul Min Ahn, Chulwoo Ahn, Park ByungWon, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Kiyuk Chang, Eui-Young Choi, Han Seok Choi, Jin-Wook Chung, Bum- Kee Hong, Young Joon Hong, Min Su Hyon, Myung Ho Jeong, Shinae Kang, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Ju Han Kim, Kee-Sik Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Pum-Joon Kim, Soon-Kil Kim, Yong-Seok Kim, Young Kwon Kim, Yoon Seok Koh, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Bae Lee, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Mee Lim, Pil Ki Min, Jong Sung Park, Jongsuk Park, Keun Ho Park, Sungha Park, Wook Bum Pyun, Se Joong Rim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Hong-Seog Seo, Ki Bae Seung, Dong-Ho Shin, Doo Sun Sim, Young Won Yoon, Ilze Andersone, Kristine Babicka, Inga Balcere, Roberts Barons, Inguna Capkovska, Kristine Geldnere, Inese Grigane, Baiba Jegere, Ilze Lagzdina, Lija Mora, Sigita Pastare, Rota Ritenberga, Janina Romanova, Inta Saknite, Natalja Sidlovska, Jelena Sokolova, Sandra Steina, Iveta Strizko, Dace Teterovska, Brigita Vizina, Lina Barsiene, Gintare Belozariene, Laura Daugintyte-Petrusiene, Nijole Drungiliene, Nijole Garsviene, Ala Grigiene, Vytautas Grizas, Virginija Jociene, Dalia Kalvaitiene, Jugeta Kaupiene, Jurate Kavaliauskiene, Dalia Kozloviene, Ilona Lapteva, Birute Maneikiene, Jolanta Marcinkeviciene, Vaidilija Markauskiene, Salomeja Meiluniene, Almantas Norkus, Rita Norviliene, Vladimiras Petrenko, Ruta Radzeviciene, Gintare Sakalyte, Gediminas Urbonas, Skaiste Urbutiene, Donatas Vasiliauskas, Dzilda Velickiene, Carlos Aguilar, Marco Alcocer, Juan Antonio Avalos-Ramirez, Ramiro Banda-Elizondo, Rubria Bricio-Ramirez, Karla Cardenas Mejia, Francisco Cavazos, Jesus Chapa, Erika Cienfuegos, Astrid De la Peña, Gilberto de la Peña Topete, Manuel Odin De los Rios Ibarra, Daniel Elias, Claudia Flores-Moreno, Pedro Garcia Hernandez, Luis Gerardo Gonzalez, Rosa Linda Guerra Moya, Arturo Guerra-Lopez, Raymundo Hernandez Baylon, Carolina Herrera Colorado, Marisol Herrera-Marmolejo, Neri Islas-Palacios, Esteban Lopez, Fernando Lopez, Agustin Lopez Alvarado, Rosa Isela Luna Ceballos, Enrique Morales Villegas, Gualberto Moreno-Virgen, Rosa Linda Parra Perez, Sara Pascoe Gonzalez, Irving Peralta-Cantu, Roopa Previn, Rosa Ramirez, Rubria Ramirez, Maria Guadalupe Ramos Zavala, Monica Rodriguez, Rocio Salgado-Sedano, Ana Claudia Sanchez-Aguilar, Edith Santa Rosa Franco, Leobardo Sauque-Reyna, Rodrigo Suarez Otero, Ivonne Torres, Enrique Velarde-Harnandez, Juan Villagordoa, Efrain Villeda-Espinoza, Jorge Vital-Lopez, Cristian Jair Zavala- Bello, John Baker, Elaine Barrington-Ward, Thomas Brownless, Richard Carroll, Simon Carson, Michelle Choe, Andrew Corin, Brian Corley, Richard Cutfield, Neelam Dalaman, Paul Dixon, Paul Drury, Keith Dyson, Chris Florkowski, Monica Ford, William Frengley, Colin Helm, Colin Katzen, Jane Kerr, Manish Khanolkar, David Kim, Renata Koops, Jeremy Krebs, Robert Leikis, Kwan Low, Alison Luckey, Richard Luke, Susan Macaulay, Rodney Marks, Catherine McNamara, Dean Millar-Coote, Steven Miller, Naomi Mottershead, James Reid, Narcisa Robertson, Ian Rosen, David Rowe, Ole Schmiedel, Russell Scott, Jeffrey Sebastian, Davitt Sheahan, Victoria Stiebel, Ian Ternouth, Chris Tofield, Dirk Venter, Michael Williams, Miles Williams, Fiona Wu, Simon Young, Malgorzata Arciszewska, Anna Bochenek, Piotr Borkowski, Przemyslaw Borowy, Tomasz Chrzanowski, Edward Czerwinski, Marek Dwojak, Agnieszka Grodzicka, Izabela Janiec, Joanna Jaruga, Ewa Krystyna Jazwinska-Tarnawska, Krystyna Jedynasty, Danuta Juzwiak-Czapiewska, Jadwiga Karczewicz-Janowska, Jan Konieczny, Marek Konieczny, Marek Korol, Maciej Kozina, Ewa Krzyzagorska, Ewa Kucharczyk-Petryka, Roman Laz, Anna Majchrzak, Zdzislawa Mrozowska, Michal Mularczyk, Elzbieta Nowacka, Jadwiga Peczynska, Robert Petryka, Radoslaw Pietrzak, Dorota Pisarczyk-Wiza, Aleksandra Rozanska, Zofia Ruzga, Emilia Rzeszotarska, Malgorzata Sacha, Marzenna Sekulska, Anna Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Teresa Stasinska, Agnieszka Strzelecka-Sosik, Teresa Swierszcz, Katarzyna Miroslawa Szymkowiak, Olga Turowska, Krystyna Wisniewska, Maciej Wiza, Iwona Wozniak, Katarzyna Zelazowska, Bernadetta Ziolkowska-Gawron, Danuta Zytkiewicz-Jaruga, Adrian Albota, Carmina Alexandru, Rodica Avram, Cornelia Bala, Diana Barbonta, Roxana Barbu, Daniela Braicu, Nicoleta Calutiu, Doina Catrinoiu, Anca Cerghizan, Alina Ciorba, Anca Craciun, Rodica Doros, Livia Duma, Ancuta Dumitrache, Ioana Ferariu, Anca Ferician Moza, Alexandrina Ghergan, Gheorghe Ghise, Mariana Graur, Mihaela Gribovschi, Bogdan Mihai, Laura Mihalache, Madalina Mihalcea, Nicoleta Mindrescu, Magdalena Morosanu, Andrea Morosoanu, Maria Mota, Anca Moza, Valerica Nafornita, Narcisa Natea, Simona Nicodim, Cristina Nita, Adriana Onaca, Mircea Onaca, Cristina Pop, Lavinia Pop, Amorin Popa, Alexandrina Popescu, Luchiana Pruna, Gabriela Roman, Mihaela Rosu, Alexandra Sima, Doina Sipciu, Carmen Narcisa Sitterli-Natea, Iosif Szilagyi, Minodora Tapurica, Adrian Tase, Adriana-Carmen Tutescu, Luminita Vanghelie, Ioana Verde, Adrian Vlad, Mihaela Zarnescu, Roman Akhmetov, Irina Allenova, Irina Avdeeva, Oksana Baturina, Irina Biserova, Nikolay Bokovin, Irina Bondar, Natalia Burova, Galina Chufeneva, Elena Chumachek, Marina Demidova, Alexander Demin, Vera Drobysheva, Irina Egorova, Lev Esenyan, Ekaterina Gelig, Sergey Gilyarevsky, Maria Golshmid, Arseniy Goncharov, Anastasia Gorbunova, Ivan Gordeev, Vera Gorelysheva, Tatiana Goryunova, Irina Grebenshchikova, Roman Ilchenko, Maria Ivannikova, Saule Karabalieva, Juliya Karpeeva, Elena Khaykina, Zhanna Kobalava, Irina Kononenko, Oxana Korolik, Anna Korshunova, Victor Kostenko, Irina Krasnopevtseva, Ludmila Krylova, Polina Kulkova, Irina Kuzmina, Alla Ledyaeva, Sergey Levashov, Natalia Lokhovinina, Vadim Lvov, Narine Martirosyan, Sergey Nedogoda, Rostislav Nilk, Yulia Osmolovskaya, Alexey Panov, Olga Paramonova, Ekaterina Pavlova, Elena Pekareva, Nina Petunina, Svetlana Ponamareva, Galina Reshedko, Alla Salasyuk, Malvina Sepkhanyan, Alexandr Serebrov, Olesya Shabelnikova, Andrey Skvortsov, Olga Smirnova, Oxana Spiridonova, Svetlana Strogova, Evgeny Taratukhin, Sergey Tereschenko, Lubov Trukhina, Olga Tsarkova, Vera Tsoma, Farid Tumarov, Natalya Tyan, Tatiana Tyurina, Svetlana Villevalde, Elena Yankovaya, Ludmila Zarutskaya, Elena Zenkova, Aysha Badat, Frederik Bester, Suzanne Blignaut, Dirk Blom, Susan Booysen, Warren Boyd, Brigitte Brice, Susan Brown, Lesley Burgess, Reina Cawood, Kathleen Coetzee, Hillet Conradie, Tanja Cronje, Douwe de Jong, Graham Ellis, Shaunagh Emanuel, Ingrid Engelbrecht, Sharne Foulkes, Done Fourie, Gilbert Gibson, Thirumani Govender, Sumayah Hansa, Allana Colleen Hemus, Firzana Hendricks, Marshall Heradien, Chantelle Holmgren, Zaheer Hoosain, Emile Horak, Johannes Howard, Ignatius Immink, E. Janari, Daksha Jivan, Karl Klusmann, Weik Labuschagne, Yen-yu Lai, Gulam Latiff, J. Lombaard, Hanlie Lottering, Ronel Meeding, Shirley Middlemost, Haroon Mitha, Ismail Mitha, Sandile Mkhwanazi, Rajendran Moodley, Almeri Murray, Dany Musungaie, Yasmin Osman, Kirsten Peacey, Larisha Pillay-Ramaya, Catharina Pretorius, Hans Prozesky, Mahomed Sarvan, E Scholtz, Attila Sebesteny, Bianca Skinner, Michael Skriker, M Smit, Anna-Marie Stapelberg, Nicolaas Swanepoel, Dorothea Urbach, Dina van Aswegen, Francois van Zyl, Louis Van Zyl, Esme Venter, Shahid Wadvalla, Jeffrey Wing, Karen Wolmarans, Cristina Abreu, Pilar Aguilà, Eva Aguilera, Nuria Alonso, Carmen Alvarez, Priscila Cajas, Jose Carlos Castro, Roger Codinachs, Jose Contreras, Maria Jose Coves, Carmen Fajardo, Juan Carlos Ferrer, Neus Font, Mar Garcia, Maria Apolonia Gil, Fernando Gomez, Lluis Alberto Gomez, Jose Gonzalbez, Jose Luis Griera, Luís Masmiquel, Didac Mauricio, Silvia Narejos Perez, Juana Ana Nicolau, Olga Noheda Contreras, Josefina Olivan, Josefina Olivares, Emilio Ortega, Silvia Pellitero, Salvador Pertusa, Ferran Rius, Irene Rodriguez, Carlos Sánchez-Juan, Dolores Santos, Berta Soldevila, David Subias, Manel Terns, Carlos Trescoli, Judith Vilaplana, Alicia Villanueva, Jaan Albo, Kjell Antus, Mattias Axelsson, Lisa Bergström, Emil Binsell-Gerdin, Kurt Boman, Fabian Botond, Annika Dotevall, Anna Graipe, C Jarnet, Jessica Kaminska, Anders Kempe, Michael Korhonen, Carina Linderfalk, Bo Liu, Karl Ljungstroem, Karl Ljungström, Lennart Malmqvist, Linda Mellbin, Thomas Mooe, Peter Nicol, Anders Norrby, Ake Ohlsson, Annika Rosengren, Jan Saaf, Staffan Salmonsson, Olof Strandberg, Karl-Axel Svensson, Bengt-Olov Tengmark, Georgios Tsatsaris, Anders Ulvenstam, Peter Vasko, Chwen-Tzuei Chang, Hsin-Mei Chang, Jung-Fu Chen, To-Pang Chen, Ming-Min Chung, Chia-Po Fu, Te-Lin Hsia, Shih-Che Hua, Ming-Chun Kuo, Chia-ln Lee, I-Te Lee, Kae-Woei Liang, Shih Yi Lin, Chieh-Hsiang Lu, Wen-Ya Ma, Dee Pei, Feng-Chih Shen, Ching-Chieh Su, Shuo-Wei Su, Tsai-Sung Tai, Wan-Ni Tsai, Yi-Ting Tsai, Shih-Chen Tung, Jun-Sing Wang, Hui-I Yu, Ahmed Al-Qaissi, Vijayaraman Arutchelvam, Stephen Atkin, Simon Au, Myint Myint Aye, Stephen Bain, Cristina Bejnariu, Patrick Bell, Deepak Bhatnagar, Rudy Bilous, Neil Black, Ursula Brennan, Barbara Brett, Jana Bujanova, Elaine Chow, Andrew Collier, Amanda Combe, Christopher Courtney, Hamish Courtney, James Crothers, Patrick Eavis, Jackie Elliott, Salvatore Febbraro, Jim Finlayson, Rajiv Gandhi, Sharon Gillings, Jonathan Hamling, Roy Harper, Tim Harris, Kahal Hassan, Simon Heller, Alison Jane, Zeeshan Javed, Tim Johnson, Stephen Jones, Adele Kennedy, David Kerr, Brian Kilgallon, Judith Konya, John Lindsay, Lina Lomova-Williams, Helen Looker, David MacFarlane, Sandra Macrury, Iqbal Malik, Rory McCrimmon, Douglas McKeith, John McKnight, Biswa Mishra, Racha Mukhtar, Ciara Mulligan, Maurice O'Kane, Tolu Olateju, Ian Orpen, Tristan Richardson, Desmond Rooney, Shorsha Bae Ross, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Naveen Siddaramaiah, Lee Euan Sit, Jeffrey Stephens, Frances Turtle, Ammar Wakil, Emma Walkinshaw, Asem Ali, Robert Anderson, Richard Arakaki, Omar Aref, Mehrdad Kevin Ariani, David Arkin, Salomon Banarer, George Barchini, Arti Bhan, Kelley Branch, Donald Brautigam, Stephen Brietzke, Maridez Brinas, Yudit Brito, Casey Carter, Kimberely Casagni, Sabina Casula, Simon Chakko, Seth Charatz, Dale Childress, Lisa Chow, Malgorzata Chustecka, Subha Clarke, Lisa Cohen, Barry Collins, Gildred Colon Vega, Angel Comulada-Rivera, Gregorio Cortes-Maisonet, Matthew Davis, Jose de Souza, Cyrus Desouza, Mary Dinnan, Bobbi Duffy-Hidalgo, Barbara Dunn, Julia Dunn, Marshall Elman, James Felicetta, Stuart Finkelstein, David Fitz-Patrick, Hermes Florez, Alan Forker, Wayne Fowler, Sonja Fredrickson, Zachary Freedman, Brooke Gainey Narron, Kristin Gainey-Ferree, Michael Gardner, Christian Gastelum, Stephen Giddings, Eve Gillespie, Michael Paul Gimness, Gary Goldstein, Maria Gomes, Nelson Gomez, Timothy Gorman, Ketan Goswami, Arthur Graves, Scott Hacking, Charles Hall, Lenita Hanson, Sherman Harman, David Heber, Robert Henry, Janette Hiner, Irl Hirsch, Priscilla Hollander, Thomas Hooker, Barry Horowitz, Laura Hoste, Loli Huang, Minh Huynh, Dan Hyman, Soha Idriss, Ali Iranmanesh, Dennis Karounos, Moti Kashyap, Lois Katz, William Kaye, Yevgeniy Khaiton, Romesh Khardori, Timothy Kitchen, Andrew Klein, Wendi Knffem, Mikhail Kosiborod, Nicola Kreglinger, Davida Kruger, Anubhav Kumar, Ivan Laboy, Patricia Larrabee, Laura Larrick, Donna Lawson, Mike Ledet, James Lenhard, James Levy, George Li, Zhaoping Li, David Lieb, April Limcolioc, Jane Lions-Patterson, Daniel Lorber, Daniel Lorch, Michael Lorrello, Peter Lu, Kathryn Jean Lucas, Siu-Ling Ma, Michael MacAdams, Michelle Magee, Alexander Magno, Aparna Reddy Mahakala, Jennifer Marks, Anthony McCall, William McClanahan, Carole McClary, Lydia Melendez, John Melish, Deanna Michaud, Christopher Miller, Neil Miller, Pablo Mora, Marriyam Moten, Sunder Mudaliar, Gregory Myrick, Puneet Narayan, Mike Nassif, Karena Neri, Tabitha Newton, Patricia Niblack, Philip Nicol, Ebenezer Nyenwe, A. Ola Odugbesan, Yolanda Okorocha, Ramón Ortiz Carrasquillo, Kwame Osei, Coromoto Palermo, Hiren Patel, Krishna Patel, Cindy Pau, Michael Perley, Sanford Plevin, Elena Plummer, Richard Powell, Mohammed Qintar, Rex Rawls, John Reyes-Castano, Lillian Reynolds, Robert Richards, Julio Rosenstock, Caroline Rowe, Jahandar Saleh, Sony Sam, Alfredo Sanchez, Donald Sander, Bruce Sanderson, Virginia Savin, Elizabeth Seaquist, Jayendra Shah, Serena Shi, Vijay Shivaswamy, Tammi Shlotzhauer, David Shore, Bobbie Skukowski, Kyaw Soe, Vesna Solheim, Joseph Soufer, Helmut Steinberg, Jaime Steinsapir, Phillip Tarkington, Debra Thayer, Stephen Thomson, James Thrasher, Joseph Tibaldi, Jeff Tjaden, Oberto Tores, Dace Trence, Subbulaxmi Trikudanathan, Jagdeesh Ullal, Gabriel Uwaifo, Anthony Vo, Kenny Vu, Damandeep Walia, Karen Weiland, Fred Whitehouse, Thomas Wiegmann, Kathleen Wyne, Alan Wynne, Kevin Yuen, Joel Zaretzky, James Zebrack, Franklin Zieve, William Zigrang, and Everest

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Placebo-controlled study, Glucagon-Like Peptides, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Internal medicine, Medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Diabetic Nephropathies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Renal replacement therapy, Aged, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Creatinine, Dulaglutide, Female, business, medicine.drug, Kidney disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract

Digital, Background: Two glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduced renal outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at risk for cardiovascular disease. We assessed the long-term effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on renal outcomes in an exploratory analysis of the REWIND trial of the effect of dulaglutide on cardiovascular disease. Methods: REWIND was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at 371 sites in 24 countries. Men and women aged at least 50 years with type 2 diabetes who had either a previous cardiovascular event or cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1) to either weekly subcutaneous injection of dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or placebo and followed up at least every 6 months for outcomes. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) were estimated from urine and serum values measured in local laboratories every 12 months. The primary outcome (first occurrence of the composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes), secondary outcomes (including a composite microvascular outcome), and safety outcomes of this trial have been reported elsewhere. In this exploratory analysis, we investigate the renal component of the composite microvascular outcome, defined as the first occurrence of new macroalbuminuria (UACR >33·9 mg/mmol), a sustained decline in eGFR of 30% or more from baseline, or chronic renal replacement therapy. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01394952. Findings: Between Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive dulaglutide (n=4949) or placebo (n=4952). At baseline, 791 (7·9%) had macroalbuminuria and mean eGFR was 76·9 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (SD 22·7). During a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·1-5·9) comprising 51 820 person-years, the renal outcome developed in 848 (17·1%) participants at an incidence rate of 3·5 per 100 person-years in the dulaglutide group and in 970 (19·6%) participants at an incidence rate of 4·1 per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·85, 95% CI 0·77-0·93; p=0·0004). The clearest effect was for new macroalbuminuria (HR 0·77, 95% CI 0·68-0·87; p, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

Published
2019

3. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author

Hertzel C Gerstein, Helen M Colhoun, Gilles R Dagenais, Rafael Diaz, Mark Lakshmanan, Prem Pais, Jeffrey Probstfield, Jeffrey S Riesmeyer, Matthew C Riddle, Lars Rydén, Denis Xavier, Charles Messan Atisso, Leanne Dyal, Stephanie Hall, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Gloria Wong, Alvaro Avezum, Jan Basile, Namsik Chung, Ignacio Conget, William C Cushman, Edward Franek, Nicolae Hancu, Markolf Hanefeld, Shaun Holt, Petr Jansky, Matyas Keltai, Fernando Lanas, Lawrence A Leiter, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Ernesto German Cardona Munoz, Valdis Pirags, Nana Pogosova, Peter J Raubenheimer, Jonathan E Shaw, Wayne H-H Sheu, Theodora Temelkova-Kurktschiev, Mercedes Abella, Andrea Alebuena, Sandra Almagro, Eduardo Amoroso, Paula Anadon, Elizabeth Andreu, Guillermo Aristimuño, Maria Arzadun, Maria Barbieri, Raul Barcudi, Ines Bartolacci, Gabriel Bolobanich, Anselmo Bordonava, Miguel Bustamante Labarta, Betina Bustos, Alberto Caccavo, Alejandra Camino, Maria Cantero, Maria Carignano, Luis Cartasegna, Marcela Cipullo, Víctor Commendatore, Victoria Conosciuto, Osvaldo Costamagna, Claudia Crespo, Jose Cuello, Carlos Cuneo, Sandra Cusimano, Sofia Dean, Claudio Dituro, Andrea Dominguez, Miguel Farah, Alberto Fernandez, Florencia Fernandez, Adriana Ferrari, Patricia Flammia, Jose Fuentealba, Karina Beatriz Gallardo, Celso Garcia, Ruben Garcia Duran, Marcelo Garrido, Rodolfo Gavicola, Claudio Gerbaudo, Graciela Gilli, Ana Paula Giotto, Pedro Godoy Bolzán, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Fernando Guerlloy, Cristian Guridi, Narcisa Gutierrez Garrido, Eduardo Hasbani, Sonia Hermida, Miguel Hominal, Adrian Hrabar, Adrián Ingaramo, Alejandra Izzicupo, Mario Krynski, Mariana Lagrutta, Paulina Lanchiotti, Maria Langhe, Veronica Leonard, Javier Llanos, Ricardo Lopez Santi, Jorge Lowenstein, Cecilia Luquez, Ignacio Mackinnon, Melina Mana, Sara Manzur, Javier Marino, Carolina Martella, Roger Martinez, Re Matias, Javier Matkovich, Monica Meritano, Oscar Montaña, María Mulazzi, Juan Ochoa, Gustavo Paterlini, María Pelagagge, Maria Elena Peralta Lopez, Aldo Prado, Lorena Pruyas, Martín Racca, Carola Ricotti, Carolina Rodriguez, Mariano Romero Vidomlansky, Ricardo Ronderos, Ana Laura Sadowski, Jorgelina Sala, Alejandro Sánchez, Andrea Santoro, Lilia Schiavi, Mariano Sein, Virginia Sernia, Leonardo Serra, Maximiliano Sicer, Tomas Smith, Leonardo Soso, Georgina Sposetti, Andrea Steinacher, Jorge Stival, Jorge Tedesco, Hugo Tonin, Mauro Tortolo, Maria Ulla, Julio Vallejos, Marisa Vico, Luciana Virgillito, Virginia Visco, Daniel Vogel, Florencia Waisman, César Zaidman, Noemi Zucchiatti, Imran Badshah, Neale Cohen, Peter Colman, David Colquhoun, Timothy Davis, Spiros Fourlanos, Greg Fulcher, Jane Hamlyn, Cilla Haywood, Samantha Hocking, Maeve Huchinson, William Jeffries, Mervyn Kyl, Clement Lo, PeakMann Mah, Ashley Makepeace, Dolly Marope, Natalie Nanayakkar, Alison Nankervis, Neil Palmer, Barbara Palolus, Satish Pillai, Sarah Price, Joseph Proietto, Anne Reutens, Natassia Rodrigo, Abdul Sheikh, Greg Smith, Michelle So, Georgia Soldatos, Bronwyn Stuckey, Priya Sumithran, Helena Teede, Parind Vora, Lyn Williams, Eduardo Abib, Christiani Adão Poço, Érica Ferreira Alves, Janaina Andreatta Bernardi Barea, Livia Avezum Oliveira, Denise Ludovico da Costa de Castro, Ivan Correa da Cruz, Midiã Costa, Ivan Cruz, Sidney Cunha, Marco Antonio Vieira Da Silva, Renata de Carvalho Camara Bona, Bruna de Paula, Freddy Eliaschewitz, Guilherme Fazolli, Carlos Alberto Ferreira Filho, Jose Fortes, Cesar França, Denise Reis Franco, Paulo Roberto Genestreti, Flavio Giorgeto, Rodrigo Marques Gonçalves, Michele Elka Grossman, Ana Claudia Henrique Marcelino, Mauro Hernandes, Ana Horta, Cristiano Jaeger, Midia Kaneblai, Cecilia Kauffman Rutenberg, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Maria Angelica Lemos, Lilia Maia, Euler Roberto Manenti, Mariana Marques, Cynthia Melissa Valerio, Rodrigo Moreira, Flávia Mothé, Osana Maria Mouco, Philip Moura, José Carlos Moura Jorge, Carlos Nakashima, Marcelo Nakazone, Thiago Napoli, Cristiane Nunes, Joao Eduardo Nunes Salles, Karla Oliveira, Marcela Oliveira, Gracielly de Souza Pantano, Fabio Petri, Leonardo Piazza, Andreia Carla Pires, Patricia Pizzato, Sergio Prata, Dalton Precoma, Rafael Rech, Gilmar Reis, Heleno Reis, Elisabete Resende, Jose Ribas Fortes, Sylka Rodovalho, Fabio Rossi dos Santos, Joao Eduardo Salles, Célia Regina Sampaio, Thiago Santos, Vanessa Santos dos Santos, Tulio Silva e Quadros, Daniel Silveira, Katia Nunes Siqueira, M Teireira, Marcelo Uehara, C Valerio, Henrique Vianna, Maria Helena Vidotti, Guilherme de Lima Visconti, Maria Teresa Zanella, Viktoriya Andreeva, Radoslav Borisov, Nikolay Botushanov, Georgi Dimitrov, Kameliya Dimova, Tsvetan Dragoychev, Valentina Grigorova, Valentina Gushterova, Ivaylo Ivanov, Tatyana Kocelova, Dimo Kurktschiev, Milena Miletieva, Neli Nenkova-Gugusheva, Ralitsa Pancheva, Maria Pavlova, Dimitar Raev, Vesela Spasova, Anastas Stoikov, Dimitar Troev, Todor Yanev, Mariana Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Alexander Abitbol, Buki Ajala, Abdullh Alguwaihes, Jean-Luc Ardilouze, Nahla Aris-Jilwan, Amel Arnaout, Ronnie Aronson, Nadeem Aslam, Sandra Babin, Jean-Patrice Bailargeon, Allan Bailey, Harpreet Bajaj, Christian Beauchesne, Sorin Beca, Andre Belanger, Alan Bell, Diego Bellabarba, Lori Berard, Brian Berenbaum, Vincent Bergeron, Joseph Berlingieri, Frédéric Bernier, Phoebe Bishara, David Blank, Ian Blumer, Suzanne Brault, Donald Breton, André Carpentier, James Cha, Prakash Chandra, Jean-Louis Chiasson, James R Conway, Ghyslaine Couture, Nathalie Couture, Gilles Dagenais, Dyotirmoy Datta, Giuseppe D'Ignazio, Richard Dumas, Didier Fay, Andre Frechette, Louise Frenette, Daisy Fung, Nathalie Gagnon, Meri Galter, Jean Garon, Jean Sebastien Gauthier, Christian Geadah, Jeremy Gilbert, Ronald Girard, Ronald Goldenberg, Loren David Grossman, Nikhil Gupta, Jean-Pierre Halle, Marie-France Hivert, Ghislaine Houde, Robyn Houlden, Irene Hramiak, Ted Jablonski, Akshay Jain Jain, Hasnain Khandwala, Munish Khosla, C Lachance, Emilie Laflamme, Marie-France Langlois, Luc Larivee, Joanne Liutkus, Heather Lochnan, Saleem Malik, Charlotte McDonald, Pravinsagar Mehta, John Mihailidis, Alain Milot, Priya Narula, Patrice Nault, Arun Nayar, William Nisker, Gilles Ouellet, Jean Palardy, Minta Patel, Terri Paul, Sue Pedersen, Patrice Perron, Marie-Hélène Pesant, Paul Poirier, Marie-Claude Poulin, Zubin Punthakee, Waheed Rehman, Stuart Ross, P Sagar, Nouhad Saliba, Sam Sandler, Alicia Schiffrin, Robert Schlosser, Anila Seth-Sharma, Mark Sherman, David Sionit, Tharsan Sivakumar, Juan Soto, Eric St-Amour, Oren Steen, Jack Sussman, Adam Telner, Sheldon Tobe, David-Yaw Twum-Barima, Audrey Van Zanten, Nicole VanRossum, Jonathan Vecchiarelli, Rick Ward, John Wessengel, Stanley Weisnagel, Igor Wilderman, Vincent Woo, Natalia Yakubovich, Jean-Francois Yale, Zeina Yared, Monica Acevedo, Maria Loreto Aguirre, Andres Aizman, Maria Soledad Barroso, Leonardo Cobos, Alfredo Danin Vargas, Barbara Descalzi, Gonzalo Godoy, Elio Grumberg, Rodolfo Lahsen, Gladys Larenas, Eugenia Ortiz, Javier Paredes, Sergio Potthoff, Eva Retamal, Luis Rojas, Manuel Salgado, Claudio Santibanez, Carmen Solis, Benjamin Stokins, Jose Accini, Javier Acebedo, Lina Maria Agudelo Baena, Soraya Alarcon, Juliana Angel, Edgar Arcos, M Aroca Martinez, Leonor Atuesta, Jose Balaguera, Doris Ballestas, Sandra Isabel Barrera, Rosmy Barrios Reyes, Adolfo Bayona, Andres Bermudez, Diego Zarate Bernal, Marco Blanquicett, Victor Bravo, Wendy Bueno, Alvaro Burbano Delgado, Alberto Cadena, Andres Cadena, Sandra Caicedo, Carlos Celemin, Ricardo Consuegra, Cristhian Contreras Pimienta, Kelly Johenis Corredor, Carlos Cure, Lizeth Dayana De La Hoz Rueda, Erika Delgado, Sarahy Diaz, Marta Diego, Anabell Donado, William Encinales Sanabria, Juliana Escobar, Gillian Escorcia, Leonardo Forero, Laura Fuentes, Maria Garcia, Henry Garcia Lozada, Luis Garcia Ortiz, Angela Giraldo, Laura Gomez Gonzalez, Javier Granada, Corina Gutierrez, Natalia Henao, Edwin Hernandez, Olga Maria Herrera Uejbe, Juan Diego Higuera Cobos, Jaime Ibarra Gómez, Edwin Hernandez Jaimes, Monica Jaramillo, Nicolas Jaramillo, Carlos Jaramillo Gomez, Monica Jaramillo Sanchez, Ivonne Jarava Durán, Catalina Lopez Ceballos, Claudia Madrid, Elias María Amastha, Jennifer Mercado, Dora Ines Molina, Jessica Molina Soto, Carlos Montoya, Alexander Morales, Carolina Muñoz, Luis Alejandro Orozco, Oscar Osorio, Jorge Mario Palmera Sanchez, Adwar Peña, Jose Perez, Juan Perez Agudelo, Germán Pérez Amador, Carlos Pertuz, Irina Posada, Carlos Puerta, Adalberto Quintero, Diana Quiroz, Carmen Rendon, Alberto Reyes, Alvaro Reyes, Diana Ripoll, Carlos Rivera, Maria Rocha, Jose F Rodriguez, Kervis Asid Rodriguez Villanueva, Javier Emilio Rodriguez Zabala, Sindy Rojas, Maria Romero, Ricardo Rosero, Angelica Rocio Rosillo Cardenas, Lina Rueda, Gregorio Sanchez, Tatiana Sanchez, Arístides Sotomayor Herazo, Monica Suarez, Mariana Torres, Freddy Trujillo, Miguel Urina, Lazaro Van Strahlen, Carlos Velandia, Carolina Velasquez Guzman, Elizabeth Velazquez, Tatiana Vidal Prada, Juan Pablo Yepez Alvaran, Diego Zarate, Jana Andelova, Radka Benesova, Barbara Buzova, Vladimir Cech, Ida Chodova, Miroslav Choura, Antonin Dufka, Andrea Gamova, Jakub Gorgol, Tomas Hala, Hana Havlova, Dagmar Hlavkova, Petra Horanska, Juliana Ilcisin-Valova, Petra Jenickova, Ondrej Jerabek, Ilona Kantorova, Katerina Kolomaznikova, Iva Kopeckova, Miroslava Kopeckova, Karel Linhart, Tomas Linhart, Jan Malecha, Emilia Malicherova, Dana Neubauerova, Martina Oznerova, Radan Partys, Eva Pederzoliova, Maria Petrusova, Vera Prymkova, Eva Racicka, Ida Reissova, Eva Roderova, Libor Stanek, Alena Striova, Dana Svarcova, Petr Svoboda, Emilia Szeghy Malicharova, Jan Urge, Ladislav Vesely, Bedich Wasserburger, Hilde Wasserburgerova, Emil Zahumensky, Vaclav Zamrazil, Hasan Alawi, Ernestos Anastasiadis, Elisabeth Axthelm, Tasso Bieler, Christina Buhrig, Elizaveta Degtyareva, Frank Dellanna, Karl-Michael Derwahl, Stephan Diessel, Barbara Dogiami, Kirsten Dorn-Weitzel, Monika Ernst, Grit Faulmann, Baerbel Fetscher, Thomas Forst, Gabriele Freyer-Lahres, Klaus Funke, Xenia Ganz, Christiane Gleixner, Christoph Hanefeld, Sven Heinrichs, Stephanie Helleberg, Elena Henkel, Gerd Ruediger Hetzel, Caren Hoffmann, Frohmut Jacob, Stephan Jacob, Franziska John, Antonius Jonczyk, Wolfram Kamke, Christiane Klein, Martina Kleinhardt, Werner Kleophas, Christine Kosch, Kristin Kreutzmann, Achim Kühn, Young Hee Lee-Barkey, Alexander Lier, Sarah Maatouk, Joachim Minnich, Michael Mitry, Ilona Muessig, Diana Nicula, Martina Niemann, Joerg Nothroff, Petra Ott, Andreas Pfuetzner, Andreas Pfützner, Frank Pistrosch, Wildgard Pohl, Zdenka Prochazkova, Marlena Retkowska, Heiko Rosin, Daniela Sachsenheimer, Holger Samer, Mazin Sanuri, Axel Schaefer, Frank Schaper, Erik-Delf Schulze, Marita Schulze, Martina Schumann, Thomas Segiet, Veronika Sowa, Hans-Detlev Stahl, Franziska Steinfeldt, Madlen Teige, Bjoern Trieb, Diethelm Tschoepe, Peter Uebel, Bernd Warken, Ingo Weigmann, Klaus Weyland, Klara Wilhelm, Timea Balo, Miklos Balsay, Ilona Bende, Katalin Bezzegh, Zita Birkus, Barbara Buday, Melinda Csomai, Laszlo Deak, Eniko Dezso, Peter Faludi, M Faluvegi, Ilona Fazekas, Agota Feher, Csaba Fejer, Ervin Finta, Agnes Fulcz, Zsolt Gaal, Mihaly Gurzo, Krisztina Hati, Gabriella Herczeg, Ildiko Jozsef, Marta Juhasz, Katalin Keltai, Laszlo Koranyi, Eniko Kulcsar, Krisztina Kun, Andrea Laczko, Botond Literáti-Nagy, Izabella Mezo, Margit Mileder, I Moricz, Károly Nagy, Bela Nagybaczoni, Csaba Nemeth, Agnes Oze, Jozsef Pauer, Eva Peterfai, Bela Polocsanyi, Ferenc Poor, István Reiber, Csaba Salamon, Julia Sebestyen, Ildiko Torok, Marianna Tuu, Andrea Varga, Viktor Vass, Chul Min Ahn, Chulwoo Ahn, Park ByungWon, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Kiyuk Chang, Eui-Young Choi, Han Seok Choi, Jin-Wook Chung, Bum- Kee Hong, Young Joon Hong, Min Su Hyon, Myung Ho Jeong, Shinae Kang, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Ju Han Kim, Kee-Sik Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Pum-Joon Kim, Soon-Kil Kim, Yong-Seok Kim, Young Kwon Kim, Yoon Seok Koh, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Bae Lee, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Mee Lim, Pil Ki Min, Jong Sung Park, Jongsuk Park, Keun Ho Park, Sungha Park, Wook Bum Pyun, Se Joong Rim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Hong-Seog Seo, Ki Bae Seung, Dong-Ho Shin, Doo Sun Sim, Young Won Yoon, Ilze Andersone, Kristine Babicka, Inga Balcere, Roberts Barons, Inguna Capkovska, Kristine Geldnere, Inese Grigane, Baiba Jegere, Ilze Lagzdina, Lija Mora, Sigita Pastare, Rota Ritenberga, Janina Romanova, Inta Saknite, Natalja Sidlovska, Jelena Sokolova, Sandra Steina, Iveta Strizko, Dace Teterovska, Brigita Vizina, Lina Barsiene, Gintare Belozariene, Laura Daugintyte-Petrusiene, Nijole Drungiliene, Nijole Garsviene, Ala Grigiene, Vytautas Grizas, Virginija Jociene, Dalia Kalvaitiene, Jugeta Kaupiene, Jurate Kavaliauskiene, Dalia Kozloviene, Ilona Lapteva, Birute Maneikiene, Jolanta Marcinkeviciene, Vaidilija Markauskiene, Salomeja Meiluniene, Almantas Norkus, Rita Norviliene, Vladimiras Petrenko, Ruta Radzeviciene, Gintare Sakalyte, Gediminas Urbonas, Skaiste Urbutiene, Donatas Vasiliauskas, Dzilda Velickiene, Carlos Aguilar, Marco Alcocer, Juan Antonio Avalos-Ramirez, Ramiro Banda-Elizondo, Rubria Bricio-Ramirez, Karla Cardenas Mejia, Francisco Cavazos, Jesus Chapa, Erika Cienfuegos, Astrid De la Peña, Gilberto de la Peña Topete, Manuel Odin De los Rios Ibarra, Daniel Elias, Claudia Flores-Moreno, Pedro Garcia Hernandez, Luis Gerardo Gonzalez, Rosa Linda Guerra Moya, Arturo Guerra-Lopez, Raymundo Hernandez Baylon, Carolina Herrera Colorado, Marisol Herrera-Marmolejo, Neri Islas-Palacios, Esteban Lopez, Fernando Lopez, Agustin Lopez Alvarado, Rosa Isela Luna Ceballos, Enrique Morales Villegas, Gualberto Moreno-Virgen, Rosa Linda Parra Perez, Sara Pascoe Gonzalez, Irving Peralta-Cantu, Roopa Previn, Rosa Ramirez, Rubria Ramirez, Maria Guadalupe Ramos Zavala, Monica Rodriguez, Rocio Salgado-Sedano, Ana Claudia Sanchez-Aguilar, Edith Santa Rosa Franco, Leobardo Sauque-Reyna, Rodrigo Suarez Otero, Ivonne Torres, Enrique Velarde-Harnandez, Juan Villagordoa, Efrain Villeda-Espinoza, Jorge Vital-Lopez, Cristian Jair Zavala- Bello, John Baker, Elaine Barrington-Ward, Thomas Brownless, Richard Carroll, Simon Carson, Michelle Choe, Andrew Corin, Brian Corley, Richard Cutfield, Neelam Dalaman, Paul Dixon, Paul Drury, Keith Dyson, Chris Florkowski, Monica Ford, William Frengley, Colin Helm, Colin Katzen, Jane Kerr, Manish Khanolkar, David Kim, Renata Koops, Jeremy Krebs, Robert Leikis, Kwan Low, Alison Luckey, Richard Luke, Susan Macaulay, Rodney Marks, Catherine McNamara, Dean Millar-Coote, Steven Miller, Naomi Mottershead, James Reid, Narcisa Robertson, Ian Rosen, David Rowe, Ole Schmiedel, Russell Scott, Jeffrey Sebastian, Davitt Sheahan, Victoria Stiebel, Ian Ternouth, Chris Tofield, Dirk Venter, Michael Williams, Miles Williams, Fiona Wu, Simon Young, Malgorzata Arciszewska, Anna Bochenek, Piotr Borkowski, Przemyslaw Borowy, Tomasz Chrzanowski, Edward Czerwinski, Marek Dwojak, Agnieszka Grodzicka, Izabela Janiec, Joanna Jaruga, Ewa Krystyna Jazwinska-Tarnawska, Krystyna Jedynasty, Danuta Juzwiak-Czapiewska, Jadwiga Karczewicz-Janowska, Jan Konieczny, Marek Konieczny, Marek Korol, Maciej Kozina, Ewa Krzyzagorska, Ewa Kucharczyk-Petryka, Roman Laz, Anna Majchrzak, Zdzislawa Mrozowska, Michal Mularczyk, Elzbieta Nowacka, Jadwiga Peczynska, Robert Petryka, Radoslaw Pietrzak, Dorota Pisarczyk-Wiza, Aleksandra Rozanska, Zofia Ruzga, Emilia Rzeszotarska, Malgorzata Sacha, Marzenna Sekulska, Anna Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Teresa Stasinska, Agnieszka Strzelecka-Sosik, Teresa Swierszcz, Katarzyna Miroslawa Szymkowiak, Olga Turowska, Krystyna Wisniewska, Maciej Wiza, Iwona Wozniak, Katarzyna Zelazowska, Bernadetta Ziolkowska-Gawron, Danuta Zytkiewicz-Jaruga, Adrian Albota, Carmina Alexandru, Rodica Avram, Cornelia Bala, Diana Barbonta, Roxana Barbu, Daniela Braicu, Nicoleta Calutiu, Doina Catrinoiu, Anca Cerghizan, Alina Ciorba, Anca Craciun, Rodica Doros, Livia Duma, Ancuta Dumitrache, Ioana Ferariu, Anca Ferician Moza, Alexandrina Ghergan, Gheorghe Ghise, Mariana Graur, Mihaela Gribovschi, Bogdan Mihai, Laura Mihalache, Madalina Mihalcea, Nicoleta Mindrescu, Magdalena Morosanu, Andrea Morosoanu, Maria Mota, Anca Moza, Valerica Nafornita, Narcisa Natea, Simona Nicodim, Cristina Nita, Adriana Onaca, Mircea Onaca, Cristina Pop, Lavinia Pop, Amorin Popa, Alexandrina Popescu, Luchiana Pruna, Gabriela Roman, Mihaela Rosu, Alexandra Sima, Doina Sipciu, Carmen Narcisa Sitterli-Natea, Iosif Szilagyi, Minodora Tapurica, Adrian Tase, Adriana-Carmen Tutescu, Luminita Vanghelie, Ioana Verde, Adrian Vlad, Mihaela Zarnescu, Roman Akhmetov, Irina Allenova, Irina Avdeeva, Oksana Baturina, Irina Biserova, Nikolay Bokovin, Irina Bondar, Natalia Burova, Galina Chufeneva, Elena Chumachek, Marina Demidova, Alexander Demin, Vera Drobysheva, Irina Egorova, Lev Esenyan, Ekaterina Gelig, Sergey Gilyarevsky, Maria Golshmid, Arseniy Goncharov, Anastasia Gorbunova, Ivan Gordeev, Vera Gorelysheva, Tatiana Goryunova, Irina Grebenshchikova, Roman Ilchenko, Maria Ivannikova, Saule Karabalieva, Juliya Karpeeva, Elena Khaykina, Zhanna Kobalava, Irina Kononenko, Oxana Korolik, Anna Korshunova, Victor Kostenko, Irina Krasnopevtseva, Ludmila Krylova, Polina Kulkova, Irina Kuzmina, Alla Ledyaeva, Sergey Levashov, Natalia Lokhovinina, Vadim Lvov, Narine Martirosyan, Sergey Nedogoda, Rostislav Nilk, Yulia Osmolovskaya, Alexey Panov, Olga Paramonova, Ekaterina Pavlova, Elena Pekareva, Nina Petunina, Svetlana Ponamareva, Galina Reshedko, Alla Salasyuk, Malvina Sepkhanyan, Alexandr Serebrov, Olesya Shabelnikova, Andrey Skvortsov, Olga Smirnova, Oxana Spiridonova, Svetlana Strogova, Evgeny Taratukhin, Sergey Tereschenko, Lubov Trukhina, Olga Tsarkova, Vera Tsoma, Farid Tumarov, Natalya Tyan, Tatiana Tyurina, Svetlana Villevalde, Elena Yankovaya, Ludmila Zarutskaya, Elena Zenkova, Aysha Badat, Frederik Bester, Suzanne Blignaut, Dirk Blom, Susan Booysen, Warren Boyd, Brigitte Brice, Susan Brown, Lesley Burgess, Reina Cawood, Kathleen Coetzee, Hillet Conradie, Tanja Cronje, Douwe de Jong, Graham Ellis, Shaunagh Emanuel, Ingrid Engelbrecht, Sharne Foulkes, Done Fourie, Gilbert Gibson, Thirumani Govender, Sumayah Hansa, Allana Colleen Hemus, Firzana Hendricks, Marshall Heradien, Chantelle Holmgren, Zaheer Hoosain, Emile Horak, Johannes Howard, Ignatius Immink, E. Janari, Daksha Jivan, Karl Klusmann, Weik Labuschagne, Yen-yu Lai, Gulam Latiff, J. Lombaard, Hanlie Lottering, Ronel Meeding, Shirley Middlemost, Haroon Mitha, Ismail Mitha, Sandile Mkhwanazi, Rajendran Moodley, Almeri Murray, Dany Musungaie, Yasmin Osman, Kirsten Peacey, Larisha Pillay-Ramaya, Catharina Pretorius, Hans Prozesky, Mahomed Sarvan, E Scholtz, Attila Sebesteny, Bianca Skinner, Michael Skriker, M Smit, Anna-Marie Stapelberg, Nicolaas Swanepoel, Dorothea Urbach, Dina van Aswegen, Francois van Zyl, Louis Van Zyl, Esme Venter, Shahid Wadvalla, Jeffrey Wing, Karen Wolmarans, Cristina Abreu, Pilar Aguilà, Eva Aguilera, Nuria Alonso, Carmen Alvarez, Priscila Cajas, Jose Carlos Castro, Roger Codinachs, Jose Contreras, Maria Jose Coves, Carmen Fajardo, Juan Carlos Ferrer, Neus Font, Mar Garcia, Maria Apolonia Gil, Fernando Gomez, Lluis Alberto Gomez, Jose Gonzalbez, Jose Luis Griera, Luís Masmiquel, Didac Mauricio, Silvia Narejos Perez, Juana Ana Nicolau, Olga Noheda Contreras, Josefina Olivan, Josefina Olivares, Emilio Ortega, Silvia Pellitero, Salvador Pertusa, Ferran Rius, Irene Rodriguez, Carlos Sánchez-Juan, Dolores Santos, Berta Soldevila, David Subias, Manel Terns, Carlos Trescoli, Judith Vilaplana, Alicia Villanueva, Jaan Albo, Kjell Antus, Mattias Axelsson, Lisa Bergström, Emil Binsell-Gerdin, Kurt Boman, Fabian Botond, Annika Dotevall, Anna Graipe, C Jarnet, Jessica Kaminska, Anders Kempe, Michael Korhonen, Carina Linderfalk, Bo Liu, Karl Ljungstroem, Karl Ljungström, Lennart Malmqvist, Linda Mellbin, Thomas Mooe, Peter Nicol, Anders Norrby, Ake Ohlsson, Annika Rosengren, Jan Saaf, Staffan Salmonsson, Olof Strandberg, Karl-Axel Svensson, Bengt-Olov Tengmark, Georgios Tsatsaris, Anders Ulvenstam, Peter Vasko, Chwen-Tzuei Chang, Hsin-Mei Chang, Jung-Fu Chen, To-Pang Chen, Ming-Min Chung, Chia-Po Fu, Te-Lin Hsia, Shih-Che Hua, Ming-Chun Kuo, Chia-ln Lee, I-Te Lee, Kae-Woei Liang, Shih Yi Lin, Chieh-Hsiang Lu, Wen-Ya Ma, Dee Pei, Feng-Chih Shen, Ching-Chieh Su, Shuo-Wei Su, Tsai-Sung Tai, Wan-Ni Tsai, Yi-Ting Tsai, Shih-Chen Tung, Jun-Sing Wang, Hui-I Yu, Ahmed Al-Qaissi, Vijayaraman Arutchelvam, Stephen Atkin, Simon Au, Myint Myint Aye, Stephen Bain, Cristina Bejnariu, Patrick Bell, Deepak Bhatnagar, Rudy Bilous, Neil Black, Ursula Brennan, Barbara Brett, Jana Bujanova, Elaine Chow, Andrew Collier, Amanda Combe, Christopher Courtney, Hamish Courtney, James Crothers, Patrick Eavis, Jackie Elliott, Salvatore Febbraro, Jim Finlayson, Rajiv Gandhi, Sharon Gillings, Jonathan Hamling, Roy Harper, Tim Harris, Kahal Hassan, Simon Heller, Alison Jane, Zeeshan Javed, Tim Johnson, Stephen Jones, Adele Kennedy, David Kerr, Brian Kilgallon, Judith Konya, John Lindsay, Lina Lomova-Williams, Helen Looker, David MacFarlane, Sandra Macrury, Iqbal Malik, Rory McCrimmon, Douglas McKeith, John McKnight, Biswa Mishra, Racha Mukhtar, Ciara Mulligan, Maurice O'Kane, Tolu Olateju, Ian Orpen, Tristan Richardson, Desmond Rooney, Shorsha Bae Ross, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Naveen Siddaramaiah, Lee Euan Sit, Jeffrey Stephens, Frances Turtle, Ammar Wakil, Emma Walkinshaw, Asem Ali, Robert Anderson, Richard Arakaki, Omar Aref, Mehrdad Kevin Ariani, David Arkin, Salomon Banarer, George Barchini, Arti Bhan, Kelley Branch, Donald Brautigam, Stephen Brietzke, Maridez Brinas, Yudit Brito, Casey Carter, Kimberely Casagni, Sabina Casula, Simon Chakko, Seth Charatz, Dale Childress, Lisa Chow, Malgorzata Chustecka, Subha Clarke, Lisa Cohen, Barry Collins, Gildred Colon Vega, Angel Comulada-Rivera, Gregorio Cortes-Maisonet, Matthew Davis, Jose de Souza, Cyrus Desouza, Mary Dinnan, Bobbi Duffy-Hidalgo, Barbara Dunn, Julia Dunn, Marshall Elman, James Felicetta, Stuart Finkelstein, David Fitz-Patrick, Hermes Florez, Alan Forker, Wayne Fowler, Sonja Fredrickson, Zachary Freedman, Brooke Gainey Narron, Kristin Gainey-Ferree, Michael Gardner, Christian Gastelum, Stephen Giddings, Eve Gillespie, Michael Paul Gimness, Gary Goldstein, Maria Gomes, Nelson Gomez, Timothy Gorman, Ketan Goswami, Arthur Graves, Scott Hacking, Charles Hall, Lenita Hanson, Sherman Harman, David Heber, Robert Henry, Janette Hiner, Irl Hirsch, Priscilla Hollander, Thomas Hooker, Barry Horowitz, Laura Hoste, Loli Huang, Minh Huynh, Dan Hyman, Soha Idriss, Ali Iranmanesh, Dennis Karounos, Moti Kashyap, Lois Katz, William Kaye, Yevgeniy Khaiton, Romesh Khardori, Timothy Kitchen, Andrew Klein, Wendi Knffem, Mikhail Kosiborod, Nicola Kreglinger, Davida Kruger, Anubhav Kumar, Ivan Laboy, Patricia Larrabee, Laura Larrick, Donna Lawson, Mike Ledet, James Lenhard, James Levy, George Li, Zhaoping Li, David Lieb, April Limcolioc, Jane Lions-Patterson, Daniel Lorber, Daniel Lorch, Michael Lorrello, Peter Lu, Kathryn Jean Lucas, Siu-Ling Ma, Michael MacAdams, Michelle Magee, Alexander Magno, Aparna Reddy Mahakala, Jennifer Marks, Anthony McCall, William McClanahan, Carole McClary, Lydia Melendez, John Melish, Deanna Michaud, Christopher Miller, Neil Miller, Pablo Mora, Marriyam Moten, Sunder Mudaliar, Gregory Myrick, Puneet Narayan, Mike Nassif, Karena Neri, Tabitha Newton, Patricia Niblack, Philip Nicol, Ebenezer Nyenwe, A. Ola Odugbesan, Yolanda Okorocha, Ramón Ortiz Carrasquillo, Kwame Osei, Coromoto Palermo, Hiren Patel, Krishna Patel, Cindy Pau, Michael Perley, Sanford Plevin, Elena Plummer, Richard Powell, Mohammed Qintar, Rex Rawls, John Reyes-Castano, Lillian Reynolds, Robert Richards, Julio Rosenstock, Caroline Rowe, Jahandar Saleh, Sony Sam, Alfredo Sanchez, Donald Sander, Bruce Sanderson, Virginia Savin, Elizabeth Seaquist, Jayendra Shah, Serena Shi, Vijay Shivaswamy, Tammi Shlotzhauer, David Shore, Bobbie Skukowski, Kyaw Soe, Vesna Solheim, Joseph Soufer, Helmut Steinberg, Jaime Steinsapir, Phillip Tarkington, Debra Thayer, Stephen Thomson, James Thrasher, Joseph Tibaldi, Jeff Tjaden, Oberto Tores, Dace Trence, Subbulaxmi Trikudanathan, Jagdeesh Ullal, Gabriel Uwaifo, Anthony Vo, Kenny Vu, Damandeep Walia, Karen Weiland, Fred Whitehouse, Thomas Wiegmann, Kathleen Wyne, Alan Wynne, Kevin Yuen, Joel Zaretzky, James Zebrack, Franklin Zieve, William Zigrang, and Everest

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Population, Placebo-controlled study, Glucagon-Like Peptides, Myocardial Infarction, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Semaglutide, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments, Stroke, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dulaglutide, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Digital, Background Three different glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk with high glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations. We assessed the effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events when added to the existing antihyperglycaemic regimens of individuals with type 2 diabetes with and without previous cardiovascular disease and a wide range of glycaemic control. Methods This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done at 371 sites in 24 countries. Men and women aged at least 50 years with type 2 diabetes who had either a previous cardiovascular event or cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1) to either weekly subcutaneous injection of dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or placebo. Randomisation was done by a computer-generated random code with stratification by site. All investigators and participants were masked to treatment assignment. Participants were followed up at least every 6 months for incident cardiovascular and other serious clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of the composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes (including unknown causes), which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01394952. Findings Between Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants (mean age 66·2 years [SD 6·5], median HbA1c 7·2% [IQR 6·6–8·1], 4589 [46·3%] women) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive dulaglutide (n=4949) or placebo (n=4952). During a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·1–5·9), the primary composite outcome occurred in 594 (12·0%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·4 per 100 person-years in the dulaglutide group and in 663 (13·4%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·7 per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·88, 95% CI 0·79–0·99; p=0·026). All-cause mortality did not differ between groups (536 [10·8%] in the dulaglutide group vs 592 [12·0%] in the placebo group; HR 0·90, 95% CI 0·80–1·01; p=0·067). 2347 (47·4%) participants assigned to dulaglutide reported a gastrointestinal adverse event during follow-up compared with 1687 (34·1%) participants assigned to placebo (p, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

Published
2019

4. The neuro-cardio-endocrine response to acute subarachnoid haemorrhage

Author

Richard D. Ferch, Chris Frampton, Robert Leikis, Janusz A. Bonkowski, Eric A. Espiner, A. Mark Richards, and Martin R. MacFarlane

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Aldosterone, biology, Troponin T, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Peptide hormone, Brain natriuretic peptide, Troponin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Atrial natriuretic peptide, chemistry, Internal medicine, cardiovascular system, biology.protein, medicine, Natriuretic peptide, cardiovascular diseases, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Hormone
Abstract

OBJECTIVE Whereas cardiac hormones increase after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), and may contribute to sodium wastage and hyponatraemia, there is controversy concerning the relative roles of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) vs. brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the factors initiating their secretion. Noting previous work linking stress hormone responses with cardiac injury after SAH, we have studied responses in stress hormones, markers of cardiac injury and the temporal changes in ANP and BNP and related them to changes in sodium status post ictus and during recovery from acute SAH. DESIGN, PATIENTS, MEASUREMENTS Eighteen patients with verified SAH of variable severity were studied in a single unit for a 14-day period post ictus under controlled conditions of sodium and fluid intake. All received a standardized protocol of daily dexamethasone and nimodipine throughout the study. Severity was graded using criteria of Hess and Hunt at admission. Stress hormones (AVP, catecholamines and admission plasma cortisol), markers of cardiac injury (ECG and daily plasma troponin T) and cardiac hormones (ANP and BNP) were measured daily and related to severity, plasma sodium and renin-aldosterone activity. Hormone levels (ANP, BNP and endothelin) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were also measured in nine patients. RESULTS Intense neurohormonal activation (AVP, cortisol and catecholamines) at admission was associated with increased levels of both plasma ANP and BNP whereas levels in CSF were unaffected. In individual patients plasma levels of ANP and BNP were strongly correlated (P < 0.001). Cardiac events (abnormal ECG and/or elevated troponin) occurred in six of seven patients graded severe but neither stress hormones nor cardiac peptides differed significantly in patients with mild (n = 11) vs. severe (n = 7) SAH. During the course of a progressive fall in plasma sodium concentration (P = 0.001), there was a delayed activation of renin-aldosterone which was inversely correlated with declining levels of plasma ANP/BNP (P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Excessive secretion of both ANP and BNP occurs in all patients after acute subarachnoid haemorrhage and is unrelated to severity, stress hormone activation or markers of cardiac injury. Inhibition of renin-aldosterone by cardiac hormones may impair renal sodium conservation and contribute to developing hyponatraemia. In the absence of evidence for activation of natriuretic peptides within the brain, the prompt and consistent increase in both ANP and BNP strongly supports the view that the heart is the source of increased natriuretic peptide secretion after acute subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Published
2002
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5. The neuro-cardio-endocrine response to acute subarachnoid haemorrhage

Author

Eric A, Espiner, Robert, Leikis, Richard D, Ferch, Martin R, MacFarlane, Janusz A, Bonkowski, Christopher M, Frampton, and A Mark, Richards

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, Epinephrine, Hydrocortisone, Endothelins, Sodium, Middle Aged, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Creatine, Arginine Vasopressin, Electrocardiography, Norepinephrine, Troponin T, Acute Disease, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain, Humans, Female, Aldosterone, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, Aged
Abstract

Whereas cardiac hormones increase after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), and may contribute to sodium wastage and hyponatraemia, there is controversy concerning the relative roles of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) vs. brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the factors initiating their secretion. Noting previous work linking stress hormone responses with cardiac injury after SAH, we have studied responses in stress hormones, markers of cardiac injury and the temporal changes in ANP and BNP and related them to changes in sodium status post ictus and during recovery from acute SAH.Eighteen patients with verified SAH of variable severity were studied in a single unit for a 14-day period post ictus under controlled conditions of sodium and fluid intake. All received a standardized protocol of daily dexamethasone and nimodipine throughout the study. Severity was graded using criteria of Hess and Hunt at admission. Stress hormones (AVP, catecholamines and admission plasma cortisol), markers of cardiac injury (ECG and daily plasma troponin T) and cardiac hormones (ANP and BNP) were measured daily and related to severity, plasma sodium and renin-aldosterone activity. Hormone levels (ANP, BNP and endothelin) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were also measured in nine patients.Intense neurohormonal activation (AVP, cortisol and catecholamines) at admission was associated with increased levels of both plasma ANP and BNP whereas levels in CSF were unaffected. In individual patients plasma levels of ANP and BNP were strongly correlated (P0.001). Cardiac events (abnormal ECG and/or elevated troponin) occurred in six of seven patients graded severe but neither stress hormones nor cardiac peptides differed significantly in patients with mild (n = 11) vs. severe (n = 7) SAH. During the course of a progressive fall in plasma sodium concentration (P = 0.001), there was a delayed activation of renin-aldosterone which was inversely correlated with declining levels of plasma ANP/BNP (P0.002).Excessive secretion of both ANP and BNP occurs in all patients after acute subarachnoid haemorrhage and is unrelated to severity, stress hormone activation or markers of cardiac injury. Inhibition of renin-aldosterone by cardiac hormones may impair renal sodium conservation and contribute to developing hyponatraemia. In the absence of evidence for activation of natriuretic peptides within the brain, the prompt and consistent increase in both ANP and BNP strongly supports the view that the heart is the source of increased natriuretic peptide secretion after acute subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Published
2002

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