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A) CT and MRI of patient with prolonged partial response with MTL-CEBPA treatment B) IFN-gamma, NFkB and IL6 trend at days 1, 8 and 15 following treatment and C) AFP change at from baseline to 4, 8 and 16 weeks on treatment

Supplementary Legends

Showing complete radiological response of lung metastases

Dose escalation flow chart. DLT - dose limiting toxicity, MTD - maximum tolerated dose

Trial Protocol

Supplementary Table 1 CEBPA-51 PK parameters Supplementary Table 2 RECIST 1.1 response observed overall and per cohorts in HCC patients at cut-off (12 Sep 2018) presented as n (%)

Purpose:Transcription factor C/EBP-α (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) acts as a master regulator of hepatic and myeloid functions and multiple oncogenic processes. MTL-CEBPA is a first-in-class small activating RNA oligonucleotide drug that upregulates C/EBP-α.Patients and Methods:We conducted a phase I, open-label, dose-escalation trial of MTL-CEBPA in adults with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis, or resulting from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or with liver metastases. Patients received intravenous MTL-CEBPA once a week for 3 weeks followed by a rest period of 1 week per treatment cycle in the dose-escalation phase (3+3 design).Results:Thirty-eight participants have been treated across six dose levels (28–160 mg/m2) and three dosing schedules. Thirty-four patients were evaluable for safety endpoints at 28 days. MTL-CEBPA treatment–related adverse events were not associated with dose, and no maximum dose was reached across the three schedules evaluated. Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in nine (24%) patients. In 24 patients with HCC evaluable for efficacy, an objective tumor response was achieved in one patient [4%; partial response (PR) for over 2 years] and stable disease (SD) in 12 (50%). After discontinuation of MTL-CEBPA, seven patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); three patients had a complete response with one further PR and two with SD.Conclusions:MTL-CEBPA is the first saRNA in clinical trials and demonstrates an acceptable safety profile and potential synergistic efficacy with TKIs in HCC. These encouraging phase I data validate targeting of C/EBP-α and have prompted MTL-CEBPA + sorafenib combination studies in HCC.

Longitudinal changes in WBC mRNA expression of CEBPA, adenosine, PD-1 & CXCR4 at screening, day2, 8 and 15 of a single patient treated in the 130mg/m2 cohort

qPCR of CEBPA mRNA levels at days 2, 8 and 15 following treatment

Purpose: Transcription factor C/EBP-α (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) acts as a master regulator of hepatic and myeloid functions and multiple oncogenic processes. MTL-CEBPA is a first-in-class small activating RNA oligonucleotide drug that upregulates C/EBP-α. Patients and Methods: We conducted a phase I, open-label, dose-escalation trial of MTL-CEBPA in adults with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis, or resulting from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or with liver metastases. Patients received intravenous MTL-CEBPA once a week for 3 weeks followed by a rest period of 1 week per treatment cycle in the dose-escalation phase (3+3 design). Results: Thirty-eight participants have been treated across six dose levels (28–160 mg/m2) and three dosing schedules. Thirty-four patients were evaluable for safety endpoints at 28 days. MTL-CEBPA treatment–related adverse events were not associated with dose, and no maximum dose was reached across the three schedules evaluated. Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in nine (24%) patients. In 24 patients with HCC evaluable for efficacy, an objective tumor response was achieved in one patient [4%; partial response (PR) for over 2 years] and stable disease (SD) in 12 (50%). After discontinuation of MTL-CEBPA, seven patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); three patients had a complete response with one further PR and two with SD. Conclusions: MTL-CEBPA is the first saRNA in clinical trials and demonstrates an acceptable safety profile and potential synergistic efficacy with TKIs in HCC. These encouraging phase I data validate targeting of C/EBP-α and have prompted MTL-CEBPA + sorafenib combination studies in HCC.

Background Two once-daily long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are currently available for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – tiotropium and glycopyrronium. Previous studies have compared glycopyrronium with open-label tiotropium. In the GLOW5 study, we compare glycopyrronium with blinded tiotropium. Methods In this blinded, double-dummy, parallel group, 12-week study, patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomized 1:1 to glycopyrronium 50 μg once daily or tiotropium 18 μg once daily. The primary objective was to demonstrate the non-inferiority of glycopyrronium versus blinded tiotropium with respect to trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) following 12 weeks of treatment (non-inferiority margin: –50 mL). Secondary objectives were to evaluate glycopyrronium versus tiotropium for other spirometric outcomes, breathlessness (Transition Dyspnea Index; TDI), health status (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; SGRQ), daily rescue medication use, COPD exacerbations and COPD symptoms over 12 weeks of treatment. Results 657 patients were randomized (glycopyrronium: 327; tiotropium: 330); 96% (630 patients) completed the study. Least squares mean trough FEV1 for both glycopyrronium and tiotropium was 1.405 L at Week 12, meeting the criterion for non-inferiority (mean treatment difference: 0 mL, 95% CI: –32, 31 mL). Glycopyrronium demonstrated rapid bronchodilation following first dose on Day 1, with significantly higher FEV1 at all time points from 0–4 h post-dose versus tiotropium (all p

Background Glycopyrronium, a once-daily long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), has demonstrated a similar efficacy and safety profile to open-label tiotropium in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).1 The GLOW5 study compared the efficacy and safety of glycopyrronium with blinded tiotropium. Methods In this multicentre, 12-week, blinded study, patients ≥ 40 years with moderate-to-severe COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥ 30% and < 80% of the predicted normal, post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70) and a smoking history of ≥10 pack-years were randomised to glycopyrronium 50μg (via Breezhaler® device) or tiotropium 18μg (via HandiHaler® device). The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of glycopyrronium versus tiotropium for trough FEV1 at Week 12 (non-inferiority margin: –50 mL). Other endpoints included FEV1 area under the curve from 0 to 4 hours (AUC0–4hr) on Day 1, Transition Dyspnoea Index (TDI), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), rescue medication use, exacerbation rate, safety and tolerability. Results Of the 657 patients randomised, (glycopyrronium [n = 327]; tiotropium [n = 330]; mean age: 63.5 years, mean post-bronchodilator FEV1: 53.5% predicted), 95.9% completed the study. Glycopyrronium demonstrated non-inferiority to tiotropium for trough FEV1 at Week 12 (Least Squares Mean [LSM] = 1.41L for both the groups; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.032, 0.031L). Glycopyrronium had a rapid onset of bronchodilation in the morning as demonstrated by a higher FEV1 AUC0–4hr on Day 1 compared to tiotropium (LSM treatment difference [Td] = 58mL; p < 0.001). At Week 12, TDI total score (Td = –0.188; p = 0.385), SGRQ total score (Td = 0.65; p = 0.488) and percentage of days with no rescue medication use (Td = –1.5; p = 0.528) were comparable between the groups. No significant treatment difference was observed with respect to rate of moderate/severe COPD exacerbations per year (glycopyrronium 0.38 versus tiotropium 0.35 [rate ratio = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.93]; p = 0.754). Overall, the incidence of adverse events was similar in the glycopyrronium (40.4%) and tiotropium (40.6%) groups. Conclusion Glycopyrronium and blinded tiotropium showed similar improvements in lung function, dyspnoea, health status, exacerbation rate and rescue medication use, with a similar safety and tolerability profile. Onset of bronchodilation with glycopyrronium was significantly more rapid following the first dose. Reference 1. Kerwin, E. et al. Eur Resp J 2012;40:1106–1114.