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Diseñar situaciones de aprendizaje requiere de una teoría que guíe su racionalidad y poseer o desarrollar conocimientos profesionales. Sin embargo, muchos procesos de desarrollo profesional dejan fuera el proceso de diseño y la comprensión de los desafíos profesionales que conlleva. Por su parte, la Teoría Socioepistemológica de la Matemática Educativa plantea que la problematización del saber matemático permite identificar elementos importantes para elaborar las situaciones de aprendizaje. Así, interesa comprender cómo los profesores articulan los elementos de dicha problematización en las situaciones de aprendizaje que elaboran. Para ello se analizaron las situaciones generadas por profesores en un espacio de desarrollo profesional. Esto se realizó a partir de tres categorías: problematización del saber matemático, rediseño del discurso matemático escolar y trayectoria hipotética de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran que los profesores tienen dificultades para realizar problematizaciones robustas y pertinentes, que favorezcan, entre otras cosas, identificar y establecer aquellas prácticas que normen la significación de los saberes matemáticos. Además reducen la dimensión social al establecer contextos donde trabajar el contenido matemático. También tienen dificultades para incorporar los elementos producto de la problematización en una adecuada trayectoria de aprendizaje. Por tanto, la problematización es necesaria, pero no basta para diseñar las situaciones de aprendizaje.

L’articolo tratta il sistema della contrattazione collettiva di Italia, Germania, Francia e Spagna: analizza la storia della contrattazione, la distribuzione funzionale e settoriale del reddito, e il rapporto tra salario e valore aggiunto settoriale, concentrando l’attenzione sul numero dei lavoratori coinvolti nei contratti collettivi e le rispettive quote salariali sul valore aggiunto. L’articolo termina con la proposta di due criteri per riscrivere la matrice dei contratti nazionali: in termini di numero di lavoratori per contratto, e di un minimo valore aggiunto settoriale. Lo scopo è costruire un benchmark quali-quantitativo per ridurre il numero dei contratti collettivi nazionali di lavoro settoriale in Italia, con l’intenzione di restituire la necessaria forza contrattuale ai sindacati per adempiere al ruolo di autorità salariale.

Abstract Background The incidence of the highly morbid and potentially lethal gangrenous cholecystitis was reportedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the ChoCO-W study was to compare the clinical findings and outcomes of acute cholecystitis in patients who had COVID-19 disease with those who did not. Methods Data were prospectively collected over 6 months (October 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021) with 1-month follow-up. In October 2020, Delta variant of SARS CoV-2 was isolated for the first time. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed and reported according to the STROBE guidelines. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who had COVID-19 were compared with those who did not. Results A total of 2893 patients, from 42 countries, 218 centers, involved, with a median age of 61.3 (SD: 17.39) years were prospectively enrolled in this study; 1481 (51%) patients were males. One hundred and eighty (6.9%) patients were COVID-19 positive, while 2412 (93.1%) were negative. Concomitant preexisting diseases including cardiovascular diseases (p

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is considered one of the most frequent neoplasms of the digestive tract with a high mortality rate. Left hemicolectomy (LC) and low anterior resection (LAR) with minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic approaches or with the open technique are the gold standard curative treatment.Materials and methodsSeventy-seven patients diagnosed with CRC were recruited between September 2017 and September 2021. All patients underwent a preoperative staging with a full-body CT scan. The goal of this study was to compare both types of surgeries, LC-LAR LS with Knight–Griffen colorectal anastomosis and LC-LAR open with Trans-Anal Purse-String Suture Anastomosis (the TAPSSA group), by positioning a No-Coil transanal tube (SapiMed Spa, Alessandria, Italy), in terms of postoperative complications such as prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI), anastomotic leak (AL), postoperative ileus (POI), and hospital stay.ResultsThe patients were divided into two groups: the first with 39 patients who underwent LC and LAR in LS with Knight–Griffen anastomosis (Knight–Griffen group) and the second with 38 patients who underwent LC and LAR by the open technique with the TAPSSA group. Only one patient who underwent the open technique suffered AL. POI was 3.76 ± 1.7 days in the TAPSSA group and 3.07 ± 1.3 days in the Knight–Griffen group. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of AL and POI between the two different groups.ConclusionThe important point that preliminarily emerged from this retrospective study was that the two different techniques showed similarities in terms of AL and POI, and therefore, all the advantages reported in the previous studies pertaining to No-Coil also hold good in this study regardless of the surgical technique used. However, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

This survey investigated on adverse events after vaccination with mRNA BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine in children aged 5–11 years in central Italy through active surveillance reporting. During December 2021–January 2022, parents of children who undergone vaccination were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. 197 out of 208 contacted parents participated (94.7% response rate), of whom 166 (84.3%) had one child. Of the 229 children, the mean age was 8.9 years, 50.7% were female. 193 (84.3%) had at least one adverse event after the first dose (mean age 9.1 years; 54.4% female), and 146 (73.4%) of 199 after the second (mean age 8.9 years; 54.8% female), which was not administered to 30 children due to previous COVID-19 history. Local symptoms after the first and second dose occurred in 183 (94.8%) and 141 (96.6%) recipients (p = .435), respectively, while systemic reactions in 62 (32.1%) and 34 (23.3%) (p = .074). Mild events were reported by 81.7% and 69.8% children after the first and second dose, followed by moderate (3.9% and 10.6%) and severe (1.3% and 0.5%). After each dose, injection site reactions (79.5% and 68.8%) were the most frequent, followed by headache (13.1%) and lymphadenopathy (8.5%) after the first and second dose, respectively. The adverse events were reported to pediatricians only for 5.7% and 3.9% of children and treated for 17.6% and 15.8%. This is the first report about safety profile through active surveillance of mRNA BNT162b2 among children in Italy, revealing temporary and mild-to-moderate symptoms with no serious events after each vaccine dose.

Introduction: The aim of this prospective descriptive study was to analyse the possible variables associated with marginal bone loss in rehabilitated implants (Proclinic S.A.U, Zaragoza, Spain) two years after their prosthetic loading. Materials and Methods: Three clinical centres collaborated for a period of two years after the prosthetic rehabilitation of the implants (Proclinic S.A.U, Zaragoza, Spain), in which marginal bone loss and the possible associated variables were evaluated. The collection form comprised different variables throughout different stages of the implant procedure, from implant insertion to the subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation, over a two-year period. Data of the patients and implant characteristics were studied. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS for qualitative (univariate logistic regressions, Chi2 test, and Haberman’s corrected standardised residuals) and quantitative variables (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). Results: The total study sample consisted of 218 implants (Proclinic S.A.U, Zaragoza, Spain). The sample presented a frequency of 99 men (45.4%) and 119 women (54.6%). The mean age of the patients among the reported cases was 58.56 ± 10.12 years. A statistically significant association was found between marginal bone loss 2 years after prosthetic rehabilitation placement and several variables, including age (under 55 years, 0.25 mm ± 0.56; 55–64 years, 0.74 mm ± 0.57; over 65 years, 0.63 mm ± 0.55; p < 0.0001), gender (female, 0.74 mm ± 0.61; male, 0.34 mm ± 0.51; p < 0.0001), bone quality (D1, 0.75 mm ± 0.62; D2, 0.43 mm ± 0.57; D3, 0.65 mm ± 0.60; p < 0.01), implant diameter (up to 4 mm, 0.49 mm ± 0.58; more than 4 mm, 1.21 mm ± 0.30; p < 0.0001), prosthetic connection type (direct to implant, 0.11 mm ± 0.58; transepithelial straight, 0.67 mm ± 0.57; transepithelial angled, 0.33 mm ± 0.25; p < 0001), implant model (internal conical, 0.17 mm ± 0.24; external conical, 0.48 mm ± 0.61; external cylindrical, 1.12 mm ± 0.32; p < 0.0001), prosthetic restoration type (full denture, 0.59 mm ± 0.59; partial denture, 0.50 mm ± 0.85; unitary crown, 0.08 mm ± 0.19; p < 0.05), and insertion torque (>35 N/cm, 0.53 mm ± 0.58; p < 0.01). Conclusions: At 2 years, marginal bone loss following prosthetic rehabilitation was shown to be influenced by multiple factors. Correct implantological planning is of vital importance for successful rehabilitation.

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the impact of different recumbency on sevoflurane-anaesthetised sheep. Seven female sheep were premedicated with 0.1 mg.kg-1 butorfanol and subsequently administered a combination of 3 mg.kg-1 ketamine and 0.5 mg.kg-1 midazolam. Animals were maintained on sevoflurane anaesthesia with pressure-controlled ventilation (12 cm H2O peak inspiratory pressure) and ƒ of 10 mpm. During the anaesthetic procedure, animals underwent one out of three different recumbency: dorsal, left lateral, or right lateral positions. Treatments lasted 120 min with a 48-h washout period in between the treatments. Arterial and central venous blood samples were withdrawn for blood gas and electrolytes analysis and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) CaO2, CcvO2, and CcO2 were calculated accordingly. Results showed that Qs/Qt greatly decreased from 0 to 120 min in all the groups (dorsal: 69.3% to 27.3%; left lateral: 59.1% to 25.0%; right lateral: 67.2% to 32.4%). CaO2, CcvO2 and CcO2 improved over time points, with no difference among treatments. PaO2 and PAO2 showed higher values for 60 and 120 min compared to the 0 min value in all groups, with no differences among treatments as well. PaCO2 and ETCO2 in the lateral groups were higher than those in the dorsal group at 120 min. Pressure-controlled ventilation improved gas exchanges in sheep, thereby reducing pulmonary shunt. Recumbency did not interfere with pulmonary shunt, nevertheless, special attention must be paid to lateral recumbency.

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Anastomotic leak (AL) and prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) are two important complications of colorectal surgery. In this observational retrospective study, we evaluated the positive effects of transanal tube No Coil® in patients with CRC undergoing low anterior resection (LAR) and left hemicolectomy (LC). Methods Thirty-eight cases and forty controls resulted eligible for the final sample. No Coil® placement (SapiMed Spa, Alessandria, Italy) was considered an inclusion criteria for the case group. No Coil® was placed immediately after the end of surgical treatment. Results PPOI was significantly more frequent in the control group. AL was evident in 1 patient (2.6%) of cases and 3 patients (7.5%) of controls. No statistical difference was found in AL occurrence between groups. POI days and AL resulted associated with hospital stay. POI days were negatively associated with No Coil placement and positively with AL. Conclusion With our preliminary data, we suggest that No Coil® placement can be considered as a valuable procedure assisting colorectal surgery, but further studies are required to confirm and enlarge actual evidence.

This paper investigates the consistency of the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan with the economic and industrial policy objectives outlined in the “Next Generation EU” plan and the European Commission’s New European Industrial Policy. We analyze official policy documents in order to highlight some macroeconomic impact indicators with respect to the mission-based allocation of European and national financial resources. The New European Industrial Strategy is particularly challenging; industrial objectives outline a structural challenge capable of reshaping much of the industrial structure and strengthening critical value chains, especially in key sectors. Such an economic challenge requires clear strategic priorities in order to guide the economic transition. In this context, the Italian plan is particularly relevant since it brings together the largest share of European resources. The essay analyzes in detail the allocation of resources of the Italian NRRP, which—while formally adhering to the European guidelines—fails to address the priorities outlined by the EU-wide industrial strategy. JEL codes: E60, E61, E65

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in women. Axillary lymph nodes dissection represents the treatment of choice in locally advanced breast cancer for prognostic and curative purposes. Seroma formation, an abnormal collection of fluid in the dead space of the axilla, is described in Literature with a wide range of incidence (3–85%). It is a source of significant morbidity and discomfort. The aim of the study is to compare the different haemostasis devices used in breast surgery, investigating the eventual superiority of an instrument among the others in terms of intraoperative and postoperative outcome, especially of seroma formation. Methods Clinical cases of female patients undergone axillary lymph nodes dissection for local advanced breast cancer between January 2013 and July 2017 at the Surgery Unit of University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into four groups, according to device utilized during surgery: Electrocautery, Harmonic Scalpel, LigaSure and Thunderbeat. All patients underwent II level axillary lymph nodes dissection associated to radical mastectomy or quadrantectomy. Results One hundred consecutives patients were enrolled in the study. Intra-operative blood loss resulted statistically significant different (P

Il presente contributo rappresenta le caratteristiche settoriali del paese per identificarne punti di forza e di debolezza, così da delineare proposte coerenti con il piano “Next Generation EU”. La trattazione verte sul posizionamento dei settori produttivi rispetto a Francia, Germania, e Spagna, osservato per tutte le categorie NACE2 in due sottoperiodi (2002-2007, 2013-2018). Dalle analisi empiriche emerge una ambivalenza statica ed evolutiva: a fronte della tenuta dei livelli e della apparente similarità di struttura produttiva, si amplia il divario tra l’Italia e gli altri paesi di confronto. Dalle propensioni all’investimento e all’innovazione si evince che la riduzione dei costi prevale sulla ricerca di nuove opportunità di crescita indotte da investimenti e R&S; le differenze settoriali sono però marcate. L’indicazione di politica economica è che, per una gestione efficace dei fondi NGEU, è necessaria un’azione strutturata con criteri di settorialità, territorialità, e di integrazione nazionale delle catene del valore. This contribution represents the sectoral characteristics of Italy in order to identify its strengths and weaknesses, and to outline proposals consistent with the “Next Generation EU” plan. The discussion focuses on sectoral positioning with respect to France, Germany, and Spain, observed for all NACE2 sectors in two subperiods (2002-2007, 2013-2018). From the empirical analyzes, a static vs. dynamic ambivalence emerges: in the face of stability of production levels and the apparent similarity of the production structure, the gap between Italy and the other countries is widening. In Italy, cost reduction strategies prevail over the search for new growth opportunities induced by investments and R&D, though sectoral differences are marked. The policy implication is that, for the effective management of NGEU funds, a structured action is necessary with criteria of sectorality, territoriality, and integration of national value chains. JEL codes: E60, E61, E65

Abstract Within the framework of the CO.B.R.A. project for the development and dissemination of methods, technologies and advanced tools for the conservation of cultural heritage, data and experimental results of several shaking table tests were remotely shared. Through the upgrading of the laboratory with new optoelectronic instrumentation and the application of innovative video processing techniques, the vibrations induced to two typical Italian historic masonry walls and to an isolated pedestal provided with early-warning system for delicate statues were measured and analyzed.

L'articolo richiama i principali contributi di Paolo Leon all'economia e alla politica economica con un'enfasi specifica sui libri da lui pubblicati. Gli autori si concentrano sull'interpretazione di Leon della legge di Engel e delle sue implicazioni macroeconomiche, nonché sulle relazioni tra sviluppo capitalistico, domanda effettiva e cambiamento strutturale. The article recalls Paolo Leon's major contributions to economics and economic policy with a specific emphasis on the books he published. The authors focus on Leon's interpretation of Engel's Law and its macroeconomic implications, as well as on the relations between capitalist development, effective demand and structural change. JEL codes: B32, E12, B51

The aim of the article is some common presuppositions, in modern history, of the ecclesiastical institutions as well as the State as the basis for the contro l and extraction of economic re s o u rces through the knowledge, the most accurate possible, of the “social body”.

O artigo relata e discute as várias instâncias e etapas que deram vida ao Plano Nacional de Educação, enfim aprovado em 9 de janeiro de 2001 pelo presidente da República, com nove textos. Tecendo uma comparação entre a proposta inicial, elaborada em 1998 por educadores, profissionais da educação, estudantes, pais de alunos, entre outros, nos congressos nacionais de educação, e o texto final aprovado pelo parlamento, os autores mostram como os interesses imediatos do governo, majoritário no Congresso, acabaram desfigurando o projeto originário da sociedade, reduzindo-o a uma carta de intenções. Com base nesta análise, os autores concluem que a luta por um "verdadeiro" PNE continua na ordem do dia, exigindo a articulação dos movimentos sociais, o conhecimento detalhado da realidade e a disputa global de propostas e projetos.This paper reports and discusses the various instances and steps that gave life to the Brazilian Plan for Education (Plano Nacional de Educação¾PNE), eventually approved, with nine texts, by the president of Brazil, on January 9, 2001. Drawing a comparison between the initial proposal (elaborated in 1998 by educators, education professionals, students, parent teachers associations, among others, in national congresses on education) and the final text approved by the Parliament, the authors show how the immediate interests of the government, majority in Congress, ended up disfiguring the project that stemmed from society, and reduced it to a letter of intent. Based on this analysis, the authors conclude that the fight for a "real" PNE remains a priority, and requires the articulation of the social movements, a detailed knowledge of reality and the global dispute of proposals and projects.

O autor, que ensina ética e filosofia política, deseja com este artigo indicar o perigo da inflação de palavras como "ética" e "moral" no vocabulário de nossos dias. Ele considera que o desgaste de tais termos, o seu uso indiscreto e indiscriminado, apenas auxilia o niilismo dos valores que domina a sociedade moderna. Como exercício para uma retomada dos conceitos na sua ordem própria, apresenta uma tradução do verbete, apresentado na Enciclopédia de Diderot e D´Alembert, sobre a ciência moral. Ali, são dadas as bases filosóficas do conceito, desde a antigüidade até os tempos modernos. A leitura do verbete pode ajudar no estabelecimento de padrões mais definidos sobre a moral, a ética e os valores que definem os direitos e deveres sociais, o que é relevante para a educação.In this paper, the author, an ethics and political philosophy professor, wishes to pinpoint the dangers of inflating such words as "ethics" and "morality" in our present days vocabulary. He considers that the erosion of these terms, i. e. their indiscreet and indiscriminate use, reinforces the nihilism of values prevailing in modern society. As an exercise to recover these concepts in their proper condition, he brings forward a translation of the entry: "moral science", as found in Diderot and D´Alembert's Encyclopedia. There lie the philosophical bases of the concept, from antiquity to modern times. Reading this entry may help establish more delineated patterns for morality, ethics and the values that define the social rights and duties... which is quite relevant for education.

Este artigo analisa a crise da Universidade brasileira, no Governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso, destacando três monopólios que definem a esfera política.

O artigo analisa os paradigmas mais influentes na história do pensamento moderno, sobretudo nas doutrinas hegelianas e marxistas sobre a sociedade e a ética. Seu alvo é apresentar dúvidas sobre o próprio conceito de "paradigma", tal como ele é aceito e veiculado nas chamadas "ciências" sociais brasileiras.The article analyses the most influential paradigms in the history of the modern thought, mainly the Hegelian and Marxist doctrines on society and ethics. Its aim at raising a few doubts on the paradigm concept itself in the ways it is accepted and widespread in the field of the so- called "social sciences" in Brazil.

Este texto teve origem em palestra subordinada ao tema "Cenário Nacional da Educação Brasileira e Pós-graduação". Retoma teses do etnólogo Andre Leroi-Gourhan, sobre origem e desenvolvimento das técnicas e dos saberes humanos, confrontando-as com momentos desse processo na educação e na pesquisa que se fez no Brasil, ao longo da história. Aponta-se, desse modo, para as dimensões reduzidas do sistema de ciência e tecnologia aqui produzido, quando confrontado com as necessidades de adaptação ao meio tecnológico mundial, ameaçando de modo permanente a própria adaptação ao meio natural. Investir em saúde, educação, ciência e técnica não é algo que possa ser visto pelo ângulo financeiro: investimentos nestes setores definem, em termos econômicos e antropológicos, a sobrevivência e a expansão bioetnológica de um povo. Sem eles, o que se faz, na verdade, é condenar o coletivo inteiro à morte lenta. Salvo, é claro, os pequenos setores que escapam do inferno, integrando-se em outros coletivos, usando privilégios e tornando-se parte de outros povos. O que podemos fazer? No plano político mais amplo, controle sobre o Executivo, por parte dos outros poderes da República. No plano das universidades, ação dos órgãos colegiados sobre a política da administração, bem como sobre as políticas de financiamento e fomento à pesquisa.This article was taken from the conference "Cenário Nacional da Educação Brasileira e Pós-graduação" (Scenery of national Brazilian education and post graduation). Based on Andre Leroi-Gourhan thesis on the development of human knowledge, studies the historical process of education and research in Brazil. The science and technology model found here is not adapted to the world technology. To invest in health, education, science and technology is not a financial matter, as investing in these sectors determines the survival and death expansion of a people and prevents the death of a collectivity. Some few ones can escape from that process, being integrated in other countries, using privileges and becoming a part of another people. What could be done? In political terms, the executive power should be submitted to other powers. In terms of universities, the internal groups should put pressure on administration and on politics for financing and sustaining research.

O texto salienta a importância da sátira lucianesca no pensamento das Luzes, em especial nos textos de Voltaire. Ao mesmo tempo, ele busca criticar a carência de humor na filosofia de nossa época, a partir de uma análise comparativa da prosa iluminista com a fala sibilina das correntes filosóficas irracionalistas, em especial as de Martin Heidegger e de seus epígonos.This paper stresses the relevance of Lucianic satire within the thought of the Enlightenment and, in particular, in Voltaire's works. At he same time, the typical lack of humour of contemporary philosophy is criticised from the standpoint of the comparative analysis of Enlightenment prose and the sibylline discourse of current irrationalist trends such as Martin Heidegger's and his followers'.

The article continues the debate on the "crisis within the crisis" that characterises Italy's economy. The authors argue that while the international and specifically the European crisis greatly contributed to the deterioration of Italy's economic prospects, the country is affected by longer term issues of its own. To analyse such problems, the article focuses on the growing inability of the Italian private sector to innovate. It does so by analysing in a comparative perspective private sector expenditure for fixed investments and for research and development. The policy conclusions are surprising in so far as a surge of investments would seriously risk to negatively contribute to Italy's current account, thus further aggravating.

Background. Angiogenesis is a complex process involved in both growth and progression of several human and animal tumours. Tryptase is a serin protease stored in mast cells granules, which plays a role in tumour angiogenesis. Mast cells (MCs) can release tryptase following c-Kit receptor (c-KitR) activation. Method. In a series of 25 gastric cancer patients with stage T3N2-3M0 (by AJCC for Gastric Cancer 7th Edition), immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods were employed to evaluate in the tumour tissue the correlation between the number of mast cells positive to tryptase (MCPT), c-KitR expressing cells (c-KitR-EC), and microvascular density (MVD). Results. Data demonstrated a positive correlation between MCPT, c-KitR-EC, and MVD to each other. In tumour tissue the mean number of MCPT was 15, the mean number of c-KitR-EC was 20, and the mean number of MVD was 20. The Pearson test correlating MCPT and MVD, c-KitR-EC and MVD was significantly (r=0.64, P=0.001; r=0.66, P=0.041, resp.). Conclusion. In this pilot study, we suggest that MCPT and c-KitR-EC play a role in gastric cancer angiogenesis, so we think that several c-KitR or tryptase inhibitors such as gabexate mesilate and nafamostat mesilate might be evaluated in clinical trials as a new antiangiogenetic approach.

O monitoramento das bocas de minas abandonadas que geram drenagem ácida é parte integrante do Programa de Recuperação Ambiental, desenvolvido pela Associação Beneficente da Indústria Carbonífera de Santa Catarina – SATC, em parceria com a CPRM – Serviço Geológico do Brasil. Até o presente momento já foram cadastradas, de forma sistemática, 809 bocas de minas abandonadas, sendo que 192 destas geram drenagem ácida. Com o objetivo de avaliar o comprometimento ambiental dos recursos hídricos, foram selecionados, 30 pontos para constituir a rede de monitoramento de bocas de minas, distribuídos, estrategicamente, ao longo da bacia carbonífera. Já foram realizadas três campanhas de monitoramento com periodicidade semestral e a interpretação dos resultados de análises demonstrou que praticamente não houve nenhuma melhoria na qualidade de água oriunda dessas bocas de minas abandonadas. Atualmente as empresas que trabalham no setor carbonífero estão realizando a recuperação ambiental de seus passivos ambientais e algumas delas estão executando estudos geológicos e hidrogeológicos detalhados em áreas de sua titularidade. A partir destes trabalhos será possível então, definirem-se quais as bocas de mina que poderão efetivamente ser tamponadas e quais deverão ter a drenagem ácida tratada.

Pela primeira vez em Santa Catarina está sendo implantado um programa de monitorização para as águas subterrâneas. A implantação deste programa na região carbonífera reveste-se da maior importância visto que, nessa área, uma significativa parte dos recursos hídricos superficiais já está impactada e não pode ser utilizada para abastecimento ou uso industrial. A monitorização das águas subterrâneas faz parte do Projeto de Recuperação Ambiental, desenvolvido pela Associação Beneficente da Indústria Carbonífera de Santa Catarina – SATC, em parceria com a CPRM – Serviço Geológico do Brasil. Atualmente já foram construídos 11 poços de monitorização, sendo que está prevista a construção de mais 29 poços até 2013 aproximadamente seis poços por ano. Neste programa serão monitorizados 3 sistemas aquíferos que são susceptíveis à contaminação da drenagem ácida oriunda das atividades de mineração de carvão. Os poços estão sendo construídos de acordo com as especificações da Norma NBR 15.495-1 e a coleta da amostras com as orientações do projeto da norma em desenvolvimento na ABNT. A rede de poços está sendo implantada com base na localização das áreas com potencial de contaminação dos sistemas aqüíferos com drenagem ácida de mina, levando-se em consideração as características geológicas e hidrogeológicas de cada local.

Un racconto di Giulio Latini e Roberto Romano.

"Habitualmente não se presta atenção ao fato de que a Primeira Parte da Ideologia Alemã ("Feuerbach") foi a última a ser redigida por Marx. O texto, tal como nos aparece hoje, encobre portanto a gênese da crítica ao Humanismo. Esta última, como este pequeno ensaio pretende indicar, só poderia brotar do contacto meticuloso com o texto do Único e sua Propriedade. Após a leitura de Stirner, Marx pôde se acreditar liberado deste último fantasma especulativo e ideológico: o Homem."

This study assessed the impact of different recumbency on sevoflurane-anaesthetised sheep. Seven female sheep were premedicated with 0.1 mg.kg-1 butorfanol and subsequently administered a combination of 3 mg.kg-1 ketamine and 0.5 mg.kg-1 midazolam. Animals were maintained on sevoflurane anaesthesia with pressure-controlled ventilation (12 cm H2O peak inspiratory pressure) and ƒ of 10 mpm. During the anaesthetic procedure, animals underwent one out of three different recumbency: dorsal, left lateral, or right lateral positions. Treatments lasted 120 min with a 48-h washout period in between the treatments. Arterial and central venous blood samples were withdrawn for blood gas and electrolytes analysis and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) CaO2, CcvO2, and CcO2 were calculated accordingly. Results showed that Qs/Qt greatly decreased from 0 to 120 min in all the groups (dorsal: 69.3% to 27.3%; left lateral: 59.1% to 25.0%; right lateral: 67.2% to 32.4%). CaO2, CcvO2 and CcO2 improved over time points, with no difference among treatments. PaO2 and PAO2 showed higher values for 60 and 120 min compared to the 0 min value in all groups, with no differences among treatments as well. PaCO2 and ETCO2 in the lateral groups were higher than those in the dorsal group at 120 min. Pressure-controlled ventilation improved gas exchanges in sheep, thereby reducing pulmonary shunt. Recumbency did not interfere with pulmonary shunt, nevertheless, special attention must be paid to lateral recumbency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]