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3. Characterising the role of the nsP3 macro domain in Chikungunya virus replication

Author

Roberts, Grace Charlotte, Harris, Mark, and Stonehouse, Nicola J.

Subjects
579.2
Abstract

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes an acute fever with debilitating joint pain. Spread by the Aedes species of mosquito, recent increases in global temperature, and mutations in the viral glycoproteins have facilitated outbreaks worldwide with huge economic burden. Despite the recent resurgence of CHIKV, there are currently no vaccines or antiviral agents available. CHIKV, an alphavirus, possesses a positive sense, single stranded RNA genome that encodes four non-structural proteins (nsPs). The CHIKV nsP3 possesses an N-terminal macro domain, a domain found in the proteins of all species, and are defined by their ability to bind ADP-ribose. It is unclear what role the nsP3 macro domain contributes to CHIKV replication. Initially, a panel of cell lines was validated in terms of their physiological relevance and ability to support the replication of the CHIKV replicon and infectious virus. The phenotypes of a panel of mutants in the ADP-ribose binding pocket of the nsP3 macro domain were assessed in the context of a sub-genomic replicon and infectious virus in a range of relevant cell lines. Comparison of this data to the known biochemical properties of the nsP3 macro domain from the literature, indicated that ADP-ribose binding was crucial to CHIKV replication. In addition, this data suggested a role for the nsP3 macro domain in antagonising cellular innate immune pathways. ADP-ribose signalling has been implicated in the activation of the NFкB pathway therefore potential for the nsP3 macro domain to interfere with this cell signalling pathway was investigated. It was demonstrated that CHIKV did not activate the pathway and that expression of nsP3 actively was inhibitory. Furthermore, macro domain mutants with reduced ADP-ribose binding were unable to inhibit the pathway. It is therefore proposed that the CHIKV nsP3 macro domain is a virulence factor, able to suppress the host NFкB pathway to facilitate viral replication.

Published
2018

8. Relationships between Dental Topography, Gross Wear, and Bang and Ramm/Liversidge and Molleson Age Estimates for a Sample of Human Premolar Teeth

Author

Roberts, Grace, Paul, Kathleen S., Hara, Anderson T., Algarni, Amnah, Ungar, Peter S., Roberts, Grace, Paul, Kathleen S., Hara, Anderson T., Algarni, Amnah, and Ungar, Peter S.

Abstract

Objectives: Molar crown wear is often used in bioarchaeological research as a proxy for age at death. However, a small number of researchers have used premolars or compared the application of different methods of relative age estimation. Material and methods: Using a sample of 197 previously extracted maxillary first premolars from US dental patients, we considered three protocols for estimating age: the Bang and Ramm/Liversidge and Molleson (BRLM) age estimate method, occlusal topographic analysis, and the Smith system of macrowear scoring. A previous study utilizing the Bang and Ramm method yielded an age estimate range of 9.4 to 10.8 years for the sample. Results: Our analyses showed no associations between occlusal topography parameters (occlusal slope, relief, or faceting) and BRLM age estimates, but some concordance was found between Smith scoring and BRLM ages estimates and between Smith scoring and occlusal topography parameters. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that relationships between gross tooth wear, tooth shape, and dental age estimates are complex, and available methods should be considered together to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how teeth change their shape with wear through-out the lifecourse., Svrha: Trošenje zubne krune kutnjaka često se koristi u bioarheološkim istraživanjima za procjenu dobi u trenutku smrti. No u nekoliko takvih analiza upotrijebljeni su pretkutnjaci ili se uspoređivala primjena različitih metoda procjene relativne dobi. Materijal i metode: Koristeći se uzorkom od 197 izvađenih prvih maksilarnih pretkutnjaka stomatoloških pacijenata iz SAD-a, u radu razmatramo tri protokola za procjenu dobi – prema Bangu i Ramm/Liversidgeu te Mollesonu (BRLM), okluzalnu topografsku analizu i Smithovu metodu za sustav bodovanja makroistrošenosti. U prethodnoj studiji koja se koristila metodom Banga i Ramma dobiven je raspon procijenjene dobi od 9,4 do 10,8 godina za uzorak. Rezultati: Naše analize nisu pokazale povezanost između parametara okluzalne topografije (okluzalni nagib, reljef ili faseta) i procjene starosti BRLM-a, i određenu podudarnost između Smithova bodovanja i procjena starosti BRLM-a te između Smithova bodovanja i parametara okluzalne topografije. Zaključak: Dobiveni rezultati sugeriraju da su odnosi između gruboga trošenja zuba, njihova oblika i procjene starosti složeni, a dostupne metode treba razmotriti zajedno kako bi se steklo sveobuhvatnije razumijevanje o tome kako zubi tijekom života trošenjem mijenjaju oblik.

Published
2023

9. Odnosi između dentalne topografije, ukupne istrošenosti cakline, Bang i Ramm/Liversidge te Mollesonov procjena starosti za uzorak ljudskih pretkutnjaka

Author

Roberts, Grace, Paul, Kathleen S., Hara, Anderson T., Algarni, Amnah, and Ungar, Peter S.

Subjects
Age Determination by Teeth, Premolar, Tooth Crown, Tooth Wear, Methods, tooth shape, Smith wear scoring, forensic approaches to dental aging, određivanje dobi pomoću zubi, pretkutnjak, kruna zuba, trošenje zuba, metode, oblik zuba, Smithovo ocjenjivanje trošenja, forenzički pristupi starenju zuba
Abstract

Objectives: Molar crown wear is often used in bioarchaeological research as a proxy for age at death. However, a small number of researchers have used premolars or compared the application of different methods of relative age estimation. Material and methods: Using a sample of 197 previously extracted maxillary first premolars from US dental patients, we considered three protocols for estimating age: the Bang and Ramm/Liversidge and Molleson (BRLM) age estimate method, occlusal topographic analysis, and the Smith system of macrowear scoring. A previous study utilizing the Bang and Ramm method yielded an age estimate range of 9.4 to 10.8 years for the sample. Results: Our analyses showed no associations between occlusal topography parameters (occlusal slope, relief, or faceting) and BRLM age estimates, but some concordance was found between Smith scoring and BRLM ages estimates and between Smith scoring and occlusal topography parameters. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that relationships between gross tooth wear, tooth shape, and dental age estimates are complex, and available methods should be considered together to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how teeth change their shape with wear through-out the lifecourse., Svrha: Trošenje zubne krune kutnjaka često se koristi u bioarheološkim istraživanjima za procjenu dobi u trenutku smrti. No u nekoliko takvih analiza upotrijebljeni su pretkutnjaci ili se uspoređivala primjena različitih metoda procjene relativne dobi. Materijal i metode: Koristeći se uzorkom od 197 izvađenih prvih maksilarnih pretkutnjaka stomatoloških pacijenata iz SAD-a, u radu razmatramo tri protokola za procjenu dobi – prema Bangu i Ramm/Liversidgeu te Mollesonu (BRLM), okluzalnu topografsku analizu i Smithovu metodu za sustav bodovanja makroistrošenosti. U prethodnoj studiji koja se koristila metodom Banga i Ramma dobiven je raspon procijenjene dobi od 9,4 do 10,8 godina za uzorak. Rezultati: Naše analize nisu pokazale povezanost između parametara okluzalne topografije (okluzalni nagib, reljef ili faseta) i procjene starosti BRLM-a, i određenu podudarnost između Smithova bodovanja i procjena starosti BRLM-a te između Smithova bodovanja i parametara okluzalne topografije. Zaključak: Dobiveni rezultati sugeriraju da su odnosi između gruboga trošenja zuba, njihova oblika i procjene starosti složeni, a dostupne metode treba razmotriti zajedno kako bi se steklo sveobuhvatnije razumijevanje o tome kako zubi tijekom života trošenjem mijenjaju oblik.

Published
2023

10. A case study from Guyana of adapting engaged research design to promote ‘fairness in knowing’

Author

Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Grand, Ann, Berardi, Andrea, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, and Roberts, Anthony

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

In this paper, we have combined ideas drawn from philosophy (epistemic injustice), critical theory (epistemicide) and practical approaches (engaged research design) with Indigenous knowledge to promote ‘fairness in knowing’ in a project called DETECT (IntegratedSpace Technology VectorControl for Enhancing community health and resilience against escalating climatic disruptions), an early warning system to support communities in identifying mosquito breeding sites using satellite, drone and ground-sensing technologies. DETECT used engaged research design to inform pre-award planning. We document how the project team, comprising Indigenous and other researchers, re-imagined the plans in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic to allow project participants to meet safely and equitably, and reflect on some of the key challenges in engaging across borders and cultures in the context of rapidly changing conditions characterised by vulnerability, risk, complexity and uncertainty.

Published
2022
Full Text
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11. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in paediatric primary airway epithelial cell cultures compared with vero-derived cell lines

Author

Bamford, Connor G.G., Broadbent, Lindsay, Aranday-Cortes, Elihu, McCabe, Mary, McKenna, James, Courtney, David G., Touzelet, Olivier, Ali, Ahlam, Roberts, Grace, Lopez Campos, Guillermo, Simpson, David, McCaughey, Conall, Fairley, Derek, Mills, Ken, and Power, Ultan F.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 can efficiently infect both children and adults, albeit with morbidity and mortality positively associated with increasing host age and presence of co-morbidities. SARS-CoV-2 continues to adapt to the human population, resulting in several variants of concern (VOC) with novel properties, such as Alpha and Delta. However, factors driving SARS-CoV-2 fitness and evolution in paediatric cohorts remain poorly explored. Here, we provide evidence that both viral and host factors co-operate to shape SARS-CoV-2 genotypic and phenotypic change in primary airway cell cultures derived from children. Through viral whole-genome sequencing, we explored changes in genetic diversity over time of two pre-VOC clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 during passage in paediatric well-differentiated primary nasal epithelial cell (WD-PNEC) cultures and in parallel, in unmodified Vero-derived cell lines. We identified a consistent, rich genetic diversity arising in vitro, variants of which could rapidly rise to near fixation within two passages. Within isolates, SARS-CoV-2 evolution was dependent on host cells, with paediatric WD-PNECs showing a reduced diversity compared to Vero (E6) cells. However, mutations were not shared between strains. Furthermore, comparison of both Vero-grown isolates on WD-PNECs disclosed marked growth attenuation mapping to the loss of the polybasic cleavage site (PBCS) in Spike, while the strain with mutations in Nsp12 (T293I), Spike (P812R) and a truncation of Orf7a remained viable in WD-PNECs. Altogether, our work demonstrates that pre-VOC SARS-CoV-2 efficiently infects paediatric respiratory epithelial cells, and its evolution is restrained compared to Vero (E6) cells, similar to the case of adult cells. We highlight the significant genetic plasticity of SARS-CoV-2 while uncovering an influential role for collaboration between viral and host cell factors in shaping viral evolution and ultimately fitness in human respiratory epithelium.

Published
2022

18. Efficacy and Safety of Danirixin (GSK1325756) Co-administered With Standard-of-Care Antiviral (Oseltamivir): A Phase 2b, Global, Randomized Study of Adults Hospitalized With Influenza

Author

Madan, Anuradha, primary, Chen, Shuguang, additional, Yates, Phillip, additional, Washburn, Michael L, additional, Roberts, Grace, additional, Peat, Andrew J, additional, Tao, Yu, additional, Parry, Michael F, additional, Barnum, Otis, additional, McClain, Micah T, additional, and Roy-Ghanta, Sumita, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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20. Students' participation in collaborative research should be recognised

Author

Borakati, Aditya, McLean, Kenneth, Drake, Thomas M., Harrison, Ewen M., Kamarajah, Sivesh K., Khatri, Chetan, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Abbas, Minaam, Abdalkoddus, Muhammad, Abdel-Fattah, Areej, Abdelgalil, Reem, Abdikadir, Haweya, Adams, Ryan, Adams, Sarah, Adelaja, Inioluwa, Adeogun, Abiola, Adjei, Helena, Adlan, Amirul, Adwan, Hussamuddin, Aeyad, Sara, Aftab, Raiyyan, Afzul, Amir, Agarwal, Vani, Aglan, Hosam, Agrawal, Medha, Agrawal, Rishi, Ahmed, Fiza, Akhtar, Sobia, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Al-Attar, Maithem, Al-Ausi, Muhammed, Al-Khyatt, Waleed, Al-Mousawi, Alia, Al-Nasser, Zainab, Alagappan, Anand, Alberts, Justin, Alfa-Wali, Maryam, Ali, Abdulmajid, Ali, Adnan, Ali, Tamara, Alkhaffaf, Bilal, Allen, Rachael, Alubaidi, Kassem, Andah, Edemanwan, Anderson, Richard, Andrew, Kirstine, Ang, Andrew, Ang, Eshen, Anyomih, Theophilus, Archer, James, Archer, Matt, Arnell, Steven, Arnold, Matthew, Arora, Esha, Ashraf, Nadeem, Ashraf, Raees, Ashwood, Jordan, Asif, Usama, Atayi, Andrew, Auckburally, Sameera, Austin, Ralph, Azam, Sultana, Yahaya, Aishah Azri, Babatunde, Fiyin, Bach, Simon, Bachar, Roudi, Badran, Abdul, Baillie, Caroline, Balai, Edward, Baldwin, Alexander, Balian, Vartan, Banfield, Danielle, Bannard-Smith, Jonathan, Barker, Connor, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Barnfield, Jane, Bartlett, David, Bartlett, Richard, Baryeh, Kwaku, Basetti, Siddharth, Bateman, Kellie, Bath, Michael, Beamish, Andrew, Beasley, William, Beecroft, Simon, Begaj, Ardit, Beghal, Gurpreet, Belchos, Jessica, Bera, Katarzyna, Bergara, Tara, Betts, Anna, Bhangu, Aneel, Bhaskaran, Gayathri, Bhatti, Amina, Bica, Mihai, Billyard, Caitlin, Birkin, Emily, Blazeby, Jane, Blege, Harry, Blencowe, Natalie, Blore, Christopher, Boddy, Alex, Boissaud-Cooke, Matthew, Bolina, Anita, Bolton, William, Bosanquet, David, Bowley, Doug, Boyce, Kathryn, Branagan, Graham, Brayley, Jessica, Brecher, Joanna, Bresges, Kristina, Briggs, Emily, Broll, Ryan, Brown, Damien, Brown, Elliot, Brown, Leo, Brown, Robin, Brown, Rory, Bruce, Connor, Bruce, Pepa, Buckle, Rory, Budd, Emily, Buka, Richard, Burke, Dermot, Burke, Joshua, Burman, Alisha, Burney, Laura, Burrows, Amy, Bux, Mohammed, Cahill, Ronan, Calabria, Clementina, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Campbell, Amy, Campbell, Bill, Cant, Matthew, Cao, Yun, Carlson, Sophie, Carr, Grace, Carr, Luke, Carr, Rebecca, Carr, Richard, Cartwright, Eleanor, Castle, Alice, Cattle, Kirsty, Cave, Daniel, Chapman, Stephen, Charalabopoulos, Alexandros, Chaudhri, Sanjay, Chaudhry, Ahmad, Chauhan, Paresh, Chauhan, Priyesh, Chebbout, Ryad, Chen, Yunzi, Chenciner, Louisa, Cheng, Jingjie, Cheng, Natalie, Chew, Lin, China, Zenab, Chitnis, Abhishek, Chitsabesan, Praminthra, Choi, Paul, Choi, Sarah, Choudhry, Mariam, Choy, Chern, Ciurleo, Claudia, Claireaux, Henry, Coe, Peter, Cole, Simon, Concannon, Katy, Cope, Edward, Corbridge, Olivia, Court, Jessica, Cox, Louise, Craig-Mcquaide, Anna, Cresswell, Ben, Crozier, Lauren, Cruickshank, Neil, Cuckow, Lucy, Cui, Helen, Cumber, Elspeth, Cumming, Sarah, Cundy, Olivia, Cunha, Melissa, Cunha, Pedro, Cunliffe, Laura, Dada, Jazleen, Daliya, Prita, Dalli, Jeffrey, Daniels, Ian, Daniels, James, Daoub, Ahmed, Dar, Sabeera, Das, Emma, Das, Kaustuv, Davies, Emily, Davies, Gareth, Davies, Kirsty, Davies, Kristen, Davies, Rachel, Dawe, Victoria, Lucas de Carvalho, Joshua, De Jong, Katie, Deasy, Katherine, Deekonda, Praveena, Deepak, Sahil, Desai, Henal, Desai, Karishma, Devlin, Ryan, Dewan, Nishat, Dhillon, Akashdeep, Dhillon, Priya, Dhir, Tanya, Di Saverio, Salomone, Diamond, Julia, Dib, Peter, Dimitriadis, Panagiotis A., Dindyal, Shiva, Doe, Matthew, Doehrty, Ciaran, Dogra, Tara, Doshi, Arpan, Downey, Alison, Doyle, Joseph, Draper, Ashleigh, Duff, Sarah, Duncumb, Joseph, Dupre, Sophie, Durno, Justine, Dzieweczynski, Michal, Eardley, Nicola, Easby, Sarah, Easdon, Sam, Ebdewi, Hamdi, Eccles, Lydon, Edwards, Jacob, Eedarapalli, Padma, Elbuzidi, Mohamed, Elder, Patrick, Elliott, Lucy, Elsaddig, Malaz, Embury-Young, Ysabelle, Emesih, Sophie, Engledow, Alec, English, William, Episkopos, Christos, Epstein, Jonathan, Esmail, Rahim, Fatayer, Taher, Favero, Nicolò, Fearnhead, Nicola, Feldman, Maxine, Fennelly, Evelyn, Fenwick, Stephen, Ferguson, Lucie, Fergusson, Stuart, Fessas, Petros, FitzGerald, Isabel, Fitzgerald, J. Edward, Fitzpatrick, Harry, Fletcher, Daniel, Forjoe, Tonia, Forte, Beniamino, Fowler, Alex, France, Benjamin, Francis, Abraham, Francis, Niroshan, Francis, Sunil, Freeman, Sam, Fretwell, Vicky, Fung, Teresa, Furness, Hugh, Gallagher, Michael, Gallagher, Stuart, Gao, Chuanyu, Garard, Lothaire, Gardner, Shona, Gaukroger, Andrew, George, Daniel, George, Simi, Ghaddar, Jamal, Ghaffar, Ali, Ghouse, Shamira, Gilbert, Amanda, Gill, Ashveen, Giovinazzo, Francesco, Girling, Carey, Giwa, Lolade, Glasbey, James, Glen, Paul, Goble, Mary, Godfrey, Jenna, Goel, Shreya, Goh, Wenn, Gohil, Kajal, Gokani, Shyam, Gold, David, Golding, David, Gonzalez-Ciscar, Andrea, Goodson, Ross, Gough, Melissa, Govil, Shubhangi, Gower, Thomas, Graham, Christopher, Gray, Sam, Green, Patrick, Greenhalgh, Samuel, Gregoriou, Kyriacos, Gribbell, Rhiannon, Gribbon, Mary Catherine, Grieco, Charlotte, Griffiths, Emma, Griffiths, Ewen, Griffiths, Nathan, Griffiths, Sara, Grossart, Cathleen, Guerero, Daniel, Guillotte, Christianne, Gupta, Rishi, Guy, Claire, Gwozdz, Adam, Haddow, James, Hafiz, Shazia, Halkias, Constantine, Hall, Elisabeth, Hamid, Hasseb, Hamilton, Emma, Harbhajan Singh, Gurvinder Singh, Hardman, John, Harries, Rhiannon, Harris, Rhydian, Harrogate, Suzanne, Harty, Megan, Harvey, Jessica, Hashemi, Rahima, Hassane, Ahmed, Hawkins, Helen, Hawthorne, Thomas, Hayes, John, Hazenberg, Phoebe, Heath, Harry, Hebbar, Madhusoodhana, Heer, R., Hegarty O'Dowd, Roisin, Henshall, David, Herrod, Philip, Hester, Elizabeth, Heywood, Emily, Heywood, Nick, Hill, Frances, Hill, James, Hill, Kirsty, Ho, May, Hollyman, Marianne, Holroyd, David, Home, Joseph, Hornby, Steve, Horne, Laura, Horseman, Charlotte, Hosamuddin, Huma, Hough, Amy, Hourston, George, Hudson-Peacock, Nathan, Hughes, Belinda, Hughes, Katie, Huppatz, Isabel, Hurst, Penelope, Hussain, Mahrukh, Hussain, Shoaib Fahad, Hussain, Syeda, Hutchings, Imogen, Ibrahim, Bilal, Imam, Lema, Ingham, Rory, Ingleton, Rose, Iqbal, Rizwan, Isherwood, Jenny, Islim, Abdurrahman, Ismail, Omar, Iyer, Shashank, Jackman, Toby, Jain, Prashant, Jamal, Nadeem, Jamal, Sabine, James, Ellen, Jayaratne, Nirmitha, Jeffreys, Nathan, Jhala, Hiral, Johnson, Courtney, Johnston, Zoe, Jones, Conor, Jones, Emma-Jane, Jones, Keaton, Jones, Victor, Joseph, Roshan, Joshi, Dilan, Joyce, Holly, Joyner, Claire, Kale, Aditya, Kanabar, Sagar, Kanapeckaite, Lina, Kankam, Hadyn, Kaptanis, Sarantos, Karam, Edward, Karponis, Dimitrios, Karunatilleke, Anne, Kasivisvanathan, Veeru, Kaur, Geeta, Kauser, Samina, Keelty, Nigel, Kelly, Denise, Kennett, Jessica, Kerr, Molly, Kerwan, Ahmed, Khajuria, Apoorva, Khalil, Mostafa, Khaliq, Mehnoor, Khan, Ayushah, Khan, Hamzah, Khan, Haroon, Khan, Maaz, Khan, Maria, Khan, Shahab, Khan, Kaywaan, Khaw, Rachel, Kheterpal, Ashni, Khonsari, Parisa, Kiandee, Miraen, Kim, Samuel, Kim, Suji, Kim, Sung-Hee, King, Harry, Kinsella, Anna, Kishore, Ajit, Klimach, Stefan, Kolias, Angelos G., Kolodziejczyk, Anna, Kong, Chia Yew, Kong, Tseun Han James, Kouli, Omar, Kukran, Sebi, Kukran, Sevi, Kumaran, Geev, Kutuzov, Vladislav, Laing, Chris, Laing, Georgina, Lal, Kulvinder, Lalor, Peter, Lambert, Joel, Lambotharan, Sai Geethan, Lancaster, Eve, Latter, Jasmine, Latter, Michelle, Lau, Kenny, Lazarou, Alexa, Leadon, Madeline, Lee, Gabriel, Lee, Jeyoung, Lee, Kathryn, Lee, Matthew, Lee, Samuel, Lee, Zong, Leung, Edward, Lewis, Thomas, Li, Hansen, Li, Mimi, Liew, Wan Jane, Liew, Yao Ren, Light, Alexander, Lilis, Lydia, Lim, Diana, Lim, Hui, Lim, Joseph, Lim, Zhi, Liu, Siyin, Lloyd, James, Logan, Andrew, Loganathan, Priya, Long, M., Longstaff, Lydia, Rojas, Luisa Lopez, Lovegrove, Richard, Lowe-Zinola, Jack, Morrell, Byron Lu, Luck, Joshua, Luhmann, Andreas, Lunawat, Surabhika, Lund, Jon, Luo, Cong, Luo, Lorna, Lyell, Iona, Lykoudis, Panagis, Macdonald, Jonathan, Mackenzie, Aliya, Magee, Conor, Mahankali-Rao, Pooja, Mahawar, Kamal, Mahfooz, Mehreen, Mahmood, Faisal, Makwana, Samir, Malik, Tom, Mallick, Sohaib, Manalayil, Jyothis, Mandishona, Tinaye, Mangam, Sudhakar, Manimaran, Maniragav, Manimaran, Natarajan, Manson, Chris, Mansoor, Sufyan, Mansour, Fatima, Marcos Rodrigo, Alejandro, Markham, Nicholas, Marks, Maria, Marriott, Paul, Marsden, Hannah, Martin, Laura, Martins, Tiago, Mason, John, Mason, Luke, Masood, Mariam, Math, Nikhil, Mathew, Ginimol, Matthews, Jacob, Mayes, Jonathan, Mc Gee, Ursula, Mcallister, Ross, Mcallister, Sandra, Mccain, Scott, Mccann, Conor, Mccann, Emmet, McCarthy, Cathal, Mccoll, Gillian, Mcconaghie, Greg, Mcdermott, Ace, McDermott, Frank, Mcdougall, Rachel, McDowell, Mark, McFarlane, Gordon, McGregor, Richard, McKechnie, Doug, McKenna, Jillian, McKinstry, Scott, Mclachlan, Georgia, Mclean, E., McLennan, Elizabeth, McNair, Angus, Mealy, Kenneth, Mecia, Lauren, Mehta, Alexander, Mellan, Aidan, Menon, Arathi, Menzies, Donald, Mesbah, Zhubene, Messenger, David, Miller, George, Mishra, Aseem, Mistry, Sona, Mohamed, Tahira, Mushaini, Nisha Mohamed, Mohan, Midhun, Mohd Azmilssss, Ameerah, Mohite, Ajay, Moorthy, Krishna, Moradzadeh, Jalal, Morgan, Richard, Morley, Gabriella, Mortimer, Alice, Mownah, Hannah, Moxey, Paul, Mudalige, Gagira, Muhammad, Umarah, Munday, Samuel, Murphy, Ben, Murphy, Ciaran, Murray, Caoimhe, Murray, Hannah, Murray, Michael, Murtaza, Mohammed Ibrar, Mushtaq, Jameel, Mustafa, Ameer, Mustafa, Shams, Myers, Laura, Myers, Sam, Naasan, Adeeb, Nadeem, Kiran, Naeem, Hanzla, Naik, Prashant, Nair, Arun, Nambiar, Keshav K., Naqi, Muhammad, Naqvi, Zehra, Neo, Yan Ning, Neophytou, Georgia Irene, Neville, Jonathan, Newman, Tom, Ng, Benjamin, Ng, Guat, Ng, Jing Qi, Ng, Vincent, Ng, Zhan Herr, Ni Bhoirne, Maire, Nicholas, James, Nicholson, Gary, Ninkovic-Hall, George, Nixon, Gemma, Norwood, Mike, Noton, Toby, Nourzaie, Romman, Novell, Richard, Nyanhongo, Donald, O'Brien, James, O'Kane, Rory, O'Neill, Stephen, O'Sullivan, Hugh, Oakley, Thomas, Ogbuokiri, Chinomso, Ogunleye, Oluwafunto, Oh, Su, Okorocha, Emezie, Olivier, James, Ologunde, Rele, Omara, Sharif, Ormrod, Alice, Osborne, Caroline, Osmanska, Joanna, Owasil, Raisah, Owczarek, Sebastian, Ozcan, Ezgi, Palaniappan, Sri, Palazzo, Francesco, Palkhi, Abbas, Pandey, Gargi, Park, James, Parker, Jennifer, Parry, Anna, Parsonage, James, Passby, Lauren, Patel, Bhavi, Patel, Bhavik, Patel, Chantal, Patel, Dinisha, Patel, Kirtan, Patel, Panna, Patel, Pratiksha, Patel, Trupesh, Pathmarajah, Mariasoosai, Patil, Amogh, Patil, Pradeep, Patrick, Yusuf, Pearce, Jessica, Pearce, Lyndsay, Peirce, Colin, Peiris, Bryony, Pendrill, Amy, Periketi, Sreelata, Perry, Michael, Petrov, George, Phillips, Charlotte, Pike, Grace, Pinho-Gomes, Ana Catarina, Polly, Parhana, Ponweera, Arachchige, Poolovadoo, Yanish, Poonawala, Raunak, Popova, Petya, Pournaras, Dimitri, Powell, Brooke, Prabakaran, Praveena, Prakash, Esha, Pratumsuwan, Tapani, Prem Kumar, Anusha, Puddy, Helen, Pullinger, Michael, Punjabi, Nikita, Putt, Oliver Charles, Qadir, Omar, Qamar, Mubasher, Quinn, Patrick, Qureshi, Arham, Rabie, Mohamed, Radford, Angus, Radhakrishnan, Anand, Radotra, Ansh, Rafiq, Nasir, Rahem, Aria, Rahman, Nahim, Rahman, Syed, Rajagopal, Ramesh, Rajan, Nick, Rajaraman, Nikitha, Rajendran, Sumetha, Ramachenderam, Liandra, Ramakrishnan, Divya, Ramjas, Denisha, Rammell, James, Rampal, Ritika, Ramsay, George, Randhawa, Ratan, Rea, Ellis, Rees, Stephanie, Rehman, Saad, Rehman, Salwah, Rehnnuma, Nabila, Rejayee, Melina, Rob, Zakaria, Roberts, Charlotte, Roberts, Grace, Roberts, Ben, Robinson, Harry, Robinson, Stephen, Rogers, Ailin, Rogers, Alex, Rook, William, Ross, Talisa, Roy, Chloe, Rushd, Azelea, Rutherford, Duncan, Saat, Michael, Sadanand, Kaushik, Sagar, Rebecca, Sagoo, Harkiran, Saha, Arin, Sahnan, Kapil, Sait, Mohammed Salik, Sait, Saif, Salekin, Damien, Salem, Mostafa, Salloum, Nadia, Sanders, Emma, Sandhu, Jasmesh, Sandhu, N., Sandison, Lorna, Sandland-Taylor, Laura, Sangal, Ron, Sanghera, Chandan, Saramunda, Josephine, Satterthwaite, Lauren, Schramm, Moritz, Scott, Rupert, Searle, Chloe, Seehra, Harkiran, Segura-Sampedro, Juan Jose, Sekhon Inderjit Singh, Harpreet Kaur, Seraj, Shaikh Sanjid, Seth, Ishani, Sethi, Rajiv, Shah, Apar, Shaid, Mario, Shaikh, Shafaque, Shamali, Awad, Sharkey, Elizabeth, Sharma, Abhi, Sharma, Neil, Sharma, Sachin, Shenoy, Aniruddh, Shergill, Maleasha, Shirazi, Shahram, Siddiqui, Imran, Sim, Raykal, Simmonds, Lucy, Simon, Andrew, Simpson, William, Singh, Bharpoor, Singh, J., Singh, Prashant, Sinha, Anant, Sinha, Sidhartha, Sinnerton, Robert, Sivakumar, Chaamanti, Skelly, Brendan, Slater, Richard, Small, Samuel, Smart, Neil, Smart, Yat Wing, Smith, Alexander, Smith, Charlotte, Smith, Jason, Smith, Rebecca, Smith, Scott, Sodde, Peter, Soh, Zhi Min, Sonsale, Aniket, Soualhi, Ahmed, Spearman, John, Spencer, Robert, Spiers, Harry, Stather, Philip, Stoddart, Michael, Storey, Bradley, Stringer, Howard, Stringfellow, Thomas, Stubbs, Ben, Sukir, Niv, Sukirthan, Nivian, Suleman, Yasir, Sureshkumar, Aparnah, Suri, Ashwin, Swartbol, Timen, Tahir, Hyder, Tan, E. Tian, Tan, Huai Ling, Tan, Laura, Tang, Alethea, Taribagil, Priyal, Tay, Yao Zong, Taylor, Beth, Taylor, Zara, Thatcher, Alexandra, Thavayogan, Rachel, Thomaa, Michael, Thomas, Daniah, Thomas, Jenny, Thomas, Paul, Pinkney, Thomas, Thompson, Chris, Ting, Mag, Toner, Ethan, Tong, Godwin, Torkington, Jared, Traish, Molly, Triniman, Miles, Trotter, John, Tsang, Kwong, Turaga, Sanchit, Turley, Hannah, Turner, James, Urbonas, Tomas, Urquhart, Alexandra, Vadgama, Nimai, Vaidya, Aashay, van Boxel, Gijs, Vara, Swati, Varcada, Massimo, Varley, Rebecca, Varma, Dee, Vella-Baldacchino, Martinique, Venturini, Sara, Verma, Naina, Verma, Saurabh, Vernet, Gabrielle, Vipond, Mark, von Roon, Alex, Wadood, Qasim, Waite, Kathryn, Walker, Lewis, Walker, Nathan, Wan, Jonathan C.M., Wang, Liyang, Wang, Xue, Ward, Alex, Ward, Thomas, Warnaar, Nienke, Warren, Lloyd, Warren, Oliver, Waters, Sam, Watson, Angus, Watson, Laura Jayne, Waugh, Dominic, Weinberg, Daniel, West, Malcolm, White, Carla, White, Tim, Whitehurst, Katharine, Whitham, Robert, Wijekoon, Tharindri, Wijeyaratne, Manuk, Wilkin, Richard, Wilkins, Alex, Williams, Adam, Williams, Gethin, Williams, Luke, Williams, Robert, Williamson, Andrew, Willson, Jacinthe, Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Holly, Wilson, James, Wilson, Lizzie, Wilson, Megan, Wilson, Michael, Wilson, Rebekah, Wilson, Tim, Woin, Evelina, Wright, Esther, Wright, Jenny, Wroe, Nicholas, Wylie, Joanne, Xu, Yiwang, Yalamarthi, Satheesh, Yan, Angela, Yang, Narisu, Yardimci, Eda, Yasin, Ibrahim, Yasin, Ismael, Yasin, Noor, Yates, Joseph, Yau, Jih Dar, Yeoh, Tricia, Yip, Joshua, Yong, Cissy, Zaver, Vasudev, Zhelezniakova, Tatiana, and Zulkifli, Adreana

Published
2017
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21. Students, Restaurants Push for More Affordable Food

Author

Roberts, Grace VainisiSara

Subjects
Students, Restaurants, Bars (Drinking establishments), News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Grace VainisiSara Roberts From the silky angel hair pasta and rich Alfredo sauce at Flavio on 31st Street to the daily brunch and historical fare at Martin's Tavern on [...]

Published
2019

23. Intravenous Zanamivir in Hospitalized Patients With Influenza

Author

Bradley, John S., primary, Blumer, Jeffrey L., additional, Romero, José R., additional, Michaels, Marian G., additional, Munoz, Flor M., additional, Kimberlin, David W., additional, Pahud, Barbara, additional, DeBiasi, Roberta L., additional, Yamamoto, Go, additional, Roberts, Grace, additional, Hossain, Mohammad, additional, Shortino, Denise, additional, Yates, Phillip J., additional, Adams, Bryan, additional, and Peppercorn, Amanda, additional

Published
2017
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26. Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Intravenous Zanamivir in Healthy Adults and Hospitalized Adult and Pediatric Subjects With Influenza.

Author

Zuo, Peiying, Collins, Jon, Okour, Malek, Barth, Aline, Shortino, Denise, Yates, Phillip, Roberts, Grace, Watson, Helen A., Peppercorn, Amanda, and Hossain, Mohammad

Subjects
INFLUENZA, ADULTS, VIRUS-induced enzymes, CELL membranes, NEURAMINIDASE, INHALERS
Abstract

Zanamivir is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase in which the inhibition of this enzyme prevents the virus from infecting other cells and specifically prevents release of the new virion from the host cell membrane. It is available as an oral powder for inhalation and intravenous formulations. The current population pharmacokinetic model based on data from eight studies of subjects treated with the intravenous formulation (125 healthy adults and 533 hospitalized adult and pediatric subjects with suspected or confirmed influenza) suggested a decreased zanamivir clearance in pediatric and renal impairment adult subjects. It also indicates that b.i.d. dosing is necessary to keep the exposure in influenza infected subjects above the 90% inhibitory concentration values of recently circulating viruses over the dosing interval. In the exposure‐response analysis (phases II and III studies), no apparent relationship was found between zanamivir exposure and clinically relevant pharmacodynamic end points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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28. Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Intravenous Zanamivir (IVZ) Treatment in Hospitalized Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Influenza: A Phase II Open-Label, Multicenter, Single- Arm Study

Author

Blumer, Jeffrey, primary, Bradley, John S., additional, Romero, Jose R., additional, Michaels, Marian, additional, Kimberlin, David W., additional, Yamamoto, Go, additional, Roberts, Grace, additional, Hossain, Mohammad, additional, Shortino, Denise, additional, Yates, Phillip, additional, Adams, Bryan, additional, and Peppercorn, Amanda, additional

Published
2016
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29. Antiviral Activity of GW678248, a Novel Benzophenone Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Author

Ferris, Robert G., primary, Hazen, Richard J., additional, Roberts, Grace B., additional, St. Clair, Marty H., additional, Chan, Joseph H., additional, Romines, Karen R., additional, Freeman, George A., additional, Tidwell, Jeffrey H., additional, Schaller, Lee T., additional, Cowan, Jill R., additional, Short, Steven A., additional, Weaver, Kurt L., additional, Selleseth, Dean W., additional, Moniri, Kelly R., additional, and Boone, Lawrence R., additional

Published
2005
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30. Design of Non-nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with Improved Drug Resistance Properties. 2.

Author

Freeman, George A., primary, Andrews, C. Webster, additional, Hopkins, Andrew L., additional, Lowell, Gina S., additional, Schaller, Lee T., additional, Cowan, Jill R., additional, Gonzales, Stephen S., additional, Koszalka, George W., additional, Hazen, Richard J., additional, Boone, Lawrence R., additional, Ferris, Rob G., additional, Creech, Katrina L., additional, Roberts, Grace B., additional, Short, Steven A., additional, Weaver, Kurt, additional, Reynolds, David J., additional, Milton, John, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, Stammers, David K., additional, and Chan, Joseph H., additional

Published
2004
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31. Novel Benzophenones as Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1

Author

Chan, Joseph H., primary, Freeman, George A., additional, Tidwell, Jeffrey H., additional, Romines, Karen R., additional, Schaller, Lee T., additional, Cowan, Jill R., additional, Gonzales, Steve S., additional, Lowell, Gina S., additional, Andrews, C. W., additional, Reynolds, David J., additional, St Clair, Marty, additional, Hazen, Richard J., additional, Ferris, Rob G., additional, Creech, Katrina L., additional, Roberts, Grace B., additional, Short, Steven A., additional, Weaver, Kurt, additional, Koszalka, George W., additional, and Boone, Lawrence R., additional

Published
2004
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32. 2-Amino-6-arylsulfonylbenzonitriles as Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1

Author

Chan, Joseph H., primary, Hong, Jean S., additional, Hunter, Robert N., additional, Orr, G. Faye, additional, Cowan, Jill R., additional, Sherman, Douglas B., additional, Sparks, Steven M., additional, Reitter, Barbara E., additional, Andrews, C. Webster, additional, Hazen, Richard J., additional, St Clair, Marty, additional, Boone, Lawrence R., additional, Ferris, Rob G., additional, Creech, Katrina L., additional, Roberts, Grace B., additional, Short, Steven A., additional, Weaver, Kurt, additional, Ott, Ronda J., additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Hopkins, Andrew, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, and Stammers, David K., additional

Published
2001
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33. Radiance in the Community: Living and Working in Wisdom.

Author

McMillen, Diane P. and Roberts, Grace

Subjects
HUMAN services, WISDOM, CONFIDENCE, WELL-being, PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience, HEALTH
Abstract

Some believe that our nation is in a "crisis" (e.g., funding, confidence, hope). However, those of us in human services remain cognizant that crisis can be synonymous with opportunity for change. This article will introduce an innovative and exciting inside-out approach to helping, known as the 3 principles. This understanding instills hope and promotes the well-being that exists in all individuals. As practitioners, we are better equipped to address the complexity of needs in our society when we are solidly grounded in our wisdom and focus on the health and resiliency of the people we serve. As our article demonstrates, and we know from the research and our experience as helping professionals, when we practice from this foundation individuals reconnect with their innate health, they regain their power, and they reignite the radiance in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

34. Varicella-Zoster virus thymidine kinase

Author

Roberts, Grace B., primary, Fyfe, James A., additional, McKee, Susan A., additional, Rahim, S.George, additional, Daluge, Susan M., additional, Almond, Merrick R., additional, Rideout, Janet L., additional, Koszalka, George W., additional, and Krenitsky, Thomas A., additional

Published
1993
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36. Evaluation of Women in the Army.

Author

ARMY ADMINISTRATION CENTER FORT BENJAMIN HARRISON IN, Roberts, Grace L, Baker, Charles, Caldwell, Doris L, Laubscher, Sonya R, Sampson, James, ARMY ADMINISTRATION CENTER FORT BENJAMIN HARRISON IN, Roberts, Grace L, Baker, Charles, Caldwell, Doris L, Laubscher, Sonya R, and Sampson, James

Abstract

The EWITA study accomplished the following objectives: (1) Analyzed all MOS (specialties for officers) excluding infantry, armor and cavalry, currently closed to women, and determined if they should be open to women. (2) Analyzed Category I units to identify those which could or should be open to women. (3) Calculated the maximum female content of each MOS. (4) Analyzed other key factors that impact on the utilization of women in the Army and formulated appropriate recommendations.

Published
1978

37. Transforming astrobiology research and innovation: embedding an ethos of engaged research

Author

Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Berardi, Andrea, Grand, Ann, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, Roberts, Anthony, Davies, Sarah-Jane, Pearson, Victoria, Cooper, Hannah, and Olsson-Francis, Karen

Abstract

UK Research has been transformed over the past 10 years due to the staged introduction of the impact agenda; initially, as a requirement of applications to public funders, and then as an element of sector-wide research audits. We will begin this presentation with a brief review to explain these changes, drawing on selected theories of epistemology, and the findings from a recent research collaboration undertaken with a UK public funder.\ud \ud In response to the scale of these changes, UK Universities have been given opportunities by public funders to review and revise their organisational structures and cultural practices to adapt to the increased requirements to engage with ‘publics’ in ways that are meaningful to them. In the second section, we will briefly review the findings and key actions from a project undertaken at the Open University, UK to respond to these changes. These are embodied in our Senate-approved concept of ‘engaged research’, encompassing the different ways that researchers meaningfully interact with stakeholders, user communities, members of the public, facilitating engagement over any or all stages of a research process, from issue formulation, the production or co-creation of new knowledge, to knowledge evaluation and dissemination.\ud \ud The UK research landscape continues to evolve. In the final section, we will discuss how we have embedded theoretical concepts and practical approaches to promote ‘fairness in knowing’ and reduce ‘epistemic injustice’ in an ongoing project. The vehicle for this discussion is astrobiology, an emerging scientific field that encompasses 1) questions of whether life can exist beyond the Earth; 2) space governance and planetary protection; 3) inclusive innovation for international development; 4) commercially-viable microbiological solutions; and 5) educational innovation in developing nations. We will conclude by arguing that engaged research can transform research and innovation, moving science communicators beyond perennial arguments about theory vs. practice.

38. Transforming astrobiology research and innovation: embedding an ethos of engaged research

Author

Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Berardi, Andrea, Grand, Ann, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, Roberts, Anthony, Davies, Sarah-Jane, Pearson, Victoria, Cooper, Hannah, Olsson-Francis, Karen, Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Berardi, Andrea, Grand, Ann, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, Roberts, Anthony, Davies, Sarah-Jane, Pearson, Victoria, Cooper, Hannah, and Olsson-Francis, Karen

Abstract

UK Research has been transformed over the past 10 years due to the staged introduction of the impact agenda; initially, as a requirement of applications to public funders, and then as an element of sector-wide research audits. We will begin this presentation with a brief review to explain these changes, drawing on selected theories of epistemology, and the findings from a recent research collaboration undertaken with a UK public funder. In response to the scale of these changes, UK Universities have been given opportunities by public funders to review and revise their organisational structures and cultural practices to adapt to the increased requirements to engage with ‘publics’ in ways that are meaningful to them. In the second section, we will briefly review the findings and key actions from a project undertaken at the Open University, UK to respond to these changes. These are embodied in our Senate-approved concept of ‘engaged research’, encompassing the different ways that researchers meaningfully interact with stakeholders, user communities, members of the public, facilitating engagement over any or all stages of a research process, from issue formulation, the production or co-creation of new knowledge, to knowledge evaluation and dissemination. The UK research landscape continues to evolve. In the final section, we will discuss how we have embedded theoretical concepts and practical approaches to promote ‘fairness in knowing’ and reduce ‘epistemic injustice’ in an ongoing project. The vehicle for this discussion is astrobiology, an emerging scientific field that encompasses 1) questions of whether life can exist beyond the Earth; 2) space governance and planetary protection; 3) inclusive innovation for international development; 4) commercially-viable microbiological solutions; and 5) educational innovation in developing nations. We will conclude by arguing that engaged research can transform research and innovation, moving science communicators beyond perenni

39. A case study from Guyana of adapting engaged research design to promote ‘fairness in knowing’

Author

Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Grand, Ann, Berardi, Andrea, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, Roberts, Anthony, Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Grand, Ann, Berardi, Andrea, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, and Roberts, Anthony

Abstract

In this paper, we have combined ideas drawn from philosophy (epistemic injustice), critical theory (epistemicide) and practical approaches (engaged research design) with Indigenous knowledge to promote ‘fairness in knowing’ in a project called DETECT (Integrated Space Technology Vector Control for Enhancing community health and resilience against escalating climatic disruptions), an early warning system to support communities in identifying mosquito breeding sites using satellite, drone and ground-sensing technologies. DETECT used engaged research design to inform pre-award planning. We document how the project team, comprising Indigenous and other researchers, re-imagined the plans in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic to allow project participants to meet safely and equitably, and reflect on some of the key challenges in engaging across borders and cultures in the context of rapidly changing conditions characterised by vulnerability, risk, complexity and uncertainty.

40. A case study from Guyana of adapting engaged research design to promote ‘fairness in knowing’

Author

Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Grand, Ann, Berardi, Andrea, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, Roberts, Anthony, Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Grand, Ann, Berardi, Andrea, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, and Roberts, Anthony

Abstract

In this paper, we have combined ideas drawn from philosophy (epistemic injustice), critical theory (epistemicide) and practical approaches (engaged research design) with Indigenous knowledge to promote ‘fairness in knowing’ in a project called DETECT (Integrated Space Technology Vector Control for Enhancing community health and resilience against escalating climatic disruptions); an early-warning system to support communities in identifying mosquito breeding sites using satellite, drone and ground sensing technologies. DETECT used engaged research design to inform pre-award planning. We document how the project team, comprising Indigenous and other researchers, re-imagined the plans in the light of the COVID pandemic to allow project participants to meet safely and equitably, and reflect on some of the key challenges in engaging across borders and cultures in the context of rapidly changing conditions characterised by vulnerability, risk, complexity and uncertainty.

41. Transforming astrobiology research and innovation: embedding an ethos of engaged research

Author

Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Berardi, Andrea, Grand, Ann, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, Roberts, Anthony, Davies, Sarah-Jane, Pearson, Victoria, Cooper, Hannah, Olsson-Francis, Karen, Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Berardi, Andrea, Grand, Ann, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, Roberts, Anthony, Davies, Sarah-Jane, Pearson, Victoria, Cooper, Hannah, and Olsson-Francis, Karen

Abstract

UK Research has been transformed over the past 10 years due to the staged introduction of the impact agenda; initially, as a requirement of applications to public funders, and then as an element of sector-wide research audits. We will begin this presentation with a brief review to explain these changes, drawing on selected theories of epistemology, and the findings from a recent research collaboration undertaken with a UK public funder. In response to the scale of these changes, UK Universities have been given opportunities by public funders to review and revise their organisational structures and cultural practices to adapt to the increased requirements to engage with ‘publics’ in ways that are meaningful to them. In the second section, we will briefly review the findings and key actions from a project undertaken at the Open University, UK to respond to these changes. These are embodied in our Senate-approved concept of ‘engaged research’, encompassing the different ways that researchers meaningfully interact with stakeholders, user communities, members of the public, facilitating engagement over any or all stages of a research process, from issue formulation, the production or co-creation of new knowledge, to knowledge evaluation and dissemination. The UK research landscape continues to evolve. In the final section, we will discuss how we have embedded theoretical concepts and practical approaches to promote ‘fairness in knowing’ and reduce ‘epistemic injustice’ in an ongoing project. The vehicle for this discussion is astrobiology, an emerging scientific field that encompasses 1) questions of whether life can exist beyond the Earth; 2) space governance and planetary protection; 3) inclusive innovation for international development; 4) commercially-viable microbiological solutions; and 5) educational innovation in developing nations. We will conclude by arguing that engaged research can transform research and innovation, moving science communicators beyond perenni

42. A case study from Guyana of adapting engaged research design to promote ‘fairness in knowing’

Author

Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Grand, Ann, Berardi, Andrea, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, Roberts, Anthony, Holliman, Richard, Marino, Alessandra, Grand, Ann, Berardi, Andrea, Mistry, Jay, Jafferally, Deirdre, Thomas, Raquel, Roberts, Grace, Marcus, Carol-Ann, Roopsind, Indranee, and Roberts, Anthony

Abstract

In this paper, we have combined ideas drawn from philosophy (epistemic injustice), critical theory (epistemicide) and practical approaches (engaged research design) with Indigenous knowledge to promote ‘fairness in knowing’ in a project called DETECT (Integrated Space Technology Vector Control for Enhancing community health and resilience against escalating climatic disruptions); an early-warning system to support communities in identifying mosquito breeding sites using satellite, drone and ground sensing technologies. DETECT used engaged research design to inform pre-award planning. We document how the project team, comprising Indigenous and other researchers, re-imagined the plans in the light of the COVID pandemic to allow project participants to meet safely and equitably, and reflect on some of the key challenges in engaging across borders and cultures in the context of rapidly changing conditions characterised by vulnerability, risk, complexity and uncertainty.

44. Development of the Oil Industry in Texas

Author

Roberts, Grace

Subjects
oil industry, Texas oil fields, petroleum, Texas oil companies, Petroleum industry and trade -- Texas -- History., Oil industry -- History.
Abstract

"The object of writing this thesis was to present a brief though fairly detailed history of the oil industry in Texas. The material and facts contained herein were gathered from various sources including books, newspapers, magazines, bulletins, radio programs, letters, and authorized conversations. The main body of this thesis is composed of seven chapters, each of which deals with a certain phase of the oil industry of its effects."--leaf iii

Published
1939

45. Relationships between Dental Topography, Gross Wear, and Bang and Ramm/Liversidge and Molleson Age Estimates for a Sample of Human Premolar Teeth.

Author

Roberts G, Paul KS, Hara AT, Algarni A, and Ungar PS

Abstract

Objectives: Molar crown wear is often used in bioarchaeological research as a proxy for age at death. However, a small number of researchers have used premolars or compared the application of different methods of relative age estimation., Material and Methods: Using a sample of 197 previously extracted maxillary first premolars from US dental patients, we considered three protocols for estimating age: the Bang and Ramm/Liversidge and Molleson (BRLM) age estimate method, occlusal topographic analysis, and the Smith system of macrowear scoring. A previous study utilizing the Bang and Ramm method yielded an age estimate range of 9.4 to 10.8 years for the sample., Results: Our analyses showed no associations between occlusal topography parameters (occlusal slope, relief, or faceting) and BRLM age estimates, but some concordance was found between Smith scoring and BRLM ages estimates and between Smith scoring and occlusal topography parameters., Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that relationships between gross tooth wear, tooth shape, and dental age estimates are complex, and available methods should be considered together to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how teeth change their shape with wear throughout the lifecourse., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None declared

Published
2023
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