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A disease causing leaf blight and vine rot was recognized on kudzu plants (Pueraria lobata) in Korea since 1991. A species of Phytophthora has been repeatedly isolated from the infected leaves. Identification in species level of the Phytophthora sp. remained unsolved. An isolate, KACC 47616 originally collected from Manchon Park in Daegu, has been kept in our laboratory. In 2013, three new isolates, KACC 47617 and KACC 47618 from Yeongyang and KACC 47619 from Gunwi in Gyeongbuk province, were collected and examined to classify up to species level by characterizing morphology, response to temperature and phylogenetic relationship. On the basis of morphological characters such as the nature of hyphal swelling, sporangia and sex organs, absence of chlamydospore production, optimum temperature for mycelial growth, and internal transcribed spacer rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequence analysis of the pathogen, the causal fungus of kudzu plant was identified as Phytophthora asiatica.

Previous overviews of plant invasion in Hungary were based on local case studies and the authors’ experience. The META survey provided an opportunity to outline a more exact picture based on the survey of the whole country. This paper summarises the basic statistics related to plant invasion: cover of invaded area estimated for the country, each geographical region and each distinguished (semi-)natural habitat category, and cover of the selected 15 alien species in each habitat category.

Cyanamide (NH2CN) has recently been proven to be a natural product, although it has been synthesized for over 100 years for agricultural and industrial purposes. The distribution of natural cyanamide appears to be limited, as indicated by our previous investigation of 101 weed species. In the present study, to investigate the distribution of natural cyanamide in Vicia species, we monitored the cyanamide contents in V. villosa subsp. varia, V. cracca, and V. amoena during their pre-flowering and flowering seasons. It was confirmed that V. cracca was superior to V. villosa subsp. varia in accumulating natural cyanamide, and that V. amoena was unable to biosynthesize this compound under laboratory condition examined. The localization of cyanamide in the leaves of V. villosa subsp. varia seedlings was also clarified. In a screening study to find cyanamide-biosynthesizing plants, only Robinia pseudo-acacia was found to contain cyanamide among 452 species of higher plants. We have investigated 553 species to date, but have so far found the ability to biosynthesize cyanamide in only three species, V. villosa subsp. varia, V. cracca and R. pseudo-acacia.

多摩川の扇状地礫床河道部における安定植生域 (樹林地に代表される安定的に存在する密生植生域) の拡大の実態を調べた. それより, 安定植生域形成が河道の複断面化過程で現れた高水敷で起こったこと, 1981～1983年にかけての洪水により礫河原上に薄く広く堆積した「表層細粒土層」が安定植生域を担う植物群落 (ハリエンジュやオギなど) の急増を可能にしたこと, 複断面化と先駆的植物による高水敷上流速の低減効果が表層細粒土層の堆積を水理的に可能にしたことを明らかにし, 安定植生域拡大の包括シナリオを得た. これを基に, 安定植生域の消長を大局的に予測するモデルを構築・検証し, 安定植生域形成を促進・阻害する諸要因の影響度を計算により調べ, 植生動態を河川管理へ反映させる考え方を提案した.

Recently riparian trees (Robinia pseudo-acacia) in the course of gravel bed-river have extremely increased and enlarged their covered-area over bars and flood plain. Such a situation brings about problems of river management for the environmental aspects as well as the safety of rivers against flood.In this paper, the fall down process and the damage conditions of the riparian trees caused by the 1999, 2001 floods were examined in the segment-1 reach of Watarase River. Especially, from the field surveies after floods, it was clear that the damage, which the floods gave to the trees, could be classified by the scale of the flood external force. Based on the field study and numerical calculation with 2D-flow model, the critical tractive force to be a key index of the scale of flood disturbance was evaluated and results showed that the fall down process of riparian trees is based on the degradation of movable river-bed

Recently riverine trees in the course of gravel bed-river have extremely increased and enlarged their covered-areaover bars and flood plain. Such a situation brings about problems of river management for the environmental aspectsas well as the safety of rivers against flood. In order to clarify such problems, we should get the knowledge abouthow the instream vegetation grows up and expands their covered zones in the gravel-bed river.In this paper, the cause of the excessive growth of Robinia pseudo-acacia was examined in the segment-1 reach ofWatarase River. Especially, from the investigation of the annual rings of tree, it was clear that some forests of Robinia pseudo-acacia in bars were formed right after the main flood. We can consider that the flood caused changeof generation of the trees and the damage which the flood gave to the trees can be classified by the scale of the floodexternal force. Based on the field study and numerical analysis with 2D- flow model, the critical tractive force to bean index of the scale of flood disturbance was evaluated and results showed that rapidly expansion by thegermination from fallen trees makes the excessive growth of riverine trees.

We quantified the cyanamide content of young leaves of nine Vicia species, Lens culinaris, and Robinia pseudo-acacia using a modified analytical procedure that made it possible to measure the cyanamide content of a single leaf. Recent molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that cyanamide is present in V. benghalensis, which is placed in a monophyletic group with cyanamide-biosynthesizing plants, V. villosa and V. cracca; this suggestion was verified.

From the bark of Robinia pseudo-acacia L., six new triterpene glycosides, Robiniosides E--J, were isolated and their structures were elucidated as abrisapogenol B 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D - glucuronopyranoside (1), abrisapogenol B 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (2), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D - glucuronopyranosyl abrisapogenol B 22-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl abrisapogenol B 22-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), 3-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuron opyranosyl abrisapogenol E 30-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D- glucuronopyranosyl abrisapogenol E 30-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), respectively.

From the bark of Robinia pseudo-acacia L., five new triterpene glycosides, robiniosides A-D (3, 5-7) and compound III (4), were isolated and their structures were elucidated as 3-O-α-L-rhammopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl 3β, 22β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid (3), 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl 3β, 22β, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid (4), whose sapogenol was unambiguously characterized and designated as oxytrogenin, 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl oxytrogenin (5), 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl oxytrogenin 22-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl oxytrogenin 22-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (7), respectively, together with two known triterpene glycosides, kaikasaponin III (1) and 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl 3β, 22β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid (2).

The aims of our work were to answer the following questions: 1. Diquat dibromide at different concentrations is a contact or systemic herbicide? 2. if translocation occurs what is the extent and direction of it. 3. by what concentration it is translocated in hydroponics. It has been stated that diquat dibromide at different dilutions (40-5%) had systemic effect in Robinia pseudo-acacia in the fields. Its translocation has been occurred apically first, and later basipetally. The extent of translocation depended on the concentration. In hydroponics diquat dibromide has crytallized on the leaf surface of Galinsoga parvif lora and all concentrations (40-0.078%) proved lethal. Recognition and application of systemic characteristics of diquat dibromide is reported here for the first time. Improvement of application method is in the focus of our future work.

The leaves of Robinia pseudo-acacia L. (Fabaceae) were evaluated as a biomonitors of heavy metal contamination in Denizli city, Turkey. Concentrations of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn and Cd were determined in washed and unwashed leaves and soils collected from a wide range of sites with different degrees of metal pollution (industry, urban roadside, suburban) and from a rural (control) site by atomic absorption spectrometry. All the elements that measured were found to be at high levels in samples collected at industrial sites, except for lead and copper which were found at high levels in samples collected from urban roadsides that associated with the road traffic. The strong correlation between the degree of contamination and concentrations in all plant leaves assessed display that the leaves of R. pseudo-acacia reflect the environmental changes accurately, and that they seem as an effective biomonitor of environmental quality in areas subjected to industrial and traffic pollutions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pamukkale Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Denizli, Turkey. Pamukkale Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Chem, Denizli, Turkey.

The leaves of Robinia pseudo-acacia L. (Fabaceae) were evaluated as a biomonitors of heavy metal contamination in Denizli city, Turkey. Concentrations of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn and Cd were determined in washed and unwashed leaves and soils collected from a wide range of sites with different degrees of metal pollution (industry, urban roadside, suburban) and from a rural (control) site by atomic absorption spectrometry. All the elements that measured were found to be at high levels in samples collected at industrial sites, except for lead and copper which were found at high levels in samples collected from urban roadsides that associated with the road traffic. The strong correlation between the degree of contamination and concentrations in all plant leaves assessed display that the leaves of R. pseudo-acacia reflect the environmental changes accurately, and that they seem as an effective biomonitor of environmental quality in areas subjected to industrial and traffic pollutions. Keywords: Robinia pseudo-acacia, Heavy metals, Biomonitor, Denizli, Turkey

From the pollen of Robinia pseudo-acacia L., bioactive substances in the rice lamina inclination test were extracted and purified by several chromatographic steps to give highly purified fractions. They were derivatized and then analyzed by GC-MS, resulting in identification of castasterone, 6-deoxocastasterone, and typhasterol.

The importance of Robinia pseudo-acacia stands as a food supply for four species of small mammals, Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758), A. flavicollis (Melchior, 1834), Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780), Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) was studied.