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12,315 results on '"Robinson, A. S."'

1. The Faustini Permanently Shadowed Region on the Moon

Author

Williams, Jean-Pierre, Mahanti, Prasun, Robinson, Mark S, Wagner, Robert V, Chertok, Marley, Schörghofer, Norbert, Mazarico, Erwan, Denevi, Brett W, Li, Shuai, and Paige, David A

Subjects
Space Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical sciences, Space sciences
Abstract

Abstract: Faustini crater (41 km diameter) hosts a large (664 km2) permanently shadowed region (PSR) with a high potential to harbor water-ice deposits. One of the 13 candidate Artemis III landing areas contains a portion of the crater rim and proximal ejecta. The ShadowCam instrument aboard the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter provides detailed images of the PSR within Faustini. We characterize the terrain and thermal environment within the Faustini PSR from ShadowCam images, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter thermal measurements and laser ranging, and thermal modeling. Our mapping revealed three distinct areas of the floor of Faustini based on elevations, slopes, and surface roughness. These units broadly correlate with temperatures; thus, they may be influenced by variations in volatile sublimation. Crater retention and topographic diffusion rates appear to be asymmetric across the floor, likely due to differences in maximum and average temperatures. Several irregular depressions and a pronounced lobate-rim crater are consistent with subsurface ice. However, differences in the thicknesses of deposited materials on the floor may also explain the asymmetry. Additionally, zones of elevated surface roughness across Faustini appear to result from overprinted crater ray segments, possibly from Tycho and Jackson craters. Mass wasting deposits and pitting on opposite sides of the crater wall may have resulted from the low-angle delivery of material ejected by the Shackleton crater impact event, suggesting that the Artemis III candidate landing region named “Faustini Rim A” will contain material from Shackleton.

Published
2024

2. Prolonged persistence of mutagenic DNA lesions in somatic cells

Author

Spencer Chapman, Michael, Mitchell, Emily, Yoshida, Kenichi, Williams, Nicholas, Fabre, Margarete A., Ranzoni, Anna Maria, Robinson, Philip S., Kregar, Lori D., Wilk, Matthias, Boettcher, Steffen, Mahbubani, Krishnaa, Saeb Parsy, Kourosh, Gowers, Kate H. C., Janes, Sam M., Ng, Stanley W. K., Hoare, Matt, Green, Anthony R., Vassiliou, George S., Cvejic, Ana, Manz, Markus G., Laurenti, Elisa, Martincorena, Iñigo, Stratton, Michael R., Nangalia, Jyoti, Coorens, Tim H. H., and Campbell, Peter J.

Published
2025
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7. Overview of the Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) Field Experiment

Author

Simpson, William R, Mao, Jingqiu, Fochesatto, Gilberto J, Law, Kathy S, DeCarlo, Peter F, Schmale, Julia, Pratt, Kerri A, Arnold, Steve R, Stutz, Jochen, Dibb, Jack E, Creamean, Jessie M, Weber, Rodney J, Williams, Brent J, Alexander, Becky, Hu, Lu, Yokelson, Robert J, Shiraiwa, Manabu, Decesari, Stefano, Anastasio, Cort, D’Anna, Barbara, Gilliam, Robert C, Nenes, Athanasios, St. Clair, Jason M, Trost, Barbara, Flynn, James H, Savarino, Joel, Conner, Laura D, Kettle, Nathan, Heeringa, Krista M, Albertin, Sarah, Baccarini, Andrea, Barret, Brice, Battaglia, Michael A, Bekki, Slimane, Brado, TJ, Brett, Natalie, Brus, David, Campbell, James R, Cesler-Maloney, Meeta, Cooperdock, Sol, de Carvalho, Karolina Cysneiros, Delbarre, Hervé, DeMott, Paul J, Dennehy, Conor JS, Dieudonné, Elsa, Dingilian, Kayane K, Donateo, Antonio, Doulgeris, Konstantinos M, Edwards, Kasey C, Fahey, Kathleen, Fang, Ting, Guo, Fangzhou, Heinlein, Laura MD, Holen, Andrew L, Huff, Deanna, Ijaz, Amna, Johnson, Sarah, Kapur, Sukriti, Ketcherside, Damien T, Levin, Ezra, Lill, Emily, Moon, Allison R, Onishi, Tatsuo, Pappaccogli, Gianluca, Perkins, Russell, Pohorsky, Roman, Raut, Jean-Christophe, Ravetta, Francois, Roberts, Tjarda, Robinson, Ellis S, Scoto, Federico, Selimovic, Vanessa, Sunday, Michael O, Temime-Roussel, Brice, Tian, Xinxiu, Wu, Judy, and Yang, Yuhan

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Health Effects of Household Energy Combustion, Social Determinants of Health, Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment
Abstract

The Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) field experiment was a collaborative study designed to improve understanding of pollution sources and chemical processes during winter (cold climate and low-photochemical activity), to investigate indoor pollution, and to study dispersion of pollution as affected by frequent temperature inversions. A number of the research goals were motivated by questions raised by residents of Fairbanks, Alaska, where the study was held. This paper describes the measurement strategies and the conditions encountered during the January and February 2022 field experiment, and reports early examples of how the measurements addressed research goals, particularly those of interest to the residents. Outdoor air measurements showed high concentrations of particulate matter and pollutant gases including volatile organic carbon species. During pollution events, low winds and extremely stable atmospheric conditions trapped pollution below 73 m, an extremely shallow vertical scale. Tethered-balloon-based measurements intercepted plumes aloft, which were associated with power plant point sources through transport modeling. Because cold climate residents spend much of their time indoors, the study included an indoor air quality component, where measurements were made inside and outside a house to study infiltration and indoor sources. In the absence of indoor activities such as cooking and/or heating with a pellet stove, indoor particulate matter concentrations were lower than outdoors; however, cooking and pellet stove burns often caused higher indoor particulate matter concentrations than outdoors. The mass-normalized particulate matter oxidative potential, a health-relevant property measured here by the reactivity with dithiothreiol, of indoor particles varied by source, with cooking particles having less oxidative potential per mass than pellet stove particles.

Published
2024

10. Unraveling the ultrafast dynamics of thermal-energy chemical reactions

Author

Robinson, Matthew S. and Küpper, Jochen

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

In this perspective, we discuss how one can initiate, image, and disentangle the ultrafast elementary steps of thermal-energy chemical dynamics, building upon advances in technology and scientific insight. We propose that combinations of ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses, controlled molecular species in the gas phase, and forefront imaging techniques allow to unravel the elementary steps of general-chemistry reaction processes in real time. We detail, for prototypical first reaction systems, experimental methods enabling these investigations, how to sufficiently prepare and promote gas-phase samples to thermal-energy reactive states with contemporary ultrashort mid-infrared laser systems, and how to image the initiated ultrafast chemical dynamics. The results of such experiments will clearly further our understanding of general-chemistry reaction dynamics., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures

Published
2023

11. Resident microbes shape the vaginal epithelial glycan landscape

Author

Agarwal, Kavita, Choudhury, Biswa, Robinson, Lloyd S, Morrill, Sydney R, Bouchibiti, Yasmine, Chilin-Fuentes, Daisy, Rosenthal, Sara B, Fisch, Kathleen M, Peipert, Jeffrey F, Lebrilla, Carlito B, Allsworth, Jenifer E, Lewis, Amanda L, and Lewis, Warren G

Subjects
Medical Biotechnology, Engineering, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Infectious Diseases, Microbiome, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Female, Humans, Gardnerella vaginalis, Vagina, Vaginosis, Bacterial, Bacteria, Polysaccharides, Neuraminidase, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Medical biotechnology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Epithelial cells are covered in carbohydrates (glycans). This glycan coat or "glycocalyx" interfaces directly with microbes, providing a protective barrier against potential pathogens. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition associated with adverse health outcomes in which bacteria reside in direct proximity to the vaginal epithelium. Some of these bacteria, including Gardnerella, produce glycosyl hydrolase enzymes. However, glycans of the human vaginal epithelial surface have not been studied in detail. Here, we elucidate key characteristics of the "normal" vaginal epithelial glycan landscape and analyze the impact of resident microbes on the surface glycocalyx. In human BV, glycocalyx staining was visibly diminished in electron micrographs compared to controls. Biochemical and mass spectrometric analysis showed that, compared to normal vaginal epithelial cells, BV cells were depleted of sialylated N- and O-glycans, with underlying galactose residues exposed on the surface. Treatment of primary epithelial cells from BV-negative women with recombinant Gardnerella sialidases generated BV-like glycan phenotypes. Exposure of cultured VK2 vaginal epithelial cells to recombinant Gardnerella sialidase led to desialylation of glycans and induction of pathways regulating cell death, differentiation, and inflammatory responses. These data provide evidence that vaginal epithelial cells exhibit an altered glycan landscape in BV and suggest that BV-associated glycosidic enzymes may lead to changes in epithelial gene transcription that promote cell turnover and regulate responses toward the resident microbiome.

Published
2023

12. Exploiting Large Neuroimaging Datasets to Create Connectome-Constrained Approaches for more Robust, Efficient, and Adaptable Artificial Intelligence

Author

Johnson, Erik C., Robinson, Brian S., Vallabha, Gautam K., Joyce, Justin, Matelsky, Jordan K., Norman-Tenazas, Raphael, Western, Isaac, Villafañe-Delgado, Marisel, Cervantes, Martha, Robinette, Michael S., Reddy, Arun V., Kitchell, Lindsey, Rivlin, Patricia K., Reilly, Elizabeth P., Drenkow, Nathan, Roos, Matthew J., Wang, I-Jeng, Wester, Brock A., Gray-Roncal, William R., and Hoffmann, Joan A.

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Despite the progress in deep learning networks, efficient learning at the edge (enabling adaptable, low-complexity machine learning solutions) remains a critical need for defense and commercial applications. We envision a pipeline to utilize large neuroimaging datasets, including maps of the brain which capture neuron and synapse connectivity, to improve machine learning approaches. We have pursued different approaches within this pipeline structure. First, as a demonstration of data-driven discovery, the team has developed a technique for discovery of repeated subcircuits, or motifs. These were incorporated into a neural architecture search approach to evolve network architectures. Second, we have conducted analysis of the heading direction circuit in the fruit fly, which performs fusion of visual and angular velocity features, to explore augmenting existing computational models with new insight. Our team discovered a novel pattern of connectivity, implemented a new model, and demonstrated sensor fusion on a robotic platform. Third, the team analyzed circuitry for memory formation in the fruit fly connectome, enabling the design of a novel generative replay approach. Finally, the team has begun analysis of connectivity in mammalian cortex to explore potential improvements to transformer networks. These constraints increased network robustness on the most challenging examples in the CIFAR-10-C computer vision robustness benchmark task, while reducing learnable attention parameters by over an order of magnitude. Taken together, these results demonstrate multiple potential approaches to utilize insight from neural systems for developing robust and efficient machine learning techniques., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

13. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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17. Continual learning benefits from multiple sleep mechanisms: NREM, REM, and Synaptic Downscaling

Author

Robinson, Brian S., Lau, Clare W., New, Alexander, Nichols, Shane M., Johnson, Erik C., Wolmetz, Michael, and Coon, William G.

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Learning new tasks and skills in succession without losing prior learning (i.e., catastrophic forgetting) is a computational challenge for both artificial and biological neural networks, yet artificial systems struggle to achieve parity with their biological analogues. Mammalian brains employ numerous neural operations in support of continual learning during sleep. These are ripe for artificial adaptation. Here, we investigate how modeling three distinct components of mammalian sleep together affects continual learning in artificial neural networks: (1) a veridical memory replay process observed during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep; (2) a generative memory replay process linked to REM sleep; and (3) a synaptic downscaling process which has been proposed to tune signal-to-noise ratios and support neural upkeep. We find benefits from the inclusion of all three sleep components when evaluating performance on a continual learning CIFAR-100 image classification benchmark. Maximum accuracy improved during training and catastrophic forgetting was reduced during later tasks. While some catastrophic forgetting persisted over the course of network training, higher levels of synaptic downscaling lead to better retention of early tasks and further facilitated the recovery of early task accuracy during subsequent training. One key takeaway is that there is a trade-off at hand when considering the level of synaptic downscaling to use - more aggressive downscaling better protects early tasks, but less downscaling enhances the ability to learn new tasks. Intermediate levels can strike a balance with the highest overall accuracies during training. Overall, our results both provide insight into how to adapt sleep components to enhance artificial continual learning systems and highlight areas for future neuroscientific sleep research to further such systems., Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, code available upon reasonable request. Corresponding author: William G. Coon (will.coon@jhuapl.edu)

Published
2022

18. Improving the Accuracy of Text-to-SQL Tools Based on Large Language Models for Real-World Relational Databases

Author

Coelho, Gustavo M. C., Nascimento, Eduardo R. S., Izquierdo, Yenier T., García, Grettel M., Feijó, Lucas, Lemos, Melissa, Garcia, Robinson L. S., de Oliveira, Aiko R., Pinheiro, João P., Casanova, Marco A., Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Strauss, Christine, editor, Amagasa, Toshiyuki, editor, Manco, Giuseppe, editor, Kotsis, Gabriele, editor, Tjoa, A Min, editor, and Khalil, Ismail, editor

Published
2024
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21. 15 Lunar Surface Processes

Author

Plescia, J. B., primary, Cahill, J., additional, Greenhagen, B., additional, Hayne, P., additional, Mahanti, P., additional, Robinson, M. S., additional, Spudis, P. D., additional, Siegler, M., additional, Stickle, A., additional, Williams, J. P., additional, Zanetti, M., additional, and Zellner, N., additional

Published
2024
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22. Belonging as a Gateway for Learning: First-Year Engineering Students' Characterizations of Factors That Promote and Detract from Sense of Belonging in a Pandemic

Author

Buckley, J. B., Robinson, B. S., Tretter, T. R., Biesecker, C., Hammond, A. N., and Thompson, A. K.

Abstract

Background: A predictor of student success, sense of belonging (SB) is often inhibited for minoritized students in engineering environments and difficult to foster in online courses. A shift to remote learning formats necessitated by COVID-19, therefore, posed an additive threat to SB for engineering first-year students, especially those with minoritized identities. Research is needed to understand impacts of online learning to SB for engineering students. Purpose Hypothesis(es): The study examined factors that promoted or detracted from SB in engineering in remote courses and ways in which identity related to SB. Design Method: Part of a larger mixed-methods study, this article examines focus group data from 31 first-year engineering students in 2020 to characterize student experiences in engineering courses moved online during COVID-19. Results: In addition to the mutually reinforcing nature of SB and learning, findings reveal that the major factors of (a) peer interactions, (b) instructor behavior and course design, (c) environmental identity cues, and (d) personal and psychological factors influenced SB. Examples of factors that positively contributed to SB in remote-delivery courses included platforms for open communication with peers, "live" ability to ask complex questions, and a critical mass of peers of similar identity; example factors hindering SB included limited use of cameras in synchronous classes, elitist peer interactions, instructor focus on academic performance (vs. growth), and feelings of self-doubt. Conclusions: Both identity and COVID-19 impacted SB for students, with results showing four pathways to support SB and learning for diverse students in engineering across course formats.

Published
2023
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23. Ultrafast photo-ion probing of the relaxation dynamics in 2-thiouracil

Author

Robinson, Matthew S., Niebuhr, Mario, and Gühr, Markus

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

In this work we investigate the relaxation processes of 2-thiouracil after UV photoexcitation to the S2 state through the use of ultrafast, single-color, pump-probe UV/UV spectroscopy. We place focus on investigating the appearance and subsequent decay signals of ionized fragments. We complement this with VUV-induced disso-ciative photoionization studies collected at a synchrotron, allowing us to better understand and assign the ion-isation channels involved in the appearance of the fragments. We find that all fragments appear when single photons with energy > 11 eV are used in the VUV experiments and hence appear through 3+ photon-order processes when 266 nm light is used the UV/UV experiment. We also observe three major decays for the frag-ment ions: a sub-autocorrelation decay (i.e. sub-370 fs), a secondary ultrafast decay on the order of 300-450 fs, and a long decay on the order of 220 to 400 ps (all fragment dependent). These decays agree well with the previously established S2 -> S1 -> Triplet -> Ground decay process. Results from the VUV study also suggest that some of the fragments may be created by dynamics occurring on the excited cationic state. Keywords: thiouracil; uracil; pump-probe spectroscopy; ultrafast

Published
2022

26. Transverse Oscillating Bubble Enhanced Laser-driven Betatron X-ray Radiation Generation

Author

Rakowski, Rafal, Zhang, Ping, Jensen, Kyle, Kettle, Brendan, Kawamoto, Tim, Banerjee, Sudeep, Fruhling, Colton, Golovin, Grigory, Haden, Daniel, Robinson, Matthew S., Umstadter, Donald, Shadwick, B. A., and Fuchs, Matthias

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Ultrafast high-brightness X-ray pulses have proven invaluable for a broad range of research. Such pulses are typically generated via synchrotron emission from relativistic electron bunches using large-scale facilities. Recently, significantly more compact X-ray sources based on laser-wakefield accelerated (LWFA) electron beams have been demonstrated. In particular, laser-driven sources, where the radiation is generated by transverse oscillations of electrons within the plasma accelerator structure (so-called betatron oscillations) can generate highly-brilliant ultrashort X-ray pulses using a comparably simple setup. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a method to markedly enhance and control the parameters of LWFA-driven betatron X-ray emission. With our novel Transverse Oscillating Bubble Enhanced Betatron Radiation (TOBER) scheme, we show a significant increase in the number of generated photons by specifically manipulating the amplitude of the betatron oscillations. We realize this through an orchestrated evolution of the temporal laser pulse shape and the accelerating plasma structure. This leads to controlled off-axis injection of electrons that perform large-amplitude collective transverse betatron oscillations, resulting in increased radiation emission. Our concept holds the promise for a method to optimize the X-ray parameters for specific applications, such as time-resolved investigations with spatial and temporal atomic resolution or advanced high-resolution imaging modalities, and the generation of X-ray beams with even higher peak and average brightness.

Published
2022

30. Universal Design for Learning in a Music Camp: Perspectives and Musical Self-Efficacy of Children with Disabilities

Author

Yinger, Olivia Swedberg, Vasil, Martina, Robinson, Austin S., Jaspersen, Megan, Eisenbaum, Elaine, and Mullis, Lindsey C.

Abstract

The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate a summer music camp, designed using principles of Universal Design for Learning, for children with disabilities. Data included one parent-child group interview, a children's musical self-efficacy rating scale, children's drawings, and children's explanations of their drawings. Participants were elementary school children with disabilities (n = 4) and their mothers (n = 4). The children were all male, aged 5 to 8 years. Three children had Autism Spectrum Disorder; one had a diagnosis not specified by his mother. Three themes for children's perceptions of the camp (social interaction/play, enjoyment of making music, and positive representation) and three themes for parents' perceptions (camp structure, camp teachers, and benefits for the children) emerged. Musical self-efficacy ratings did not change, but the children's explanations of the sources of musical self-efficacy indicated that two children may have experienced positive changes in musical self-efficacy.

Published
2023
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34. Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Author

Mayer, Dennis, Lever, Fabiano, Picconi, David, Metje, Jan, Alisauskas, Skirmantas, Calegari, Francesca, Düsterer, Stefan, Ehlert, Christopher, Feifel, Raimund, Niebuhr, Mario, Manschwetus, Bastian, Kuhlmann, Marion, Mazza, Tommaso, Robinson, Matthew S., Squibb, Richard J., Trabattoni, Andrea, Wallner, Mans, Saalfrank, Peter, Wolf, Thomas J. A., and Gühr, Markus

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The new method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220-250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states.

Published
2021
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38. Clocking Auger Electrons

Author

Haynes, D. C., Wurzer, M., Schletter, A., Al-Haddad, A., Blaga, C., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., Bucher, M., Camper, A., Carron, S., Coffee, R., Costello, J. T., DiMauro, L. F., Ding, Y., Ferguson, K., Grguraš, I., Helml, W., Hoffmann, M. C., Ilchen, M., Jalas, S., Kabachnik, N. M., Kazansky, A. K., Kienberger, R., Maier, A. R., Maxwell, T., Mazza, T., Meyer, M., Park, H., Robinson, J. S., Roedig, C., Schlarb, H., Singla, R., Tellkamp, F., Zhang, K., Doumy, G., Behrens, C., and Cavalieri, A. L.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Intense X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) can rapidly excite matter, leaving it in inherently unstable states that decay on femtosecond timescales. As the relaxation occurs primarily via Auger emission, excited state observations are constrained by Auger decay. In situ measurement of this process is therefore crucial, yet it has thus far remained elusive at XFELs due to inherent timing and phase jitter, which can be orders of magnitude larger than the timescale of Auger decay. Here, we develop a new approach termed self-referenced attosecond streaking, based upon simultaneous measurements of streaked photo- and Auger electrons. Our technique enables sub-femtosecond resolution in spite of jitter. We exploit this method to make the first XFEL time-domain measurement of the Auger decay lifetime in atomic neon, and, by using a fully quantum-mechanical description, retrieve a lifetime of $2.2^{ + 0.2}_{ - 0.3}$ fs for the KLL decay channel. Importantly, our technique can be generalised to permit the extension of attosecond time-resolved experiments to all current and future FEL facilities., Comment: Main text: 20 pages, 3 figures. Supplementary information: 17 pages, 6 figures

Published
2020
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41. Figures and Tables

Author

Robinson, Marin S., primary, Stoller, Fredricka L, additional, and Costanza-Robinson, Molly S., additional

Published
2023
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46. Language Tips

Author

Robinson, Marin S., primary, Stoller, Fredricka L, additional, and Costanza-Robinson, Molly S., additional

Published
2023
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47. Preparing a Poster

Author

Robinson, Marin S., primary, Stoller, Fredricka L, additional, and Costanza-Robinson, Molly S., additional

Published
2023
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