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Models of long-term product innovation depict the trajectory of products through an evolutionary selection metaphor in which product designs converge toward a dominant design. The product innovation literature favors trajectory descriptions based on the physical architecture of products while neglecting to account for the functional architecture. This paper offers a new way to explain the life cycle of product innovation by identifying motifs that describe a product's functions. Functional motifs are recurrent function blocks across multiple generations of designs for a product. A collection of functional motifs defines the functional architecture of the product. Using some key examples from innovations in sewing machines, the paper illustrates the occurrence of motifs as the basis for detecting the emergence of a dominant design. Patents related to the sewing machine over 177 years are analyzed to identify functional motifs characterizing the evolution and convergence toward a dominant design. Results show that motifs do not change over long periods once a dominant design emerges, even though components continue to change. This observation confirms a view of dominant designs as a technological frame but refutes the notion that design no longer matters in the era of incremental change. These motifs refine our understanding of how designs evolve along a particular path over the course of product innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student peer educators have been used by higher education intuitions to influence the education and retention of college students for many years, and most institutions have some type of peer educator program. Newton and Ender (2010) broadly define the role of peer educators as "students who have been selected, trained, and designated by a campus authority to offer educational services to their peers. These services are intentionally designed to assist peers towards attainment of educational goals." Any peer educator program must include purposeful training, as well as clearly defined outcomes and procedures for peer educators. This is especially true for suicide prevention peer educators, as the topic is sensitive and involves the safety of student lives. In this chapter, the history and theories of peer education and the development and implementation of a peer education mental health and suicide prevention program at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) are discussed.

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification among numerous post‐transcriptional modifications identified in eukaryotic mRNA. m6A modification of RNA is catalyzed by the "writer" m6A methyltransferase enzyme complex, consisting of METTL3, METTL14, WTAP and KIAA1429. The m6A modification is reversible and can be removed by "eraser" m6A demethylase enzymes, namely, FTO and ALKBH5. The biological function of m6A modification on RNA is carried out by RNA‐binding effector proteins called "readers." Varied functions of the reader proteins regulate mRNA metabolism by affecting stability, translation, splicing or nuclear export. The epitranscriptomic gene regulation by m6A RNA methylation regulates various pathways, which contribute to basic cellular processes essential for cell maintenance, development and cell fate, and affect response to external stimuli and stressors. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation and function of m6A RNA methylation, with a focus on UV‐induced DNA damage response and the circadian clock machinery. Insights into the mechanisms of m6A RNA regulation and post‐transcriptional regulatory function in these biological processes may facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for various diseases related to dysregulation of UV damage response and circadian rhythm. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification among numerous post‐transcriptional modifications identified in eukaryotic mRNA. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation and function of m6A RNA methylation, with a focus on UV‐induced DNA damage response and the circadian clock machinery. Insights into the mechanisms of m6A RNA regulation and post‐transcriptional regulatory function in these biological processes may facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for various diseases related to dysregulation of UV damage response and circadian rhythm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most abundant internal RNA modification among numerous post-transcriptional modifications identified in eukaryotic mRNA. m 6 A modification of RNA is catalyzed by the "writer" m 6 A methyltransferase enzyme complex, consisting of METTL3, METTL14, WTAP and KIAA1429. The m 6 A modification is reversible and can be removed by "eraser" m 6 A demethylase enzymes, namely, FTO and ALKBH5. The biological function of m 6 A modification on RNA is carried out by RNA-binding effector proteins called "readers." Varied functions of the reader proteins regulate mRNA metabolism by affecting stability, translation, splicing or nuclear export. The epitranscriptomic gene regulation by m 6 A RNA methylation regulates various pathways, which contribute to basic cellular processes essential for cell maintenance, development and cell fate, and affect response to external stimuli and stressors. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the regulation and function of m 6 A RNA methylation, with a focus on UV-induced DNA damage response and the circadian clock machinery. Insights into the mechanisms of m 6 A RNA regulation and post-transcriptional regulatory function in these biological processes may facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for various diseases related to dysregulation of UV damage response and circadian rhythm., (© 2018 The American Society of Photobiology.)