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Jaime Robledo,1– 4 Natalia Maldonado,4,5 Carlos Robledo,1,4 Laura Ceballos Naranjo,2 Valentín Hernández Galeano,2 Juan Jose Pino2 On behalf of Germen Antimicrobial Surveillance network1Laboratorio Médico de Referencia, Medellín, Colombia; 2Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia; 3Unidad de Bacteriología y Micobacterias, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia; 4Grupo GERMEN, Medellín, Colombia; 5UGC Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainCorrespondence: Jaime Robledo, Unidad de Bacteriología y Micobacterias, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Carrera 72A No. 78B-141, Medellín, Colombia, Tel +57-4-6051808, Email jrobledo@cib.org.coBackground: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antimicrobial surveillance is essential for identifying emerging resistance and generating empirical treatment guides, the purpose of this study is to analyze trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of BSI from 2010 to 2019 in healthcare institutions from Medellin and nearby towns in Colombia.Methods: A Whonet database was analyzed from the GERMEN antimicrobial surveillance network; frequency and antibiotic susceptibility trends were calculated on more frequent microorganisms using Mann Kendall and Sen’s Slope Estimator Test.Results: 61,299 isolates were included; the three microorganisms more frequent showed a significant increasing trend through time E. coli (Sen’s Slope estimator = 0.7 p = < 0.01) S. aureus (Sen’s Slope estimator = 0.60 p = < 0.01) and K. pneumonia (Sen’s Slope estimator = 0.30 p = < 0.01). E. coli showed a significant increase trend in cefepime and ceftazidime resistance, while K. pneumoniae showed a significant increase in resistance to cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. P. aeruginosa increases its susceptibility to all analyzed antibiotics and S. aureus to oxacillin. No increasing trend was observed for carbapenem resistance.Conclusion: An upward trends was observed in more frequent microorganisms and resistance to third and fourth-generation cephalosporins for E. coli and K pneumoniae; in contrast, not increasing trends in antibiotic resistance was observed for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The essential role of AMR-surveillance programs is to point out and identify these trends, which should improve antibiotic resistance control.Keywords: bacteremia, drug resistance bacterial, antibacterial agents, antimicrobial surveillance

Energy‐dispersive inelastic X‐ray scattering (EDIXS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to study hard dental tissues like dentine, enamel, and cementum in several human dental pieces of adult individuals. Analysis of linear paths crossing different interfaces were carried out. These different techniques provide specific information that allows a combined interpretation of the results as well as a comparison of performances of both methodologies. The EDIXS analysis was focused on the calcium absorption edge because this major element has a fundamental role in the formation of the calcium phosphate structure. Regarding FTIR, the investigation focused on the study of ν1, ν3, and ν4 vibrational modes of hydroxyapatite. The ν1, ν3, and ν4 vibrational modes of hydroxyapatite are related to the vibrations of the phosphate (PO43‐) ion. Specifically, ν1 corresponds to the symmetric stretching vibration, ν3 is the asymmetric stretching vibration, and ν4 is the bending vibration of the phosphate ion. The results allowed us to infer a correlation between the variations observed in EDIXS and the ν3 vibrational mode measured with FTIR. This correlation between inelastic X‐ray scattering and FTIR spectroscopy offers a more comprehensive characterization of hydroxyapatite parameters. Furthermore, it establishes a complementary technique for the structural characterization of dental tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental techniques involving epithermal neutrons can be used to study the kinetic energies of the atoms that make up the sample material. From the point of view of Nuclear Engineering, this is the range of energies that is necessarily traversed in the moderation process. From the point of view of applied physics, it is an essential range for the design of neutron sources associated with compact accelerators. It is also worth mentioning that experimental access to this energy range is a distinctive feature of accelerator-based sources as opposed to reactor-based sources. The atoms that compose the matter perform motions characterised by a kinetic energy, determined not only by the temperature of the medium, but also by interactions resulting in vibrational modes. We can thus define a parameter that we call effective temperature, linked to this effect. The knowledge of the densities of the vibrational states allows its evaluation, so that spectroscopic techniques aimed at its measurement allow an indirect assessment of it. Yet, there are techniques that allow direct experimental access to these quantities which are Deep Inelastic Neutron Scattering (DINS) and Neutron Transmission (NT). The VESUVIO spectrometer (ISIS, UK) allows both techniques to be performed simultaneously in the same experiment. Although ISIS is a large neutron source, such experiments were previously carried out at the defunct LINAC in Bariloche (Argentina), making these techniques affordable for small sources. In this work we show this capability through combined DINS and transmission experiments in a molecular liquid. We also discuss different prospects for future use, extending the possibilities to other techniques.