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9. Sophorolipids as Antibacterial Agents

Author

Sleiman, Joseph N., Kohlhoff, Stephan A., Roblin, Patricia M., Wallner, Sabine, Gross, Richard, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Zenilman, Michael E., and Bluth, Martin H.

Published
2009

17. The association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and reactive airway disease in children

Author

Emre, Umit, Roblin, Patricia M., Gelling, Maureen, Dumornay, Wilson, Rao, Madu, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., and Schachter, Julius

Subjects
Chlamydia infections -- Complications, Wheeze -- Risk factors, Respiratory tract diseases -- Complications, Asthma in children -- Complications, Health
Abstract

Objective: To determine the possible association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and reactive airway disease in children. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Pediatric emergency department in Children's Medical Center of Brooklyn (NY), Kings County Hospital Center. Participants: One hundred eighteen children with acute episodes of wheezing and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, aged 5 to 16 years. Interventions: Children with cultures positive for C pneumoniae were treated with antibiotics. Measurements/Main Results: Cultures for C pneumoniae and serum samples for antibody testing were obtained from subjects and healthy controls. We isolated C pneumoniae from 13 (11%) children with wheezing and from two (4.9%) controls. Seven (58.3%) of 12 children with positive cultures had no detectable antibody to C pneumoniae and only three (25%) children had serologic evidence of acute infection. Six children had positive cultures on multiple occasions, ranging from 1 to 5 months. The children with wheezing-were treated with erythromycin or clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic approved for use in adults; all eventually had a negative culture. Nine (75%) of these children demonstrated clinical and laboratory improvement of the reactive airway disease after the eradication of chlamydial infection. Conclusions: Infection with C pneumoniae can trigger acute episodes of wheezing in children with asthma. Treatment of C pneumoniae infection may improve the course of reactive airway disease in these patients. (Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:727-732), Infection with the third type of the Chlamydia bacteria, Chlamydia (C.) pneumoniae, can aggravate wheezing and other symptoms of chronic respiratory tract illnesses including asthma. Curing silent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in asthmatic children made substantial improvements in both laboratory and clinical symptoms of asthma. At Kings County Hospital in Brooklyn, 118 children ages 5 to 16 with acute episodes of wheezing were matched by age and sex to healthy controls who were having physicals before going to camp. Eleven percent of the wheezing children compared to 5% of controls were infected with C. pneumoniae. Infected asthmatic children were treated with antibiotics, and all eventually produced negative cultures. Of them, 75% also showed improved condition of their asthma. Children with mild to moderate asthma responded more favorably than children with severe asthma.

Published
1994

24. Efficacy of neonatal ocular prophylaxis for the prevention of chlamydial and gonococcal conjunctivitis

Author

Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Cummings, Cynthia, Roblin, Patricia M., Williams, Theresa H., and Delke, Isaac

Subjects
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Silver nitrate -- Health aspects, Chlamydia infections, Tetracycline -- Evaluation, Conjunctivitis, Infantile -- Prevention, Erythromycin -- Evaluation
Abstract

Gonorrhea and chlamydia are both sexually transmitted diseases which, when left untreated, can be passed to infants during delivery. The eye disease conjunctivitis that results from infant exposure to gonorrhea can cause blindness, but this is prevented by routine prophylactic administration of silver nitrate eye drops at the time of delivery. The increase of maternal chlamydial bacterial infections in recent years is causing some concern. Chlamydia infection is now the more commonly found cause of infant eye infection. The antibiotic drugs currently used to prevent gonococcal eye infections have not been shown to prevent chlamydial infections. Erythromycin and tetracycline eye ointments were evaluated for effectiveness in the treatment of both chlamydial and gonococcal eye infections. Of the 12,431 infants tested, gonococcal infections were present in 8 infants. Of those, one was treated with silver nitrate, four received erythromycin, and three were given tetracycline. Chlamydial infections involved 230 infants; 20 percent were treated with silver nitrate, 14 percent with erythromycin, and 11 percent with tetracycline. Chlamydial eye infections were not effectively reduced by treatment with erythromycin or tetracycline. Better screening and treatment for chlamydia in the mother is suggested; additionally, better screening and treatment of maternal gonococcal infection could help reduce the incidence of neonatal gonococcal ophthalmia.

Published
1989

29. Reply to Don et al

Author

Kumar, Swati, primary, Kumar, Swati, additional, Kohlhoff, Stephan A., additional, Gelling, Maureen, additional, Roblin, Patricia M., additional, Kutlin, Andrei, additional, Kahane, Simona, additional, Friedman, Maureen, additional, and Hammerschlag, Margaret R., additional

Published
2006
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46. Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia with pleural effusion: diagnosis by culture

Author

Augenbraun, Michael H., Roblin, Patricia M., Mandel, Laura J., Hammerschlag, Margaret R., and Schachter, Julius

Subjects
Chlamydia, Chlamydia infections -- Care and treatment, Pneumonia -- Case studies, Pleural effusions -- Causes of, Health, Health care industry
Abstract

The case report is presented of a 19-year-old man who developed malaise, severe chest pain, a cough, and weight loss. The patient had been taking an antibiotic (cephalexin) for seven days without relief, and shortness of breath had developed. A different antibiotic (erythromycin) was prescribed, but it caused gastrointestinal discomfort and the patient stopped taking it. After admission to the hospital, the patient's respiratory symptoms worsened and treatment with intravenous erythromycin was started. X-ray studies showed lung abnormalities. A pleural effusion (presence of fluid in the pleural space, between the layers of membrane that surround the lungs) was detected and aspirated. This brought prompt relief of symptoms. Examination of swab specimens from the patient's throat and of the pleural fluid showed that the bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae was present. This agent can cause a mild to moderately severe pneumonia, often with sore throat, in healthy young adults. It can also affect older people, requiring hospitalization. This represents the first reported case in which C. pneumoniae has been isolated from pleural fluid. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

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