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Copyright of Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Technology is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the integration of global economy, cultural exchanges between different countries are becoming more and more frequent. The cultural difference between China and the West is the key to our intercultural communication. Robot technology is one of the most advanced technologies in the world. Translation is a transformation of different cultures and languages. Because of the cultural differences between China and the West, the translator must understand and grasp the relevant culture in advance and realize that language and culture are closely related and mutually reinforcing. In the translation of English words, the ways of expression and life in both Chinese and Western languages will have some negative effects on the translation of English words. In the translation of mother tongue and foreign language, the differences between different nationalities should be analyzed. Using robot technology can make the two different languages to convert, can understand and master different cultures of different countries, so that English communication more accurate. Starting with the translation of English words, this paper expounds the application of robot technology in the translation of English words, and discusses some problems in the translation of English words under machine technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective In the maintenance process of urban rail transit vehicles, the cleaning, grinding and polishing of the vehicle carbody surface paint often require a long time when done manually. Moreover, manual polishing operations can lead to uneven distribution of polishing force, resulting in paint damage and reduced maintenance quality. The use of robotic polishing can shorten the operation time and is technically mature, stable in performance, and capable of meeting the majority of production needs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the feasibility of robot technology for surface paint maintenance on urban rail transit vehicle carbody. Method Based on the structural parameters of the vehicle side wall, robot configurations are adapted to replace manual polishing operations. Force sensors are installed at the end of the robot to hold the polishing tool for operation. The data collected by force sensors are used as output and fed back to the robot motion joint coordinates to ensure the basic stability of polishing force during carbody surface polishing. Simulation is used to calculate the robot workspace, and additional robot outer axes are installed based on the vehicle structure to meet actual operational needs. Result & Conclusion The application of robot technology in the quality maintenance process of surface paint on urban rail transit vehicle carbodies can meet the structural characteristics of the vehicle side wall. By reducing the number of operators and meeting the full coverage requirement of the vehicle side wall polishing area on-site, the introduction of force sensors in the polishing tool is expected to enhance the quality of carbody surface polish-ing and meet the stability requirements of on-site processes, thereby increasing the automation rate of the production line.

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the sustained use of the "Hug," a "hugging" type robotic transfer support device, could increase the level of quality of care. The effect of proficiency on using the device was examined in terms of time spent for transfer, ratio of transfers using the device, and range of targets. The results were compared between skilled care facilities that had used the device for >24 months and unskilled facilities. The time spent for transfer at the unskilled facility was 4.6 min (2nd week after introduction), was reduced to 3.0 min (5th week), and 1.5 min at the skilled facility. The usage ratio at the unskilled facility was 13% and 30% (2nd and 5th week, respectively), while it was 97% in the skilled facility. Further, we identified wider in the range of target care recipients in the skilled facility. It takes time to master the use of Hug; however, its use was associated with many positive aspects, especially from the perspective of care recipients, e.g., better care, use of their own legs, and reduced time for transfers. These findings suggest that the widespread use of Hug would improve the quality of care. Less physically burdened on the caregivers using Hug, they can afford to talk to the care recipients. Using recipient's own legs during transfers, it prevents leg muscle disuse. As reduced time for transfers, recipients will have more opportunities to get out of bed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 21st century, China has been vigorously developing urban construction, and now the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought new opportunities for urban design and management. Meso-scale cities are the most developed cities in China and play an important role in economic and social development. The current robot technology is mainly divided into industrial robots and service robots, which can play an important role in the development of cities. This paper aims to apply AI robotics technology to the analysis and intelligent management of mesoscale urban design genealogy. Firstly, the development pedigree of the mesoscale city was analyzed, from which the characteristics of previous designs could be clearly understood. Then, the urban management and control system is intelligently designed from many aspects, the characteristics of the robot are analyzed, and the application of the intelligent robot in urban design is introduced. After that, four developing meso‑scale cities in a province were selected as the evaluation objects, and an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was proposed to evaluate the application effect of robotics technology in meso‑scale cities. The results showed that the overall score of the robot in urban traffic design was greater than 70 points, and the overall score of urban architectural design was greater than 65 points, which was in the acceptable range. In the application score of urban environment design, the influence was about 70 to 80 points, and the aesthetics was more than 75 points. The cultural aspect of the design impact score was no more than 75 points, while the cultural support aspect score was around 80 points. After the weight calculation, the final overall score was 489 points, and the comprehensive average score was 36 points. The overall composite score and average score were both good. This showed that the application of robot technology to the pedigree analysis and intelligent management and control of mesoscale urban design could achieve good results.

This survey article highlights the difficulties in the field maintenance of telecommunication towers. It critically analyses the main features of the deployment of robots to maintain telecommunication towers. The growing demand for mobile connectivity poses the need for more towers, and the subsequent problem of network maintenance becomes more critical. Most tower maintenance is required work at height; therefore, height‐related risks are more frequent. A rigorous review is conducted, and the growth of the telecommunications network and key on‐site maintenance challenges are analyzed. Despite numerous challenges, these towers are maintained manually by riggers (certified climbers) worldwide. It raises the question, Is it possible to implement automation by robots for the maintenance of telecommunications towers? The feasibility analysis to deploy the robots is conducted systematically. To access the tower through a robot, detailed information on the type of towers, the climbing arrangements available on the existing towers, and the necessary operations to be carried out at the height is collected. A critical analysis of the climbing robots currently available in the literature, their grasping technology, and control algorithms is performed. The opinion of experts in the telecommunication industry is very helpful in identifying the requirements of robotic systems. The design attributes especially needed for the climbing robot, and the execution of the maintenance in height are highlighted. Due justification is given for deploying robots for field maintenance of telecom towers. The recommended methodology for designing an automation system helps research in the field of maintenance of telecom towers through robots, which could bring a remarkable solution to the telecom sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the application of robotic technology in fitness motion detection, this study develops a modular high accuracy and low-latency Human Gesture Recognition (HGR) system. Firstly, an improved HGR algorithm is introduced, which compresses the HGR model through content extraction and reduces the number of parameters. Methods such as Simulated Annealing and Semi-Supervised Learning are introduced to improve content extraction, further improving the compression of the model. Secondly, a human pose recognition system is constructed based on Deep Learning (DL) and robotics, and each module is recommended. Finally, the effectiveness of the system is verified. The results show that when the accuracy is close to HRNet-32. The inference speed of the model is increased by about 2.4 times, and the model parameters are compressed by about 67%. The data demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The robot-human posture detection technology can effectively solve human posture recognition in fitness exercises.

There is an increasing gap between the policy cycle’s speed and that of technological and social change. This gap is becoming broader and more prominent in robotics, that is, movable machines that perform tasks either automatically or with a degree of autonomy. This is because current legislation was unprepared for machine learning and autonomous agents. As a result, the law often lags behind and does not adequately frame robot technologies. This state of affairs inevitably increases legal uncertainty. It is unclear what regulatory frameworks developers have to follow to comply, often resulting in technology that does not perform well in the wild, is unsafe, and can exacerbate biases and lead to discrimination. This paper explores these issues and considers the background, key findings, and lessons learned of the LIAISON project, which stands for “Liaising robot development and policymaking,” and aims to ideate an alignment model for robots’ legal appraisal channeling robot policy development from a hybrid top-down/bottom-up perspective to solve this mismatch. As such, LIAISON seeks to uncover to what extent compliance tools could be used as data generators for robot policy purposes to unravel an optimal regulatory framing for existing and emerging robot technologies.

In every country over the world, missing children and adults is a social problem. This problem affects both the relatives of the missing people and the community materially and morally. This article presents a new and original project developed to find a solution to this major social problem. There are three main parts of the project that are synchronized and interactive with each other. Each main part has its own sub-parts. In the first main part, there are units consisted of a robot working structure wandering around the outer world with a radio control (R/C) camera, solar power panel, and shock device unit. In the second main part, there is an interface program with implementations such as face recognition, short message service (SMS) sending, and warning programmed in the computer. In the third main part, there is a mobile phone and communication process on the robot transferring the information regarding the location. Finding the missing people is realized by synchronous communication of the robot and the interface implementation. As a result, an important study was carried out for the process of finding missing persons, which is a common and major social problem of the whole world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shenzhen University Science & Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: By 2050, nearly 13 million Americans will have Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), with most of those with ADRD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) receiving home care. Mobile telepresence robots may allow persons with MCI or ADRD to remain living independently at home and ease the burden of caregiving. The goal of this study was to identify how an existing mobile telepresence robot can be enhanced to support at-home care of people with MCI or ADRD through key stakeholder input. Objective: The specific aims were to assess what applications should be integrated into the robot to further support the independence of individuals with MCI or ADRD and understand stakeholders' overall opinions about the robot. Methods: We conducted in-person interviews with 21 stakeholders, including 6 people aged >50 years with MCI or ADRD living in the community, 9 family caregivers of people with MCI or ADRD, and 6 clinicians who work with the ADRD population. Interview questions about the robot focused on technology use, design and functionality, future applications to incorporate, and overall opinions. We conducted a thematic analysis of the data obtained and assessed the patterns within and across stakeholder groups using a matrix analysis technique. Results: Overall, most stakeholders across groups felt positively about the robot's ability to support individuals with MCI or ADRD and decrease caregiver burden. Most ADRD stakeholders felt that the greatest benefits would be receiving help in emergency cases and having fewer in-person visits to the doctor's office. Caregivers and clinicians also noted that remote video communication with their family members using the robot was valuable. Adding voice commands and 1-touch lifesaving or help buttons to the robot were the top suggestions offered by the stakeholders. The 4 types of applications that were suggested included health-related alerts; reminders; smart-home-related applications; and social, entertainment, or well-being applications. Stakeholders across groups liked the robot's mobility, size, interactive connection, and communication abilities. However, stakeholders raised concerns about their physical stability and size for individuals living in smaller, cluttered spaces; screen quality for those with visual impairments; and privacy or data security. Conclusions: Although stakeholders generally expressed positive opinions about the robot, additional adaptations were suggested to strengthen functionality. Adding applications and making improvements to the design may help mitigate concerns and better support individuals with ADRD to live independently in the community. As the number of individuals living with ADRD in the United States increases, mobile telepresence robots are a promising way to support them and their caregivers. Engaging all 3 stakeholder groups in the development of these robots is a critical first step in ensuring that the technology matches their needs. Integrating the feedback obtained from our stakeholders and evaluating their effectiveness will be important next steps in adapting telepresence robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is dedicated to the emergence of progressive artificial intelligence technologies and its relations to the human nature and soul, as viewed by experts and in such specific community as the church. We seem now to be entering a new phase of the comprehension of the moral aspects of the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into the life of different societies. The romantic period of high expectations and excessive anxiety is replaced by the growing understanding of the complexity of the man‒machine interaction, which implies the intersection moral, legal, political and utilitarian dimensions of both a person and an artifact. The problematic issues are now more obvious, clear and difficult, as the disciplinary boundaries are revealed and highlighted. Among the crucial issues one should mention deficiencies in definitions; weakness of research optics and the vision that would be friendly to other areas of study or practice. This also includes the issues of integral assessment of the existing dangers, difficulties in describing the mechanisms of fulfilling both ethical and technically viable requirements. As scientific knowledge accumulates, both the benefits of introducing AI technologies into everyday life and previously underestimated new threats become more obvious. These societal and humanitarian ones include, in particular, social turbulence, neuroticism, digital crimes and crimes associated freedom abuses and losses of identity. Over the past few years, state and non-governmental institutions have proposed different approaches to determining what is included in the moral core of the problem under consideration. The efforts of many, if not most, of them turn out to be compromised by suspicions in willful intents. In this context, the broad consensus with the key agent facilitators is required, and the role such actors play in providing social stability is indisputable. One of the key roles in offering society the broadest vision on the anthropocentric development and AI progress belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. The Vatican’s quest to unite philosophers, AI developers, and religious leaders to address the ethical challenges of designing and implementing robotics is becoming an important element of the Christian witness in a world that is consider ed irrevocably secularized by many.

Abstract Background The rate of aging in Korea is extremely fast compared to major countries. We examined the key demands of community-dwelling older adults with regard to Connected Active Space technology, which provides tailored assistance with daily living performance through robotic services. Methods This study is based on a mixed-method design, through a quantitative survey (n = 234) first phase, followed by a qualitative study with focus group interviews (n = 23) to explore the needs and acceptance of community-dwelling aged people concerning the application of robot technology in their daily lives. Results The scores concerning the need for and acceptance of robot services to assist daily living performance were high, at 7.2 and 7.9 out of 10 points, respectively. Further, for both needs and acceptance, timely reaction to emergency situations, early detection of emergency situations, help to locate objects, assistance with mobility, and assistance in memory recall were prioritized (in that order). In a thematic analysis of qualitative data from three focus-group interviews, a ‘mismatch between desires and functional capacity’ was the core characteristic of living as an older person and ‘being a friend and helper’ was the most desired trait of a robot service. Conclusion Although most of the participants lived independently, they regularly experienced difficulties regarding buying products, transportation, using phones, and preparing meals. If appropriate assistance technology is developed, this population can maintain its independence. Thus, it is necessary to address main needs, including detecting and addressing emergency situations, locating objects, assisting mobility and memory recall, and assisting with daily living performance. New robot services that can be tailored to the functions or abilities of the elderly must be developed based on individually collected information.

In recent years, convolutional neural networks have made many advances in the field of computer vision. In smart greenhouses, using robots based on computer vision technology to pollinate flowers is one of the main methods of pollination. However, due to the complex lighting environment and the influence of leaf shadow in the greenhouse, it is difficult for the existing object detection algorithms to have high recall rate and accuracy. Based on this problem, from the perspective of application, we proposed a Yolov5s-based tomato flowering stage detection method named FlowerYolov5, which can well identify the bud phase, blooming phase and first fruit phase of tomato flowers. Firstly, in order to reduce the loss of tomato flower feature information in convolution and to strengthen the feature extraction of the target, FlowerYolov5 adds a new feature fusion layer. Then, in order to highlight the information of the object, the Convolutional Block Attention module (CBAM) is added to the backbone layer of FlowerYolov5. In the constructed tomato flower dataset, compared with YOLOv5s, the mAP of FlowerYolov5 increased by 7.8% (94.2%), and the F1 score of FlowerYolov5 increased by 6.6% (89.9%). It was found that the overall parameter of FlowerYolov5 was 23.9 Mbyte, thus achieving a good balance between model parameter size and recognition accuracy. The experimental results show that the FlowerYolov5 has good robustness and more accurate precision. At the same time, the recall rate has also been greatly improved. The prediction results of the proposed algorithm can provide more accurate flower positioning for the pollination robot and improve its economic benefits.

At present, in robot technology, remote control of robot is realized by wireless communication technology, and data anti-interference in wireless channel becomes a very important part. Any wireless communication system has an inherent multi-path propagation problem, which leads to the expansion of generated symbols on a time scale, resulting in symbol overlap and Inter-symbol Interference (ISI). ISI in the signal must be removed and the signal restores to its original state at the time of transmission or becomes as close to it as possible. Blind equalization is a popular equalization method for recovering transmitted symbols of superimposed noise without any pilot signal. In this work, we propose a concurrent modified constant modulus algorithm (MCMA) and the decision-directed scheme (DDS) with the Barzilai-Borwein (BB) method for the purpose of blind equalization of wireless communications systems (WCS). The BB method, which is two-step gradient method, has been widely employed to solve multidimensional unconstrained optimization problems. Considering the similarity of equalization process and optimization process, the proposed algorithm combines existing blind equalization algorithm and Barzilai-Borwein method, and concurrently operates a MCMA equalizer and a DD equalizer. After that, it modifies the DD equalizer's step size (SS) by the BB method. Theoretical investigation was involved and it demonstrated rapid convergence and improved equalization performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the original one. Additionally, the simulation results were consistent with the proposed technique.

The Japanese population is rapidly aging, with fewer proportion of children, and its production-age population has decreased correspondingly, with a resulting shortage in nursing-care service providers. To cope with this situation, the Japanese government has focused on developing and deploying nursing-care robots to compensate for the shortage of human resources. As most nursing-care services are intended for the elderly and disabled, they are traditionally considered as human services. To implement nursing-care robots on a large scale, numerous approaches and measures have been considered, such as modeling the approaches to effectively use nursing-care robots in nursing-care fields, rewarding highly useful nursing-care robots with greater nursing-care compensations, and responding to consultations at nursing-care sites by building a platform to develop, demonstrate, and deploy nursing-care robots. However, nursing-care services using robots are still not popular because of prevailing anxieties about and resistance to such technologies; therefore, the promotion of nursing-care services using robot technologies remains a challenge. Presently, a system capable of supporting not only a single nursing-care scenario but also a series of nursing-care operations is highly desired. In the future, nursing-care services have to be made more rewarding using robots, for which it is vitally important to provide support in the form of evidence-based, scientific, and effective nursing-care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, in robot technology, remote control of robot is realized by wireless communication technology, and data anti-interference in wireless channel becomes a very important part. Any wireless communication system has an inherent multi-path propagation problem, which leads to the expansion of generated symbols on a time scale, resulting in symbol overlap and Inter-symbol Interference (ISI). ISI in the signal must be removed and the signal restores to its original state at the time of transmission or becomes as close to it as possible. Blind equalization is a popular equalization method for recovering transmitted symbols of superimposed noise without any pilot signal. In this work, we propose a concurrent modified constant modulus algorithm (MCMA) and the decision-directed scheme (DDS) with the Barzilai-Borwein (BB) method for the purpose of blind equalization of wireless communications systems (WCS). The BB method, which is two-step gradient method, has been widely employed to solve multidimensional unconstrained optimization problems. Considering the similarity of equalization process and optimization process, the proposed algorithm combines existing blind equalization algorithm and Barzilai-Borwein method, and concurrently operates a MCMA equalizer and a DD equalizer. After that, it modifies the DD equalizer's step size (SS) by the BB method. Theoretical investigation was involved and it demonstrated rapid convergence and improved equalization performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the original one. Additionally, the simulation results were consistent with the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There was a boom in the development of robot technology at the end of the 20th century and especially in the 21st century. The process is still on-going, and is moreover getting stronger in certain fields. This technology has become a daily practice not only in the developed world, but also, in some areas, in the activities of giant companies. Furthermore, it is widely applied among medium-sized enterprises as well. Nowadays, building small robots has become a favourable activity in numerous clubs at technological elementary and secondary schools. Therefore, the world of robots has been known to the new generation for a long time. It is not an exaggeration to state that humans accept and use robots more and more, and thus it is easy to understand why there is a connection between human geography and the world of robots. Geography (including human geography) is one of the interdisciplinary fields of science in its widest sense. Therefore human geography should relate to the activities that mark the era of other sciences in a much braver way than it has so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes the authors´ own mathematical modelling designed for the production process of a new type of low-weight composite frame. The used real technology is based on the winding of carbon or glass filament rovings around a polyurethane core which is a frame with a circular cross section (this type of composites is used, for example, to reinforce the doors and windows of airplanes). The core is attached to the end-effector of the robot (robot-end-effector) and successively passes through the fibre-processing head during the winding process. Quality production depends primarily on the correct winding of fibres around the polyurethane core. It is especially needed to ensure the correct angles of the fibre winding around the polyurethane core and the homogeneity of individual winding layers. The numerical model described in Euclidean space E3 of the manufacturing process is used when the fibre-processing frame is passing through the fibre-processing head. We use the described mathematical model and matrix calculus to enumerate the trajectory of the robot-end-effector to determine the desired passage of the core through the fibre-processing head. The calculated sequence of "tool-centre-point" values of the robot allows us to define the desired trajectory of the robot-end-effector and, thereby, the passage of the frame through the fibre-processing head. The calculation of the trajectory was programmed in the Delphi development environment. A practical example is analysed in the article.

The authors of the current investigation developed and evaluated the effects of a tutoring system based on a small-group arrangement to two young adults with autism spectrum disorder on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of sight words. The tutoring system was comprised of a virtual teacher to instruct sight words, and a humanoid robot which adopted a peer metaphor, where its function was to act as an emulated peer. With the introduction of the robot peer (RP), the traditional dyadic interaction in tutoring systems was augmented to a novel triadic interaction in order to enrich the social content of the learning environment and to facilitate observational learning (OL). The virtual teacher implemented a constant time delay strategy to instruct three types of sight words: (a) target words exclusive to the participant, (b) target words common between the participant and the RP, and (c) nontarget words exclusive to the RP. In order to examine the efficacy of intervention, a multiple-probe design across three word sets, replicated across two participants, was utilized. Results indicated that both participants acquired, generalized, and maintained target words with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the participants made fewer errors and required less instruction time to learn the words common between the participants and the RP. Finally, the participants acquired, through OL, the majority of words taught exclusively to the RP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The domestic and international development status of the lower limb rehabilitation robot was reviewed. The robot had its key technologies analyzed including those for mechanism degree of freedom, driving mode, driving joint, training mode as well as human-computer interface/sensing, which had problems in joint motility, human-computer interaction, response velocity and etc. It's pointed out that the robot be improved in mechanical structure, endurance and human -computer interaction in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic compact storage and retrieval systems (RCSRS) have seen many implementations over the last few years. In such a system, the inventory items are stored in bins, organized in a grid. In each cell of the grid, a certain number of bins are stored on top of each other. Robots with transport and lifting capabilities move on the grid roof to transport bins between manual workstations and storage stacks. We estimate performance and evaluate storage policies of RCSRS, considering both dedicated and shared storage policies coupled with random and zoned storage stacks. Semi-open queuing networks (SOQNs) are built to estimate the system performance, which can handle both immediate and delayed reshuffling processes. We approximate the models by reduced SOQNs with two load-dependent service nodes and use the matrix-geometric method to solve them. Both simulations and a real case are used to validate the analytical models. Assuming a given number of stored products, our models can be used to optimize not only the length-to-width ratio of the system but also the stack height, depending on the storage strategy used. For a given inventory and optimal system configuration, we demonstrate that the dedicated storage policy outperforms the shared storage policy when the objective is to minimize dual command throughput time. However, from a cost perspective, with a maximum dual command throughput time as a constraint, we show that shared storage substantially outperforms dedicated storage. The annualized costs of dedicated storage are up to twice as large as those of shared storage, as a result of the larger number of storage positions required by dedicated storage and the relatively lower filling degree of storage stacks. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0786. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]