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2. Advances and prospects for the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP).

Author

Jain, Sanjay, Pei, Liming, Spraggins, Jeffrey, Angelo, Michael, Carson, James, Gehlenborg, Nils, Ginty, Fiona, Gonçalves, Joana, Hagood, James, Hickey, John, Kelleher, Neil, Laurent, Louise, Lin, Shin, Lin, Yiing, Liu, Huiping, Naba, Alexandra, Nakayasu, Ernesto, Qian, Wei-Jun, Radtke, Andrea, Robson, Paul, Stockwell, Brent, Van de Plas, Raf, Vlachos, Ioannis, Zhou, Mowei, Börner, Katy, and Snyder, Michael

Abstract

The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) aims to create a multi-scale spatial atlas of the healthy human body at single-cell resolution by applying advanced technologies and disseminating resources to the community. As the HuBMAP moves past its first phase, creating ontologies, protocols and pipelines, this Perspective introduces the production phase: the generation of reference spatial maps of functional tissue units across many organs from diverse populations and the creation of mapping tools and infrastructure to advance biomedical research.

Published
2023

3. Author Correction: Advances and prospects for the Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP)

Author

Jain, Sanjay, Pei, Liming, Spraggins, Jeffrey M., Angelo, Michael, Carson, James P., Gehlenborg, Nils, Ginty, Fiona, Gonçalves, Joana P., Hagood, James S., Hickey, John W., Kelleher, Neil L., Laurent, Louise C., Lin, Shin, Lin, Yiing, Liu, Huiping, Naba, Alexandra, Nakayasu, Ernesto S., Qian, Wei-Jun, Radtke, Andrea, Robson, Paul, Stockwell, Brent R., Van de Plas, Raf, Vlachos, Ioannis S., Zhou, Mowei, Börner, Katy, and Snyder, Michael P.

Published
2024
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12. Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts.

Author

Elyada, Ela, Bolisetty, Mohan, Laise, Pasquale, Flynn, William, Courtois, Elise, Burkhart, Richard, Teinor, Jonathan, Belleau, Pascal, Biffi, Giulia, Lucito, Matthew, Sivajothi, Santhosh, Armstrong, Todd, Yu, Kenneth, Hao, Yuan, Wolfgang, Christopher, Park, Youngkyu, Preall, Jonathan, Jaffee, Elizabeth, Califano, Andrea, Robson, Paul, Tuveson, David, and Engle, Dannielle

Subjects
Animals, Antigen Presentation, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Humans, Mice, Models, Biological, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Single-Cell Analysis, Tumor Microenvironment
Abstract

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major players in the progression and drug resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). CAFs constitute a diverse cell population consisting of several recently described subtypes, although the extent of CAF heterogeneity has remained undefined. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to thoroughly characterize the neoplastic and tumor microenvironment content of human and mouse PDAC tumors. We corroborate the presence of myofibroblastic CAFs and inflammatory CAFs and define their unique gene signatures in vivo. Moreover, we describe a new population of CAFs that express MHC class II and CD74, but do not express classic costimulatory molecules. We term this cell population antigen-presenting CAFs and find that they activate CD4+ T cells in an antigen-specific fashion in a model system, confirming their putative immune-modulatory capacity. Our cross-species analysis paves the way for investigating distinct functions of CAF subtypes in PDAC immunity and progression. SIGNIFICANCE: Appreciating the full spectrum of fibroblast heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is crucial to developing therapies that specifically target tumor-promoting CAFs. This work identifies MHC class II-expressing CAFs with a capacity to present antigens to CD4+ T cells, and potentially to modulate the immune response in pancreatic tumors.See related commentary by Belle and DeNardo, p. 1001.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 983.

Published
2019

14. Breeding progress and preparedness for mass‐scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar

Author

Clifton‐Brown, John, Harfouche, Antoine, Casler, Michael D, Jones, Huw Dylan, Macalpine, William J, Murphy‐Bokern, Donal, Smart, Lawrence B, Adler, Anneli, Ashman, Chris, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, Bastien, Catherine, Bopper, Sebastian, Botnari, Vasile, Brancourt‐Hulmel, Maryse, Chen, Zhiyong, Clark, Lindsay V, Cosentino, Salvatore, Dalton, Sue, Davey, Chris, Dolstra, Oene, Donnison, Iain, Flavell, Richard, Greef, Joerg, Hanley, Steve, Hastings, Astley, Hertzberg, Magnus, Hsu, Tsai‐Wen, Huang, Lin S, Iurato, Antonella, Jensen, Elaine, Jin, Xiaoli, Jørgensen, Uffe, Kiesel, Andreas, Kim, Do‐Soon, Liu, Jianxiu, McCalmont, Jon P, McMahon, Bernard G, Mos, Michal, Robson, Paul, Sacks, Erik J, Sandu, Anatolii, Scalici, Giovanni, Schwarz, Kai, Scordia, Danilo, Shafiei, Reza, Shield, Ian, Slavov, Gancho, Stanton, Brian J, Swaminathan, Kankshita, Taylor, Gail, Torres, Andres F, Trindade, Luisa M, Tschaplinski, Timothy, Tuskan, Gerald A, Yamada, Toshihiko, Yu, Chang Yeon, Zalesny, Ronald S, Zong, Junqin, and Lewandowski, Iris

Subjects
Affordable and Clean Energy, bioenergy, feedstocks, lignocellulose, M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, Miscanthus, Panicum virgatum, perennial biomass crop, Populus spp., Salix spp., M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, Agricultural Biotechnology
Abstract

Genetic improvement through breeding is one of the key approaches to increasing biomass supply. This paper documents the breeding progress to date for four perennial biomass crops (PBCs) that have high output-input energy ratios: namely Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), species of the genera Miscanthus (miscanthus), Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar). For each crop, we report on the size of germplasm collections, the efforts to date to phenotype and genotype, the diversity available for breeding and on the scale of breeding work as indicated by number of attempted crosses. We also report on the development of faster and more precise breeding using molecular breeding techniques. Poplar is the model tree for genetic studies and is furthest ahead in terms of biological knowledge and genetic resources. Linkage maps, transgenesis and genome editing methods are now being used in commercially focused poplar breeding. These are in development in switchgrass, miscanthus and willow generating large genetic and phenotypic data sets requiring concomitant efforts in informatics to create summaries that can be accessed and used by practical breeders. Cultivars of switchgrass and miscanthus can be seed-based synthetic populations, semihybrids or clones. Willow and poplar cultivars are commercially deployed as clones. At local and regional level, the most advanced cultivars in each crop are at technology readiness levels which could be scaled to planting rates of thousands of hectares per year in about 5 years with existing commercial developers. Investment in further development of better cultivars is subject to current market failure and the long breeding cycles. We conclude that sustained public investment in breeding plays a key role in delivering future mass-scale deployment of PBCs.

Published
2019

15. Breeding progress and preparedness for mass-scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar.

Author

Clifton-Brown, John, Harfouche, Antoine, Casler, Michael D, Dylan Jones, Huw, Macalpine, William J, Murphy-Bokern, Donal, Smart, Lawrence B, Adler, Anneli, Ashman, Chris, Awty-Carroll, Danny, Bastien, Catherine, Bopper, Sebastian, Botnari, Vasile, Brancourt-Hulmel, Maryse, Chen, Zhiyong, Clark, Lindsay V, Cosentino, Salvatore, Dalton, Sue, Davey, Chris, Dolstra, Oene, Donnison, Iain, Flavell, Richard, Greef, Joerg, Hanley, Steve, Hastings, Astley, Hertzberg, Magnus, Hsu, Tsai-Wen, Huang, Lin S, Iurato, Antonella, Jensen, Elaine, Jin, Xiaoli, Jørgensen, Uffe, Kiesel, Andreas, Kim, Do-Soon, Liu, Jianxiu, McCalmont, Jon P, McMahon, Bernard G, Mos, Michal, Robson, Paul, Sacks, Erik J, Sandu, Anatolii, Scalici, Giovanni, Schwarz, Kai, Scordia, Danilo, Shafiei, Reza, Shield, Ian, Slavov, Gancho, Stanton, Brian J, Swaminathan, Kankshita, Taylor, Gail, Torres, Andres F, Trindade, Luisa M, Tschaplinski, Timothy, Tuskan, Gerald A, Yamada, Toshihiko, Yeon Yu, Chang, Zalesny, Ronald S, Zong, Junqin, and Lewandowski, Iris

Subjects
M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, Miscanthus, Panicum virgatum, Populus spp., Salix spp., bioenergy, feedstocks, lignocellulose, perennial biomass crop, M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, Agricultural Biotechnology
Abstract

Genetic improvement through breeding is one of the key approaches to increasing biomass supply. This paper documents the breeding progress to date for four perennial biomass crops (PBCs) that have high output-input energy ratios: namely Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), species of the genera Miscanthus (miscanthus), Salix (willow) and Populus (poplar). For each crop, we report on the size of germplasm collections, the efforts to date to phenotype and genotype, the diversity available for breeding and on the scale of breeding work as indicated by number of attempted crosses. We also report on the development of faster and more precise breeding using molecular breeding techniques. Poplar is the model tree for genetic studies and is furthest ahead in terms of biological knowledge and genetic resources. Linkage maps, transgenesis and genome editing methods are now being used in commercially focused poplar breeding. These are in development in switchgrass, miscanthus and willow generating large genetic and phenotypic data sets requiring concomitant efforts in informatics to create summaries that can be accessed and used by practical breeders. Cultivars of switchgrass and miscanthus can be seed-based synthetic populations, semihybrids or clones. Willow and poplar cultivars are commercially deployed as clones. At local and regional level, the most advanced cultivars in each crop are at technology readiness levels which could be scaled to planting rates of thousands of hectares per year in about 5 years with existing commercial developers. Investment in further development of better cultivars is subject to current market failure and the long breeding cycles. We conclude that sustained public investment in breeding plays a key role in delivering future mass-scale deployment of PBCs.

Published
2019

17. Targeting p21Cip1 highly expressing cells in adipose tissue alleviates insulin resistance in obesity

Author

Wang, Lichao, Wang, Binsheng, Gasek, Nathan S., Zhou, Yueying, Cohn, Rachel L., Martin, Dominique E., Zuo, Wulin, Flynn, William F., Guo, Chun, Jellison, Evan R., Kim, Taewan, Prata, Larissa G.P. Langhi, Palmer, Allyson K., Li, Ming, Inman, Christina L., Barber, Lauren S., Al-Naggar, Iman M.A., Zhou, Yanjiao, Du, Wenqiang, Kshitiz, Kuchel, George A., Meves, Alexander, Tchkonia, Tamar, Kirkland, James L., Robson, Paul, and Xu, Ming

Published
2022
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18. Single-cell multimodal glioma analyses identify epigenetic regulators of cellular plasticity and environmental stress response

Author

Johnson, Kevin C., Anderson, Kevin J., Courtois, Elise T., Gujar, Amit D., Barthel, Floris P., Varn, Frederick S., Luo, Diane, Seignon, Martine, Yi, Eunhee, Kim, Hoon, Estecio, Marcos R. H., Zhao, Dacheng, Tang, Ming, Navin, Nicholas E., Maurya, Rahul, Ngan, Chew Yee, Verburg, Niels, de Witt Hamer, Philip C., Bulsara, Ketan, Samuels, Michael L., Das, Sunit, Robson, Paul, and Verhaak, Roel G. W.

Published
2021
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19. Genes and gene clusters related to genotype and drought-induced variation in saccharification potential, lignin content and wood anatomical traits in Populus nigra

Author

Wildhagen, Henning, Paul, Shanty, Allwright, Mike, Smith, Hazel K, Malinowska, Marta, Schnabel, Sabine K, Paulo, M João, Cattonaro, Federica, Vendramin, Vera, Scalabrin, Simone, Janz, Dennis, Douthe, Cyril, Brendel, Oliver, Buré, Cyril, Cohen, David, Hummel, Irène, Le Thiec, Didier, van Eeuwijk, Fred, Keurentjes, Joost JB, Flexas, Jaume, Morgante, Michele, Robson, Paul, Bogeat-Triboulot, Marie-Béatrice, Taylor, Gail, and Polle, Andrea

Subjects
Genetics, Droughts, Gene Expression, Genes, Plant, Genotype, Hydrolysis, Lignin, Multigene Family, Polysaccharides, Populus, Wood, biofuels, cell wall, drought, genotypic variation, glucose release, lignin, saccharification, wood traits, Ecology, Plant Biology, Forestry Sciences, Plant Biology & Botany
Abstract

Wood is a renewable resource that can be employed for the production of second generation biofuels by enzymatic saccharification and subsequent fermentation. Knowledge on how the saccharification potential is affected by genotype-related variation of wood traits and drought is scarce. Here, we used three Populus nigra L. genotypes from habitats differing in water availability to (i) investigate the relationships between wood anatomy, lignin content and saccharification and (ii) identify genes and co-expressed gene clusters related to genotype and drought-induced variation in wood traits and saccharification potential. The three poplar genotypes differed in wood anatomy, lignin content and saccharification potential. Drought resulted in reduced cambial activity, decreased vessel and fiber lumina, and increased the saccharification potential. The saccharification potential was unrelated to lignin content as well as to most wood anatomical traits. RNA sequencing of the developing xylem revealed that 1.5% of the analyzed genes were differentially expressed in response to drought, while 67% differed among the genotypes. Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified modules of co-expressed genes correlated with saccharification potential. These modules were enriched in gene ontology terms related to cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis and modification and vesicle transport, but not to lignin biosynthesis. Among the most strongly saccharification-correlated genes, those with regulatory functions, especially kinases, were prominent. We further identified transcription factors whose transcript abundances differed among genotypes, and which were co-regulated with genes for biosynthesis and modifications of hemicelluloses and pectin. Overall, our study suggests that the regulation of pectin and hemicellulose metabolism is a promising target for improving wood quality of second generation bioenergy crops. The causal relationship of the identified genes and pathways with saccharification potential needs to be validated in further experiments.

Published
2018

20. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma

Author

Taylor, Aaron Michael, primary, Shing Ng, Patrick Kwok, additional, Harder, Jeffrey M., additional, Kumar, Parveen, additional, Dzis, Alissa M., additional, Jillette, Nathaniel L., additional, Goodspeed, Andrew, additional, Bodlak, Avery, additional, Wu, Qian, additional, Isakoff, Michael S., additional, George, Joshy, additional, Grassmann, Jessica D.S., additional, Luo, Diane, additional, Flynn, William F., additional, Courtois, Elise T., additional, Robson, Paul, additional, Hayashi, Masanori, additional, Paolillo, Alini Trujillo, additional, de Toledo, Silvia Regina Caminada, additional, Balarezo, Fabiola Sara, additional, Lindsay, Adam D., additional, Hoang, Bang, additional, and Lau, Ching C., additional

Published
2023
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21. EPCO-34. IMAGE-BASED PHENOTYPIC HIGH-CONTENT CRISPR-CAS9 SCREEN FOR CHARACTERIZING CANCER DRIVERS IN PEDIATRIC HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA

Author

Amin, Samir, primary, Gujar, Amit, additional, Yi, Eunhee, additional, Kang, Wonyeong, additional, Costa, Megan, additional, Gabriel, Paul, additional, Sjogren, Greg, additional, Maher, Leigh, additional, Lee, Charles, additional, Robson, Paul, additional, Dickinson, Peter, additional, Packer, Rebecca, additional, Courtois, Elise, additional, and Verhaak, Roel, additional

Published
2023
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26. Mapping systemic lupus erythematosus heterogeneity at the single-cell level

Author

Nehar-Belaid, Djamel, Hong, Seunghee, Marches, Radu, Chen, Guo, Bolisetty, Mohan, Baisch, Jeanine, Walters, Lynnette, Punaro, Marilynn, Rossi, Robert J., Chung, Cheng-Han, Huynh, Richie P., Singh, Prashant, Flynn, William F., Tabanor-Gayle, Joy-Ann, Kuchipudi, Navya, Mejias, Asuncion, Collet, Magalie A., Lucido, Anna Lisa, Palucka, Karolina, Robson, Paul, Lakshminarayanan, Santhanam, Ramilo, Octavio, Wright, Tracey, Pascual, Virginia, and Banchereau, Jacques F.

Published
2020
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29. Single-cell analyses reveal increased intratumoral heterogeneity after the onset of therapy resistance in small-cell lung cancer

Author

Stewart, C. Allison, Gay, Carl M., Xi, Yuanxin, Sivajothi, Santhosh, Sivakamasundari, V., Fujimoto, Junya, Bolisetty, Mohan, Hartsfield, Patrice M., Balasubramaniyan, Veerakumar, Chalishazar, Milind D., Moran, Cesar, Kalhor, Neda, Stewart, John, Tran, Hai, Swisher, Stephen G., Roth, Jack A., Zhang, Jianjun, de Groot, John, Glisson, Bonnie, Oliver, Trudy G., Heymach, John V., Wistuba, Ignacio, Robson, Paul, Wang, Jing, and Byers, Lauren Averett

Published
2020
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40. Supplementary Table S13 from Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

Author

Elyada, Ela, primary, Bolisetty, Mohan, primary, Laise, Pasquale, primary, Flynn, William F., primary, Courtois, Elise T., primary, Burkhart, Richard A., primary, Teinor, Jonathan A., primary, Belleau, Pascal, primary, Biffi, Giulia, primary, Lucito, Matthew S., primary, Sivajothi, Santhosh, primary, Armstrong, Todd D., primary, Engle, Dannielle D., primary, Yu, Kenneth H., primary, Hao, Yuan, primary, Wolfgang, Christopher L., primary, Park, Youngkyu, primary, Preall, Jonathan, primary, Jaffee, Elizabeth M., primary, Califano, Andrea, primary, Robson, Paul, primary, and Tuveson, David A., primary

Published
2023
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41. Supplementary Tables S1, S2, S3, S5, S7, S9, S11, S12, S17, S19, S21 from Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

Author

Elyada, Ela, primary, Bolisetty, Mohan, primary, Laise, Pasquale, primary, Flynn, William F., primary, Courtois, Elise T., primary, Burkhart, Richard A., primary, Teinor, Jonathan A., primary, Belleau, Pascal, primary, Biffi, Giulia, primary, Lucito, Matthew S., primary, Sivajothi, Santhosh, primary, Armstrong, Todd D., primary, Engle, Dannielle D., primary, Yu, Kenneth H., primary, Hao, Yuan, primary, Wolfgang, Christopher L., primary, Park, Youngkyu, primary, Preall, Jonathan, primary, Jaffee, Elizabeth M., primary, Califano, Andrea, primary, Robson, Paul, primary, and Tuveson, David A., primary

Published
2023
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42. Data from Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

Author

Elyada, Ela, primary, Bolisetty, Mohan, primary, Laise, Pasquale, primary, Flynn, William F., primary, Courtois, Elise T., primary, Burkhart, Richard A., primary, Teinor, Jonathan A., primary, Belleau, Pascal, primary, Biffi, Giulia, primary, Lucito, Matthew S., primary, Sivajothi, Santhosh, primary, Armstrong, Todd D., primary, Engle, Dannielle D., primary, Yu, Kenneth H., primary, Hao, Yuan, primary, Wolfgang, Christopher L., primary, Park, Youngkyu, primary, Preall, Jonathan, primary, Jaffee, Elizabeth M., primary, Califano, Andrea, primary, Robson, Paul, primary, and Tuveson, David A., primary

Published
2023
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43. Supplementary Figures S1-S8 from Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

Author

Elyada, Ela, primary, Bolisetty, Mohan, primary, Laise, Pasquale, primary, Flynn, William F., primary, Courtois, Elise T., primary, Burkhart, Richard A., primary, Teinor, Jonathan A., primary, Belleau, Pascal, primary, Biffi, Giulia, primary, Lucito, Matthew S., primary, Sivajothi, Santhosh, primary, Armstrong, Todd D., primary, Engle, Dannielle D., primary, Yu, Kenneth H., primary, Hao, Yuan, primary, Wolfgang, Christopher L., primary, Park, Youngkyu, primary, Preall, Jonathan, primary, Jaffee, Elizabeth M., primary, Califano, Andrea, primary, Robson, Paul, primary, and Tuveson, David A., primary

Published
2023
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44. Perennial biomass cropping and use: shaping the policy ecosystem in European countries

Author

Clifton‐Brown, John, primary, Hastings, Astley, additional, von Cossel, Moritz, additional, Murphy‐Bokern, Donal, additional, McCalmont, Jon, additional, Whittaker, Jeanette, additional, Alexopoulou, Efi, additional, Amaducci, Stefano, additional, Andronic, Larisa, additional, Ashman, Christopher, additional, Awty‐Carroll, Danny, additional, Bhatia, Rakesh, additional, Breuer, Lutz, additional, Cosentino, Salvatore, additional, Cracroft‐Eley, William, additional, Donnison, Iain, additional, Elbersen, Berien, additional, Ferrarini, Andrea, additional, Ford, Judith, additional, Greef, Jörg, additional, Ingram, Julie, additional, Lewandowski, Iris, additional, Magenau, Elena, additional, Mos, Michal, additional, Petrick, Martin, additional, Pogrzeba, Marta, additional, Robson, Paul, additional, Rowe, Rebecca L., additional, Sandu, Anatolii, additional, Schwarz, Kai‐Uwe, additional, Scordia, Danilo, additional, Scurlock, Jonathan, additional, Shepherd, Anita, additional, Thornton, Judith, additional, Trindade, Luisa M., additional, Vetter, Sylvia, additional, Wagner, Moritz, additional, Wu, Pei‐Chen, additional, Yamada, Toshihiko, additional, and Kiesel, Andreas, additional

Published
2023
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45. Regulatory Focus, Ambidextrous Learning, and Opportunity Recognition in New Product Development

Author

Tao, Xiangming, Wang, Catherine L., and Robson, Paul J. A.

Abstract

This study focuses on individual managers’ ambidextrous learning and examines its psychological antecedents and consequences in the new product development (NPD) context. Specifically, drawing on the paradox theory and the regulatory focus theory, this study examines the relationship between regulatory focus (i.e., promotion focus and prevention focus), ambidextrous learning, and NPD opportunity recognition, from the individual ambidexterity perspective. Based on the survey data of 225 NPD managers in high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises in China, we find that NPD managers’ promotion focus and prevention focus, acting as an enabler and a deterrent respectively, affect their ambidextrous learning, which in turn facilitates opportunity recognition in the NPD process. Further analyses reveal that ambidextrous learning mediates the effects of promotion focus and prevention focus on opportunity recognition in the NPD. Our findings offer new insights on the individual ambidexterity research regarding the unique role of ambidextrous learning, manifested as actionable managerial capability. The findings offer novel insights on the role of NPD managers’ ambidextrous learning in the NPD process, and practical implications for NPD managers to self-regulate their behavior for the benefit of opportunity recognition.

Published
2024
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46. The use and impact of external advice by small firms

Author

Robson, Paul John Alexander

Subjects
338.6041
Abstract

This thesis explores the extent of use and the impact of a full range of the providers of external advice in Scotland and northern England using a very large scale postal survey of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), with over 1300 replies. This is the first large scale survey of Scotland which includes a comprehensive set of the sources of external advice. Chapter 1 provides the reader with the general overview of the contribution to theory and concepts and in indication of the structure which is followed. Chapters 2 and 3 introduce the theoretical debates and the geography of business support and the previous analyses of previous business advice providers. Chapter 4 presents the methodology and the data sets which have been used. In chapter 5 the levels of use and impact of private and public sector sources are reported. In chapter 6 a set of supplementary questions are used to gauge the levels of use and clients’ assessments of Business Link (BL)/Small Business Service (SBS) and Business Shop (BS)/Small Business Gateway (SBG) which are the key mechanisms for the delivery of public sector business support. Chapter 7 assesses the central government support schemes such as Export Credit Guarantees. The geography of business advice has remained a comparatively under researched theme and this thesis in chapters 8 and 9 seeks to explore the relationship between the location of the firms and how this influences the levels of use and the impact of business advice.

Published
2004

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