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A dysfunctional signaling pathway in the hippocampus has been linked to chronic pain-related memory impairment in mice.

Tendo por base uma problematização acerca das aspirações conservadoras de uma visão religiosa de mundo orientada à padronização cultural, este artigo, ao recuperar os contornos de uma racionalidade marcada por não poucas ambiguidades, mas com pretensões que excedem a uma simples disjunção das esferas secular e religiosa, procura realizar, a partir do resgate genealógico da ética calvinista, uma investigação orientada à compreensão das lógicas presentes numa formação discursiva que se apresenta em franca expansão entre os evangélicos brasileiros, a saber, o neocalvinismo. Procurando compreender as identidades sociais em uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista, desenvolve-se, também, a partir da noção weberiana de racionalização, uma busca pelos elos estabelecidos entre a ideia calviniana de livre uso das coisas que, em si mesmas, são indiferentes (adiaphora), e a concepção agambeniana de um uso livre e gratuito do tempo e do mundo. Finalmente, tratar-se-á dos aspectos relacionados aos desenvolvimentos de uma teologia política contemporânea, tomando como ponto de partida a recepção da tradição reformada no Brasil. Portanto, a ênfase nos aspectos teórico-metodológicos da análise pós-estrutural do fenômeno religioso se dará em três níveis discursivos distintos (uma arqueologia da ética calvinista; os usos e abusos dessa mesma ética pela Teoria Social contemporânea e o neocalvinismo brasileiro), constituindo-se em um potente recurso para o estudo da ética calvinista em relação à temática mais abrangente da teologia política contemporânea.

Resumo: Este artigo tematiza as articulações entre conservadorismos, fundamentalismo protestante e democracia no Brasil. Destacam-se, numa perspectiva pós-estruturalista, três níveis distintos: (a) uma genealogia do conceito de conservadorismo; (b) uma problematização das formações discursivas neocalvinistas; (c) uma reflexão teórica acerca do lugar ocupado pela religião no espaço público brasileiro. Caminha-se primeiramente no sentido de desnaturalizar o conceito de conservadorismo, seja pela apresentação dos distintos significados assumidos pela categoria proposta, seja pela descrição dos processos ideológicos envolvidos no debate. Ao tomar como ponto de partida a política religiosa conservadora, a discussão se remete, finalmente, ao debate acerca das lógicas democráticas. A própria democracia, por sua vez, será compreendida a partir dos antagonismos inerentes ao pluralismo político e ao jogo democrático.

Introduction: Sepsis is defined as a multifactorial debilitating condition with high risks of death. The intense inflammatory response causes deleterious effects on the brain, a condition called sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Neuroinflammation or pathogen recognition are able to stress cells, resulting in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) release and P2X7 receptor activation, which is abundantly expressed in the brain. The P2X7 receptor contributes to chronic neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases; however, its function in long-term neurological impairment caused by sepsis remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the effects of P2X7 receptor activation in neuroinflammatory and behavioral changes in sepsis-surviving mice.Methods: Sepsis was induced in wild-type (WT), P2X7−/−, and BBG (Brilliant Blue G)-treated mice by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). On the thirteenth day after the surgery, the cognitive function of mice was assessed using the novel recognition object and Water T-maze tests. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, microglial and astrocytic activation markers, and cytokine production were also evaluated.Results: Initially, we observed that both WT and P2X7−/− sepsis-surviving mice showed memory impairment 13 days after surgery, once they did not differentiate between novel and familiar objects. Both groups of animals presented increased AChE activity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. However, the absence of P2X7 prevented partly this increase in the cerebral cortex. Likewise, P2X7 absence decreased ionized calcium-binding protein 1 (Iba−1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation in the cerebral cortex of sepsis-surviving animals. There was an increase in GFAP protein levels in the cerebral cortex but not in the hippocampus of both WT and P2X7−/− sepsis-surviving animals. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of P2X7 receptor attenuated the production of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10).Conclusion: The modulation of the P2X7 receptor in sepsis-surviving animals may reduce neuroinflammation and prevent cognitive impairment due to sepsis-associated encephalopathy, being considered an important therapeutic target.

Summary: Cognitive dysfunction is often reported in patients with post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, but its underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein or its fragments are released from cells during infection, reaching different tissues, including the CNS, irrespective of the presence of the viral RNA. Here, we demonstrate that brain infusion of Spike protein in mice has a late impact on cognitive function, recapitulating post-COVID-19 syndrome. We also show that neuroinflammation and hippocampal microgliosis mediate Spike-induced memory dysfunction via complement-dependent engulfment of synapses. Genetic or pharmacological blockage of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling protects animals against synapse elimination and memory dysfunction induced by Spike brain infusion. Accordingly, in a cohort of 86 patients who recovered from mild COVID-19, the genotype GG TLR4-2604G>A (rs10759931) is associated with poor cognitive outcome. These results identify TLR4 as a key target to investigate the long-term cognitive dysfunction after COVID-19 infection in humans and rodents.

Silicon has been used in several ways to improve plant growth and development, however, there are few experimental results, especially for tropical grasses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of applying calcium and magnesium silicate on the growth, structure, and herbage mass of Mombasa grass. A completely randomized design was used in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement with 4 replications and 2 duplicates for replications. The experimental treatments corresponded to two doses of silicon (1,000 and 2,000 kg/ha) and control (0 kg/ha) over 3 growth cycles. The variables evaluated were plant height, number of tillers, specific leaf area, herbage mass, leaf mass, stem mass, the mass of dead material, and root mass. The application of silicate was not able to modify the variables studied. Considering the soil studied, the application of silicate is not recommended to increase the productivity of Mombasa grass, but similar longer-term studies are needed on soils with low Ca and Mg levels.

This article will initially deal with the importance of Socio-Philosophical Studies in the context of high school teaching/learning processes, problematizing, from a broader discussion on school institutionalization, the epistemological and political issues involvedboth in the debate about the presence of disciplines such as Sociology and Philosophy in basic education as well as in the discussion on the use of methods and techniques for teaching sociological theories among students in the school system. Having as reference the experiences reported (and developed) in the scope of a discipline of Theories of Social Sciences offered by a Professional Master’s Degree, in the City of Recife (PE), we will then see how teaching sociology, in the school context, is related to the universe of research and knowledge production in Human Sciences, in general, and Social Sciences, in a specific way. Finally, we will bring the most general elements about a problematization of the challenges created by the recent curricular flexibilization in high school, regulated by Law nº 13.415 / 2017.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze pelvic floor muscular strength (PFMS), urinary (UI) and anal (AI) incontinence and dyspareunia in primiparous women up to 6 months after normal or cesarean delivery. Methods: this is a prospective cohort with 169 women (128 normal births, 41 cesarean sections), followed between 50-70 and 170-190 days postpartum, when PFMS was measured using perineometry, and UI and AI and dyspareunia, through interview. Results: PFMS, UI and dyspareunia were similar between types of delivery. The difference was significant only for the time elapsed, with improvement in the studied period (2 and 6 months postpartum). Regarding AI, there was a significant difference between 2 and 6 months postpartum, with an interaction between type of delivery and time (p=0.022). Conclusion: the type of delivery did not show any influence on pelvic floor dysfunctions, except for AI. For all outcomes, there was an improvement in the period studied.

Glyphosate and atrazine are two herbicides used worldwide to ensure high yields in different types of crops. Despite the importance of herbicides, their application may have negative effects on non-target organisms, including bacteria used in biological control and biological nitrogen fixation. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the in vitro effect of glyphosate and atrazine on the growth of bacteria Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Chromobacterium subtsugae, and Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The design used was completely randomized, and the doses of the herbicides evaluated were 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 L ha-1. The results showed that glyphosate and atrazine affected the development of the bacteria under study. Atrazine showed a lineal increasing effect between the doses used and inhibition of bacterial growth. Therefore, the dose of 4.0 L ha-1 of this herbicide was the one that showed the highest inhibition of bacteria, whereas glyphosate at a dose of 2.0 L ha-1 showed the highest inhibition of bacteria compared to doses of 1.0, 3.0 and 4.0 L ha-1.

The southeastern mesoregion of the Brazilian Pará state is an important soybean producer, and the second-crop system can increase the local agricultural production. However, Latosols with medium to very clayey texture predominate in the region and, despite being suitable for farming, they naturally have low levels of available phosphorus (P). This study aimed to evaluate the yield of second-crop cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] under doses of residual P in a Yellow-Latosol. Two experiments were installed under field conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments (residuals of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and four replications. The first experiment consisted of cultivating second-crop cowpea after the soybean harvest, with phosphate doses provided during the soybean planting, and the second of second-crop cowpea after the rice harvest, with phosphate doses provided during the rice planting. The 1,000-grain weight and production of pods, husks and grains were evaluated. The production of pods and husks were higher in the area with residual P. The highest yield was obtained in the residual dose of 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5, reaching a grain yield of 1,256 kg ha-1 after the soybean harvest and 885 kg ha-1 after the rice harvest.

Este artigo indica, sob uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista, uma possibilidade de articulação entre tópicos teológicos do calvinismo e seus desenvolvimentos posteriores, levando em conta, à luz do conceito laclauniano de articulação hegemônica, as questões engendradas nas tensas relações entre tolerância, intolerância e as lógicas autorreferenciais presentes na matriz teológica conservadora e dogmática de setores específicos do protestantismo brasileiro. Ainda, considera a viabilidade de uma releitura, desde a ótica pós-estruturalista, dos dinamismos culturais presentes nos ideais dessa nova forma de espiritualidade, com a indicação de uma alternativa ecumênica e progressista. Como a mistificação do discurso religioso protestante se baseia na ocultação, entre os fiéis reformados brasileiros, das instituições mais criativas e dinâmicas da Reforma, o texto caminha no sentido de uma “crítica imanente”, sem ignorar o destaque dado, na atualidade, à importância da gramática dos direitos humanos na consolidação de uma cultura pública secular, na dialética da secularização (e dessecularização).

The practices of soil amendment and fertilization carried out over the years have allowed the improvement of the fertility in some of them in the Brazilian soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of soybean in response to phosphate fertilization in soil with improved fertility. The research was carried out during the 2015-2016 harvest season in a dry-land area in the municipality of São Desidério, Bahia. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replicates. Treatments were composed by doses of phosphate fertilizer (0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg P2O5 ha-1). The following variables were evaluated: plant height, height of insertion of the first pod, number of stems per plant, number of pods per plant, thousand grain weight, productivity, and the analysis of macro and micronutrients in the leaf. Soybean plants did not respond to phosphorus applied to soil with built fertility. Under the conditions of this study, phosphorus fertilization in soil with improved fertility did not promote productivity. Although the plants did not respond to foliar macro and micronutrients as a function of phosphate fertilization, there was no reduction of these in response to high doses.

Trata-se de uma discussão elaborada a partir da apresentação dos resultados parciais da pesquisa “Religião, Gênero e Habilidades Sociais”, projeto em execução no âmbito da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (PE) e que se insere nos estudos da temática de gênero e do fenômeno religioso co]/ ]/~ç;~ç;/ntemporâneo, de um lado, e no interesse sociológico pela relação entre religião e “esfera pública”, de outro. Comparando grupos evangélicos distintos e expressivos de 3 (três) capitais brasileiras (Recife, Vitória e Rio de Janeiro), busca-se verificar – em contextos religiosos específicos e de modo interdisciplinar – em que medida a diversidade de configurações discursivo-teológicas presentes no protestantismo brasileiro de origem missionária e pentecostal dialogam (ou não) com as políticas públicas e culturais (ou mesmo iniciativas da sociedade civil) de enfrentamento ao “sexismo”, ao racismo e à intolerância religiosa. Reportando-me, no plano teórico, aos conceitos vinculados ao pós-estruturalismo feminista e aos aportes teóricos pós-coloniais e da “teoria do discurso” em chave marxista e “pós-marxista”, apresento uma contribuição teórico-analítica pautada nos processos discursivos da vida social.

Improper soil use leads to inefficient exploitation of natural resources, destruction of land resources, poverty and other social problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was execute a survey and soil classification of an area under pasture in a farm in southern Tocantins. The area was divided according to the existing soil spots to perform the soil classification following the methodology of the Brazilian System of Soil Classification and its agricultural potential. At the studied area were found four soil classes, which were studied and classified as Plintossolo Argilúvico Distrófico petroplíntico, Cambissolo Háplico Tb Eutrófico, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico típico and Gleissolo Melânico Ta Eutrófico with agricultural potential in the subgroups 1(a)bC, 4P, 1aBC and 3(bc), respectively. The terrain was underutilized, being used for pasture cultivation, at the same time it could be used for cultivation of annual plants.

Este artigo pretende ser uma reflexão acerca da construção social da (des) politização dos jovens. A partir de uma perspectiva pós-estruturalista, problematiza os métodos empregados em pesquisas que tentam, de alguma forma, medir o grau de envolvimento das juventudes com a política e defende que categorias genéricas como juventudes, cidadania e participação política são constructos sociais e discursivos. Em segundo plano, defende-se que o ensino de Sociologia no ensino médio, compreendido como discurso de mediação capaz de fornecer aos jovens estudantes do ensino médio os subsídios teóricos e metodológicos adequados à compreensão sociológica dos fenômenos sociais, pode contribuir de modo significativo na compreensão do fenômeno da política e, também, sobre questões que podem ter implicações diretas na experiência dos jovens com a política. Nessa direção, destaca-se a necessidade de, a partir da imaginação sociológica, viabilizar as condições para uma crítica dos meios de comunicação em massa e para uma compreensão acerca da construção histórica e discursiva das categorias envolvidas. Do pondo de vista social, é preciso fornecer aos jovens estudantes do ensino médio, a possibilidade de compreender como e em que sentido esses atores são interpelados por vários gêneros discursivos que precisam ser interpelados pelos próprios sujeitos aos quais se destina.

An altered form of the cellular prion protein, the PrPScor PrPRes, is implicated in the occurrence of the still untreatable transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. We have previously synthesized and characterized aromatic compounds that inhibit protease-resistant prion protein (PrPRes) accumulation in scrapie-infected cells. These compounds belong to different chemical classes, including acylhydrazones, chalcones and oxadiazoles. Some of the active compounds were non-toxic to neuroblastoma cells in culture and seem to possess drugable properties, since they are in agreement with the Lipinski´s rule of 5 and present desirable pharmacokinetic profiles as predicted in silico. Before the evaluation of the in vivo efficacy of the aromatic compounds in scrapie-infected mice, safety assessment in healthy mice is needed. Here we used Swiss mice to evaluate the acute toxicity profile of the six most promising anti-prionic compounds, the 2,4,5-trimethoxychalcones (J1, J8, J20 and J35) and the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (Y13 and Y17). One single oral administration (300 mg/kg) of J1, J8, J20, J35, Y13 and Y17 or repeated intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks) of J1, J8 and J35, did not elicit toxicity in mice. We strongly believe that the investigated trimethoxychalcones and oxadiazoles are interesting compounds to be further analyzed in vivo against prion diseases.

This study aimed to evaluate the growth, production, and leaf contents of macronutrients, as well as the yield of forage sorghum cultivated on the alleys of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.) and Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization. The experiment was conducted in two different periods: During the 2016/2017 double crop (cultivation carried out at the end of the crop cycle) and during the 2017/2018 crop (cultivation carried out at the beginning of the crop cycle). A randomized block design, in which the first factor refers to cultivation systems (single sorghum, sorghum cultivated in Gliricidia alleys, and sorghum cultivated in Leucaena alleys) and the second factor refers to mineral fertilization (presence and absence of fertilization), in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was used. The leguminous plants were cut, and the residues were deposited in the alleys. The cultivation in alleys without mineral fertilization increased total forage biomass when compared to the single crop cultivation. Cultivation in Leucaena alleys showed a higher leaf content of nitrogen (N) when compared to the single crop, both in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization. In the double crop, sorghum cultivated in Leucaena alleys without fertilization presented a higher forage yield (up to 67%) when compared to the single crop system. However, there was no difference in yield when mineral fertilization was applied to the treatments. Overall, the alley crops were able to increase the morphological (plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), panicle diameter (PD), and panicle length (PL) and yield (leaf dry mass (LDM), stem dry mass (SDM), total green mass (TGM), and total dry mass TDM) variables of the crop, improving the productivity of forage sorghum.

ABSTRACT Using biological inputs to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers represents an alternative for the cultivation of grasses in tropical regions. Azospirillum brasilense is a species of plant growth promoting bacteria widely studied and used in inoculants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of Mombasa grass ( Megathyrsus maximus ) in association with A. brasilense and nitrogen (N) fertilization. The study was conducted under field conditions in Araguaína-Tocantins State, between December 2017 and May 2018. The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with five doses of N fertilization (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1) combined with two inoculation treatments (inoculated and non inoculated), in four replicates. For the number of tillers and root production, the inoculation efficiency varied as a function of the supplied N doses. However, the percentage of leaf N was higher for inoculated plants regardless of the application of nitrogen. In the absence of nitrogen fertilization, it was possible to increase forage production by up to 36 % with inoculation.

Co‐inoculation of soybean with plant growth‐promoting microorganisms has the potential to increase yield, and the Amazon is a biome rich in these beneficial microorganisms. Soybean is the most important grain crop in Brazil and is highly benefited by inoculation with Bradyrhizobium spp. strains, both of which represent exotic symbiotic partners. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soybean co‐inoculation with Amazonian strains of Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted during the 2020 and 2021 crop seasons in Brazil, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized in the greenhouse, and randomized blocks were used in the field, both with 3 × 2 factorial schemes. Standard inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and co‐inoculation with T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens was considered the first factor, and the second factor was represented by phosphate fertilization (0 and 100 kg ha−1 of P2O5). The root system volumes were 25% and 17% higher than those of the standard inoculation with T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens, respectively. In 2020, co‐inoculation with T. asperellum increased yield by 15%, plant height by 27%, and net profit by up to 121 USD compared with standard inoculation. In 2021, co‐inoculation with T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens resulted in increases in several growth parameters compared to those with standard inoculation, including 7% and 13% greater yields, and 159 USD and 309 USD increases in net profit, respectively. Our results indicate the possibility of expanding soybean co‐inoculation with local strains of Bacillus and Trichoderma, with benefits for productivity and profitability. Core Ideas: It is possible to expand the co‐inoculation of soybean with other microorganisms.Regionalized strains can benefit soybean productivity and profitability.Amazonian strains in soybean co‐inoculation promote increased root volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]