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9. Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020

Author

Otosaka, Inès N., Shepherd, Andrew, Ivins, Erik R., Schlegel, Nicole Jeanne, Amory, Charles, Van Den Broeke, Michiel R., Horwath, Martin, Joughin, Ian, King, Michalea D., Krinner, Gerhard, Nowicki, Sophie, Payne, Anthony J., Rignot, Eric, Scambos, Ted, Simon, Karen M., Smith, Benjamin E., Sørensen, Louise S., Velicogna, Isabella, Whitehouse, Pippa L., Geruo, A., Agosta, Cécile, Ahlstrøm, Andreas P., Blazquez, Alejandro, Colgan, William, Engdahl, Marcus E., Fettweis, Xavier, Forsberg, Rene, Gallée, Hubert, Gardner, Alex, Gilbert, Lin, Gourmelen, Noel, Groh, Andreas, Gunter, Brian C., Harig, Christopher, Helm, Veit, Khan, Shfaqat Abbas, Kittel, Christoph, Konrad, Hannes, Langen, Peter L., Lecavalier, Benoit S., Liang, Chia Chun, Loomis, Bryant D., McMillan, Malcolm, Melini, Daniele, Mernild, Sebastian H., Mottram, Ruth, Mouginot, Jeremie, Nilsson, Johan, Noël, Brice, Pattle, Mark E., Peltier, William R., Pie, Nadege, Roca, Mònica, Sasgen, Ingo, Save, Himanshu V., Seo, Ki Weon, Scheuchl, Bernd, Schrama, Ernst J.O., Schröder, Ludwig, Simonsen, Sebastian B., Slater, Thomas, Spada, Giorgio, Sutterley, Tyler C., Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt, Van Wessem, Jan Melchior, Wiese, David, Van Der Wal, Wouter, Wouters, Bert, Otosaka, Inès N., Shepherd, Andrew, Ivins, Erik R., Schlegel, Nicole Jeanne, Amory, Charles, Van Den Broeke, Michiel R., Horwath, Martin, Joughin, Ian, King, Michalea D., Krinner, Gerhard, Nowicki, Sophie, Payne, Anthony J., Rignot, Eric, Scambos, Ted, Simon, Karen M., Smith, Benjamin E., Sørensen, Louise S., Velicogna, Isabella, Whitehouse, Pippa L., Geruo, A., Agosta, Cécile, Ahlstrøm, Andreas P., Blazquez, Alejandro, Colgan, William, Engdahl, Marcus E., Fettweis, Xavier, Forsberg, Rene, Gallée, Hubert, Gardner, Alex, Gilbert, Lin, Gourmelen, Noel, Groh, Andreas, Gunter, Brian C., Harig, Christopher, Helm, Veit, Khan, Shfaqat Abbas, Kittel, Christoph, Konrad, Hannes, Langen, Peter L., Lecavalier, Benoit S., Liang, Chia Chun, Loomis, Bryant D., McMillan, Malcolm, Melini, Daniele, Mernild, Sebastian H., Mottram, Ruth, Mouginot, Jeremie, Nilsson, Johan, Noël, Brice, Pattle, Mark E., Peltier, William R., Pie, Nadege, Roca, Mònica, Sasgen, Ingo, Save, Himanshu V., Seo, Ki Weon, Scheuchl, Bernd, Schrama, Ernst J.O., Schröder, Ludwig, Simonsen, Sebastian B., Slater, Thomas, Spada, Giorgio, Sutterley, Tyler C., Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt, Van Wessem, Jan Melchior, Wiese, David, Van Der Wal, Wouter, and Wouters, Bert

Abstract

Ice losses from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have accelerated since the 1990s, accounting for a significant increase in the global mean sea level. Here, we present a new 29-year record of ice sheet mass balance from 1992 to 2020 from the Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE). We compare and combine 50 independent estimates of ice sheet mass balance derived from satellite observations of temporal changes in ice sheet flow, in ice sheet volume, and in Earth's gravity field. Between 1992 and 2020, the ice sheets contributed 21.0±1.9g€¯mm to global mean sea level, with the rate of mass loss rising from 105g€¯Gtg€¯yr-1 between 1992 and 1996 to 372g€¯Gtg€¯yr-1 between 2016 and 2020. In Greenland, the rate of mass loss is 169±9g€¯Gtg€¯yr-1 between 1992 and 2020, but there are large inter-annual variations in mass balance, with mass loss ranging from 86g€¯Gtg€¯yr-1 in 2017 to 444g€¯Gtg€¯yr-1 in 2019 due to large variability in surface mass balance. In Antarctica, ice losses continue to be dominated by mass loss from West Antarctica (82±9g€¯Gtg€¯yr-1) and, to a lesser extent, from the Antarctic Peninsula (13±5g€¯Gtg€¯yr-1). East Antarctica remains close to a state of balance, with a small gain of 3±15g€¯Gtg€¯yr-1, but is the most uncertain component of Antarctica's mass balance. The dataset is publicly available at 10.5285/77B64C55-7166-4A06-9DEF-2E400398E452 (IMBIE Team, 2021).

Published
2023

10. Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020

Author

Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Structural geology and EM, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Otosaka, Inès N., Shepherd, Andrew, Ivins, Erik R., Schlegel, Nicole Jeanne, Amory, Charles, Van Den Broeke, Michiel R., Horwath, Martin, Joughin, Ian, King, Michalea D., Krinner, Gerhard, Nowicki, Sophie, Payne, Anthony J., Rignot, Eric, Scambos, Ted, Simon, Karen M., Smith, Benjamin E., Sørensen, Louise S., Velicogna, Isabella, Whitehouse, Pippa L., Geruo, A., Agosta, Cécile, Ahlstrøm, Andreas P., Blazquez, Alejandro, Colgan, William, Engdahl, Marcus E., Fettweis, Xavier, Forsberg, Rene, Gallée, Hubert, Gardner, Alex, Gilbert, Lin, Gourmelen, Noel, Groh, Andreas, Gunter, Brian C., Harig, Christopher, Helm, Veit, Khan, Shfaqat Abbas, Kittel, Christoph, Konrad, Hannes, Langen, Peter L., Lecavalier, Benoit S., Liang, Chia Chun, Loomis, Bryant D., McMillan, Malcolm, Melini, Daniele, Mernild, Sebastian H., Mottram, Ruth, Mouginot, Jeremie, Nilsson, Johan, Noël, Brice, Pattle, Mark E., Peltier, William R., Pie, Nadege, Roca, Mònica, Sasgen, Ingo, Save, Himanshu V., Seo, Ki Weon, Scheuchl, Bernd, Schrama, Ernst J.O., Schröder, Ludwig, Simonsen, Sebastian B., Slater, Thomas, Spada, Giorgio, Sutterley, Tyler C., Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt, Van Wessem, Jan Melchior, Wiese, David, Van Der Wal, Wouter, Wouters, Bert, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Structural geology and EM, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Otosaka, Inès N., Shepherd, Andrew, Ivins, Erik R., Schlegel, Nicole Jeanne, Amory, Charles, Van Den Broeke, Michiel R., Horwath, Martin, Joughin, Ian, King, Michalea D., Krinner, Gerhard, Nowicki, Sophie, Payne, Anthony J., Rignot, Eric, Scambos, Ted, Simon, Karen M., Smith, Benjamin E., Sørensen, Louise S., Velicogna, Isabella, Whitehouse, Pippa L., Geruo, A., Agosta, Cécile, Ahlstrøm, Andreas P., Blazquez, Alejandro, Colgan, William, Engdahl, Marcus E., Fettweis, Xavier, Forsberg, Rene, Gallée, Hubert, Gardner, Alex, Gilbert, Lin, Gourmelen, Noel, Groh, Andreas, Gunter, Brian C., Harig, Christopher, Helm, Veit, Khan, Shfaqat Abbas, Kittel, Christoph, Konrad, Hannes, Langen, Peter L., Lecavalier, Benoit S., Liang, Chia Chun, Loomis, Bryant D., McMillan, Malcolm, Melini, Daniele, Mernild, Sebastian H., Mottram, Ruth, Mouginot, Jeremie, Nilsson, Johan, Noël, Brice, Pattle, Mark E., Peltier, William R., Pie, Nadege, Roca, Mònica, Sasgen, Ingo, Save, Himanshu V., Seo, Ki Weon, Scheuchl, Bernd, Schrama, Ernst J.O., Schröder, Ludwig, Simonsen, Sebastian B., Slater, Thomas, Spada, Giorgio, Sutterley, Tyler C., Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt, Van Wessem, Jan Melchior, Wiese, David, Van Der Wal, Wouter, and Wouters, Bert

Published
2023

11. Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020

Author

Otosaka, Inès N., primary, Shepherd, Andrew, additional, Ivins, Erik R., additional, Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne, additional, Amory, Charles, additional, van den Broeke, Michiel R., additional, Horwath, Martin, additional, Joughin, Ian, additional, King, Michalea D., additional, Krinner, Gerhard, additional, Nowicki, Sophie, additional, Payne, Anthony J., additional, Rignot, Eric, additional, Scambos, Ted, additional, Simon, Karen M., additional, Smith, Benjamin E., additional, Sørensen, Louise S., additional, Velicogna, Isabella, additional, Whitehouse, Pippa L., additional, A, Geruo, additional, Agosta, Cécile, additional, Ahlstrøm, Andreas P., additional, Blazquez, Alejandro, additional, Colgan, William, additional, Engdahl, Marcus E., additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Forsberg, Rene, additional, Gallée, Hubert, additional, Gardner, Alex, additional, Gilbert, Lin, additional, Gourmelen, Noel, additional, Groh, Andreas, additional, Gunter, Brian C., additional, Harig, Christopher, additional, Helm, Veit, additional, Khan, Shfaqat Abbas, additional, Kittel, Christoph, additional, Konrad, Hannes, additional, Langen, Peter L., additional, Lecavalier, Benoit S., additional, Liang, Chia-Chun, additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, McMillan, Malcolm, additional, Melini, Daniele, additional, Mernild, Sebastian H., additional, Mottram, Ruth, additional, Mouginot, Jeremie, additional, Nilsson, Johan, additional, Noël, Brice, additional, Pattle, Mark E., additional, Peltier, William R., additional, Pie, Nadege, additional, Roca, Mònica, additional, Sasgen, Ingo, additional, Save, Himanshu V., additional, Seo, Ki-Weon, additional, Scheuchl, Bernd, additional, Schrama, Ernst J. O., additional, Schröder, Ludwig, additional, Simonsen, Sebastian B., additional, Slater, Thomas, additional, Spada, Giorgio, additional, Sutterley, Tyler C., additional, Vishwakarma, Bramha Dutt, additional, van Wessem, Jan Melchior, additional, Wiese, David, additional, van der Wal, Wouter, additional, and Wouters, Bert, additional

Published
2023
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15. 12 years of Cryosat-2 range,datation and interferometer calibration with Transponder

Author

Flores de la Cruz, Adrián, Garcia-Mondéjar, Albert, Bouffard, Jerome, Di Bella, Alessandro, Roca, Mònica, and Fornari, Marco

Abstract

The CryoSat-2 mission is designed to determine fluctuations in the mass of the Earth’s land and the marine ice fields. Its primary payload is a radar altimeter that operates in different modes optimised depending on the kind of surface: Low resolution mode (LRM), SAR mode (SAR) and SAR interferometric mode (SARIn). This instrument is named SIRAL: SAR Interferometric Radar Altimeter. Transponders are commonly used to calibrate absolute range from conventional altimeter waveforms because of its characteristic point target radar reflection. The waveforms corresponding to the transponder distinguish themselves from the other waveforms resulting from natural targets, in power and shape. ESA has deployed a transponder available for the CryoSat-2 project (a refurbished ESA transponder developed for the ERS-1 altimeter calibration). It is deployed at the KSAT Svalbard station: SvalSAT. Another transponder was deployed in Greece Technical University of Crete for the Sentinel-3 calibration, and later moved to West Crete in a permanent position. A new transponder is located in Gavdos, in another island close to Crete, and was deployed during the Commissioning phase of Sentinel-6. We are using these transponders to calibrate SIRAL’s range, datation, and interferometric baseline (or angle of arrival) to meet the mission requirements. In these calibrations, we are using three different types of data: raw Full Bit Rate data, stack beams before they are multi-looked (stack data) in the Level 1B processor, and the Level 1B data itself. Ideally the comparison between (a) the theoretical value provided by the well-known target, and (b) the measurement by the instrument to be calibrated provides us with the error that the instrument is introducing when performing its measurement. When this error can be assumed to be constant regardless the conditions, it will provide the bias of the instrument. And if measurements can be repeated after a certain period of time, an indication of the instrument drift can also be provided.

Published
2022
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16. Coastal Processing from the Copernicus Altimeters: the CORS processor outcomes

Author

Garcia, Pablo, Granados, Alba, Roca, Mònica, and Federico, Segarra

Abstract

The Copernicus constellation has today 3 altimeters in flight, the two Sentinel-3, A & B, and the most recent altimetric mission Sentinel-6, as a continuation of a long historical series. All of them are operating the new standard Synthetic Aperture Radar mode, enabling for the first time an enhanced resolution sea surface monitoring over the global Ocean (CryoSat-2 was operating in SAR / SARin only over dedicated areas). Coastal zones are crucial for the human development, and the characterisation of the ocean processes near to the coast is a must. The sea level rise is one of the most pressing climate change impacts, and although it is driven by global ocean forcing, refining this variable, along with sub-mesoscale ocean dynamics in the last 10 km to the coast, is still a challenge in the altimetry field. Dedicated processing evolutions are needed for these areas when using altimetry data to derive the geophysical retrievals Sea Surface Height (SSH) and Significant Wave Height (SWH). The contribution of undesired targets is to be addressed and the retracking process is to be adapted. This has been the goal of this study, developed over the recent years, refining the processing steps of an algorithm that has been designed, implemented, and validated over a variety of complex coastal topography areas and different sea states. The validation outcomes give a consistent SSH noise reduction of around 50% over different validation areas, such as the Mediterranean Sea. In the other hand, Power Spectral Density (PSD) studies show a better (denoised) SWH PSD over the full range of wavelengths from the largest (real geophysical signal) to the smallest scales (measurements noise). The SSH median bias between the ocean and coastal isardSAT retracking outputs is about 5 mm, while the SWH median bias is about 10 cm. SAR mode data from the 3 Copernicus altimeters is used for this investigation. The coastal processing is focussed at filtering out as much as possible the sea surface signal contamination, with the minimum degradation of the sea surface scientific information. This specific processing comes from the idea explained at (Garcia et al.,2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2018.03.015) using CryoSat-2 SARin data, adapted to Copernicus altimeters SAR data. isardSAT has developed this study as ESA Expert Support Laboratory within the Sentinel-3A Mission Performance Centre team and within the CORS (Coastal Ocean Retracking for Sentinels) project as contribution to the Sentinel-6 Validation Team.

Published
2022
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18. The Roles of the S3MPC: Monitoring, Validation and Evolution of Sentinel-3 Altimetry Observations

Author

Quartly, Graham D., primary, Nencioli, Francesco, additional, Raynal, Matthias, additional, Bonnefond, Pascal, additional, Nilo Garcia, Pablo, additional, Garcia-Mondéjar, Albert, additional, Flores de la Cruz, Adrián, additional, Crétaux, Jean-Francois, additional, Taburet, Nicolas, additional, Frery, Marie-Laure, additional, Cancet, Mathilde, additional, Muir, Alan, additional, Brockley, David, additional, McMillan, Malcolm, additional, Abdalla, Saleh, additional, Fleury, Sara, additional, Cadier, Emeline, additional, Gao, Qi, additional, Escorihuela, Maria Jose, additional, Roca, Mònica, additional, Bergé-Nguyen, Muriel, additional, Laurain, Olivier, additional, Bruniquel, Jérôme, additional, Féménias, Pierre, additional, and Lucas, Bruno, additional

Published
2020
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19. Multi surface retracker for swath processing of interferometric radar altimetry

Author

Garcia-Mondéjar, Albert, Gourmelen, Noel, José Escorihuela, Maria, Roca, Mònica, Shepherd, Andrew, and Plummer, Stephen

Abstract

Swath mode processing of CryoSat-2 Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometric (SARIn) mode has been used to monitor elevation of areas with complex topography such as over ice sheet and ice cap margins. Swath processing relies on an accurate measure of the angle of arrival of the measured echo and, therefore, requires custom strategies in order to resolve the ambiguous phase measurement. In mountainous regions of complex terrain, it may be necessary to apply different phase ambiguities across a waveform record when returns come from different scatters distributed perpendicularly to the CryoSat-2 ground tracks. In this letter, we present modifications to the conventional swath processing method whereby a multisurface retracker is first applied to the record in order to identify potential different scattering surfaces. Phase ambiguity is then independently resolved for each of these subsurfaces. The improvements with this new method over the Karakoram glaciers are a 10% increase in the number of measurements with improvements of almost 50% for individual glaciers and a reduction in the median absolute deviation of the elevations from 20.18 to 14.69 m.

Published
2019

20. The roles of the S3MPC : Monitoring, validation and evolution of sentinel-3 altimetry observations

Author

Quartly, Graham D., Nencioli, Francesco, Raynal, Matthias, Bonnefond, Pascal, Garcia, Pablo Nilo, Garcia-Mondéjar, Albert, de la Cruz, Adrian Flores, Cretaux, Jean Francois, Taburet, Nicolas, Frery, Marie Laure, Cancet, Mathilde, Muir, Alan, Brockley, David, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Abdalla, Saleh, Fleury, Sara, Cadier, Emeline, Gao, Qi, Escorihuela, Maria Jose, Roca, Mònica, Bergé-Nguyen, Muriel, Laurain, Olivier, Bruniquel, Jerome, Femenias, Pierre, Lucas, Bruno, Quartly, Graham D., Nencioli, Francesco, Raynal, Matthias, Bonnefond, Pascal, Garcia, Pablo Nilo, Garcia-Mondéjar, Albert, de la Cruz, Adrian Flores, Cretaux, Jean Francois, Taburet, Nicolas, Frery, Marie Laure, Cancet, Mathilde, Muir, Alan, Brockley, David, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Abdalla, Saleh, Fleury, Sara, Cadier, Emeline, Gao, Qi, Escorihuela, Maria Jose, Roca, Mònica, Bergé-Nguyen, Muriel, Laurain, Olivier, Bruniquel, Jerome, Femenias, Pierre, and Lucas, Bruno

Abstract

The Sentinel-3 Mission Performance Centre (S3MPC) is tasked by the European Space Agency (ESA) to monitor the health of the Copernicus Sentinel-3 satellites and ensure a high data quality to the users. This paper deals exclusively with the effort devoted to the altimeter and microwave radiometer, both components of the Surface Topography Mission (STM). The altimeters on Sentinel-3A and-3B are the first to operate in delay-Doppler or SAR mode over all Earth surfaces, which enables better spatial resolution of the signal in the along-track direction and improved noise reduction through multi-looking, whilst the radiometer is a two-channel nadir-viewing system. There are regular routine assessments of the instruments through investigation of telemetered housekeeping data, calibrations over selected sites and comparisons of geophysical retrievals with models, in situ data and other satellite systems. These are performed both to monitor the daily production, assessing the uncertainties and errors on the estimates, and also to characterize the long-term performance for climate science applications. This is critical because an undetected drift in performance could be misconstrued as a climate variation. As the data are used by the Copernicus Services (e.g., CMEMS, Global Land Monitoring Services) and by the research community over open ocean, coastal waters, sea ice, land ice, rivers and lakes, the validation activities encompass all these domains, with regular reports openly available. The S3MPC is also in charge of preparing improvements to the processing, and of the development and tuning of algorithms to improve their accuracy. This paper is thus the first refereed publication to bring together the analysis of SAR altimetry across all these different domains to highlight the benefits and existing challenges.

Published
2020

21. The roles of the S3MPC:Monitoring, validation and evolution of sentinel-3 altimetry observations

Author

Quartly, Graham D., Nencioli, Francesco, Raynal, Matthias, Bonnefond, Pascal, Garcia, Pablo Nilo, Garcia-Mondéjar, Albert, de la Cruz, Adrian Flores, Cretaux, Jean Francois, Taburet, Nicolas, Frery, Marie Laure, Cancet, Mathilde, Muir, Alan, Brockley, David, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Abdalla, Saleh, Fleury, Sara, Cadier, Emeline, Gao, Qi, Escorihuela, Maria Jose, Roca, Mònica, Bergé-Nguyen, Muriel, Laurain, Olivier, Bruniquel, Jerome, Femenias, Pierre, Lucas, Bruno, Quartly, Graham D., Nencioli, Francesco, Raynal, Matthias, Bonnefond, Pascal, Garcia, Pablo Nilo, Garcia-Mondéjar, Albert, de la Cruz, Adrian Flores, Cretaux, Jean Francois, Taburet, Nicolas, Frery, Marie Laure, Cancet, Mathilde, Muir, Alan, Brockley, David, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Abdalla, Saleh, Fleury, Sara, Cadier, Emeline, Gao, Qi, Escorihuela, Maria Jose, Roca, Mònica, Bergé-Nguyen, Muriel, Laurain, Olivier, Bruniquel, Jerome, Femenias, Pierre, and Lucas, Bruno

Abstract

The Sentinel-3 Mission Performance Centre (S3MPC) is tasked by the European Space Agency (ESA) to monitor the health of the Copernicus Sentinel-3 satellites and ensure a high data quality to the users. This paper deals exclusively with the effort devoted to the altimeter and microwave radiometer, both components of the Surface Topography Mission (STM). The altimeters on Sentinel-3A and-3B are the first to operate in delay-Doppler or SAR mode over all Earth surfaces, which enables better spatial resolution of the signal in the along-track direction and improved noise reduction through multi-looking, whilst the radiometer is a two-channel nadir-viewing system. There are regular routine assessments of the instruments through investigation of telemetered housekeeping data, calibrations over selected sites and comparisons of geophysical retrievals with models, in situ data and other satellite systems. These are performed both to monitor the daily production, assessing the uncertainties and errors on the estimates, and also to characterize the long-term performance for climate science applications. This is critical because an undetected drift in performance could be misconstrued as a climate variation. As the data are used by the Copernicus Services (e.g., CMEMS, Global Land Monitoring Services) and by the research community over open ocean, coastal waters, sea ice, land ice, rivers and lakes, the validation activities encompass all these domains, with regular reports openly available. The S3MPC is also in charge of preparing improvements to the processing, and of the development and tuning of algorithms to improve their accuracy. This paper is thus the first refereed publication to bring together the analysis of SAR altimetry across all these different domains to highlight the benefits and existing challenges.

Published
2020

22. Improved Retrieval Methods for Sentinel-3 SAR Altimetry over Coastal and Open Ocean and recommendations for implementation: ESA SCOOP Project Results

Author

Cotton, David, primary, Moreau, Thomas, additional, Roca, Mònica, additional, Gommenginger, Christine, additional, Cancet, Mathilde, additional, Fenoglio-Marc, Luciana, additional, Naeije, Marc, additional, Fernandes, M Joana, additional, Shaw, Andrew, additional, Restano, Marco, additional, Ambrosio, Americo, additional, and Benveniste, Jérôme, additional

Published
2020
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25. Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler altimetry over Antarctica

Author

McMillan, Malcolm, primary, Muir, Alan, additional, Shepherd, Andrew, additional, Escolà, Roger, additional, Roca, Mònica, additional, Aublanc, Jérémie, additional, Thibaut, Pierre, additional, Restano, Marco, additional, Ambrozio, Américo, additional, and Benveniste, Jérôme, additional

Published
2019
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27. Sentinel-3 Delay-Doppler Altimetry over Antarctica

Author

McMillan, Malcolm, primary, Muir, Alan, additional, Shepherd, Andrew, additional, Escolà, Roger, additional, Roca, Mònica, additional, Aublanc, Jérémie, additional, Thibaut, Pierre, additional, Restano, Marco, additional, Ambrozio, Américo, additional, and Benveniste, Jérôme, additional

Published
2018
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29. Ensuring that the Sentinel-3A altimeter provides climate-quality data

Author

Quartly, Graham, primary, Nencioli, Francesco, primary, Labroue, Sylvie, primary, Femenias, Pierre, primary, Scharroo, Remko, primary, Abdalla, Saleh, primary, Bonnefond, Pascal, primary, Cancet, Mathilde, primary, Frery, Marie-laure, primary, Raynal, Matthias, primary, Baker, Steven, primary, Muir, Alan, primary, Brockley, David, primary, Shepherd, Andrew, primary, Garcia, Pablo, primary, Roca, Mònica, primary, Calmant, Stéphane, primary, and Cretaux, Jean-Francois, primary

Published
2017
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33. The EnviSat RA-2 Instrument Design and Tracking Performance.

Author

Roca, Mònica, Laxon, Seymour, and Zelli, Carlo

Subjects
*ARTIFICIAL satellites, *REMOTE sensing, *ALTIMETERS, *ALGORITHMS, *RADAR
Abstract

The EnviSat satellite embarks an innovative radar altimeter, the RA-2 which represents a new generation of radar altimeters compared to previous instruments such as the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) altimeters and The Ocean Topography Experiment/Poseidon. This is due to its integration of many new features. In particular, the RA-2 is the first satellite altimeter to incorporate autonomous resolution selection and a model-free tracker. The behavior of the instrument in orbit is controlled by onboard algorithms which determine the instrument logic, and a list of onboard parameters which control when switches in resolution occur. This logic and the choice of these parameters have a strong influence on the tracking performance. This paper describes the operation of the RA-2 onboard tracker and the resolution selection logic. We provide a detailed description of the algorithm and its configuration parameters after optimization during the EnviSat Commissioning Phase. Finally, we show the tracking performance, in particular compared to the ones of the ERS-2 altimeter, over different types of surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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36. Broadview Radar Altimetry Toolbox.

Author

Benveniste, Jérôme, Garcia-Mondejar, Albert, Escolà, Roger, Moyano, Gorka, Roca, Mònica, Terra-Homem, Miguel, Friaças, Ana, Martinho, Fernando, Schrama, Ernst, Naeije, Marc, Restano, Marco, and Ambrózio, Américo

Published
2018

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