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11. Silicon in Pre-sprouted Sugarcane Seedlings Mitigates the Effects of Water Deficit After Transplanting

Author

Teixeira, Gelza Carliane Marques, de Mello Prado, Renato, Rocha, Antonio Márcio Souza, dos Santos, Luiz Cláudio Nascimento, dos Santos Sarah, Marcilene Machado, Gratão, Priscila Lupino, and Fernandes, Carolina

Abstract

This study is aimed at assessing whether silicon (Si) can mitigate the effects caused by water stress in pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) in sugarcane after their transplanting in the soil and what is the best form in the application if via nutrient solution or leaf spraying. The treatments were arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme with silicon supply via nutrient solution (2 mmol L−1), Si via leaf application (3.4 mmol L−1), and without Si (control) and three levels of soil water retention capacity (70%, 50%, and 30%), for 30 days. In the absence of Si, the water deficit was damaging to the physiological, growth, and dry matter production variables of plants, in a 30% level of soil water retention capacity. Silicon supply via nutrient solution was more efficient when compared with Si via leaf spraying in the formation of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings in the first 30 days after transplanting, since it increased the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, chlorophyll content, leaf water potential, and water content, decreased cell electrolyte leakage and free proline content, and allowed a higher growth and biomass production. In conclusion, the supply of Si via nutrient solution in pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings can be considered a feasible alternative to alleviate water deficit damage imposed after transplanting, in a 30% level of soil water retention capacity.

Published
2024
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13. The adequate dose of Mo required for soybean seed treatment is low when associated with Cu, Mn, and Zn compared to its association with Co and Ni, although increasing the risk of toxicity.

Author

Teixeira, Gelza Carliane Marques, Prado, Renato de Mello, Rocha, Antonio Márcio Souza, Silva, José Lucas Farias da, Lata-Tenesaca, Luis Felipe, and Dias, Marcos Altomani Neves

Subjects
COPPER, SEED treatment, NITROGEN fixation, SOYBEAN, PHENOLS
Abstract

The seed treatment with Mo associated with other elements, such as Ni and Co, and with micronutrients, such as Cu, Mn, and Zn, has been highlighted. The use of these associations can affect the adequate dose of Mo and the risk of toxicity. This study aimed to determine whether the optimal and the toxic dose of Mo can be affected by the accompanying elements of the group Co and Ni in relation to Cu, Mn, and Zn for the treatment of soybean seeds. Two experiments were carried out. The treatments in experiment I consisted of five doses of a product containing Mo, Co, and Ni at the concentrations of 0, 30-, 60-, 90-, and 120-mL ha−1. In experiment II, the treatments consisted of five doses of a product containing Mo, Cu, Mn, and Zn at the concentrations of 0, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 400-mL ha−1. The optimal dose of Mo was low (6.7 g ha−1) when applied along with Cu, Mn, and Zn as accompanying elements in relation to Co and Ni (17.5 g ha−1 of Mo). Application of the optimal dose provided an increase in N accumulation and in the chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds, decreasing the extravasation of electrolytes and increasing photosynthetic efficiency, dry matter, and yield. Mo toxicity was more severe with Cu, Mn, and Zn as accompanying elements, already occurring at the low dose of 18.9 g ha−1 Mo, which is much lower when Mo is associated with Co and Ni (32 g ha−1 Mo). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Silicon as a Sustainable Option to Increase Biomass With Less Water by Inducing Carbon:Nitrogen:Phosphorus Stoichiometric Homeostasis in Sugarcane and Energy Cane

Author

Teixeira, Gelza Carliane Marques, de Mello Prado, Renato, Rocha, Antonio Márcio Souza, and de Cássia Piccolo, Marisa

Subjects
food and beverages, Plant Science
Abstract

Climate change has prolonged periods of water deficit in sugarcane and energy cane crops. This condition induces an imbalance of the carbon (C): nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) stoichiometric homeostasis, impairing accumulated nutrients from being converted into biomass. Silicon (Si) supplementation can mitigate the damage caused by water deficit in plants by improving the C:N:P balance, increasing C, N, and P use efficiencies and the biomass conversion, and reducing climate change effects on crops. This study assesses the beneficial effects of Si applied through fertigation associated with foliar spraying on the alleviation of damage caused by severe water deficit in sugarcane and energy cane for intermediate and long periods. In addition, the effects in maintenance of nutritional homeostasis we assessed and C, N, and P use efficiencies on sugarcane and energy cane under those conditions were increased. Four experiments were conducted during the first growth cycle of each species. The effect of fertigation associated with Si foliar spraying was evaluated by applying Si only during the seedling formation phase in sugarcane and energy cane grown under severe water deficit for 60 days after transplanting (intermediate period). Then, the effect of Si applied during seedling formation and supplemented after transplanting was evaluated in sugarcane and energy cane grown under severe water deficit for 160 days after transplanting (long period). The Si supply decreased C contents, modified the C:N:P ratio, and increased C, N, and P use efficiencies in plants of both species under water deficit at the intermediate and long periods after transplanting. The effects of applying Si through fertigation associated with foliar spraying during seedling formation mitigated the damage caused by severe water deficit in the intermediate period, which was mainly observed in sugarcane. When supplemented with Si after transplanting, the mitigating effects occurred in both species under severe long period water deficit. Therefore, the Si supply through fertigation associated with foliar spraying is a viable alternative to provide Si to the plant. It also comes with beneficial effects that partially reverse the damage to nutritional homeostasis and increase nutritional efficiency in plants under severe water deficit.

Published
2021

19. Low absorption of silicon via foliar in comparison to root application has an immediate antioxidant effect in mitigating water deficit damage in sugarcane.

Author

Teixeira, Gelza Carliane Marques, de Mello Prado, Renato, and Rocha, Antonio Márcio Souza

Subjects
WATER damage, SUGARCANE, WATER restrictions, ABSORPTION, PLANT-water relationships, SILICON
Abstract

High root absorption of silicon (Si) in sugarcane plants that accumulate the element attenuates water deficit‐induced damage. However, there is a lack of research to identify whether the low relative absorption of Si via leaf spraying compared to root application has an immediate antioxidant effect on plants under water restriction. For this purpose, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of Si applied via leaf spraying and via nutritive solution (root) in mitigating the damage caused by short‐term water deficit induced by PEG‐6000 in pre‐sprouted sugarcane seedlings. The treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of the forms of Si supply: via nutrient solution (SiR) (2.0 mmol/L), via foliar spraying (SiL) (3.4 mmol/L) plus the absence of Si (−Si), combined with the presence (−0.6 MPa) and absence of water deficit, arranged in randomized blocks with 6 repetitions. The experiment was developed in a hydroponic system, in which Si was initially supplied during the seedling production phase; subsequently, water deficit was induced with PEG‐6000 for a period of 72 hr. Plants under water deficit increased the accumulation of Si with the supply of the element via root application and via foliar spraying by 2118% and 98%, respectively, in comparison to the absence of Si. However, although Si foliar absorption was relatively low in comparison to the root, the physiological effects in relieving water deficit‐induced stress were equal to or even higher than those of root application. In conclusion, the amount of Si absorbed by the plant is not a major factor to induce an antioxidant defence response to mitigate the immediate effects of water deficit, since the two forms of application of Si were similar. Si foliar spraying promotes physiological and biochemical effects that alleviate damage done water deficit short term, even on plants with an active absorption mechanism such as sugarcane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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24. Annual application of sewage sludge for twenty-three years in two Oxisols in tropical region and the behavior of organic matter, capacity of cation exchange and phosphorus

Author

Rocha, Antonio Márcio Souza, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Melo, Wanderley José de [UNESP]

Subjects
Resíduo orgânico, Biosolids, Long-term experiment, Experimento de longo prazo, Sustainability in agriculture, Sustentabilidade na agricultura, Soil fertility, Fertilidade do solo, Organic waste, Biossólidos
Abstract

Submitted by ANTONIO MÁRCIO SOUZA ROCHA (antoniomarcio.sr@gmail.com) on 2020-10-06T10:17:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Márcio Souza Rocha - Tese.pdf: 1144433 bytes, checksum: 0b268f19aa582a65b9a183ea5acec61f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Laudicélia Martins Arantes (lm.arantes@unesp.br) on 2020-10-06T19:09:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_ams_dr_jabo.pdf: 1202395 bytes, checksum: 5be17fb72836304a4405a3d4e6f07887 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-06T19:09:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_ams_dr_jabo.pdf: 1202395 bytes, checksum: 5be17fb72836304a4405a3d4e6f07887 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-08-10 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O uso de lodo de esgoto (LE) na agricultura promove benefícios porque pode aumentar a matéria orgânica (MO), a capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC) e o teor de fósforo (P) do solo. No entanto, em solos de clima tropical as taxas de LE devem ser criteriosamente definidas devido à rápida degradação dos resíduos orgânicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se aplicações anuais de doses de lodo de esgoto por longo prazo modificam os teores de matéria orgânica, capacidade de troca catiônica e de fósforo disponível de dois Latossolos com diferentes atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos e ocorrendo em condições de clima tropical. Foi avaliado os teores de MO, CTC e P em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico - LVd e Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico - LVef durante 23 anos de aplicações anuais de LE nas doses: 0, 5, 10 e 20 Mg ha-1. A aplicação de lodo de esgoto por longo período de tempo aumentou progressivamente o teor de matéria orgânica em solo de baixa fertilidade natural (LVd) em todas as doses avaliadas ao longo dos anos. No solo de média fertilidade (LVef), o aumento de MO ocorreu nas doses 10 Mg ha-1 e 20 Mg ha-1, com maior incremento na dose de 20 Mg ha-1. Aumento na CTC foi proporcional aos ganhos de MO para ambos os solos. Apenas as doses de 10 Mg ha-1 e 20 Mg ha-1 proporcionaram aumento de P disponível ao longo dos anos para ambos os solos, com destaque para a dose de 20 no LVef. Desta forma, a resposta da matéria orgânica, da capacidade de troca catiônica e do P-disponível no solo à aplicação de doses anuais de lodo de esgoto por longo período de tempo em condições de clima tropical, depende da dose aplicada e do tipo de solo. Sendo a dose de 10 Mg ha-1 a recomendada para o LVd e a dose de 20 Mg ha-1 para o LVd. The use of sewage sludge (SS) in agriculture promotes benefits because it can increase the organic matter (SOM), the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the phosphorus content (P) of the soil. However, in soils with a tropical climate, SS rates must be carefully defined due to the rapid degradation of organic waste. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether long-term annual applications of sewage sludge modify the levels of organic matter, cation exchange capacity and available phosphorus in two Oxisols with different physical, chemical and biological attributes and occurring in climatic conditions tropical. The levels of SOM, CEC and P in Dystrophic Red Latosol - LVd and Eutrophic Red Latosol - LVef were evaluated during 23 years of annual SS applications at doses: 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1. The application of sewage sludge for a long period of time progressively increased the content of organic matter in soil with low natural fertility (LVd) in all doses evaluated over the years. In medium fertility soil (LVef), the increase in SOM occurred at doses of 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1, with a greater increase in the dose of 20 Mg ha-1. The increase in CEC was proportional to the SOM gains for both soils. Only the doses of 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1 provided an increase in available P over the years for both soils, with emphasis on the dose of 20 in LVef. Thus, the response of organic matter, cation exchange capacity and P-available in the soil to the application of annual doses of sewage sludge for a long period of time in tropical climate conditions, depends on the applied dose and the type of soil. The dose of 10 Mg ha-1 being that recommended for LVd and the dose of 20 Mg ha-1 for LVd. 001

Published
2020

30. Barium, cadmium and chrome in oxisols and corn plants in the eighteenth year of application of sewage sludge

Author

Rocha, Antonio Márcio Souza, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Melo, Wanderley Jose de [UNESP]

Subjects
Trace elements, Elementos traço, resíduo orgânico, sustentabilidade na agricultura, Organic waste, sustainability in agriculture
Abstract

Submitted by ANTONIO MÁRCIO SOUZA ROCHA (antoniomarcio.sr@gmail.com) on 2017-12-13T09:44:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Antonio_Márcio_Souza_Rocha.pdf: 1190191 bytes, checksum: 015bfe55661c0bd6c2afde0caba596ba (MD5) Submitted by ANTONIO MÁRCIO SOUZA ROCHA (antoniomarcio.sr@gmail.com) on 2017-12-14T11:24:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Antonio_Márcio_Souza_Rocha.pdf: 1190191 bytes, checksum: 015bfe55661c0bd6c2afde0caba596ba (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2017-12-14T12:15:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_ams_me_jabo.pdf: 1190191 bytes, checksum: 015bfe55661c0bd6c2afde0caba596ba (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-14T12:15:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_ams_me_jabo.pdf: 1190191 bytes, checksum: 015bfe55661c0bd6c2afde0caba596ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A presença de elementos traços no lodo de esgoto (LE) é uma das restrições quanto ao seu uso em áreas agrícolas. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do lodo, aos dezoito anos, em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sobre a concentração pseudototal e disponível de Ba, Cd e Cr na profundidade de 0 - 0,2 m, bem como quantificar os mesmos metais na parte aérea de plantas de milho. O experimento foi desenvolvido em condições de campo, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 Mg ha-1 controle (sem lodo de esgoto e com fertilização mineral), 5; 10 e 20 Mg ha-1 de LE, base seca. Os teores pseudototais e disponíveis de Ba não foram influenciados pelas doses de LE, na profundidade de 0 - 0,2 m. A concentração média de Cd pseudototal foi aproximadamente 1,784 mg kg-1, enquanto que o teor Cr foi maior na dose de 20 Mg ha-1. Esta dose proporcionou, ainda, uma maior disponibilidade para Cd e Cr. Os teores de Ba, Cd e Cr na planta de milho não foram incrementados pelas doses de lodo de esgoto no décimo oitavo ano de aplicação. The presence of trace elements in sewage sludge (SS) is one of the restrictions on its use in agricultural areas. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of sewage sludge supplemented with K, at eighteen, in Haplortox on pseudototal concentration and available Ba, Cd and Cr in the depth of 0.2 m, and to quantify the same metals in the whole plant corn. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, using the experimental randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. The treatments were: 0 Mg ha-1 = control (without sewage sludge and mineral fertilization), 5; 10:20 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge, dry basis. The pseudototais and available levels of Ba were not affected by LE doses at a depth of 0.2 m. The average concentration was approximately 1,784 Cd pseudototal mg kg , while the Cr content was greater in the 20 mg h-1. This dose provided also a greater willingness to Cd and Cr. The Barium, Cd and Cr in corn plant were not incremented by sewage sludge doses in the eighteenth year of application.

Published
2016

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