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1. Linking seed size and number to trait syndromes in trees

Author

Bogdziewicz, Michal, Acuña, Marie‐Claire Aravena, Andrus, Robert, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Brveiller, Daniel, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raul, Caignard, Thomas, Cailleret, Maxime, Calama, Rafael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, J Julio, Chang‐Yang, Chia‐Hao, Chave, Jerome, Chianucci, Francesco, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Cutini, Andrea, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Farfan‐Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guignabert, Arthur, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket‐Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F, Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes MH, Kunstler, Georges, Kobe, Richard, Lageard, Jonathan GA, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Ledwon, Mateusz, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean‐Marc, Lutz, James A, Macias, Diana, Marell, Anders, McIntire, Eliot JB, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Naoe, Shoji, Noguchi, Mahoko, Oguro, Michio, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Ourcival, Jean‐Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Perez‐Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Podgórski, Tomasz, Poulsen, John, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Šamonil, Pavel, Holik, Jan, Scher, C Lane, Van Marle, Harald Schmidt, Seget, Barbara, Shibata, Mitsue, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A, Straub, Jacob N, Sun, I‐Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Whitham, Thomas G, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K, Zywiec, Magdalna, and Clark, James S

Subjects
fecundity, functional traits, leaf economics, life history strategies, size syndrome, tree recruitment, Ecology
Published
2023

2. Reduced fire severity offers near-term buffer to climate-driven declines in conifer resilience across the western United States

Author

Davis, Kimberley T, Robles, Marcos D, Kemp, Kerry B, Higuera, Philip E, Chapman, Teresa, Metlen, Kerry L, Peeler, Jamie L, Rodman, Kyle C, Woolley, Travis, Addington, Robert N, Buma, Brian J, Cansler, C Alina, Case, Michael J, Collins, Brandon M, Coop, Jonathan D, Dobrowski, Solomon Z, Gill, Nathan S, Haffey, Collin, Harris, Lucas B, Harvey, Brian J, Haugo, Ryan D, Hurteau, Matthew D, Kulakowski, Dominik, Littlefield, Caitlin E, McCauley, Lisa A, Povak, Nicholas, Shive, Kristen L, Smith, Edward, Stevens, Jens T, Stevens-Rumann, Camille S, Taylor, Alan H, Tepley, Alan J, Young, Derek JN, Andrus, Robert A, Battaglia, Mike A, Berkey, Julia K, Busby, Sebastian U, Carlson, Amanda R, Chambers, Marin E, Dodson, Erich Kyle, Donato, Daniel C, Downing, William M, Fornwalt, Paula J, Halofsky, Joshua S, Hoffman, Ashley, Holz, Andrés, Iniguez, Jose M, Krawchuk, Meg A, Kreider, Mark R, Larson, Andrew J, Meigs, Garrett W, Roccaforte, John Paul, Rother, Monica T, Safford, Hugh, Schaedel, Michael, Sibold, Jason S, Singleton, Megan P, Turner, Monica G, Urza, Alexandra K, Clark-Wolf, Kyra D, Yocom, Larissa, Fontaine, Joseph B, and Campbell, John L

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Ecological Applications, Environmental Sciences, Forestry Sciences, Regenerative Medicine, Climate Action, Fires, Wildfires, Climate, Climate Change, Tracheophyta, climate change, ecological transformation, post-fire regeneration, vegetation transition, wildfire
Abstract

Increasing fire severity and warmer, drier postfire conditions are making forests in the western United States (West) vulnerable to ecological transformation. Yet, the relative importance of and interactions between these drivers of forest change remain unresolved, particularly over upcoming decades. Here, we assess how the interactive impacts of changing climate and wildfire activity influenced conifer regeneration after 334 wildfires, using a dataset of postfire conifer regeneration from 10,230 field plots. Our findings highlight declining regeneration capacity across the West over the past four decades for the eight dominant conifer species studied. Postfire regeneration is sensitive to high-severity fire, which limits seed availability, and postfire climate, which influences seedling establishment. In the near-term, projected differences in recruitment probability between low- and high-severity fire scenarios were larger than projected climate change impacts for most species, suggesting that reductions in fire severity, and resultant impacts on seed availability, could partially offset expected climate-driven declines in postfire regeneration. Across 40 to 42% of the study area, we project postfire conifer regeneration to be likely following low-severity but not high-severity fire under future climate scenarios (2031 to 2050). However, increasingly warm, dry climate conditions are projected to eventually outweigh the influence of fire severity and seed availability. The percent of the study area considered unlikely to experience conifer regeneration, regardless of fire severity, increased from 5% in 1981 to 2000 to 26 to 31% by mid-century, highlighting a limited time window over which management actions that reduce fire severity may effectively support postfire conifer regeneration.

Published
2023

5. Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients

Author

Journé, Valentin, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie‐Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Berretti, Roberta, Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raul, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang‐Yang, Chia‐Hao, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, Francois, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J, Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J, Farfan‐Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket‐Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kays, Roland, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes MH, Kobe, Richard K, Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan GA, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean‐Marc, Lutz, James A, Macias, Diana, McIntire, Eliot JB, Moore, Christopher M, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean‐Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S, Perez‐Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton‐Kamakura, Renata, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Rodriguez‐Sanchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D, Scher, C Lane, Van Marle, Harald Schmidt, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A, Stephenson, Nathan L, Straub, Jacob N, Swenson, Jennifer J, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Whipple, Amy V, Whitham, Thomas G, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K, Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Regenerative Medicine, Biodiversity, Climate, Fertility, Forests, Seeds, Trees, climate, competition, forest regeneration, seed consumption, species interactions, tree fecundity, Ecological Applications, Evolutionary Biology, Ecological applications, Environmental management
Abstract

Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics.

Published
2022

6. Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients

Author

Qiu, Tong, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raul, Caignard, Thomas, Cailleret, Maxime, Calama, Rafael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, J. Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chave, Jerome, Chianucci, Francesco, Courbaud, Benoit, Cutini, Andrea, Das, Adrian J., Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Franklin, Jerry F., Gehring, Catherine A., Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guignabert, Arthur, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Holik, Jan, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Lefevre, Francois, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macias, Diana, Marell, Anders, McIntire, Eliot J. B., Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Naoe, Shoji, Noguchi, Mahoko, Oguro, Michio, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M., Piechnik, Lukasz, Podgorski, Tomasz, Poulsen, John, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Samonil, Pavel, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Scher, C. Lane, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Shibata, Mitsue, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S.

Published
2023
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7. North American tree migration paced by climate in the West, lagging in the East

Author

Sharma, Shubhi, Andrus, Robert, Bergeron, Yves, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Bragg, Don C, Brockway, Dale, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Das, Adrian J, Dietze, Michael, Fahey, Timothy J, Franklin, Jerry F, Gilbert, Gregory S, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo, Qinfeng, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F, Kilner, Christopher L, Knops, Johannes MH, Koenig, Walter D, Kunstler, Georges, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Macias, Diana, Moran, Emily, Myers, Jonathan A, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Scher, C Lane, Schlesinger, William H, Steele, Michael A, Stephenson, Nathan L, Swenson, Jennifer J, Swift, Margaret, Veblen, Thomas T, Whipple, Amy V, Whitham, Thomas G, Wion, Andreas P, Woodall, Christopher W, Zlotin, Roman, and Clark, James S

Subjects
Climate Action, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Fertility, Geography, North America, Trees, Uncertainty, climate change, forest regeneration, seed production, tree migration
Abstract

Tree fecundity and recruitment have not yet been quantified at scales needed to anticipate biogeographic shifts in response to climate change. By separating their responses, this study shows coherence across species and communities, offering the strongest support to date that migration is in progress with regional limitations on rates. The southeastern continent emerges as a fecundity hotspot, but it is situated south of population centers where high seed production could contribute to poleward population spread. By contrast, seedling success is highest in the West and North, serving to partially offset limited seed production near poleward frontiers. The evidence of fecundity and recruitment control on tree migration can inform conservation planning for the expected long-term disequilibrium between climate and forest distribution.

Published
2022

8. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta, Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raul, Bragg, Don C, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, J Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, Francois, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J, Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep, Fahey, Timothy J, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F, Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes MH, Kobe, Richard K, Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan GA, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefevre, Francois, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A, Macias, Diana, McIntire, Eliot JB, Moore, Christopher M, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S, Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D, Scher, C Lane, Schlesinger, William H, Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A, Stephenson, Nathan L, Straub, Jacob N, Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Whipple, Amy V, Whitham, Thomas G, Wion, Andreas P, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Zhu, Kai, and Zimmerman, Jess K

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Contraception/Reproduction, Fertility, Forests, Reproduction, Seeds, Trees
Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.

Published
2022

11. Is there tree senescence? The fecundity evidence

Author

Qiu, Tong, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Andrus, Robert, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raul, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, J Julio, Clark, Connie J, Courbaud, Benoit, Delzon, Sylvain, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo, Qinfeng, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Journé, Valentin, Kilner, Christopher L, Kobe, Richard K, Koenig, Walter D, Kunstler, Georges, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Ledwon, Mateusz, Lutz, James A, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Nuñez, Chase L, Pearse, Ian S, Piechnik, Łukasz, Poulsen, John R, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Scher, C Lane, Van Marle, Harald Schmidt, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Swenson, Jennifer J, Swift, Margaret, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Whipple, Amy V, Whitham, Thomas G, Wion, Andreas P, Wright, S Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K, Żywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S

Subjects
Fertility, Forests, Models, Biological, Regeneration, Trees, tree fecundity, tree senescence, tree life history, allometric scaling, crown architecture
Abstract

Despite its importance for forest regeneration, food webs, and human economies, changes in tree fecundity with tree size and age remain largely unknown. The allometric increase with tree diameter assumed in ecological models would substantially overestimate seed contributions from large trees if fecundity eventually declines with size. Current estimates are dominated by overrepresentation of small trees in regression models. We combined global fecundity data, including a substantial representation of large trees. We compared size-fecundity relationships against traditional allometric scaling with diameter and two models based on crown architecture. All allometric models fail to describe the declining rate of increase in fecundity with diameter found for 80% of 597 species in our analysis. The strong evidence of declining fecundity, beyond what can be explained by crown architectural change, is consistent with physiological decline. A downward revision of projected fecundity of large trees can improve the next generation of forest dynamic models.

Published
2021

12. Continent-wide tree fecundity driven by indirect climate effects.

Author

Clark, James S, Andrus, Robert, Aubry-Kientz, Melaine, Bergeron, Yves, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Bragg, Don C, Brockway, Dale, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Cohen, Susan, Courbaud, Benoit, Daley, Robert, Das, Adrian J, Dietze, Michael, Fahey, Timothy J, Fer, Istem, Franklin, Jerry F, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo, Qinfeng, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill, Kilner, Christopher L, Knops, Johannes, Koenig, Walter D, Kunstler, Georges, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Legg, Kristin L, Luongo, Jordan, Lutz, James A, Macias, Diana, McIntire, Eliot JB, Messaoud, Yassine, Moore, Christopher M, Moran, Emily, Myers, Jonathan A, Myers, Orrin B, Nunez, Chase, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Sam, Pearson, Scott, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Ready, Ethan, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Scher, C Lane, Schlesinger, William H, Schwantes, Amanda M, Shanahan, Erin, Sharma, Shubhi, Steele, Michael A, Stephenson, Nathan L, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J, Swift, Margaret, Veblen, Thomas T, Whipple, Amy V, Whitham, Thomas G, Wion, Andreas P, Zhu, Kai, and Zlotin, Roman

Subjects
Trees, Seasons, Fertility, Geography, Models, Theoretical, North America, Climate Change, Models, Theoretical
Abstract

Indirect climate effects on tree fecundity that come through variation in size and growth (climate-condition interactions) are not currently part of models used to predict future forests. Trends in species abundances predicted from meta-analyses and species distribution models will be misleading if they depend on the conditions of individuals. Here we find from a synthesis of tree species in North America that climate-condition interactions dominate responses through two pathways, i) effects of growth that depend on climate, and ii) effects of climate that depend on tree size. Because tree fecundity first increases and then declines with size, climate change that stimulates growth promotes a shift of small trees to more fecund sizes, but the opposite can be true for large sizes. Change the depresses growth also affects fecundity. We find a biogeographic divide, with these interactions reducing fecundity in the West and increasing it in the East. Continental-scale responses of these forests are thus driven largely by indirect effects, recommending management for climate change that considers multiple demographic rates.

Published
2021

14. Wildfire-Driven Forest Conversion in Western North American Landscapes

Author

COOP, JONATHAN D., PARKS, SEAN A., STEVENS-RUMANN, CAMILLE S., CRAUSBAY, SHELLEY D., HIGUERA, PHILIP E., HURTEAU, MATTHEW D., TEPLEY, ALAN, WHITMAN, ELLEN, ASSAL, TIMOTHY, COLLINS, BRANDON M., DAVIS, KIMBERLEY T., DOBROWSKI, SOLOMON, FALK, DONALD A., FORNWALT, PAULA J., FULÉ, PETER Z., HARVEY, BRIAN J., KANE, VAN R., LITTLEFIELD, CAITLIN E., MARGOLIS, ELLIS Q., NORTH, MALCOLM, PARISIEN, MARC-ANDRÉ, PRICHARD, SUSAN, and RODMAN, KYLE C.

Published
2020

17. Green is the New Black: Outcomes of Post-Fire Tree Planting Across the Us Interior West

Author

Rodman, Kyle C., primary, Fornwalt, Paula J., additional, Holden, Zachary A., additional, Crouse, Joseph E., additional, Davis, Kimberley T., additional, Marshall, Laura A.E., additional, Stoddard, Michael T., additional, Andrus, Robert A., additional, Chambers, Marin E., additional, Chapman, Teresa B., additional, Hart, Sarah J., additional, Schloegel, Catherine A., additional, and Stevens-Rumann, Camille S., additional

Published
2024
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18. Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients

Author

National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Pennsylvania State University, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Junta de Andalucía, European Commission, US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-2671-5122], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Boivin, Thomas [0000-0003-1694-2425], Bonal, Raúl [0000-0002-6084-1771], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro [0000-0002-2598-9594], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-6324-9351], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Chave, Jérôme [0000-0002-7766-1347], Chianucci, F. [0000-0002-5688-2060], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Cutini, A. [0000-0002-7033-2399], Das, Adrian J. [0000-0002-3937-2616], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J. [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guignabert, Arthur [0000-0002-1512-6760], Guo, Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Holik, Jan [0000-0002-7949-9689], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kitzberger, T. [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M.H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Kurokawa, Hiroko [0000-0001-8778-8045], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], Marell, Anders [0000-0002-3328-4834], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moore, Christopher M. [0000-0001-5783-9833], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Naoe, Shoji [0000-0002-0605-4187], Noguchi, Mahoko [0000-0002-3393-5131], Oguro, Michio [0000-0003-0974-7971], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S. [0000-0001-7098-0495], Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Podgórski, Tomasz [0000-0001-6858-7838], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Šamonil, Pavel [0000-0002-7722-8797], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L. [0000-0003-0208-7229], Straub, Jacob N. [0009-0000-3720-7564], Swenson, Jennifer [0000-0002-2069-667X], Swift, Margaret [0000-0001-7913-1879], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Whipple, Amy V. [0000-0003-3956-7832], Whitham, Thomas G. [0000-0002-1262-4342], Wion, Andreas P. [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Clark, James S. [0000-0002-5677-9733], Qiu, Tong, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Cailleret, Maxime, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chave, Jérôme, Chianucci, F., Courbaud, Benoit, Cutini, A., Das, Adrian J., Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep María, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Franklin, Jerry F., Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guignabert, Arthur, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Holik, Jan, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, Marell, Anders, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Naoe, Shoji, Noguchi, Mahoko, Oguro, Michio, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Podgórski, Tomasz, Poulsen, John, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Šamonil, Pavel, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Scher, C. Lane, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Shibata, M., Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Pennsylvania State University, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Junta de Andalucía, European Commission, US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-2671-5122], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Boivin, Thomas [0000-0003-1694-2425], Bonal, Raúl [0000-0002-6084-1771], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro [0000-0002-2598-9594], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-6324-9351], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Chave, Jérôme [0000-0002-7766-1347], Chianucci, F. [0000-0002-5688-2060], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Cutini, A. [0000-0002-7033-2399], Das, Adrian J. [0000-0002-3937-2616], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J. [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guignabert, Arthur [0000-0002-1512-6760], Guo, Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Holik, Jan [0000-0002-7949-9689], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kitzberger, T. [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M.H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Kurokawa, Hiroko [0000-0001-8778-8045], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], Marell, Anders [0000-0002-3328-4834], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moore, Christopher M. [0000-0001-5783-9833], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Naoe, Shoji [0000-0002-0605-4187], Noguchi, Mahoko [0000-0002-3393-5131], Oguro, Michio [0000-0003-0974-7971], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S. [0000-0001-7098-0495], Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Podgórski, Tomasz [0000-0001-6858-7838], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Šamonil, Pavel [0000-0002-7722-8797], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L. [0000-0003-0208-7229], Straub, Jacob N. [0009-0000-3720-7564], Swenson, Jennifer [0000-0002-2069-667X], Swift, Margaret [0000-0001-7913-1879], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Whipple, Amy V. [0000-0003-3956-7832], Whitham, Thomas G. [0000-0002-1262-4342], Wion, Andreas P. [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Clark, James S. [0000-0002-5677-9733], Qiu, Tong, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Cailleret, Maxime, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chave, Jérôme, Chianucci, F., Courbaud, Benoit, Cutini, A., Das, Adrian J., Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep María, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Franklin, Jerry F., Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guignabert, Arthur, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Holik, Jan, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, Marell, Anders, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Naoe, Shoji, Noguchi, Mahoko, Oguro, Michio, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Podgórski, Tomasz, Poulsen, John, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Šamonil, Pavel, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Scher, C. Lane, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Shibata, M., Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S.

Abstract

The benefits of masting (volatile, quasi-synchronous seed production at lagged intervals) include satiation of seed predators, but these benefits come with a cost to mutualist pollen and seed dispersers. If the evolution of masting represents a balance between these benefits and costs, we expect mast avoidance in species that are heavily reliant on mutualist dispersers. These effects play out in the context of variable climate and site fertility among species that vary widely in nutrient demand. Meta-analyses of published data have focused on variation at the population scale, thus omitting periodicity within trees and synchronicity between trees. From raw data on 12 million tree-years worldwide, we quantified three components of masting that have not previously been analysed together: (i) volatility, defined as the frequency-weighted year-to-year variation; (ii) periodicity, representing the lag between high-seed years; and (iii) synchronicity, indicating the tree-to-tree correlation. Results show that mast avoidance (low volatility and low synchronicity) by species dependent on mutualist dispersers explains more variation than any other effect. Nutrient-demanding species have low volatility, and species that are most common on nutrient-rich and warm/wet sites exhibit short periods. The prevalence of masting in cold/dry sites coincides with climatic conditions where dependence on vertebrate dispersers is less common than in the wet tropics. Mutualist dispersers neutralize the benefits of masting for predator satiation, further balancing the effects of climate, site fertility and nutrient demands.

Published
2023

19. Linking seed size and number to trait syndromes in trees

Author

National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, US Forest Service, Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Bonal, Raul [0000-0002-6084-1771], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Camarero, J Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guignabert, Arthur [0000-0002-1512-6760], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M. H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Kobe, Richard K. [0000-0002-0943-9613], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Shoji, N. [0000-0002-0605-4187], Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi [0000-0002-3393-5131], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M. [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer J. [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, Maria [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T. [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Bogdziewicz, Michal, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Andrus, Robert, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Brveille, Daniel, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Cailleret, Maxime, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chave, Jérôme, Chianucci, F., Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Cutini, A., Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guignabert, Arthur, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Kobe, Richard K., Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Shoji, N., Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Podgórski, Tomasz, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Šamonil, Pavel, Holik, Jan, Scher, C. Lane, van Marle, Harald S., Seget, Barbara, Shibata, M., Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Whitham, Thomas G., Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, US Forest Service, Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Bonal, Raul [0000-0002-6084-1771], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Camarero, J Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guignabert, Arthur [0000-0002-1512-6760], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M. H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Kobe, Richard K. [0000-0002-0943-9613], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Shoji, N. [0000-0002-0605-4187], Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi [0000-0002-3393-5131], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M. [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer J. [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, Maria [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T. [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Bogdziewicz, Michal, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Andrus, Robert, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Brveille, Daniel, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Cailleret, Maxime, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chave, Jérôme, Chianucci, F., Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Cutini, A., Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guignabert, Arthur, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Kobe, Richard K., Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Shoji, N., Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Podgórski, Tomasz, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Šamonil, Pavel, Holik, Jan, Scher, C. Lane, van Marle, Harald S., Seget, Barbara, Shibata, M., Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Whitham, Thomas G., Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S.

Abstract

Aim Our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain forest diversity under changing climate can benefit from knowledge about traits that are closely linked to fitness. We tested whether the link between traits and seed number and seed size is consistent with two hypotheses, termed the leaf economics spectrum and the plant size syndrome, or whether reproduction represents an independent dimension related to a seed size–seed number trade-off. Location Most of the data come from Europe, North and Central America and East Asia. A minority of the data come from South America, Africa and Australia. Time period 1960–2022. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We gathered 12 million observations of the number of seeds produced in 784 tree species. We estimated the number of seeds produced by individual trees and scaled it up to the species level. Next, we used principal components analysis and generalized joint attribute modelling (GJAM) to map seed number and size on the tree traits spectrum. Results Incorporating seed size and number into trait analysis while controlling for environment and phylogeny with GJAM exposes relationships in trees that might otherwise remain hidden. Production of the large total biomass of seeds [product of seed number and seed size; hereafter, species seed productivity (SSP)] is associated with high leaf area, low foliar nitrogen, low specific leaf area (SLA) and dense wood. Production of high seed numbers is associated with small seeds produced by nutrient-demanding species with softwood, small leaves and high SLA. Trait covariation is consistent with opposing strategies: one fast-growing, early successional, with high dispersal, and the other slow-growing, stress-tolerant, that recruit in shaded conditions. Main conclusions Earth system models currently assume that reproductive allocation is indifferent among plant functional types. Easily measurable seed size is a strong predictor of the seed number and species seed productivity. The connectio

Published
2023

20. Author Correction: Continent-wide tree fecundity driven by indirect climate effects

Author

Clark, James S., Andrus, Robert, Aubry-Kientz, Melaine, Bergeron, Yves, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Bragg, Don C., Brockway, Dale, Cleavitt, Natalie L., Cohen, Susan, Courbaud, Benoit, Daley, Robert, Das, Adrian J., Dietze, Michael, Fahey, Timothy J., Fer, Istem, Franklin, Jerry F., Gehring, Catherine A., Gilbert, Gregory S., Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guo, Qinfeng, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill, Kilner, Christopher L., Knops, Johannes, Koenig, Walter D., Kunstler, Georges, LaMontagne, Jalene M., Legg, Kristin L., Luongo, Jordan, Lutz, James A., Macias, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J. B., Messaoud, Yassine, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Myers, Jonathan A., Myers, Orrin B., Nunez, Chase, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Sam, Pearson, Scott, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Ready, Ethan, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Scher, C. Lane, Schlesinger, William H., Schwantes, Amanda M., Shanahan, Erin, Sharma, Shubhi, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Swift, Margaret, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Zhu, Kai, and Zlotin, Roman

Published
2021
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21. Thirty‐six years of butterfly monitoring, snow cover, and plant productivity reveal negative impacts of warmer winters and increased productivity on montane species

Author

Halsch, Christopher A., primary, Shapiro, Arthur M., additional, Thorne, James H., additional, Rodman, Kyle C., additional, Parra, Adriana, additional, Dyer, Lee A., additional, Gompert, Zachariah, additional, Smilanich, Angela M., additional, and Forister, Matthew L., additional

Published
2023
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22. Increases in understory plant cover and richness persist following restoration treatments in Pinus ponderosa forests

Author

Springer, Judith D., primary, Stoddard, Michael T., additional, Rodman, Kyle C., additional, Huffman, David W., additional, Fornwalt, Paula J., additional, Pedersen, Rory J., additional, Laughlin, Daniel C., additional, McGlone, Christopher M., additional, Daniels, Mark L., additional, Fulé, Peter Z., additional, Moore, Margaret M., additional, Kerns, Becky K., additional, Stevens, Jens T., additional, Korb, Julie E., additional, and Souther, Sara, additional

Published
2023
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25. Refuge‐yeah or refuge‐nah? Predicting locations of forest resistance and recruitment in a fiery world

Author

Rodman, Kyle C., primary, Davis, Kimberley T., additional, Parks, Sean A., additional, Chapman, Teresa B., additional, Coop, Jonathan D., additional, Iniguez, Jose M., additional, Roccaforte, John P., additional, Sánchez Meador, Andrew J., additional, Springer, Judith D., additional, Stevens‐Rumann, Camille S., additional, Stoddard, Michael T., additional, Waltz, Amy E. M., additional, and Wasserman, Tzeidle N., additional

Published
2023
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27. Increases in understory plant cover and richness persist following restoration treatments in Pinus ponderosa forests.

Author

Springer, Judith D., Stoddard, Michael T., Rodman, Kyle C., Huffman, David W., Fornwalt, Paula J., Pedersen, Rory J., Laughlin, Daniel C., McGlone, Christopher M., Daniels, Mark L., Fulé, Peter Z., Moore, Margaret M., Kerns, Becky K., Stevens, Jens T., Korb, Julie E., and Souther, Sara

Subjects
UNDERSTORY plants, PONDEROSA pine, GROUND cover plants, FOREST thinning, PRESCRIBED burning, FOREST biodiversity
Abstract

A combination of forest thinning followed by prescribed burning is widely applied in the western United States to increase ecosystem resistance and resilience to disturbances. Understory plant community responses may be driven by both management treatments and climatic factors. Thus, responses to treatments during a 20‐year megadrought have implications for the role of management in fostering adaptive capacity to climate change.We used a network of five sites (600 plots) spanning an environmental gradient in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of the American Southwest, an ecosystem that is broadly distributed and actively managed throughout the western United States. We used repeated long‐term monitoring data to quantify plant community responses to treatment 1–5‐, 6–10‐ and >10‐year post‐implementation. Specifically, we focussed on the effects of treatment and abiotic conditions on native and non‐native plant cover and species richness and the proportion of native species with northern (cool‐mesic) biogeographic affinities.Overall, thinning and prescribed burning nearly doubled native cover and increased native species richness by about 50% relative to untreated controls. These effects persisted for over a decade after treatment, even under the influence of significant and persistent drought. Cover and richness were also greater on intermediate to wet sites. Finally, native species with northern biogeographic affinities were reduced for up to 5 years after treatment relative to those with southern (warm‐xeric) affinities, and in dry years, indicating that both management and interannual climate variability may foster shifts to plant communities that are more resilient to a warming climate.Synthesis and applications. In ponderosa pine forests of the American Southwest, tree thinning followed by prescribed burning will generally promote restoration goals of increasing resilience to climate change by enhancing the diversity and abundance of native understory plant species, even during a persistent 20‐year megadrought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Thirty‐six years of butterfly monitoring, snow cover, and plant productivity reveal negative impacts of warmer winters and increased productivity on montane species.

Author

Halsch, Christopher A., Shapiro, Arthur M., Thorne, James H., Rodman, Kyle C., Parra, Adriana, Dyer, Lee A., Gompert, Zachariah, Smilanich, Angela M., and Forister, Matthew L.

Subjects
PLANT productivity, INSECT physiology, SNOW cover, BUTTERFLIES, SNOWMELT, ECOLOGICAL resilience
Abstract

Climate change is contributing to declines of insects through rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and an increasing frequency of extreme events. The impacts of both gradual and sudden shifts in weather patterns are realized directly on insect physiology and indirectly through impacts on other trophic levels. Here, we investigated direct effects of seasonal weather on butterfly occurrences and indirect effects mediated by plant productivity using a temporally intensive butterfly monitoring dataset, in combination with high‐resolution climate data and a remotely sensed indicator of plant primary productivity. Specifically, we used Bayesian hierarchical path analysis to quantify relationships between weather and weather‐driven plant productivity on the occurrence of 94 butterfly species from three localities distributed across an elevational gradient. We found that snow pack exerted a strong direct positive effect on butterfly occurrence and that low snow pack was the primary driver of reductions during drought. Additionally, we found that plant primary productivity had a consistently negative effect on butterfly occurrence. These results highlight mechanisms of weather‐driven declines in insect populations and the nuances of climate change effects involving snow melt, which have implications for ecological theories linking topographic complexity to ecological resilience in montane systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855][, Berveiller, Daniel [0000-0001-7461-6420], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Bonal, Raúl [0000-0002-6084-1771], Bragg, Don C. [0000-0002-5207-8606], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Camarero, J. Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Courbet, François [0000-0002-9438-6746], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Adrian, Das [0000-0002-3937-2616], Daskalakou, Evangelia [0000-0002-5190-1023], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine A. [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés[0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kabeya, Daisuke [0000-0002-3420-199X], Kilner, Christopher L. [0000-0001-8808-8868], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M.H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kobe, Richard K. [0000-0002-0943-9613], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S. [0000-0001-7098-0495], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Poulton-Kamakura, Renata [0000-0002-2516-8702], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Schlesinger, William H [0000-0002-1391-0885], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L [0000-0003-0208-7229], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T. [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wion, Andreas P. [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta, Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Bragg, Don C., Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Schlesinger, William H., Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., Scher, C. Lane, Caignard, Thomas, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, François, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L., Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kobe, Richard K., Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855][, Berveiller, Daniel [0000-0001-7461-6420], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Bonal, Raúl [0000-0002-6084-1771], Bragg, Don C. [0000-0002-5207-8606], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Camarero, J. Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Courbet, François [0000-0002-9438-6746], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Adrian, Das [0000-0002-3937-2616], Daskalakou, Evangelia [0000-0002-5190-1023], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine A. [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H. [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés[0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F. [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kabeya, Daisuke [0000-0002-3420-199X], Kilner, Christopher L. [0000-0001-8808-8868], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M.H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kobe, Richard K. [0000-0002-0943-9613], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Lageard, Jonathan G. A. [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M. [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A. [0000-0002-4207-9218], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S. [0000-0001-7098-0495], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Poulton-Kamakura, Renata [0000-0002-2516-8702], Redmond, Miranda D. [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D. [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C. [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Schlesinger, William H [0000-0002-1391-0885], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L [0000-0003-0208-7229], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A. [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T. [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wion, Andreas P. [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zimmerman, Jess K. [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta, Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Bragg, Don C., Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Schlesinger, William H., Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., Scher, C. Lane, Caignard, Thomas, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, François, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L., Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kobe, Richard K., Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, and Limousin, Jean-Marc

Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential.

Published
2022

30. Fire Regimes Over a 1070-m Elevational Gradient, San Francisco Peaks/Dook’o’oosłííd, Arizona USA

Author

Fulé, Peter Z, primary, Barrett, Molly Peige, additional, Cocke, Allison E, additional, Crouse, Joseph E, additional, Roccaforte, John P, additional, Normandin, Donald P, additional, Covington, W Wallace, additional, Moore, Margaret M, additional, Heinlein, Thomas A, additional, Stoddard, Michael T, additional, and Rodman, Kyle C, additional

Published
2023
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33. Rocky Mountain forests are poised to recover following bark beetle outbreaks but with altered composition

Author

Rodman, Kyle C., primary, Andrus, Robert A., additional, Carlson, Amanda R., additional, Carter, Trevor A., additional, Chapman, Teresa B., additional, Coop, Jonathan D., additional, Fornwalt, Paula J., additional, Gill, Nathan S., additional, Harvey, Brian J., additional, Hoffman, Ashley E., additional, Kelsey, Katharine C., additional, Kulakowski, Dominik, additional, Laughlin, Daniel C., additional, Morris, Jenna E., additional, Negrón, José F., additional, Nigro, Katherine M., additional, Pappas, Gregory S., additional, Redmond, Miranda D., additional, Rhoades, Charles C., additional, Rocca, Monique E., additional, Schapira, Zoe H., additional, Sibold, Jason S., additional, Stevens‐Rumann, Camille S., additional, Veblen, Thomas T., additional, Wang, Jianmin, additional, Zhang, Xiaoyang, additional, and Hart, Sarah J., additional

Published
2022
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35. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number tradeoffs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Berveiller, Daniel, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal Andrés, Raúl, Bragg, Don C., Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, J. Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L., Courbaud, Benoit, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietzel, Michael, Donoso Calderon, Sergio, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A., Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L., Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefevre, Francois, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macias, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J. B., Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio M., Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John R., Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Scherer, C. Lane, Schlesinger, William H., Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L, Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Berveiller, Daniel, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal Andrés, Raúl, Bragg, Don C., Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, J. Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L., Courbaud, Benoit, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietzel, Michael, Donoso Calderon, Sergio, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A., Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibanez, Ines, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L., Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefevre, Francois, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macias, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J. B., Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio M., Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John R., Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Scherer, C. Lane, Schlesinger, William H., Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L, Straub, Jacob N., Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wion, Andreas P., Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S.

Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential., National Science Foundation (NSF)(United States), Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y el Espacio (NASA), Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir, Belmont Forum, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish National Science Foundation, W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish National Science Centre, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2022

36. Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients

Author

National Science Foundation (US), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Belmont Forum, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Kays, Roland [0000-0002-2947-6665], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel [0000-0003-2332-7818], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Clark, James S. [0000-0002-5677-9733], Knops, Johannes M. H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Lageard, Jonathan G. A., Greenberg, Cathryn H., Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Journé, Valentin, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Berretti, Roberta, Berveille, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, François, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Donoso Calderón, Sergio, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Kabeya, Daisuke, Kays, Roland, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kobe, Richard K., Kunstler, Georges, LaMontagne, Jalene M., Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Scher, C. Lane, Marle, Harald Schmidt Van, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., National Science Foundation (US), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Belmont Forum, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Kays, Roland [0000-0002-2947-6665], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel [0000-0003-2332-7818], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Clark, James S. [0000-0002-5677-9733], Knops, Johannes M. H. [0000-0002-9647-9209], Lageard, Jonathan G. A., Greenberg, Cathryn H., Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Journé, Valentin, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Berretti, Roberta, Berveille, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Boivin, Thomas, Bonal, Raúl, Caignard, Thomas, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, François, Curt, Thomas, Das, Adrian J., Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Donoso Calderón, Sergio, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep Maria, Fahey, Timothy J., Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Guo, Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Kabeya, Daisuke, Kays, Roland, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kobe, Richard K., Kunstler, Georges, LaMontagne, Jalene M., Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Macías, Diana, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moore, Christopher M., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Noguchi, Kyotaro, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S., Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Sanguinetti, Javier D., Scher, C. Lane, Marle, Harald Schmidt Van, Seget, Barbara, Sharma, Shubhi, Silman, Miles, Steele, Michael A., Stephenson, Nathan L., Straub, Jacob N., Swenson, Jennifer, Swift, Margaret, Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, María, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Whipple, Amy V., Whitham, Thomas G., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zlotin, Roman, Zywiec, Magdalena, and Clark, James S.

Abstract

Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics.

Published
2022

37. Author response for 'Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients'

Author

null Journe, Valentin, null Andrus, Robert, null Aravena, Marie-Claire, null Ascoli, Davide, null Berretti, Roberta, null Berveiller, Daniel, null Bogdziewicz, Michal, null Boivin, Thomas, null Bonal, Raul, null Caignard, Thomas, null Calama, Rafael, null Julio Camarero, Jesus, null Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, null Courbaud, Benoit, null Courbet, Francois, null Curt, Thomas, null Das, Adrian J., null Daskalakou, Evangelia, null Davi, Hendrik, null Delpierre, Nicolas, null Delzon, Sylvain, null Dietze, Michael, null Donoso Calderon, Sergio, null Dormont, Laurent, null Maria Espelta, Josep, null Fahey, Timothy J., null Farfan-Rios, William, null Gehring, Catherine A., null Gilbert, Gregory S., null Gratzer, Georg, null Greenberg, Cathryn H., null Guo, Qinfeng, null Hacket-Pain, Andrew, null Hampe, Arndt, null Han, Qingmin, null Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, null Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, null Ibanez, Ines, null Johnstone, Jill F., null Kabeya, Daisuke, null Kays, Roland, null Kitzberger, Thomas, null Knops, Johannes M. H., null Kobe, Richard K., null Kunstler, Georges, null Lageard, Jonathan G. A., null LaMontagne, Jalene M., null Leininger, Theodor, null Limousin, Jean-Marc, null Lutz, James A., null Macias, Diana, null McIntire, Eliot J. B., null Moore, Christopher M., null Moran, Emily, null Motta, Renzo, null Myers, Jonathan A., null Nagel, Thomas A., null Noguchi, Kyotaro, null Ourcival, Jean-Marc, null Parmenter, Robert, null Pearse, Ian S., null Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M., null Piechnik, Lukasz, null Poulsen, John, null Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, null Qiu, Tong, null Redmond, Miranda D., null Reid, Chantal D., null Rodman, Kyle C., null Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, null Sanguinetti, Javier D., null Scher, C. Lane, null Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, null Seget, Barbara, null Sharma, Shubhi, null Silman, Miles, null Steele, Michael A., null Stephenson, Nathan L., null Straub, Jacob N., null Swenson, Jennifer J., null Swift, Margaret, null Thomas, Peter A., null Uriarte, Maria, null Vacchiano, Giorgio, null Veblen, Thomas T., null Whipple, Amy, V, null Whitham, Thomas G., null Wright, Boyd, null Wright, S. Joseph, null Zhu, Kai, null Zimmerman, Jess K., null Zlotin, Roman, null Zywiec, Magdalena, and null Clark, James S.

Published
2022
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39. Green is the New Black: Outcomes of post-fire tree planting across the US Interior West.

Author

Rodman, Kyle C., Fornwalt, Paula J., Holden, Zachary A., Crouse, Joseph E., Davis, Kimberley T., Marshall, Laura A.E., Stoddard, Michael T., Andrus, Robert A., Chambers, Marin E., Chapman, Teresa B., Hart, Sarah J., Schloegel, Catherine A., and Stevens-Rumann, Camille S.

Subjects
POST-fire forests, CLIMATE change mitigation, TREE planting, GROWING season, ECOLOGICAL integrity, FOREST fires
Abstract

Reforestation activities such as tree planting are important management tools to offset carbon emissions and restore forest ecosystem integrity. Severe wildfire activity, a key driver of forest loss, is increasing throughout the western United States (US) and creating an immense backlog of areas needing reforestation. Major financial investments and recent policy changes are expected to accelerate rates of tree planting, yet the broad-scale impact and efficacy of post-fire planting activities remain poorly understood. We quantified the outcomes of recent (1987–2022) post-fire plantings in the US Interior West using remotely sensed estimates of forest cover change and in-situ survival records (69,245 seedlings) spanning 297 unique fire events. Overall, planted areas gained forest cover 25.7 % more rapidly than environmentally similar, unplanted sites in the same fires, and planted seedling survival averaged 79.5 % (SD = 23.2 %) after one growing season. However, the effects of planting were highly variable over time and across environmental gradients. Forest cover gain and planted seedling survival were typically highest in cold, wet areas and when planting was followed by wetter-than-average years. Planting season also shaped outcomes, with late summer or fall plantings performing best on warm, dry sites, and spring plantings performing best in cold, wet areas. Forest cover gain was fastest in planting units that burned at low to moderate severity and had > 20 % post-fire forest cover in the surrounding area. Nearly half of all plantings were completed in such areas, where natural regeneration processes are most likely to promote forest recovery even without intervention. Here, we demonstrate that tree planting can enhance post-fire forest recovery rates at broad scales, though its effects are dependent on a range of environmental and operational factors. Our results help inform realistic expectations of planting outcomes, an issue of global relevance as such projects expand to achieve restoration and climate mitigation goals. • Tree planting is commonly used to achieve restoration and climate mitigation goals • Areas with post-fire tree planting show 25.7 % faster rates of forest regrowth • Survival of planted seedlings averaged 79.5 % after one growing season • Forest regrowth and seedling survival varied widely across the Interior West • Outcomes of post-fire plantings are likely to differ across environmental gradients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Tamm Review: Postfire landscape management in frequent-fire conifer forests of the southwestern United States

Author

Stevens, Jens T., primary, Haffey, Collin M., additional, Coop, Jonathan D., additional, Fornwalt, Paula J., additional, Yocom, Larissa, additional, Allen, Craig D., additional, Bradley, Anne, additional, Burney, Owen T., additional, Carril, Dennis, additional, Chambers, Marin E., additional, Chapman, Teresa B., additional, Haire, Sandra L., additional, Hurteau, Matthew D., additional, Iniguez, Jose M., additional, Margolis, Ellis Q., additional, Marks, Christopher, additional, Marshall, Laura A.E., additional, Rodman, Kyle C., additional, Stevens-Rumann, Camille S., additional, Thode, Andrea E., additional, and Walker, Jessica J., additional

Published
2021
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49. A trait‐based approach to assessing resistance and resilience to wildfire in two iconic North American conifers.

Author

Rodman, Kyle C., Veblen, Thomas T., Andrus, Robert A., Enright, Neal J., Fontaine, Joseph B., Gonzalez, Angela D., Redmond, Miranda D., Wion, Andreas P., and Battipaglia, Giovanna

Subjects
*PONDEROSA pine, *VITAL statistics, *CONIFERS, *DOUGLAS fir, *TREE growth, *WILDFIRES
Abstract

Ongoing changes in fire regimes have the potential to drive widespread shifts in Earth's vegetation. Plant traits and vital rates provide insight into vulnerability to fire‐driven vegetation shifts because they can be indicators of the ability of individuals to survive fire (resistance) and populations to persist (resilience) following fire.In 15 study sites spanning climatic gradients in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA, we quantified variation in key traits and vital rates of two co‐occurring, widely distributed conifers (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex. P. Lawson & C. Lawson and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). We used mixed‐effects models to explain inter‐ and intraspecific variation in tree growth, survival, bark thickness and seed cone production, as a function of species, tree life stage (i.e. diameter, height and age), average climate, local competition and site conditions.Pinus ponderosa was predicted to survive low‐severity fire at a 23% earlier age than P. menziesii. Pinus ponderosa had thicker bark and more rapid juvenile height growth, traits conferring greater fire resistance. In contrast, P. menziesii was predicted to produce seed cones at a 28% earlier age than P. ponderosa. For both species, larger individuals were more likely to survive fire and to produce cones. For P. ponderosa, cone production increased where average actual evapotranspiration (AET) was higher and local competition was lower. More frequent cone production on productive sites with higher AET is an important and underappreciated mechanism that may help to explain greater resilience to fire in these areas.Synthesis. Our analyses indicated that many plant traits and vital rates related to fire differed between Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii, with trade‐offs between investment in traits that promote individual defence to fire and those that promote recolonization of disturbed sites. Future changes in fire regimes will act as a filter throughout North American forests, with our findings helping to infer which individuals and populations of two iconic species are most vulnerable to future change and offering a framework for future inquiry in other forests facing an uncertain future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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