102 results on '"Rodolfo Rivera"'
Search Results
2. Antibody Response after 3-Dose Booster against SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients
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Domenico Tripodi, Roberto Dominici, Davide Sacco, Gennaro Santorelli, Rodolfo Rivera, Sandro Acquaviva, Marino Marchisio, Paolo Brambilla, Graziana Battini, and Valerio Leoni
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COVID-19 ,kidney transplantation ,immunosuppressive drugs ,S1 ,S2 ,NCP protein antigens ,Medicine - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with a high rate of mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Current vaccine strategies for KTRs seem to be unable to provide effective protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the occurrence of severe disease in some vaccinated KTRs suggested a lack of immunity. We initially analyzed the antibody response in a group of 32 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) followed at the nephrology and dialysis unit of the Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza, Italy. Thus, we studied the differences in antibody levels between subjects who contracted SARS-CoV-2 after the booster (8 individuals) and those who did not contract it (24 individuals). Furthermore, we verified if the antibody response was in any way associated with creatinine and eGFR levels. We observed a significant increase in the antibody response pre-booster compared to post-booster using both a Roche assay and DIAPRO assay. In the latter, through immunotyping, we highlight that the major contribution to this increase is specifically due to IgG S1 IgM S2. We observed a significant increase in IgA S1 and IgA NCP (p = 0.045, 0.02) in the subjects who contracted SARS-CoV-2. We did not find significant associations for the p-value corrected for false discovery rate (FDR) between the antibody response to all assays and creatinine levels. This observation allows us to confirm that patients require additional vaccine boosters due to their immunocompromised status and therapy in order to protect them from infections related to viral variants. This is in line with the data reported in the literature, and it could be worthwhile to deeply explore these phenomena to better understand the role of IgA S1 and IgA NCP antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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- 2024
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3. METFORMIN: FROM IMMEDIATE RELEASE TO EXTENDED RELEASE FORMULA, EFFECTIVENESS, AND SAFETY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
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Giuseppe Derosa, Rodolfo Rivera, Angela D’Angelo, and Pamela Maffioli
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metformin ,chronic kidney disease ,immediate release ,extended release formula ,safety ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is currently the main cause of chronic kidney disease, leading to end-stage renal disease in most countries around the world. Metformin is the most commonly prescribed oral antihyperglycaemic in the world and after approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1994, it is currently recommended as the first-line pharmacological agent for newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus by many professional diabetes associations. In this review, the authors analysed efficacy and safety of metformin in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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- 2020
4. Prevenzione primaria della malattia cardiovascolare: c’è bisogno di un’aspirina?
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Fulvio Floccari, Fulvio Marrocco, Rodolfo Rivera, and Luca Di Lullo
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
The efficacy of antiplatelet treatment with aspirin in the primary prevention of major cardiovascular events was questioned during 2018, following a new series of trials that we summarize here in a quick synoptic overview. The three studies involved are the ASPREE trial, the ASCEND study and the ARRIVE trial. These studies all have a double-blind randomized design, and 100 mg/day aspirin was administered with an intention-to-treat approach and against placebo. Age of the enrolled patients, prevalence of diabetes mellitus and geographical location of other studies are just some of the elements analyzed here, in addition to the different problems of cardiovascular events. The ASPREE study observed a marginal reduction of cardiovascular events with the use of aspirin, by approximately 5% with a confidence interval at risk of insignificancy. On the other hand, the increased risk of a hemorrhagic event appeared to be rather robust, resulting between 18% and 62%. The ASCEND study observed a reduction in cardiovascular events of around 12%, offset by an increase in the risk of major bleeding between 9% and 52%. The ARRIVE study did not detect any incidence of major cardiovascular events, while the risk of major bleeding appeared to even double. The evidences of the current literature push us to review a widespread conviction among professionals who fight the war against cardiovascular disease every day: the prescription of aspirin in the primary prevention can no longer happen systematically, and every single prescription need care between benefits and dangers connected to the treatment. (Cardionephrology)
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- 2019
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5. Ultrafiltrazione peritoneale e sindrome cardiorenale: gestione del sovraccarico di fluidi e ruolo del sodio
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Luca Di Lullo, Claudio Ronco, Fulvio Floccari, Antonio De Pascalis, Rodolfo Rivera, Antonio Granata, and Antonio Bellasi
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Congestion represents a crucial clinical component of both heart failure and cardiorenal syndrome and it has been postulated to modulate heart and kidney cross-link. Diuretic therapy is a corner stone in the treatment patients with heart failure, and renal replacement therapies are mainly used for patients with refractory heart failure who have not reached the worst stages of renal disfunction. Peritoneal dialysis is a home-based therapeutic modality providing both solute clearance and ultrafiltration, together with relief from congestion in decompensated heart failure patients. The following review will focus on sodium removal in refractory decompensated heart failure patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. (Cardionephrology)
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- 2019
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6. Rivaroxaban e malattia renale cronica: evidenze dal presente e prospettive future
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Luca Di Lullo, Claudio Ronco, Fulvio Floccari, Antonio De Pascalis, Vincenzo Barbera, Rodolfo Rivera, and Antonio Bellasi
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of comorbidly in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, with a 7% incidence in atrial fibrillation (AF) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Until recently, prophylactic treatment of atrial fibrillation complications (such as thromboembolism) was mainly based on vitamin K antagonists (VKA) or heparin. In the last years, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been made available; however, their renal clearance limits their use on patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR
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- 2019
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7. Iperkalemia cronica nei pazienti cardio – renali: q & a per il cardionefrologo pratico
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Luca Di Lullo, Claudio Ronco, Fulvio Floccari, Antonio De Pascalis, Vincenzo Barbera, Rodolfo Rivera, and Antonio Bellasi
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Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
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- 2019
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8. Descriptive Analysis of the Arterial Supply to the Auricle in Patients with Unilateral Microtia
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Erik Agustín Márquez-Gutiérrez, MD, Claudia Gutiérrez-Gómez del Hierro, MD, Jorge Humberto Rodríguez-Quintero, MD, Jorge Enrique Pereyra-Arzate, MD, and Rodolfo Rivera-Martínez, MD
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Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Background:. Microtia is a congenital auricular deformity that occurs in 1:5,000–10,000 births. It can cause severe impairment to the patient’s self-esteem and problems regarding social integration. Multiple measures have been described in attempt to better operative outcomes of these patients. We used computed tomography (CT) angiography to analyze the vascular pattern of the auricular region before surgery. Methods:. Fourteen patients with unilateral microtia were included. All underwent CT angiogram plus tridimensional reconstruction. Both healthy and microtic auricles were analyzed descriptively in terms of main arterial supply, pattern, diameter of subbranches, and angulation. The sample was divided in 2 age groups for better understanding of the data. Results:. Blood supply to the auricle was found to depend on 2 main vessels: temporal superficial artery (TSA) and its subbranches (superior, middle, and lower branch) and posterior auricular (PA) artery. In the microtic group, TSA was the dominant artery in 13 of 14 cases (92%). Superior, middle, and inferior branches were present in 4, 3, and 0 cases, respectively. Three of the microtic auricles presented supply from PA artery, from which in 1 case, it represented the only supply to the region. Conclusions:. There is wide variability in the blood supply of both healthy and microtic auricles; however, we were able to identify some tendencies in our sample. Further research is needed to prove the benefit of a preoperative imaging study in these patients. Still, in our experience, we found it useful as a complement for surgical planning.
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- 2017
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9. Gli Anticoagulanti Orali Non Vitamina K-dipendenti Nei Pazienti Con Fibrillazione Atriale Non Valvolare ed End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Un Matrimonio Impossibile?
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Di Lullo Luca, Fulvio Floccari, Rodolfo Rivera, Vincenzo Barbera, Antonio Bellasi, Mario Cozzolino, Antonio Selvi, Francesca Santoboni, Antonio De Pascalis, and Claudio Ronco
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Anticoagulation therapy ,Atrial fibrillation ,Chronic kidney disease ,Non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) ,Warfarin ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
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- 2017
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10. Il Ruolo Della Galectina-3 Nella Patologia Cardio-Renale
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Luca Di Lullo, Rodolfo Rivera, Fulvio Floccari, Vincenzo Barbera, Antonio Bellasi, Antonio De Pascalis, Domenico Russo, Luigi Russo, Francesca Santoboni, Giovanni Otranto, and Claudio Ronco
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Acute kidney injury ,Chronic kidney disease ,Galectin-3 ,Heart failure ,Nephrogenesis ,Ventricular remodelling ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
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- 2017
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11. Iperuricemia: dall'evoluzione della specie al rischio cardiovascolare
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Fulvio Floccari, Luca Di Lullo, Rodolfo Rivera, Alberto Santoboni, Andrea Stella, and Moreno Malaguti
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Cardiorenal syndrome ,Chronic renal failure ,Gout ,Uric acid ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
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- 2016
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12. Vitamina D e prevenzione cardiovascolare
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Luca Di Lullo, Rodolfo Rivera, Fulvio Floccari, Vincenzo Barbera, Antonio Bellasi, Antonio De Pascalis, Domenico Russo, Luigi Russo, Francesca Santoboni, and Claudio Ronco
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) ,Observational studies ,Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) ,Vitamin D ,Vitamin D receptor (VDR) ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
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- 2016
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13. La cardiopatia ischemica nel paziente affetto da malattia renale cronica
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Luca Di Lullo, Fulvio Floccari, Antonio De Pascalis, Rodolfo Rivera, Antonio Bellasi, Alberto Santoboni, Francesca Santoboni, Annalisa Villani, Moreno Malaguti, and Claudio Ronco
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Atherosclerosis ,Chronic kidney disease ,Coronary artery disease ,Coronary revascularization ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
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- 2016
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14. Ivabradina, insufficienza cardiaca e malattia renale cronica
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Giovanni Barbera, Alberto Santoboni, Antonio De Pascalis, Rodolfo Rivera, Fulvio Floccari, Claudio Ronco, and Luca Di Lullo
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Heart failure ,Comorbidities ,Ivabradine ,SHIFT trial ,Morbidity ,Mortality ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
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- 2015
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15. Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23) e Sindrome Cardiorenale
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Luca Di Lullo, Rodolfo Rivera, Antonio De Pascalis, Fulvio Floccari, Vincenzo Barbera, Claudio Ronco, and Alberto Santoboni
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FGF-23 ,Chronic kidney disease ,Cardiovascular disease ,Sevelamer Carbonate ,Lanthanum carbonate ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
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- 2015
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16. L'ipertrofia ventricolare sinistra nei pazienti affetti da malattia renale cronica
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Luca Di Lullo, Fulvio Floccari, Rodolfo Rivera, Antonio De Pascalis, Vincenzo Barbera, Moreno Malaguti, and Alberto Santoboni
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Malattia cardiovascolare ,Sindrome cardio-renale di tipo 4 ,Ipertrofia ventricolare sinistra ,Ecocardiografia ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
La patologia cardiovascolare rappresenta la principale causa di mortalità e morbidità nei pazienti affetti da malattia renale cronica (CKD) e malattia renale cronica terminale (ESRD). La patogenesi della malattia cardiovascolare in corso di nefropatia è multifattoriale e coinvolge fattori di rischio tradizionali e fattori di rischio collegati alla malattia renale. Come ormai universalmente accettato, l'interessamento cardiaco in corso di malattia renale cronica rientra nella cosiddetta Sindrome cardio-renale di tipo 4, la cosiddetta cardiopatia uremica caratterizzata, in primo luogo, dalla presenza di ipertrofia ventricolare sinistra, disfunzione sistodiastolica del ventricolo sinistro e, negli stadi terminali, scompenso cardiaco congestizio e cardiomiopatia dilatativa. La diagnosi di ipertrofia ventricolare sinistra (IVS) è affidata da un lato alle tecniche ecocardiografiche 2D e 3D e, dall'altra, a tecniche di imaging più sofisticate, come la risonanza magnetica cardiaca (CMRI). Scopo della review è quello di effettuare un excursus riguardante l'epidemiologia, la fisiopatologia e la diagnosi dell'ipertrofia ventricolare sinistra nei pazienti affetti da malattia renale cronica. (Cardionephrology)
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- 2014
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17. Tomografia computerizzata delle coronarie: piccolo vademecum per il nefrologo
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Fulvio Floccari, Rodolfo Rivera, and Luca Di Lullo
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TC coronarica ,Multistrato ,Malattia coronarica ,Calcificazioni valvolari ,Calcificazioni vascolari ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
La tomografia (TC) coronarica viene utilizzata su larga scala grazie alle sua caratteristiche di migliore risoluzione spazio-temporale. Il valore diagnostico della TC coronarica è andato via via migliorando grazie alla sua evoluzione in TC multistrato; si è, infatti, passati dagli originari 4 strati agli attuali 320 strati, con un netto guadagno in termini di risoluzione e, quindi, di nitidezza delle immagini. Nonostante l'indubbio valore diagnostico e, in parte, anche prognostico, la TC coronarica presenta indicazioni limitate in alcuni specifici campi di applicazione, in virtù dell'elevata prevalenza di artefatti e di falsi positivi determinati dalla presenza di calcificazioni vascolari e/o valvolari. Scopo della presente rassegna è quello di presentare l'evoluzione tecnologica della TC coronarica negli ultimi anni e le sue implicazioni dal punto di vista prognostico. (Cardionephrology)
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- 2014
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18. Lo sport ti fa invecchiare con il giusto stile (di vita)
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Fulvio Floccari, Luca Di Lullo, Rodolfo Rivera, and Mario Timio
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Fitness ,Mortalità ,Funzione renale ,Insufficienza renale cronica ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
L'associazione tra un'attività sportiva regolare (fitness) e la mortalità è ormai una definitiva certezza nella letteratura scientifica. Obiettivo di questa revisione è di approfondire le evidenze scientifiche esistenti circa l'associazione tra la consuetudine dì fitness e la tendenza a sviluppare patologie croniche non fatali renali e cardiache. Se, infatti, è assodato che la capacità funzionale cardio-respiratoria di un soggetto adulto è, in qualche misura, in funzione dell'attività fisica svolta nel corso della vita, si può postulare che un ragionamento analogo valga anche per la funzione renale? (Cardionephrology)
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- 2014
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19. Report della 1a Riunione Nazionale del Gruppo di Studio di Cardionefrologia della Società Italiana di Nefrologia
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Luca Di Lullo, Antonio De Pascalis, Antonio Bellasi, Emiliana Ferramosca, Rodolfo Rivera, and Mario Timio
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Cardionefrologia ,Gruppo di Studio di Cardionefrologia ,Società Italiana di Nefrologia ,Società Italiana di Ecografia Cardiovascolare ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
La consueta rubrica di Cardionefrologia viene sostituita, solo per questo numero del Giornale, dagli Atti di “Cardionefrologia 2013”, la 1a Riunione del Gruppo di Studio di Cardionefrologia della SIN. Il convegno si è incentrato sulle principali tematiche cardiovascolari (scompenso cardiaco, complicanze cardiovascolari dell'iperparatiroidismo secondario, cardionefropatie da accumulo) e su una vivace sessione di comunicazioni libere ed è stato poi ulteriormente arricchito da letture magistrali sulla sindrome coronarica acuta, sull'imaging cardiovascolare e sui rapporti interdisciplinari tra nefrologi e cardiologi.
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- 2013
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20. La malattia di Fabry: una sindrome cardio-renale da malattia sistemica
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Fulvio Floccari, Rodolfo Rivera, Moreno Malaguti, Alberto Santoboni, Vincenzo Barbera, and Luca Di Lullo
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Malattia di Fabry ,Sindrome cardiorenale ,Rene ,Cuore ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
La malattia di Fabry è una disfunzione lisosomiale ereditaria, nella quale l'accumulo cronico di globotriaosilceramide (Gb3) induce danno d'organo renale, cardiaco e neurologico. Trasmessa attraverso il cromosoma X, ha un'incidenza stimata che va da un caso ogni 55000 maschi nati vivi sino a uno ogni 3100. La terapia enzimatica sostitutiva si propone come trattamento di elezione di tale patologia, capace di modificarne la storia clinica in maniera sostanziale. Questa review si propone come uno stimolo a guardare con occhi da “cardionefrologi” a questa sindrome cardio-renale sistemica. (Cardionephrology)
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- 2013
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21. Una tipica manifestazione di Sindrome Cardio-Renale di Tipo 5: lo shock settico
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Luca Di Lullo, Fulvio Floccari, Vincenzo Barbera, Antonio Granata, Antonio De Pascalis, Rossella Faiola, Moreno Malaguti, Alberto Santoboni, Rodolfo Rivera, and Claudio Ronco
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Sindrome Cardio-Renale di Tipo 5 ,Shock settico ,Insufficienza renale acuta ,Scompenso cardiaco ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
La Sindrome Cardio-Renale (SCR) di Tipo 5 si configura come una sindrome clinica di recente classificazione e viene diagnosticata in un'ampia serie di patologie sistemiche, allorché si assiste a un contemporaneo interessamento secondario di rene e apparato cardiovascolare. I meccanismi fisiopatologici dipendono, sostanzialmente, dalla tempistica con la quale si manifesta una SCR di Tipo 5; ben diverso è il quadro di una forma acuta (sepsi, connettiviti, malattia di Wegener), che si manifesta rapidamente rispetto all'insorgenza della patologia primitiva, in contrasto con quello di una forma cronica (cirrosi epatica e sindrome epato-renale), che esordisce e si sviluppa subdolamente. La diagnosi si basa sul dosaggio dei livelli plasmatici di bio-marcatori di danno cardiaco e renale e sulle tecniche di diagnostica per immagini (ecocardiografia, ecografia addominale). La terapia deve mirare al trattamento della patologia di base e a quello delle complicanze cardio-renali. (Cardionephrology)
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- 2013
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22. Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
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Herrington, William G, Staplin, Natalie, Wanner, Christoph, Green, Jennifer B, Hauske, Sibylle J, Emberson, Jonathan R, Preiss, David, Judge, Parminder, Mayne, Kaitlin J, Ng, Sarah Y A, Sammons, Emily, Zhu, Doreen, Hill, Michael, Stevens, Will, Wallendszus, Karl, Brenner, Susanne, Cheung, Alfred K, Liu, Zhi-Hong, Li, Jing, Hooi, Lai Seong, Liu, Wen, Kadowaki, Takashi, Nangaku, Masaomi, Levin, Adeera, Cherney, David, Maggioni, Aldo P, Pontremoli, Roberto, Deo, Rajat, Goto, Shinya, Rossello, Xavier, Tuttle, Katherine R, Steubl, Dominik, Petrini, Michaela, Massey, Dan, Eilbracht, Jens, Brueckmann, Martina, Landray, Martin J, Baigent, Colin, Haynes, Richard, The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group: Colin Baigent, Martin J Landray, Christoph Wanner, William G Herrington, Richard Haynes, Jennifer B Green, Sibylle J Hauske, Martina Brueckmann, Mark Hopley, Maximillian von-Eynatten, Jyothis George, Susanne Brenner, Alfred K Cheung, David Preiss, Zhi-Hong Liu, Jing Li, Laiseong Hooi, Wen Liu, Takashi Kadowaki, Masaomi Nangaku, Adeera Levin, David Cherney, Roberto Pontremoli, Aldo P Maggioni, Natalie Staplin, Jonathan Emberson, Stefan Hantel, Shinya Goto, Rajat Deo, Katherine R Tuttle, Michael Hill, Parminder Judge, Kaitlin J Mayne, Sarah Y A Ng, Xavier Rossello, Emily Sammons, Doreen Zhu, Peter Sandercock, Rudolf Bilous, Charles Herzog, Paul Whelton, Janet Wittes, Derrick Bennett, Patricia Achiri, Chrissie Ambrose, Cristina Badin, Jill Barton, Richard Brown, Andy Burke, Sebastian Butler, Rejive Dayanandan, Pia Donaldson, Robert Dykas, Lucy Fletcher, Kate Frederick, Hannah Kingston, Mo Gray, Emily Harding, Akiko Hashimoto, Lyn Howie, Susan Hurley, Ryonfa Lee, Nik Luker, Kevin Murphy, Mariko Nakahara, John Nolan, Michelle Nunn, Sorcha Mulligan, Akiko Omata, Sandra Pickworth, YanRu Qiao, Shraddha Shah, Karen Taylor, Alison Timadjer, Monique Willett, Liz Wincott, Qin Yan, Hui Yu, Louise Bowman, Fang Chen, Robert Clarke, Michelle Goonasekera, Waseem Karsan, Marion Mafham, Christina Reith, Mohammed Zayed, Ritva Ellison, Rowan Moys, Will Stevens, Kevin Verdel, Karl Wallendszus, Chris Bowler, Anna Brewer, Andy Measor, Guanguo Cui, Charles Daniels, Angela Field, Bob Goodenough, Ashley Lawson, Youcef Mostefai, Dheeptha Radhakrishnan, Samee Syed, Shuang Xia, Ruth Adewuyi-Dalton, Thomas Arnold, Anne-Marie Beneat, Anoushka Bhatt, Chloe Bird, Andrew Breach, Laura Brown, Mark Caple, Tatyana Chavagnon, Karen Chung, Sarah Clark, Luminita Condurache, Katarzyna Eichstadt, Marta Espino Obrero, Scarlett Forest, Helen French, Nick Goodwin, Andrew Gordon, Joanne Gordon, Cat Guest, Tina Harding, Michal Hozak, Matthew Lacey, David MacLean, Louise Messinger, Stewart Moffat, Martin Radley, Claire Shenton, Sarah Tipper, Jon Tyler, Lesley Weaving, James Wheeler, Elissa Williams, Tim Williams, Hamish Woodhouse, Angela Chamberlain, Jo Chambers, Joanne Davies, Denise Donaldson, Pati Faria-Shayler, Denise Fleming-Brown, Jennifer Ingell, Carol Knott, Anna Liew, Helen Lochhead, Juliette Meek, Isabel Rodriguez-Bachiller, Andrea Wilson, Patrick Zettergren, Rach AitSadi, Ian Barton, Alex Baxter, Yonghong Bu, Lukasz Danel, Sonja Grotjahn, Rijo Kurien, Michael Lay, Archie Maskill, Aleksandra Murawska, Rachel Raff, Allen Young, Rebecca Sardell, Vladimir Cejka, Marcela Fajardo-Moser, Christian Hartner, Doris Poehler, Janina Renner, Franziska Scheidemantel, Miya Bryant, Anita Hepditch, Cassandra Johnson, Erin Latore, Yolanda Miller, Lauren Price, Merilee Whalen, Ashleigh Wheeler, Jenny Ingell, Yu An, Yinghua Chen, Peiling Chen, Hao Dai, Hong Du, Fang Feng, Qing Guo, Libo Hou, Wuhanbilige Hundei, Binbin Jin, Yan Li, Jiamin Liu, Xia Song, Yanping Wang, Yanwu Yu, Ning Zhang, Lingshan Zhao, Hui Zhong, Cheng Beng Goh, Ye Mun Low, Soon Yi Sor, Farah Hanis Zulkipli, Sarojini Sivanandam, Natsuki Arai, Ai Fukasawa, Mizue Furukawa, Keisuke Habuki, Shoko Hayashi, Wakako Isari, Saki Kanegae, Maria Kawai, Reiki Kobayashi, Takako Kuramae, Chika Kuribayashi, Sawako Maeno, Satoshi Masumoto, Tomoko Morisaki, Minoru Oda, Kazue Sawada, Kenta Sugamori, Ayana Tatsuzawa, Aiko Tomita, Kazuyuki Yuasa, Hiroko Inazawa, Amanda Axler, Kerri Gallo, Ester Baldini, Barbara Bartolomei Mecatti, Francesca Bianchini, Martina Ceseri, Laura Cipressa, Gianna Fabbri, Andrea Lorimer, Donata Lucci, Sharang Ghavampour, Anja Knoppe, Hans Schmidt-Gurtler, Hubert Dumann, Sybille Merscher, Margret Patecki, Georg Rainer Schlieper, Anke Torp, Bianca Weber, Maja Zietz, Bernd Hohenstein, Urs Benck, Diliana Draganova, Thomas Weinreich, Lothar Wolf, Jasmine Gaidu, Hanna Reiner, Mandy Visnjic, Daniel Steffl, Marie Breitenfeldt, Annette Kraemer-Guth, Christine Braun, Simone Hagge, Michael Schomig, Stephan Matthias, Dominik Stoffler, Beate Schumacher, Thomas Sitter, Louise Fuessl, Julia Krappe, Jerome Loutan, Volker Vielhauer, Luciano Andriaccio, Magdalena Maurer, Bernhard Winkelmann, Martin Dursch, Linda Seifert, Linda Tenbusch, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Simone Boedecker, Wiebke Kaluza-Schilling, Daniel 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Bolduc, Marie-Christine Talbot, Leslie Cham, Vesta Lai, Josephine Tse, Shivinder Jolly, Tabbatha Duck, Scott Lyle, Rachel Epp, Camille Galloway, Susan Haskett, Elizabeta Matvienko, Liam Paulsen, Louise Moist, Zabrina Lozon, Tina Ramsey, Brittany Whitmore, Bader Al-Zeer, Paula Macleod, Aoife O'Sullivan, Zainab Sheriff, Sam Tholl, Amritanshu Pandey, Samantha Armstrong, Bethelihem Gebeyehu, Patrick Toth, Ronald Goldenberg, Mahsa Jahangiriesmaili, Shariff Sanguila, Neethi Suresh, Tanvi Talsania, Nadia Zalunardo, Mohsen Agharazii, Marie-Pier Roussel, Annie Saillant, France Samson, Harpreet Bajaj, Miken Bhavsar, Parul Dhall, Gagandeep Dhillon, Bhupinder Grewal, Taniya Nimbkar, Francois Madore, Guylaine Marcotte, Oren Steen, Mathura Bullen, Shayani Raguwaran, Andre Valleteau, Marie-France Langlois, Christine Brown, Andrew Steele, Melissa Garrity, Taneera Ghate, Holly Robinson, Michael Tolibas, Chetna Tailor, Lauren Elliott, Christine McClary-Wright, Fadia Boreky, Sameh Fikry, Ayesha Ali, Chintankumar Barot, Wagdy Basily, Thisun Saram, Vinay Varad, Hasnain Khandwala, Alex Aguilera, Patricia Alvarez, Balwinder Gill, Nazihah Huda, Aamir Navivala, Daniel Pinto, Micheli Bevilacqua, Elaine Fung, Geraldine Hernandez, Puneet Mann, Jaskiran Saini, Remi Rabasa-Lhoret, Danijela Bovan, Marie Devaux, Cecilia Barnini, Giovanna Leoncini, Luca Manco, Giulia Nobili, Matteo Piemontese, Filippo Aucella, Rachele Grifa, Francesco Totaro, Gaetano La Manna, Irene Capelli, Giuseppe Cianciolo, Sarah Lerario, Fulvia Zappulo, Alberto Rosati, Filippo Fani, Giuseppe Spatoliatore, Loreto Gesualdo, Francesco Pesce, Maria Russo, Maria Zippo, Cesira Cafiero, Daria Motta, Simona Bianco, Donatella Bilucaglia, Piergiorgio Messa, Laura Pavone, Federica Tripodi, Simone Vettoretti, Paola Fioretto, Gianni Carraro, Filippo Farnia, Anna Postal, Alessandro D'Amelio, Antonio Cardone, Giovanni Piccinni, Annalisa Aloisi, Francesco Scolari, Federico Alberici, Alice Guerini, Chiara Saccà, Chiara Salviani, Roberta Zani, Luca De Nicola, Carlo Garofalo, Maria Elena Liberti, Roberto Minutolo, Luigi Pennino, Lucio Polese, Paolo Mené, Simona Barberi, Clorinda Falcone, Francesco Russo, Maurizio Caroppo, Gennaro Santorelli, Rodolfo Rivera, Domenico Santoro, Alfio Giuffrida, Fortunata Zirino, Cristina Calvi, Luca Estienne, Giovanni Gambaro, Concetta Gangemi, Vittorio Ortalda, Giuseppina Pessolano, Giuseppe Grandaliano, Rocco Baccaro, Pietro Ferraro, Roberto Mangiacapra, Marco Melandri, Nadia Foligno, Rita Quartagno, Giuseppe Vezzoli, Elena Brioni, William G, Herrington, Natalie, Staplin, Christoph, Wanner, Jennifer B, Green, Sibylle J, Hauske, Jonathan R, Emberson, David, Prei, Parminder, Judge, Kaitlin J, Mayne, Sarah Y A, Ng, Emily, Sammon, Doreen, Zhu, Michael, Hill, Will, Steven, Karl, Wallendszu, Susanne, Brenner, Alfred K, Cheung, Zhi-Hong, Liu, Jing, Li, Lai Seong, Hooi, Wen, Liu, Takashi, Kadowaki, Masaomi, Nangaku, Adeera, Levin, David, Cherney, Aldo P, Maggioni, Roberto, Pontremoli, Rajat, Deo, Shinya, Goto, Xavier, Rossello, Katherine R, Tuttle, Dominik, Steubl, Michaela, Petrini, Dan, Massey, Jens, Eilbracht, Martina, Brueckmann, Martin J, Landray, Colin, Baigent, Richard, Hayne, EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group: Colin Baigent, The, J Landray, Martin, Wanner, Christoph, G Herrington, William, Haynes, Richard, B Green, Jennifer, J Hauske, Sibylle, Brueckmann, Martina, Hopley, Mark, von-Eynatten, Maximillian, George, Jyothi, Brenner, Susanne, K Cheung, Alfred, Preiss, David, Liu, Zhi-Hong, Li, Jing, Hooi, Laiseong, Liu, Wen, Kadowaki, Takashi, Nangaku, Masaomi, Levin, Adeera, Cherney, David, Pontremoli, Roberto, P Maggioni, Aldo, Staplin, Natalie, Emberson, Jonathan, Hantel, Stefan, Goto, Shinya, Deo, Rajat, R Tuttle, Katherine, Hill, Michael, Judge, Parminder, J Mayne, Kaitlin, A Ng, Sarah Y, Rossello, Xavier, Sammons, Emily, Zhu, Doreen, Sandercock, Peter, Bilous, Rudolf, Herzog, Charle, Whelton, Paul, Wittes, Janet, Bennett, Derrick, Achiri, Patricia, Ambrose, Chrissie, Badin, Cristina, Barton, Jill, Brown, Richard, Burke, Andy, Butler, Sebastian, Dayanandan, Rejive, Donaldson, Pia, Dykas, Robert, Fletcher, Lucy, Frederick, Kate, Kingston, Hannah, Gray, Mo, Harding, Emily, Hashimoto, Akiko, Howie, Lyn, Hurley, Susan, Lee, Ryonfa, Luker, Nik, Murphy, Kevin, Nakahara, Mariko, Nolan, John, Nunn, Michelle, Mulligan, Sorcha, Omata, Akiko, Pickworth, Sandra, Qiao, Yanru, Shah, Shraddha, Taylor, Karen, Timadjer, Alison, Willett, Monique, Wincott, Liz, Yan, Qin, Yu, Hui, Bowman, Louise, Chen, Fang, Clarke, Robert, Goonasekera, Michelle, Karsan, Waseem, Mafham, Marion, Reith, Christina, Zayed, Mohammed, Ellison, Ritva, Moys, Rowan, Stevens, Will, Verdel, Kevin, Wallendszus, Karl, Bowler, Chri, Brewer, Anna, Measor, Andy, Cui, Guanguo, Daniels, Charle, Field, Angela, Goodenough, Bob, Lawson, Ashley, Mostefai, Youcef, Radhakrishnan, Dheeptha, Syed, Samee, Xia, Shuang, Adewuyi-Dalton, Ruth, Arnold, Thoma, Beneat, Anne-Marie, Bhatt, Anoushka, Bird, Chloe, Breach, Andrew, Brown, Laura, Caple, Mark, Chavagnon, Tatyana, Chung, Karen, Clark, Sarah, Condurache, Luminita, Eichstadt, Katarzyna, Espino Obrero, Marta, Forest, Scarlett, French, Helen, Goodwin, Nick, Gordon, Andrew, Gordon, Joanne, Guest, Cat, Harding, Tina, Hozak, Michal, Lacey, Matthew, Maclean, David, Messinger, Louise, Moffat, Stewart, Radley, Martin, Shenton, Claire, Tipper, Sarah, Tyler, Jon, Weaving, Lesley, Wheeler, Jame, Williams, Elissa, Williams, Tim, Woodhouse, Hamish, Chamberlain, Angela, Chambers, Jo, Davies, Joanne, Donaldson, Denise, Faria-Shayler, Pati, Fleming-Brown, Denise, Ingell, Jennifer, Knott, Carol, Liew, Anna, Lochhead, Helen, Meek, Juliette, Rodriguez-Bachiller, Isabel, Wilson, Andrea, Zettergren, Patrick, Aitsadi, Rach, Barton, Ian, Baxter, Alex, Bu, Yonghong, Danel, Lukasz, Grotjahn, Sonja, Kurien, Rijo, Lay, Michael, Maskill, Archie, Murawska, Aleksandra, Raff, Rachel, Young, Allen, Sardell, Rebecca, Cejka, Vladimir, Fajardo-Moser, Marcela, Hartner, Christian, Poehler, Dori, Renner, Janina, Scheidemantel, Franziska, Bryant, Miya, Hepditch, Anita, Johnson, Cassandra, Latore, Erin, Miller, Yolanda, Price, Lauren, Whalen, Merilee, Wheeler, Ashleigh, Ingell, Jenny, An, Yu, Chen, Yinghua, Chen, Peiling, Dai, Hao, Du, Hong, Feng, Fang, Guo, Qing, Hou, Libo, Hundei, Wuhanbilige, Jin, Binbin, Li, Yan, Liu, Jiamin, Song, Xia, Wang, Yanping, Yu, Yanwu, Zhang, Ning, Zhao, Lingshan, Zhong, Hui, Beng Goh, Cheng, Mun Low, Ye, Yi Sor, Soon, Hanis Zulkipli, Farah, Sivanandam, Sarojini, Arai, Natsuki, Fukasawa, Ai, Furukawa, Mizue, Habuki, Keisuke, Hayashi, Shoko, Isari, Wakako, Kanegae, Saki, Kawai, Maria, Kobayashi, Reiki, Kuramae, Takako, Kuribayashi, Chika, Maeno, Sawako, Masumoto, Satoshi, Morisaki, Tomoko, Oda, Minoru, Sawada, Kazue, Sugamori, Kenta, Tatsuzawa, Ayana, Tomita, Aiko, Yuasa, Kazuyuki, Inazawa, Hiroko, Axler, Amanda, Gallo, Kerri, Baldini, Ester, Bartolomei Mecatti, Barbara, Bianchini, Francesca, Ceseri, Martina, Cipressa, Laura, Fabbri, Gianna, Lorimer, Andrea, Lucci, Donata, Ghavampour, Sharang, Knoppe, Anja, Schmidt-Gurtler, Han, Dumann, Hubert, Merscher, Sybille, Patecki, Margret, Rainer Schlieper, Georg, Torp, Anke, Weber, Bianca, Zietz, Maja, Hohenstein, Bernd, Benck, Ur, Draganova, Diliana, Weinreich, Thoma, Wolf, Lothar, Gaidu, Jasmine, Reiner, Hanna, Visnjic, Mandy, Steffl, Daniel, Breitenfeldt, Marie, Kraemer-Guth, Annette, Braun, Christine, Hagge, Simone, Schomig, Michael, Matthias, Stephan, Stoffler, Dominik, Schumacher, Beate, Sitter, Thoma, Fuessl, Louise, Krappe, Julia, Loutan, Jerome, Vielhauer, Volker, Andriaccio, Luciano, Maurer, Magdalena, Winkelmann, Bernhard, Dursch, Martin, Seifert, Linda, Tenbusch, Linda, Weinmann-Menke, Julia, Boedecker, Simone, Kaluza-Schilling, Wiebke, Kraus, Daniel, Krieger, Carina, Schmude, Margit, Schreiber, Anne, Eckrich, Ewelina, Tschope, Diethelm, Arbi, Abdulwahab, Lee-Barkey, Young, Stratmann, Bernd, Prib, Natalie, Rolfsmeier, Sina, Schneider, Irina, Rump, Lar, Stegbauer, Johanne, Pötz, Christine, Schemmelmann, Mara, Schmidt, Claudia, Koch, Michael, Aker, Sendogan, Küpper, Annika, Martin, Manuela, Pfab, Thiemo, Albert, Christian, Haase, Michael, Zander, Barbara, Schneider-Danwitz, Claudia, Seeger, Wolfgang, Seeger, Wolf-Adam, Zemann, Britta, Stellbrink, Christoph, Marx, Kristin, Stellbrink, Ekaterina, Brettschneider, Britta, Watson, Stephanie, Iselt, Marion, Klausmann, Gerhard, Kummer, Inga-Nadine, Kutschat, Auguste, Streitenberger, Simone, Girndt, Matthia, Markau, Silke, Girakossyan, Ina, Hanf, Claudia, Beige, Joachim, Wendt, Ralph, Schmidt, Ulrike, Schneider, Andrea, Veelken, Roland, Donhauser, Claudia, Becker, Lui, Miftari, Nexhat, Wolfling, Ricarda, Morlok, Sarah, Hugo, Christian, Paliege, Alexander, Passauer, Jen, Stumpf, Julian, Fleischer, Annegret, Haaser, Kerstin, Kraemer, Bernhard, Jochims, Jan, Kruger, Bernd, Foellinger, Claudia, Reisler, Anastassiya, Strutz, Frank, Haack, Stefan, Hohenstatt, Ursula, Busch, Martin, Herfurth, Konstantin, Wolf, Gunter, Paul, Rainer, Haller, Hermann, Kaufeld, Jessica, Menne, Jan, Bahlmann-Kroll, Elisabeth, Bergner, Angela, Weihprecht, Horst, Er, Aydin, Sonntag, Florian, Turan, Elif, Wittmann, Michael, Klauser, Franziska, Voigt, Eva, Schettler, Volker, Schulz, Egbert, Rohnstock, Madlen, Schettler, Elke, Schroppel, Bernd, van Erp, Rene, Kachele, Martin, Ludwig, Ulla, Schulte-Kemna, Lena, Kmietschak, Waltraud, Preiss, Elke, Ruocco, Martina, Heine, Gunnar, Brzoska, Martin, Gabel, Sebastian, Büttner, Christina, Sabarai, Asma, Banas, Bernhard, Bergler, Tobia, Ehrl, Yvonne, Putz, Franz, Schuster, Antonia, Kuhn, Stefanie, Schramm, Torsten, Degenhardt, Stefan, Schmidt, Gerhard, Weiland, Lea, Giebeln-Hudnell, Ulrike, Kielstein, Jan, Eden, Gabriele, Fuchs, Brigitte, Morig, Gina, Winkler, Manuela, Darius, Harald, Kriatselis, Charalampo, Roesch, Carl-Philipp, Maselli, Astrid, Alscher, Dominik, Ketteler, Marku, Schanz, Moritz, Schricker, Severin, Rettenmaier, Bianka, Schwab, Andrea, Pergola, Pablo, Leal, Irene, Cagle, Melissa, Romo, Anna, Torres, Anthony, Joshi, Sucharit, Barrett, Kulli, Africano, Alexi, Dodds, Vicki, Gowen, Dorleena, Morris, Ashlee, Fernandez, Juan, Jimenez, Guillermo, Viera, Ricardo, Bruce, Kendaling, Barrios, Ryan, Garcia, Maylin, Garcia, Kerelyn, Leal, Iradi, Tietjen, David, Bains, David, Castillo, Carlo, Brewer, Genielle, Davis, Justin, Freking, Natalie, Golson, Brittany, Ham, Sally, Roesch, Jesslyn, Suchinda, Pusadee, Beigh, Shameem, Lilavivat, Usah, Bilton, Joyce, Bocchicchia, Kim, Turner, Jeffrey, Dahl, Neera, Peixoto, Aldo, Kavak, Yasemin, Liberti, Lauren, Nair, Hari, Page, Nicola, Rosenberg, Stephanie, Simmons, Kathryn, Isakova, Tamara, Frazier, Rebecca, Mehta, Rupal, Srivastava, Anand, Fox, Patrick, Hecktman, Jonathan, Hodakowski, Alexander, Martinez, Carlo, Phillips, Rachel, Stevenson, Alexi, Mustafa, Reem, Jansson, Kyle, Kimber, Cassandra, Stubbs, Jason, Tuffaha, Ahmad, Yarlagadda, Sri, Griffin, Debbie, Laundy, Elisabeth, Tang, Zhuo, Alicic, Radica, Cooper, Ann, Davis, Lisa, Gore, Ashwini, Goldfaden, Rebecca, Harvill, Leslie, Hichkad, Lisa, Johns, Barry, Jones, Thoma, Merritt, Kayla, Sheldon, Jennifer, Stanfield, Jennifer, Alexander, Lindsay, Preston, Kaitlyn, Wood, Lindsey, Pradhan, Rajesh, Deraad, Roger, Mcintosh, Kelli, Raymond, Loui, Shepperd, Michael, Mclaughlin, Susan, Seifert, Mary, Shepherd, Andrew, Aiello, Joseph, Durham, William, Loudermilk, Laurie, Manley, John, Burnette, Sabrina, Evans, Stephanie, Johnson, Tara, Sloan, Lance, Ann Acosta, Judy, Gillham, Stacy, Sloan, Katia, Squyres, Sueann, Rocco, Michael, Hawfield, Amret, Bagwell, Ben, Richmond, Lauren, Soufer, Joseph, Clarke, Subha, Aliu, Amanda, Calabrese, Kristine, Davis, Amanda, Poma, Veronica, Spinola, Tracy, Magee, Jame, Silva, Ricardo, Choksi, Rushab, Dajani, Lorraine, Evans, John, George, Anil, Krish, Prasanth, Martins, Gerard, Sheikh-Ali, Mae, Sutton, David, Driver, Freda, Hanburry, Abraham, Hume, Laura, Hurst, Amber, Taddeo, Matthew, Turner, Marla, Yousif, Veronica, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Al-Rabadi, Laith, Abraham, Nikita, Caamano, Amalia, Carle, Judy, Gonce, Victoria, Staylor, Kaitlyn, Zhou, Na, Bansal, Shweta, Bhattarai, Manoj, Sharma, Kumar, Debnath, Subrata, Garza, Aliseiya, Velagapudi, Chakradhar, Rovner, Sergio, Almeida, Javier, Casares, Pablo, Stewart-Ray, Verlaine, Almaraz, Rene, Dayrell, Renata, Moncada, Ana, Pulido, Ricardo, Rodriquez, Roxana, Deeb, Wasim, Degoursey, Kathryn, Gloria, Rodel, Greene, Trevor, Miller, Robert, Pereira, Edward, Roura, Miguel, Domingo, Debbie, Dorestin, Sasha, Hodge, William, Jackson, Cathy, Lund, Deborah, Taylor, Katrina, Boren, Kenneth, Cleveland, Brittany, Gaiser, Sandra, Sahani, Mandeep, Aldrich, Logan, Edmerson, Exodu, Limon, Edmond, Valletta, Cole, Vasquez, Patricia, Provenzano, Christopher, Brar, Navkiranjot, Henderson, Heather, Keith, Bellovich, Khai, Qur, Khairullah, Quresh, Makos, Gail, Topf, Joel, Gasko, Sherry, Henschel, Rosemarie, Knapp, Kaitlin, Kozlowski, Teresa, Lafleur, Paula, Varughese, Ashwathy, Xue, Hui, Wu, Patricia, Arechiga, Olga, Darbeau, Shan, Fechter, Michael, Martinez, Stephanie, Hanson, Lenita, Cooper, Nyla, Madera, Areli, Cadorna, Jay, Sheridan, Rita, Sparks, Helen, Eilerman, Bradley, Bodine, Susanne, Eid, Wael, Flora, Rebecca, Avery, Amber, Hardy, Cashmere, Biscoveanu, Mihaela, Nagelberg, Steven, Cummins, Tracey, Rahbari-Oskoui, Frederic, Oommen, Anju, Forghani, Zohreh, Hitchcock, Stacie, Hosein, Darya, Watkins, Diane, Patel, Minesh, Lambert, Anthony, Newman, Elizabeth, Wood, Autumn, Ross, Tammy, Topping, Stephany, Mulhern, Jeffrey, Murphy, Lorna, Vasseur, Ann, Greenwood, Gregory, Hadley, Alexander, Laurienti, Denise, Marshall, Christopher, Mclean, Nichola, Satko, Scott, Caudill, Brandy, Maris, Jacob, Rogers, Janice, Vanhoy, Cindy, Thomas, George, Nakhoul, George, O'Toole, John, Taliercio, Jonathan, Cooperman, Leslie, Markovic, Marina, Tucky, Barbara, Dev, Devasmita, Hasan, Alia, Yalamanchili, Hima, Jain, Namita, Mcneil, Lesley, Wines, Eric, Park, Jean, Ghazi, Adline, Hamm, Mia, Patel, Teja, Mottl, Amy, Chang, Emily, Derebail, Vimal, Cole, Emmie, Froment, Anne, Kelley, Sara, Osmond Foster, Jordan, Mahabadi, Vahid, Jafari, Golriz, Kamarzarian, Anita, Arriaga, Wendy, Arteaga, Daisy, Machicado, Rosario, Naverrete, Genesi, Kumar, Prashant, Nazeer, Imran, Urquia, Karina, Glider, Tammi, Jones, Vickie, Rucker, Savannah, Wiley, Jennifer, Pandey, Rahul, Arroyo, Jesu, Pariani, Harish, Ahmad, Mohammad, Mozaffari, Shahin, Perez, Erika, Budoff, Matthew, Roy, Sion, Birudaraju, Divya, Ghanem, Ahmed, Hamal, Sajad, Aronoff, Stephen, Joye Petr, Elisa, Sachson, Richard, Wiebel, Jaime, Akram, Sana, Jones, Laurie, Knight, Curti, Tarlac, Maurie, Ahmed, Shahbaz, Szerlip, Harold, Akinfolarin, Akinwande, Mehta, Ankit, Camp, Shana, Castro, Cindy, Cooper, Zanaida, Terry, Jessica, Awad, Ahmed, Kothapalli, Bhavya, Lustig, Ryan, Alfaress, Serine, Jasim, Hyder, Parrigon, Mary, Karounos, Denni, Ahmed, Sadiq, Berry, Maggie, Oremus, Ruth, Hernandez-Cassis, Carlo, Ugwu, Elia, Junejo, Nazia, Suazo, Nancy, Segal, Mark, Kazory, Amir, Brown, Sherry, Daniels, Tristan, Dayi, Sofia, Hogan, Renee, Mccray, Kathy, Stickley, Jennifer, Rahman, Mahboob, Dobre, Mirela, Negrea, Lavinia, Padiyar, Aparna, Pradhan, Nishigandha, Rashidi, Arash, Sarabu, Nagaraju, Donley, Vicki, Young, Tricia, Oguchi, Godson, Onyema, Judepatrick, Damianik, Kahla, Dienes, Jack, Plummer-Morgan, Judith, Roman, Marilyn, Skipper, Mauver, Villaruel, Stacey-Ann, Williams, Krystle, Sugimoto, Danny, Dugas, Jeffrey, Ahmed, Ismeal, Bhairoo, Jamie, Rijos, Dolore, Salim, Huzaifa, Gavrila, Madita, Lafferty, Kathryn, Rabara, Ria, Ruse, Sally, Weetman, Maria, Bushnell, Jame, Power, Albert, Jenkins, Alison, Jones, Stefanie, Scott, Amanda, Byrne, Cath, Jesky, Mark, Cowley, Alison, Mchaffie, Emma, Waterfall, Holly, Taylor, Jo, Bough, Laura, Phillips, Thoma, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Phin Kon, Sui, Macdougall, Iain, Lioudaki, Eirini, Shah, Sapna, Sharpe, Claire, Aguilar, Francisco, Hernandez Pena, Abegail, Pugay, Conception, Te, Amelia, Finn, Hugh, Hanif, Wasim, Mostafa, Samiul, Aitken, Alice, Draxlbauer, Katharine, Grobovaite, Evelina, Kearney, Jennifer, Mccarthy, Theresa, Gentile, Giorgio, Browne, Duncan, Chellamuthu, Palanichamy, Dugal, Tabinda, Chant, Terri, Jones, Laura, Laity, Emily, Miners, Megan, Muir, Jame, Swanson, Elizabeth, Frankel, Andrew, Tomlinson, Jame, Alegata, Marlon, Almasarwah, Rashid, Apostolidi, Anthoula, Vourvou, Maria, Walters, Thoma, Taal, Maarten, Dukka, Hari, Kolhe, Nitin, Mcdonald, Carly, White, Kelly, Ugni, Shiva, Gunda, Smita, Oluyombo, Rotimi, Brindle, Vicki, Coutts, Ping, Fuller, Tracy, Nadar, Evelyn, Ramadoss, Suresh, Motherwell, Nichola, Pajak, Susannah, Tonks, Louise, Bhandari, Sunil, Bodington, Richard, Hazara, Adil, Fellowes, Dominic, Wong, Christopher, Goldsmith, Christopher, Barnes, Sherald, Bennett, Ann, Burston, Claire, Hope, Samantha, Hunt, Nicola, Kurian, Lini, Fish, Richard, Farrugia, Daniela, Lee, Judy, Sadler, Emma, Turner, Hannah, Hill, Christopher, Brown, Henry, Masengu, Agne, Maxwell, Peter, Bleakley, Nina, Murtagh, Hugh, Petchey, William, Yiu, Vivian, Kellett, Joanne, Williams, Angharad, Clarke, Helen, Carnall, Victoria, Benyon, Sarah, Blake, Caroline, Estcourt, Stephanie, Piper, Jane, Morgan, Neal, Hutchinson, Carolyn, Mckinley, Teresa, Woodman, Alastair, Graham, Judi, Leonard, Niall, Smyth, John, Adell, Vicki, Hagan, Samantha, Caplin, Ben, Oomatia, Amin, Damian, Eleanor, Sobande, Toluleyi, Doulton, Tim, Delaney, Michael, Montasser, Mahmoud, Hansen, Jenny, Loader, David, Moon, Angela, Morris, France, Sinha, Smeeta, Chukwu, Chukwuma, Hudson, Amy, Campbell, Diane, Kershaw, Melanie, Whittaker, Stephanie, Irtiza-Ali, Ayesha, Ghalli, Farid, Nosseir, Heba, Leslie, Allison, Trivedi, Kate, Fraser, Donald, Alhadj Ali, Mohammad, Griffin, Sian, Latif, Farah, Witczak, Justyna, Wonnacott, Alexa, Jeffers, Lynda, Webley, Yvette, Phelan, Paul, Miller-Hodges, Eve, Geddes, Ailsa, Glenwright, Margaret, Hunter, Amy, Pickett, Thoma, Moriarty, Jim, Hill, Linda, Tyler, Amanda, Ayub, Waqar, Evans, Gail, Hewins, Sue, Hewitt, Davina, Read, Kerry, Bell, Samira, Cosgrove, Leanne, Craik, Rachel, Murray, Shona, Bhandary, Nitin, Coles, Holly, Easow, Rashmi, Joseph, Maya, Khwaja, Arif, Jackson, Yvonne, Mbuyisa, Angeline, Sellars, Rachel, Chitalia, Nihil, Mohandas, Cynthia, Gherman, Anca, Kamundi, Charlotte, Olufuwa, Olumide, Mccafferty, Kieran, Adeleke, Adedolapo, Healy, Cara, Jeyarajah, Damini, Kinsella-Perks, Edward, Smith, Richard, Camilleri, Brian, Buckman, Carol, Finch, Jenny, Rivers, Vanessa, Connor, Andrew, Carr, Sheila, Shainberg, Lisa, Lewington, Andrew, Baker, Richard, Dorey, Suzannah, Tobin, Kay, Wheatley, Rosalyn, Banerjee, Debasish, Hull, Richard, Abat, Sharirose, Paul, Riny, Karim, Mahzuz, Htet, Zay, Tufail, Saad, Varma, Ravi, Convery, Karen, Fottrell-Gould, Deirdre, Hudig, Lisa, Tropman, Emily, Abdul-Samad, Thahir, Grace, Anne, Phipps, Marie, Suckling, Rebecca, Somalanka, Subash, Sood, Bhrigu, Swift, Pauline, Acheampong, Sarah, Ansu, Kwame, Augustin, Martia, Sampson, Anna, Vinall, Lynn, Wren, Kim, Wanninayake, Shamila, Wooding, Nichola, Edwards, Heather, Owen, Lydia, Bolton, Stephanie, Carson, Marion, Matthews, Michael, Brunskill, Nigel, Jesus-Silva, Jorge, Howson, Alex, Quashie-Akponeware, Mary, Tindall, Hilary, Nethaji, Chidambaram, Eldon, Helen, Patel, Rajan, Mark, Patrick, Rankin, Alastair, Sullivan, Michael, Forsyth, Kirsty, Mcdougall, Rowan, Dasgupta, Tanaji, Davies, Louisa, Ryder, Maggie, Grimmer, Philip, Macdonald, Clare, Webster, Mary, Newcastle, Newcastle, Ellam, Timothy, Wong, Edwin, Meshykhi, Christine, Webster, Andrea, Wilson, Peter, Vilar, Enric, Berdeprado, Jocelyn, Doctolero, Eunice, Wilkinson, Lily, Mccarroll, Frank, Ammar, Hesham, Kuan, Ying, Moran, Conor, Shivashankar, Girish, Campbell, Ryan, Glowski, Deborah, Mcdermott, Paula, Ali, Amar, Patel, Zuber, Bond, Christine, Whalley, Gillian, Zhang, Haitao, Yang, Liu, Zhang, Lihua, Kan, Tingting, Zhu, Ling, Zhao, Jinghong, Hou, Weiping, Wu, Jing, Cheng, Hong, Bian, Weijing, Zhao, Zhirui, Shao, Fengmin, Cao, Huixia, Jiao, Xiaojing, Niu, Peiyuan, Niu, Jianying, Chen, Yu, Zhang, Lihong, Zhu, Shenglang, Lin, Haiyan, Yao, Shaopeng, Chen, Jiehui, Jiang, Ying, Hu, Ying, Xiao, Huaying, Yang, Fuye, Zhang, Xinzhou, Guo, Baochun, Jin, Qiu, Liu, Lixia, Xiao, Xiangcheng, Xie, Yanyun, Meng, Ting, Xu, Chuanwen, Huang, Jie, Xu, Yanmei, Kong, Weixin, Wang, Xiaoliang, Liu, Qianpan, Wang, Xueying, Gao, Ming, Hu, Xiumei, Lu, Ying, Wang, Li, Peng, Kun, Wang, Wei, Gong, Qiuhong, Cai, Jianfang, Li, Xiaojue, Liu, Xuejiao, Zhou, Shuhan, Liu, Hong, Weng, Yao, Tang, Shuai, Yao, Yao, Zhao, Shi, Cheng, Chen, Wei, Wei, Li, Na, Aqashiah Mazlan, Sadanah, Zubaidah Bahtar, Alia, Katiman, Elliyyin, Othman, Noraini, Mushahar, Lily, Mazlan, Nurdiana, Sharafina Safiee, Nur, Ramasamy, Sarasa, Seng Wong, Hin, Ahmad Rosdi, Hajar, Zhao Zhi Tan, Esther, Fan Tay, Ju, Seng Teng, Kok, Yahaya, Hasnah, Jiun Liu, Wen, Wee Ee, Lik, Kay Leong Khoo, Kenneth, Mohd Yusoff, Yuana, Safhan Mohamad Nor, Fariz, Kamil Ahmad, Mohd, Ramli Seman, Mohd, Hui Hong Tan, Clare, Lui Sian Ngu, Laura, Yoke May Chan, Jaime, Peji, Javelin, Loong Loh, Chek, Yan Lee, Yee, Ramanaidu, Sridhar, Mean Thong, Kah, Hong Wong, Yik, Junus, Suria, Hua Ching, Chen, Faisal Asmee, Mohammad, Ruziana Ku Md Razi, Ku, Leong Low, Chun, Sze Bing Sim, Christopher, Duan Tham, Zhang, Kamila Abdullah, Noor, Meng Chen, Tai, Chieh Chan, Yong, Chang, Eason, Yean Kang, Huan, Quan Lee, Kai, Ann Lee, Sue, Kheng Lee, Aik, Vinathan, Jeevika, Abdul Cader, Rizna, Mustafar, Ruslinda, Kamaruzaman, Lydia, Mohd, Rozita, Ismail, Rahimah, Men Leong, Chong, Koon Low, Chee, Wei Wong, Liang, Adnan, Norlezah, Ibrahim, Sabariah, Zaimi Abdul Wahab, Mohamad, Bavanandan, Sunita, Shen Lim, Yik, Hazlina Wan Mohamad, Wan, Munirah Jaafar, Siti, Ashykeen Mohd Fauzi, Nur, Sudin, Aziee, Kun Lim, Soo, Chung Gan, Chye, Hing, Albert, Ahmad Faizal Alaidin Razali, Wan, Fong Liew, Yew, Bao Tyng Chan, Chelsia, Chih Cheng, Mei, Chen Ong, Yu, Meng Ong, Loke, Amalina Mohamed Affandi, Farah, Rahmat, Korina, Chai Peng, Ban, Amat, Masayu, Hadafi Ahmad, Nuzaimin, Yee Mah, Doo, Loon Tye, Yi, Azhari, Zaid, Nabilah Mohamad Zaini, Siti, Aidil Musa, Mohd, Ahmad Miswan, Norazinizah, Ramli, Rafizanur, Aziah Ahmad, Nor, Leong Goh, Bak, Izah Ahmad, Nurul, Huda Ibrahim, Fairol, Jian Ng, Tze, Shanmuganathan, Malini, Lian Tay, Li, Harun, Zaiha, Ramli, Salmi, 'Ain Yusof, Nurul, Abd Rahman, Rossenizal, Iqbal Abdul Hafidz, Muhammad, Hidayati Mohd Sharif, Nur, Yasmoon Awang, Irda, Nakashima, Eitaro, Imamine, Rui, Minatoguchi, Makiko, Miura, Yukari, Nakaoka, Miduki, Suzuki, Yoshiki, Yoshikawa, Hitomi, Shin, Koki, Fujita, Kanae, Iwasa, Misuzu, Sasajima, Haruka, Sato, Airi, Hamamoto, Yoshiyuki, Fujita, Yuki, Haraguchi, Takuya, Hyo, Takanori, Izumi, Kiyohiro, Komiya, Toshiyuki, Kubota, Sodai, Kurose, Takeshi, Kuwata, Hitoshi, Nakatani, Susumu, Oishi, Kaori, Okamoto, Saki, Okamura, Kaori, Takeoka, Jun, Tanaka, Nagaaki, Tanigaki, Katsuya, Toda, Naohiro, Watanabe, Koin, Komori, Hiromi, Kumuji, Rika, Takesada, Asako, Tanaka, Aya, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hasegawa, Tomonori, Ishiguro, Akiko, Ishimoto, Takuji, Ito, Kazuhiro, Kamimura, Yutaka, Kato, Noritoshi, Kato, Sawako, Kojima, Hiroshi, Kosugi, Tomoki, Maeda, Kayaho, Mizuno, Masasi, Saito, Shoji, Sato, Hitomi, Sato, Yuka, Suzuki, Yasuhiro, Tanaka, Akihito, Yasuda, Yoshinari, Hasegawa, Fujiko, Hayashi, Maiko, Higashi, Shizuka, Shimamura, Kaho, Sumi, Momoko, Tajima, Kazuki, Unekawa, Chimaki, Wakayama, Kana, Wakita, Yukiko, Otani, Takatoshi, Imai, Ayako, Kawashima, Sayaka, Kogure, Eri, Sato, Tomoe, Takezawa, Misato, Yoshida, Shinya, Araki, Hideo, Katsuda, Yuko, Konishi, Masahiro, Matsunaga, Takahiro, Oe, Masashi, Ogane, Kunihiro, Sakai, Masato, Takahashi, Tomoko, Yamano, Takahiro, Yokoyama, Takuya, Ito, Hitomi, Katayama, Masayo, Kuroda, Emi, Ikeda, Toru, Kojo, Takuma, Yoshidome, Etsuo, Mizumachi, Rieko, Yamamoto, Akane, Yamasaki, Narihisa, Yamasaki, Yoshihiko, Wada, Jun, Eguchi, Jun, Higuchi, Chigusa, Katayama, Akihiro, Kinomura, Masaru, Kitagawa, Masashi, Kitamura, Shinji, Miyamoto, Satoshi, Morinaga, Hiroshi, Nakatsuka, Atsuko, Nojima, Ichiro, Shikata, Kenichi, Sugiyama, Hitoshi, Tanabe, Katsuyuki, Tsuji, Kenji, Uchida, Haruhito, Watanabe, Mayu, Hashimoto, Chie, Kato, Takahiro, Yamamoto, Sayaka, Wada, Takehiko, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Hamano, Naoto, Koizumi, Masahiro, Komaba, Hirotaka, Nakagawa, Yosuke, Iwamoto, Michiyo, Masutani, Kosuke, Katanosaka, Akane, Kiyota, Mayu, Uchi, Hikari, Ueda, Yuka, Yamamoto, Sonoka, Nagasu, Hajime, Itano, Seiji, Iwakura, Tsukasa, Kadoya, Hiroyuki, Kanda, Eiichiro, Kashihara, Naoki, Kidokoro, Kengo, Kondo, Megumi, Sasaki, Tamaki, Satoh, Minoru, Tokuyama, Atsuyuki, Umeno, Reina, Wada, Yoshihisa, Yamamoto, Toshiya, Yamanouchi, Yu, Abe, Masumi, Inukai, Yoko, Ogawa, Wataru, Asahara, Shunichiro, Fujii, Hideki, Goto, Shunsuke, Hirota, Yushi, Hosooka, Tetsuya, Kono, Keiji, Nishi, Shinichi, Okada, Yuko, Sakaguchi, Kazuhiko, Sugawara, Kenji, Takahashi, Michiko, Takai, Tomoko, Tamori, Yoshikazu, Watanabe, Kentaro, Kitajima, Miyu, Nishi, Misaki, Wada, Junko, Ito, Yasuhiko, Kamiya, Hideki, Asai, Akimasa, Asai, Nao, Asano, Saeko, Banno, Shogo, Ejima, Yohei, Hase, Hanako, Hayami, Tomohide, Himeno, Tatsuhito, Ishikawa, Takahiro, Ito, Mayumi, Iwagaitsu, Shiho, Kasagi, Rina, Kato, Yoshiro, Kato, Makoto, Kato, Koichi, Katsuno, Takayuki, Kawai, Miyuka, Kinashi, Hiroshi, Kondo, Masaki, Koshino, Masako, Matsuoka, Naoya, Morishita, Yoshiaki, Motegi, Mikio, Nakamura, Jiro, Shimoda, Hiromi, Sugiyama, Hirokazu, Tsunekawa, Shin, Yamaguchi, Makoto, Takahashi, Kazuyo, Watada, Hirotaka, Funayama, Takashi, Furukawa, Yasuhiko, Gohda, Tomohito, Goto, Hiromasa, Kaga, Hideyoshi, Kanaguchi, Yasuhiko, Kanazawa, Akio, Kaneko, Kayo, Kano, Toshiki, Kihara, Masao, Kimura, Shogo, Kobayashi, Takashi, Maiguma, Masayuki, Makita, Yuko, Mano, Satoshi, Mita, Tomoya, Miyatsuka, Takeshi, Murakoshi, Maki, Muto, Masahiro, Nakata, Masami, Nakata, Junichiro, Nishida, Yuya, Nohara, Nao, Ogihara, Takeshi, Sato, Daisuke, Sato, Junko, Sato, Hiroaki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Suzuki, Ruka, Suzuki, Hitoshi, Takagi, Miyuki, Tamura, Yoshifumi, Uchida, Toyoyoshi, Ueda, Seiji, Asawa, Miki, Miyaji, Minako, Nagashima, Eri, Shibata, Yoshie, Yanagisawa, Eri, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Hirakawa, Yosuke, Nishi, Hiroshi, Shojima, Nobuhiro, Horikawa, Satoko, Nakayama, Yukiko, Yamada, Naoko, Omori, Yuki, Yano, Shintaro, Ioka, Miyabi, Kuwabara, Nahoko, Nagano, Remi, Nozawa, Megumi, Osawa, Yumi, Maegawa, Hiroshi, Kume, Shinji, Araki, Shinichi, Miyazawa, Itsuko, Morino, Katsutaro, Kawai, Ikuko, Sobata, Masumi, Takaoka, Motoko, Iwaita, Yasushi, Udagawa, Takashi, Inamori, Ami, Kawase, Aya, Yamanaka, Aya, Shimano, Hitoshi, Fujita, Akiko, Iwasaki, Hitoshi, Kai, Hirayasu, Osaki, Yoshinori, Saito, Chie, Sekiya, Motohiro, Tsunoda, Ryoya, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Nakamura, Rikako, Yamada, Aiko, Ohsugi, Mitsuru, Awazawa, Motoharu, Bouchi, Ryotaro, Hashimoto, Shota, Hashimoto, Makiko, Hisatake, Tomoko, Ihana, Noriko, Ishizuka, Koko, Izumi, Kazuo, Kajio, Hiroshi, Kobayashi, Michi, Kodani, Noriko, Maruyama, Koji, Matsumoto, Michihiro, Matsushita, Maya, Nakamura, Tomoka, Sugiyama, Takehiro, Tanabe, Akiyo, Terakawa, Aiko, Ueki, Kojiro, Orimo, Yuko, Ozawa, Takako, Takahira, Eriko, Yamasaki, Yoshimitsu, Haneda, Masakazu, Tomita, Tadahiro, Akimoto, Saori, Fujimoto, Akihiro, Ishihara, Kenji, Murakami, Chiho, Nishiyama, Akiyo, Toyonaga, Yukiko, Uozumi, Kana, Yamaji, Yukihiro, Shigehara, Tetsuya, Okajyo, Jun, Shimizu, Yukihiro, Iwasaki, Shingo, Fukao, Yuki, Furusho, Megumi, Nunokawa, Shintaro, Katagiri, Hideki, Izumi, Tomohito, Kaneko, Keizo, Kodama, Shinjiro, Miyazaki, Mariko, Munakata, Yuichiro, Nagasawa, Tasuku, Oe, Yuji, Sugawara, Hiroto, Takahashi, Kei, Hirata, Kazushige, Inomata, Keiko, Otomo, Shoko, Uchida, Taeko, Yamashita, Chigusa, Kiyosue, Arihiro, Tamura, Ryota, Dube, Francoi, Bolduc, Marilene, Talbot, Marie-Christine, Cham, Leslie, Lai, Vesta, Tse, Josephine, Jolly, Shivinder, Duck, Tabbatha, Lyle, Scott, Epp, Rachel, Galloway, Camille, Haskett, Susan, Matvienko, Elizabeta, Paulsen, Liam, Moist, Louise, Lozon, Zabrina, Ramsey, Tina, Whitmore, Brittany, Al-Zeer, Bader, Macleod, Paula, O'Sullivan, Aoife, Sheriff, Zainab, Tholl, Sam, Pandey, Amritanshu, Armstrong, Samantha, Gebeyehu, Bethelihem, Toth, Patrick, Goldenberg, Ronald, Jahangiriesmaili, Mahsa, Sanguila, Shariff, Suresh, Neethi, Talsania, Tanvi, Zalunardo, Nadia, Agharazii, Mohsen, Roussel, Marie-Pier, Saillant, Annie, Samson, France, Bajaj, Harpreet, Bhavsar, Miken, Dhall, Parul, Dhillon, Gagandeep, Grewal, Bhupinder, Nimbkar, Taniya, Madore, Francoi, Marcotte, Guylaine, Steen, Oren, Bullen, Mathura, Raguwaran, Shayani, Valleteau, Andre, Langlois, Marie-France, Brown, Christine, Steele, Andrew, Garrity, Melissa, Ghate, Taneera, Robinson, Holly, Tolibas, Michael, Tailor, Chetna, Elliott, Lauren, McClary-Wright, Christine, Boreky, Fadia, Fikry, Sameh, Ali, Ayesha, Barot, Chintankumar, Basily, Wagdy, Saram, Thisun, Varad, Vinay, Khandwala, Hasnain, Aguilera, Alex, Alvarez, Patricia, Gill, Balwinder, Huda, Nazihah, Navivala, Aamir, Pinto, Daniel, Bevilacqua, Micheli, Fung, Elaine, Hernandez, Geraldine, Mann, Puneet, Saini, Jaskiran, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Bovan, Danijela, Devaux, Marie, Barnini, Cecilia, Leoncini, Giovanna, Manco, Luca, Nobili, Giulia, Piemontese, Matteo, Aucella, Filippo, Grifa, Rachele, Totaro, Francesco, La Manna, Gaetano, Capelli, Irene, Cianciolo, Giuseppe, Lerario, Sarah, Zappulo, Fulvia, Rosati, Alberto, Fani, Filippo, Spatoliatore, Giuseppe, Gesualdo, Loreto, Pesce, Francesco, Russo, Maria, Zippo, Maria, Cafiero, Cesira, Motta, Daria, Bianco, Simona, Bilucaglia, Donatella, Messa, Piergiorgio, Pavone, Laura, Tripodi, Federica, Vettoretti, Simone, Fioretto, Paola, Carraro, Gianni, Farnia, Filippo, Postal, Anna, D'Amelio, Alessandro, Cardone, Antonio, Piccinni, Giovanni, Aloisi, Annalisa, Scolari, Francesco, Alberici, Federico, Guerini, Alice, Saccà, Chiara, Salviani, Chiara, Zani, Roberta, DE NICOLA, Luca, Garofalo, Carlo, Elena Liberti, Maria, Minutolo, Roberto, Pennino, Luigi, Polese, Lucio, Mené, Paolo, Barberi, Simona, Falcone, Clorinda, Russo, Francesco, Caroppo, Maurizio, Santorelli, Gennaro, Rivera, Rodolfo, Santoro, Domenico, Giuffrida, Alfio, Zirino, Fortunata, Calvi, Cristina, Estienne, Luca, Gambaro, Giovanni, Gangemi, Concetta, Ortalda, Vittorio, Pessolano, Giuseppina, Grandaliano, Giuseppe, Baccaro, Rocco, Ferraro, Pietro, Mangiacapra, Roberto, Melandri, Marco, Foligno, Nadia, Quartagno, Rita, Vezzoli, Giuseppe, Brioni, Elena, and Group, EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative
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chronic renal disease ,empagliflozin ,empa-kidney ,General Medicine - Abstract
Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; PConclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and others; EMPA-KIDNEY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03594110. opens in new tab; EudraCT number, 2017-002971-24. opens in new tab.)
- Published
- 2023
23. L’importanza del vaccino anti Covid-19 nei pazienti affetti da malattia del rene policistico autosomico dominante dell’adulto (ADPKD)
- Author
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Maria Teresa Sciarrone Alibrandi, Giancarlo Joli, Elena Brioni, Marta Vespa, Romina Bucci, and Rodolfo Rivera
- Subjects
RC870-923 ,ADPKD patients ,SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) ,Vaccine ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology - Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) infection affected about 106 million people worldwide and the total amount of casualties now sits at a staggering 2 millions. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) emerged as the first risk factor in worst patients, not considering old age. Kidney disease and acute kidney injury have been correlated with a higher chance of death. This combination of CKD and higher Covid-19 related mortality requires immediate response from a prevention point of view at first and then from a therapeutic one. There is not a clear relation between Covid-19 and ADPKD. What can be inferred is the following: Covid uses the ACE2 receptors on cell membranes to “lock on” its target. It is well-established in fact that the RAAS is more active in ADPKD patients and it may represent an additional risk factor for these patients. At the moment three Covid-19 vaccines have been approved, and two of them have been already administered, such as Pfizer BioNTech and Moderna, sharing the same mechanism. AstraZeneca released a third option. All of them are completely safe and reliable, each one with its own feature. Therefore, considering how delicate ADPKD patients are, vaccination is strongly recommended.
- Published
- 2021
24. Prevenzione primaria della malattia cardiovascolare: c’è bisogno di un’aspirina?
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Luca Di Lullo, F. Marrocco, Fulvio Floccari, and Rodolfo Rivera
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lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aspirin ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,Internal medicine ,Primary prevention ,medicine ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,business ,Major bleeding ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The efficacy of antiplatelet treatment with aspirin in the primary prevention of major cardiovascular events was questioned during 2018, following a new series of trials that we summarize here in a quick synoptic overview. The three studies involved are the ASPREE trial, the ASCEND study and the ARRIVE trial. These studies all have a double-blind randomized design, and 100 mg/day aspirin was administered with an intention-to-treat approach and against placebo. Age of the enrolled patients, prevalence of diabetes mellitus and geographical location of other studies are just some of the elements analyzed here, in addition to the different problems of cardiovascular events. The ASPREE study observed a marginal reduction of cardiovascular events with the use of aspirin, by approximately 5% with a confidence interval at risk of insignificancy. On the other hand, the increased risk of a hemorrhagic event appeared to be rather robust, resulting between 18% and 62%. The ASCEND study observed a reduction in cardiovascular events of around 12%, offset by an increase in the risk of major bleeding between 9% and 52%. The ARRIVE study did not detect any incidence of major cardiovascular events, while the risk of major bleeding appeared to even double. The evidences of the current literature push us to review a widespread conviction among professionals who fight the war against cardiovascular disease every day: the prescription of aspirin in the primary prevention can no longer happen systematically, and every single prescription need care between benefits and dangers connected to the treatment.
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- 2019
25. La sindrome anemica cardio-renale. Terza parte: Terapia
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Fulvio Floccari, Rodolfo Rivera, Maria Teresa Sciarrone Alibrandi, Antonio Bellassi, Antonio De Pascalis, e Claudio Ronco, and Luca Di Lullo
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lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Anemia ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,medicine.disease ,humanities ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,business ,Iron therapy ,Congestive heart failure chf - Abstract
Cardio-renal anemia syndrome. Third part: TherapyIn the previous sections of this chapter the clinical, epidemiological, pathophysiological and diagnostic aspects of cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CR...
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- 2018
26. La patologia del pericardio e la malattia renale cronica
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Emiliana Ferramosca, Rodolfo Rivera, Mario Timio, L. Di Lullo, Alberto Santoboni, Fulvio Floccari, M. Malaguti, Antonio Bellasi, and A. De Pascalis
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Constrictive pericarditis ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,medicine.disease ,Pericardial effusion ,Versamento Pericardico ,Acute pericarditis ,Internal medicine ,Heart failure ,Cardiology ,medicine ,Malattia Renale Cronica ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Renal replacement therapy ,Hemodialysis ,Pericardite Acuta ,Uremic pericarditis ,Pericardite Costrittiva ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
I pazienti affetti da malattia renale cronica possono andare incontro a tutta una serie di patologie che colpiscono il pericardio ma, sicuramente, alcune entità nosologiche sono più frequenti di altre. Gli ultimi decenni hanno assistito, per fortuna nostra e dei nostri pazienti, a un netto miglioramento per quanto concerne i protocolli terapeutici per i pazienti nefropatici e le forme tipiche di pericardite uremica, così frequenti negli anni passati, sono ormai uno sbiadito ricordo. È tuttora frequente osservare pazienti con versamento pericardico (idiopatico, ovvero secondario a malattie sistemiche), soprattutto per quanto concerne i pazienti sottoposti a trattamenti depurativi extracorporei ed i pazienti che iniziano il trattamento dialitico in condizioni di emergenza/urgenza (ad esempio, pazienti affetti da scompenso cardiaco congestizio); il versamento pericardico viene schematicamente classificato in lieve, moderato e severo in base all'interessamento più o meno globale del pericardio. Meno frequenti sono gli episodi di pericardite acuta (anch'essa idiopatica o secondaria), spesso su base virale, neoplasticae/o immunologica (vedi pazienti trapiantati in terapia immunosoppressiva). Le forme di pericardite costrittiva sono più rare a documentarsi in corso di malattia renale cronica e, in genere, rappresentano lo stadio finale di diverse patologie sistemiche: l'esito finale è, in genere, la fibrosi pericardica. (Cardionephrology)
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- 2018
27. L'ipertensione polmonare e lo scompenso cardiaco destro nella malattia renale cronica: curiosità da cardionefrologo?
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Rodolfo Rivera, Mario Timio, Fulvio Fiorini, Alessandro D'Amelio, Fulvio Floccari, Antonio Granata, and L. Di Lullo
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lcsh:Internal medicine ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,General Medicine ,business ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 - Abstract
non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
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- 2018
28. The Cardiorenal Anemia Syndrome. Part One: Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects
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Fulvio Floccari, Claudio Ronco, Maria Teresa Sciarrone Alibrandi, Rodolfo Rivera, Antonio Bellassi, Antonio De Pascalis, and Luca Di Lullo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Anemia ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Cardiorenal syndrome ,medicine.disease ,Heart failure ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,Complication ,Congestive heart failure chf ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Anemia is a common complication associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is often reported as a component of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). The triad an...
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- 2017
29. Non-vitamin-K-dependent Oral Anticoagulants in End-stage Renal Disease Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation: An Impossible Wedding?
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Francesca Santoboni, Antonio Selvi, Rodolfo Rivera, Fulvio Floccari, Claudio Ronco, Vincenzo Barbera, Luca Di Lullo, Mario Cozzolino, Antonio Bellasi, and Antonio De Pascalis
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Non valvular atrial fibrillation ,medicine ,Cardiology ,General Medicine ,Vitamin k ,business ,Surgery ,End stage renal disease - Published
- 2017
30. Galcetin - 3 and Cardiorenal Disease
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Francesca Santoboni, Domenico Russo, Rodolfo Rivera, Antonio Bellasi, Luigi Russo, Antonio De Pascalis, Luca Di Lullo, Claudio Ronco, Fulvio Floccari, Giovanni Otranto, and Vincenzo Barbera
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Acute kidney injury ,Renal function ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Transplantation ,Endocrinology ,Galectin-3 ,Fibrosis ,Internal medicine ,Ureteric bud ,medicine ,business ,Kidney disease ,Galectin - Abstract
Galectin-3 is a 32- to 35-kDa member of the galectin family of b-galactoside-binding lectins, which is characterized by a carbohydrate recognition domain. Through its carbohydrate-binding function, it regulates cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. It also plays a complex, context-dependent role in the kidneys. During the development, it promotes nephrogenesis and is strongly expressed in the ureteric bud and its derivatives. An increase in the concentration of galectin-3 has been reported to be associated with fibrosis of the kidneys. Elevated levels of plasma galectin-3 are also associated with increased risks of rapid renal function decline, incident chronic kidney disease, and progressive renal impairment, and also with cardiovascular endpoints, infection, and all-cause mortality in patients with renal function impairment. This review discusses a general survey on galectin-3 expressions in nephrogenesis, kidney injury in animal models, clinical renal diseases, and renal transplantation and t...
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- 2017
31. Ultrafiltrazione peritoneale e sindrome cardiorenale: gestione del sovraccarico di fluidi e ruolo del sodio
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Claudio Ronco, Fulvio Floccari, Rodolfo Rivera, Antonio Bellasi, Antonio De Pascalis, Luca Di Lullo, and Antonio Granata
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Kidney ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Medicine ,Cardiorenal syndrome ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,Peritoneal dialysis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Refractory ,Internal medicine ,Heart failure ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Diuretic ,business ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Refractory heart failure - Abstract
Congestion represents a crucial clinical component of both heart failure and cardiorenal syndrome and it has been postulated to modulate heart and kidney cross-link. Diuretic therapy is a corner stone in the treatment patients with heart failure, and renal replacement therapies are mainly used for patients with refractory heart failure who have not reached the worst stages of renal disfunction. Peritoneal dialysis is a home-based therapeutic modality providing both solute clearance and ultrafiltration, together with relief from congestion in decompensated heart failure patients. The following review will focus on sodium removal in refractory decompensated heart failure patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. (Cardionephrology)
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- 2019
32. Iperkalemia cronica nei pazienti cardio – renali: q & a per il cardionefrologo pratico
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Antonio Bellasi, Rodolfo Rivera, Fulvio Floccari, Vincenzo Barbera, Antonio De Pascalis, Luca Di Lullo, and Claudio Ronco
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,Hyperkalemia ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,General Medicine ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease ,Chronic hyperkalemia ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Heart failure ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Potassium binder ,Pharmacology (medical) ,In patient ,medicine.symptom ,business ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Chronic hyperkalemia in cardiorenal patients: Q&A for the cardio-nephrologists.Chronic hyperkalemia is a serious medical condition often present in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and he...
- Published
- 2019
33. Iperuricemia: dall'evoluzione della specie al rischio cardiovascolare
- Author
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M. Malaguti, Rodolfo Rivera, Fulvio Floccari, Luca Di Lullo, Andrea Stella, and Alberto Santoboni
- Subjects
lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gout ,business.industry ,Cardiorenal syndrome ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Chronic renal failure ,medicine ,Uric acid ,Pharmacology (medical) ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,business - Abstract
non disponibile (Cardionephrology)
- Published
- 2016
34. Hyperuricemia: From the Evolution of Species to Cardiovascular Risk
- Author
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Rodolfo Rivera, Fulvio Floccari, M. Malaguti, Luca Di Lullo, Alberto Santoboni, and Andrea Stella
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Cardiorenal syndrome ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease ,Gout ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Uric acid ,Chronic renal failure ,Hyperuricemia ,Risk factor ,business - Abstract
In this review we analyze the cardiorenal effects of hyperuricemia and try to answer the eternal question of whether it is or is not to be considered a true risk factor in addition to a well-established marker of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal risk.
- Published
- 2016
35. Vitamin D and cardiovascular prevention
- Author
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Luca Di Lullo, Rodolfo Rivera, Vincenzo Barbera, Domenico Russo, Luigi Russo, Antonio De Pascalis, Antonio Bellasi, Fulvio Floccari, Claudio Ronco, and Francesca Santoboni
- Subjects
Vitamin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Calcitriol ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Calcitriol receptor ,Pathophysiology ,vitamin D deficiency ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Medicine ,business ,Kidney disease ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Vitamin D represents the precursor of calcitriol, crucial for bone and mineral metabolism. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the detection of vitamin D receptor (VDR) both in the heart and vessels have focused the interest on potential cardiovascular effects of vitamin D.Although several experimental data showed the protective role of vitamin D, on the other hand vitamin D “overdose” can contribute to heart and vascular calcification.Meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) underlined the association of vitamin D deficiency and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but no significant improvements on cardiovascular outcomes are provided by the supplementation of vitamin D.The following review provides an update on pathophysiology of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) discussing on the association with cardiovascular risk factors and disease and on the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
- Published
- 2016
36. Echocardioscopy in Cardiovascular Stratification of Chronic Kidney Diseases: The Nephrologist is the Protagonist
- Author
-
Antonio De Pascalis, Rodolfo Rivera, Fulvio Floccari, and Luca Di Lullo
- Subjects
Nephrology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Focused cardiac ultrasound ,Disease ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Stratification (mathematics) ,Internal medicine ,Chronic Kidney Diseases ,medicine ,Cardiology ,In patient ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CV) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increase in cardiac complications in patients with CKD has encouraged ...
- Published
- 2016
37. La cardiopatia ischemica nel paziente affetto da malattia renale cronica
- Author
-
M. Malaguti, Francesca Santoboni, Antonio De Pascalis, Rodolfo Rivera, Antonio Bellasi, Luca Di Lullo, Fulvio Floccari, Alberto Santoboni, Claudio Ronco, and A. Villani
- Subjects
lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Disease ,Coronary revascularization ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Coronary artery disease ,Chronic kidney disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,In patient ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,education ,ATHEROSCLEROTIC VASCULAR DISEASE ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Atherosclerosis ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Cardiology ,Observational study ,Ischemic heart ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
There is a great deal of data demonstrating a close association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD). About one half of deaths in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are of cardiovascular causes. The association between CKD and ischemic heart disease can be explained in part because both conditions are related to the traditional risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease. However, CKD might also have a casual role in the development and progression of CAD, with several mechanisms potentially involved. Among CAD patients, those with CKD have systematically a worse prognosis than those without CKD irrespective of the clinical presentation or the treatments applied. Current therapy is based on small trials and observational data and on the extrapolation of the strategies that have been proved useful in the general population, although many treatments that have been shown to improve the prognosis of CAD patients are underused in those with renal impairment. (Cardionephrology)
- Published
- 2016
38. La sindrome anemica-cardio-renale. Seconda parte: diagnostica
- Author
-
Fulvio Floccari, Maria Teresa Sciarrone Alibrandi, Luca Di Lullo, Rodolfo Rivera, Claudio Ronco, Antonio Bellasi, and Antonio De Pascalis
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Anemia ,General Medicine ,Cardiorenal syndrome ,Iron deficiency ,Gold standard (test) ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,Gastroenterology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,Heart failure ,Biopsy ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Bone marrow ,business ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Kidney disease - Abstract
In Part One of this two-part series, the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS) were discussed. Anemia is a complication frequently associated with chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Part Two of this review focuses on the diagnostic elements of anemia in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Bone marrow biopsy remains the gold standard for the assessment of iron (Fe) stores. However, many other laboratory tests are available, both biochemical and hematological, that are less invasive, more practical and useful for the diagnosis and gradation of iron deficiency (ID). Biochemical tests are based on Fe metabolism and allow the identification of ID before the onset of anemia. Hematologic examinations, on the other hand, based on the morphologic characteristics of the red blood cells are more readily available. New tests are currently available for ID diagnosis before anemia is present. All of these tests are used to determine the type and cause of anemia in a patient with CRS. Unfortunately, there is no single test capable of establishing the diagnosis of ID with or without anemia, but it is necessary to resort to a combination of assessments adapted to the patient’s specific clinical situation. Indeed, every assessment aimed at evaluating the iron profile expresses a different aspect of each compartment of the total body Fe (deposit, transport, metabolic-functional, etc.). Using the various available tests improves diagnostic specificity and enhances differential diagnosis. (Cardionephrology)
- Published
- 2018
39. Bio-marcatori e malattia cardio-renale: significato clinico e prognostico
- Author
-
F. Logias, Vincenzo Barbera, Fulvio Floccari, A. De Pascalis, Rossella Faiola, Fulvio Fiorini, Antonio Granata, Rodolfo Rivera, L. Di Lullo, M. Malaguti, Alberto Santoboni, Mario Timio, and C. Feliziani
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,Urinary system ,Renal function ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,Gastroenterology ,Bio-marcatori ,Serology ,Insufficienza renale cronica ,Internal medicine ,Scompenso cardiaco ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Clinical syndrome ,biology ,business.industry ,Acute kidney injury ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Cystatin C ,Insufficienza renale acuta ,Heart failure ,biology.protein ,Differential diagnosis ,business - Abstract
La sindrome cardio-renale (SCR) è una sindrome clinica ben nota, che descrive tanto gli effetti negativi dell'insufficienza renale sull'equilibrio cardio-circolatorio quanto quelli dell'insufficienza cardiaca sulla funzione renale. Molti autori hanno studiato l'utilità di marcatori sierologici ai fini dell'identificazione e del monitoraggio ambulatoriale delle varie forme di questa sindrome. L'analisi dei livelli sierici dei peptidi natriuretici è, al momento, quella maggiormente utilizzata, in quanto essi stessi non sono solo direttamente associati alla gravità delhinsufficienza cardiaca, ma anche capaci di rilevare precocemente la disfunzione renale, certamente prima che sia possible osservare un incremento nei livelli sierici di creatinina. NGAL, cistatina C, NAG, KIM-1 e IL-18 rappresentano interessanti biomarcatori per la diagnosi precoce di danno renale acuto (AKI), e quindi per la diagnosi precoce delle forme renocardiache acute, mentre il loro utilizzo in altre forme di SCR non appare codificato. Al contrario, la valutazione di KIM-1 e IL-18 sembra più utile per cercare una diagnostica differenziale tra forme diverse di insufficienza renale acuta. (Cardionephrology)
- Published
- 2018
40. Longitudinal analysis in the medical sciences: anapplication to the investigation of postnephrectomy course
- Author
-
Pezzulli, Sergio and Rodolfo, Rivera
- Subjects
Principal Component Analysis ,Functional Data Analysis ,Radical Nephrectomy ,Observational studies ,Robustness - Published
- 2018
41. Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF-23) e Sindrome Cardiorenale
- Author
-
Claudio Ronco, Antonio De Pascalis, Fulvio Floccari, Rodolfo Rivera, Alberto Santoboni, Vincenzo Barbera, and Luca Di Lullo
- Subjects
Fibroblast growth factor 23 ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bone disease ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Left ventricular hypertrophy ,Lanthanum carbonate ,Hyperphosphatemia ,Chronic kidney disease ,Internal medicine ,Renin–angiotensin system ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,FGF-23 ,Kidney ,business.industry ,Cardiovascular disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Pathophysiology ,Sevelamer Carbonate ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,business ,Hormone - Abstract
Several abnormalities in chronic kidney disease-related mineral and bone disease (CKD-MBD) have emerged as novel risk factors in excess cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hyperphosphatemia, vascular calcifications development, and decreased active vitamin D production, leading to activation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), have been identified as the primary cause of CKD-MBD-associated mortality in CKD. Recently, the fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), a newly discovered hormone produced in the bone that regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism by the kidney, has been reported as a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD and ESRD. The main physiological functions of FGF-23 are mediated by the activation of the FGF receptor/α-klotho co-receptor complexes in target tissues. Elevated FGF-23 has been associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and it has been suggested that FGF-23 may induce myocardial hypertrophy through a direct effect on cardiac myocytes. Understanding of FGF-23's pathophysiology and mechanisms of action responsible for its negative effects will be necessary to develop therapeutic strategies to treat CKD-MBD. (Cardionephrology)
- Published
- 2015
42. Fibroblast Growth Factor - 23 (FGF-23) e Cardiorenal Syndrome
- Author
-
Alberto Santoboni, Claudio Ronco, Luca Di Lullo, Rodolfo Rivera, Fulvio Floccari, Vincenzo Barbera, and Antonio De Pascalis
- Subjects
Fibroblast growth factor 23 ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Kidney ,Bone disease ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Cardiorenal syndrome ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease ,Left ventricular hypertrophy ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Hyperphosphatemia ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,Renin–angiotensin system ,medicine ,business ,Hormone - Abstract
Several abnormalities in chronic kidney disease-related mineral and bone disease (CKD-MBD) have emerged as novel risk factors in excess cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hyperphosphatemia, vascular calcifications development, and decreased active vitamin D production, leading to activation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), have been identified as the primary cause of CKD-MBD-associated mortality in CKD.Recently, the fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), a newly discovered hormone produced in the bone that regulates phosphate and vitamin D metabolism by the kidney, has been reported as a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD and ESRD.The main physiological functions of FGF-23 are mediated by the activation of the FGF receptor/α-klotho co-receptor complexes in target tissues. Elevated FGF-23 has been associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and it has been suggested that FGF-23 may induce myocardial hypertroph...
- Published
- 2015
43. [Neprilysin inhibition and chronic kidney disease]
- Author
-
Luca, Di Lullo, Claudio, Ronco, Antonio, Bellasi, Mario, Cozzolino, Fulvio, Floccari, Vincenzo, Barbera, Simone, Verdesca, Rodolfo, Rivera, Antonio, De Pascalis, Anna, Mudoni, and Antonio, Santoro
- Subjects
Heart Failure ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Aminobutyrates ,Biphenyl Compounds ,Natriuresis ,Tetrazoles ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Models, Biological ,Diuresis ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ,Drug Combinations ,Proteinuria ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Hypertension ,Disease Progression ,Humans ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Valsartan ,Neprilysin ,Molecular Targeted Therapy ,Angioedema ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Natriuretic Peptides ,Antihypertensive Agents - Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher incidence of cardiovascular (acute and chronic) events, which in turn have an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) Inhibition of neprilysin, in addition to offering a new therapeutic target in patients with heart failure, could represent a potential improvement strategy in cardiovascular and renal outcome of patients with CKD. Inhibition of neprilysin by inhibiting the breakdown of natriuretic peptides, increases their bioavailability resulting in an increase in diuresis and sodium excretion and, in addition to exerting an inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system. Inhibition of RAAS, in turn, generates a series of counter-regulations that can balance the adverse effects present in CKD and heart failure (HF). The idea of blocking neprilysin is not very recent, but the first drugs used as inhibitors had an inadmissible incidence of angioedema. Among the latest generation molecules that can perform a specific inhibitory action on the neprilysin receptor and, at the same time, on the angiotensin II receptor thanks to the association with valsartan there is the LCZ696 (sacubitril / valsartan). This drug has shown promising benefits both in the treatment arterial hypertension and heart failure. It is hoped that equally positive effects may occur in CKD patients, particularly those with macroproteinuria.
- Published
- 2017
44. La Sindrome Anemica Cardio-Renale. Prima Parte: Epidemiologia e Aspetti Clinici
- Author
-
Claudio Ronco, Maria Teresa Sciarrone Alibrandi, Rodolfo Rivera, Luca Di Lullo, Fulvio Floccari, Antonio De Pascalis, and Antonio Bellassi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,Anemia ,business.industry ,Chronic kidney disease (CKD) ,Cardiorenal syndrome ,Iron deficiency ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,Cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS) ,Pharmacotherapy ,Erythropoietin ,Heart failure ,Congestive heart failure (CHF) ,Etiology ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Kidney disease ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Anemia is a common complication associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is often reported as a component of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). The triad anemia, CHF and CKD has adverse prognostic implications that have led to the reformulation of the syndrome with the term “cardiorenal anemia syndrome” (CRAS). However, there is insufficient agreement about the definition of anemia in the CHF patient, probably due to the heterogeneity of the clinical criteria and the diversity of the patient populations in different studies. The evolution of drug therapy and technology (such as resynchronization of the left ventricle) has not stopped the increase in its incidence nor the associated health system costs. Unfortunately, the current guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for the adequate management of anemia in the cardiorenal patient. The pathophysiological mechanisms at the origin of anemia in CRS are complex and numerous. On the cardiovascular side the most important mechanisms are activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, antidiuretic hormone, and hemodilution, while those associated with CKD include reduction of the endogenous production of erythropoietin, chronic microinflammation, and iron deficiency. Consequently, anemia could represent a new clinical and therapeutic biomarker in CRS. A more comprehensive, 360-degree view, which stratifies the etiological, clinical and pathophysiological aspects, could significantly contribute to improving the prognosis of CRS patients. (Cardionephrology)
- Published
- 2017
45. Il Ruolo Della Galectina-3 Nella Patologia Cardio-Renale
- Author
-
Fulvio Floccari, Giovanni Otranto, Vincenzo Barbera, Antonio De Pascalis, Luigi Russo, Antonio Bellasi, Domenico Russo, Francesca Santoboni, Rodolfo Rivera, Claudio Ronco, and Luca Di Lullo
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,Renal function ,Heart failure ,Nephrogenesis ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,Fibrosis ,Internal medicine ,Chronic kidney disease ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Medicine ,Galectin-3 ,Pharmacology (medical) ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Kidney ,business.industry ,Acute kidney injury ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Transplantation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Ureteric bud ,business ,Ventricular remodelling ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Galectin-3 is a 32- to 35-kDa member of the galectin family of b-galactoside-binding lectins, which is characterized by a carbohydrate recognition domain. Through its carbohydrate-binding function, it regulates cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. It also plays a complex, context-dependent role in the kidneys. During the development, it promotes nephrogenesis and is strongly expressed in the ureteric bud and its derivatives. An increase in the concentration of galectin-3 has been reported to be associated with fibrosis of the kidneys. Elevated levels of plasma galectin-3 are also associated with increased risks of rapid renal function decline, incident chronic kidney disease, and progressive renal impairment, and also with cardiovascular endpoints, infection, and all-cause mortality in patients with renal function impairment. This review discusses a general survey on galectin-3 expressions in nephrogenesis, kidney injury in animal models, clinical renal diseases, and renal transplantation and the potential role of galectin-3 for treatment in kidney disease. (Cardionephrology)
- Published
- 2017
46. Anomalie cardiovascolari in pazienti con malattia renale policistica autosomica dominante
- Author
-
Fulvio Floccari, Costanza Casati, Luca Di Lullo, Paolo Vercelloni, Antonio De Pascalis, Alberto Santoboni, and Rodolfo Rivera
- Subjects
Nephrology ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,PKD1 ,business.industry ,Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ,Anomalie cardiovascolari ,Renal function ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,medicine.disease ,Left ventricular hypertrophy ,Blood pressure ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Endothelial dysfunction ,Risk factor ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,business ,ADPKD - Abstract
La malattia autosomica dominante policistica renale (ADPKD) è la malattia genetica più comune in nefrologia. Due geni sono stati implicati nello sviluppo della malattia: PKD1 sul cromosoma 16 (85%) e PKD2 sul cromosoma 4 (15%). La ADPKD è clinicamente caratterizzata da coinvolgimento renale ed extrarenale espresso con la comparsa di manifestazioni cistiche e non cistiche. Dal momento che le complicanze cardiovascolari sono la principale causa di morbilità e mortalità, questa revisione si propone di analizzare il coinvolgimento cardiaco e vascolare in ADPKD. L'ipertensione è uno dei sintomi più frequenti e comune e si verifica in circa il 60% dei pazienti prima della comparsa di disfunzione renale. L'effetto dell'ipertensione sulla progressione verso stadi terminali della malattia renale, rende tale fattore di rischio uno dei più importanti e potenzialmente trattabili in ADPKD. L'ipertrofia ventricolare sinistra, spesso rilevata in questi pazienti, rappresenta un altro importante fattore di rischio indipendente per morbilità e mortalità cardiovascolare nella ADPKD. Altre anomalie come la disfunzione diastolica biventricolare, la disfunzione endoteliale e l'aumento dello spessore intima-media carotideo sono presenti anche in giovani pazienti con ADPKD con normale pressione sanguigna e la funzione renale ben conservata. Gli aneurismi intracranici, quelli extracranici e i difetti valvolari cardiaci sono altre manifestazioni cardiovascolari di comune riscontro nei pazienti con ADPKD. Il trattamento precoce dell'ipertensione mediante l'uso di agenti bloccanti del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterone potrebbe svolgere un effetto nefroprotettivo e ridurre l'insorgenza di complicanze cardiovascolari nei pazienti con ADPKD.
- Published
- 2014
47. Cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- Author
-
Rodolfo Rivera, Costanza Casati, Antonio De Pascalis, Fulvio Floccari, Alberto Santoboni, Luca Di Lullo, and Paolo Vercelloni
- Subjects
Nephrology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,PKD1 ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ,Genetic disorder ,General Medicine ,Disease ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease ,Left ventricular hypertrophy ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Chromosome 16 ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Risk factor ,business - Abstract
The autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disorder in nephrology. Two genes have been implicated in the development of the disease: PKD1 on chromosome 16 (85%) and PKD2 on chromosome 4 (15%). ADPKD is clinically characterized by renal and extrarenal involvement indicated by the onset of cystic and non-cystic manifestations. Since cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, this review aims to analyze cardiac and vascular involvement in ADPKD.Hypertension is a common early symptom, and occurs in approximately 60% of patients before renal dysfunction. The effect of hypertension on the progression to end-stage renal disease makes it the main potentially treatable risk factor in ADPKD.Also, left ventricular hypertrophy occurs frequently in these patients representing another powerful and independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in ADPKD.Other abnormalities, such as biventricular diastolic dysfunction, endothel...
- Published
- 2014
48. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
- Author
-
Alberto Santoboni, Luca Di Lullo, Rodolfo Rivera, M. Malaguti, Vincenzo Barbera, Antonio De Pascalis, and Fulvio Floccari
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Diastole ,General Medicine ,Cardiorenal syndrome ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Left ventricular hypertrophy ,Muscle hypertrophy ,Sudden cardiac death ,Coronary artery disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Heart failure ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cardiology ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death represent main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Their pathogenesis relates to the close linkage between heart and kidneys and involves both traditional and non-traditional risk factors. According to the well-established classification of cardio-renal syndrome, the cardiovascular involvement in chronic kidney disease is known as “type 4 cardiorenal syndrome” (chronic renocardiac syndrome).Uremic cardiopathy is mainly characterized by both left ventricular systolic and diastolic impairment, often associated to right heart dysfunction due to the presence of a vascular access for hemodialysis.The typical clinical picture is represented by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the pathogenesis of which is multifactorial and closely linked to elevated blood pressure, vascular stiffness and atherosclerosis.The diagnosis is mainly made by ultrasound...
- Published
- 2014
49. Coronary Computed Tomography: A New Tool for Nephrologist
- Author
-
Luca Di Lullo, Fulvio Floccari, and Rodolfo Rivera
- Subjects
Nephrology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,General Medicine ,Radiology ,Coronary computed tomography ,business - Published
- 2014
50. Sepsis: An Example of Type 5 Cardiorenal Syndrome
- Author
-
Antonio Granata, Rossella Faiola, Antonio De Pascalis, Rodolfo Rivera, M. Malaguti, Vincenzo Barbera, Claudio Ronco, Alberto Santoboni, Fulvio Floccari, and Luca Di Lullo
- Subjects
Kidney ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Systemic lupus erythematosus ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Medicine ,Disease ,Cardiorenal syndrome ,medicine.disease ,Sepsis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Decompensation ,Sarcoidosis ,Renal replacement therapy ,business - Abstract
Type 5 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a recently defined clinical syndrome for which complete epidemiological data is still missing. Type 5 CRS occurs when heart and kidneys are involved at once. The pathophysiology of type 5 CRS depends on the underlying disease. Acute type 5 CRS results from systemic processes, e.g. sepsis, infections, drugs, toxins, and connective tissue disorders such as lupus, Wegener's granulomatosis, and sarcoidosis. By contrast, the chronic type 5 CRS (i.e. cirrhotic liver disease) has a more insidious onset, as the kidney and cardiac dysfunction may develop slowly until reaching a crucial point leading to full decompensation. Diagnosis is based both on serological (biomarkers of acute cardiorenal disease, creatinine, and GFR levels) and imaging methods (echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound). Therapy is based on management of the underlying disease and treatment of cardiorenal complications (fluid therapy, drugs, and renal replacement therapy devices).
- Published
- 2013
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