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According to the literature, the increase in complexity in the direction and management of the centers could explain the scarcity of candidates for the school direction and the exhaustion and desertion of principals. However, that principals are satisfied and passionate about their work. The aim of this article is to analyse the levels of passion of the school management professionals using the Passion Scale (Marsh et al., 2013) and its relationship with professional variables. The results show high levels of passion and harmonious passion among the subjects of the sample, both in Chile and in Catalonia (Spain). Según la literatura, el incremento de la complejidad en la gestión de los centros educativos podría explicar la escasez de candidaturas para la dirección escolar y el agotamiento y deserción de directivos. No obstante, los directivos se muestran satisfechos y apasionados por su trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los niveles de pasión en profesionales de la dirección escolar mediante la escala de la Pasión (Marsh et al., 2013) y su relación con variables profesionales. Los resultados muestran altos niveles de pasión y pasión armoniosa entre los sujetos de la muestra, tanto en Chile como en Cataluña.

Background Target antigen (Ag) loss has emerged as a major cause of relapse after chimeric antigen receptor T (CART)-cell therapy. We reasoned that the combination of CART cells, with the consequent tumor debulking and release of Ags, together with an immunomodulatory agent, such as the stimulator of interferon gene ligand (STING-L) 2 ' 3 '-cyclic GMP-AMP (2 ' 3 '-cGAMP), may facilitate the activation of an endogenous response to secondary tumor Ags able to counteract this tumor escape mechanism. Methods Mice bearing B16-derived tumors expressing prostate-specific membrane Ag or gp75 were treated systemically with cognate CART cells followed by intratumoral injections of 2 ' 3 '-cGAMP. We studied the target Ag inmunoediting by CART cells and the effect of the CART/STING-L combination on the control of STING-L-treated and STING-L-non-treated tumors and on the endogenous antitumor T-cell response. The role of Batf3-dependent dendritic cells (DCs), stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling and perforin (Perf)-mediated killing in the efficacy of the combination were analyzed. Results Using an immune-competent solid tumor model, we showed that CART cells led to the emergence of tumor cells that lose the target Ag, recreating the cancer immunoediting effect of CART-cell therapy.

Inspired by the seminal work of historians Ernst Walter Zeeden, Wolfgang Reinhard and Heinz Schilling in the second half of the 20th century, the early modern period is often seen as the ‘Age of Confessionalisation’. Without doubt the fragmentation of Western Christendom into different and competing churches was of such momentous import that it left no aspect of people’s lives untouched. As historians of all disciplines set out to diagnose the workings and effects of confessionalisation, this paradigm had a particularly strong hold on musicology, where Catholic and Protestant church music had traditionally been treated as totally independent territories. The chapter intends to revisit the compartmentalisation that has come to shape the received approach to sacred music of the 16th century. With regard to musical repertoire denominational barriers were in fact fairly penetrable. Although confessional diversification resulted in a differentiated topography of denominations, territories of opposing religion were not totally cut off from each other, separated by an iron curtain. Musicians were especially tolerant in this respect, since they regarded themselves as heirs to the same musical legacy and tended to appreciate the same works by the same composers. The motet, a genre not tied to any particular liturgy, was the most attractive and desirable good in the cross-confessional exchange of polyphonic compositions in Central Europe, which had to provide home for a range of opposing religious communities and churches. This phenomenon invites a systematic investigation into the extent to which the reception and performance of motets was a denominational practice. Case studies will explore the extent of sharing and trading of motet repertoire in the Holy Roman Empire, placing a particular, but not exclusive focus on the exchange between Catholics and Lutherans. Initially, the criteria determined by either side for desirable or acceptable repertoire will be established to get an understanding of the real and notional ‘boundaries’. This already creates a sense of what types of motets could be enjoyed on either side of the religious divide. Moreover, it creates a normative backdrop against which the actual sharing of musical repertoire can be traced and ascertained. Drawing on a range of examples, the chapter will present a systematic overview and taxonomy of the different ways into which repertoire could have crossed the borders, from disobedience at grass root level to the active ‘appropriation’ of works with an unmistakeable identity from the enemy camp. This will result in an richer, deeper and more colourful, if perplexingly complex picture of the motet and its usage(s) in the Tridentine and Post-Tridentine years.

The innate immune system provides a primary line of defense against pathogens. Stimulator of IFN genes (STING), encoded by the TMEM173 gene, is a critical protein involved in IFN-b induction in response to infection by different pathogens. In this study, we describe the expression of three different alternative-spliced human (h) TMEM173 mRNAs producing STING truncated isoforms 1, 2, and 3 in addition to the full-length wild-type (wt) hSTING. All of the truncated isoforms lack exon 7 and share the N-terminal transmembrane region with wt hSTING. Overexpression of the three STING truncated isoforms failed to induce IFN-b, and they acted as selective pathway inhibitors of wt hSTING even in combination with upstream inducer cyclic-di-GMP-AMP synthase. Truncated isoforms alter the stability of wt hSTING, reducing protein t1/2 to some extent by the induction of proteasome-dependent degradation. Knocking down expression of truncated isoforms increased production of IFN-b by THP1 monocytes in response to intracellular cytosolic DNA or HSV-1 infection. At early stages of infection, viruses like HSV-1 or vesicular stomatitis virus reduced the ratio of full-length wt hSTING/truncated STING isoforms, suggesting the skewing of alternative splicing of STING toward truncated forms as a tactic to evade antiviral responses. Finally, in silico analysis revealed that the human intron–exon gene architecture of TMEM173 (splice sites included) is preserved in other mammal species, predominantly primates, stressing the relevance of alternative splicing in regulating STING antiviral biology.

El factor de crecimiento de tejido conectivo (CTGF) aparece aumentado en diferentes patologías asociadas a fibrosis, incluidas múltiples enfermedades renales. CTGF participa en procesos biológicos, como la regulación del ciclo celular, migración, adhesión y angiogénesis. Su expresión está regulada por diversos factores implicados en el daño renal, entre los que destacan el factor la angiotensina II, el factor de crecimiento transformante-beta, altas concentraciones de glucosa y situaciones de estres celular. CTGF participa en el inicio y progresión del daño renal al ser capaz de inducir una respuesta inflamatoria y promover la fibrosis, señalándole como una posible diana terapéutica en el tratamiento de patologías renales. En este trabajo revisamos las principales acciones de CTGF en la patología renal, los mecanismos intracelulares de actuación y las estrategias terapéuticas para su bloqueo. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is increased in several pathologies associated with fibrosis, including multiple renal diseases. CTGF is involved in biological processes such as cell cycle regulation, migration, adhesion and angiogenesis. Its expression is regulated by various factors involved in renal damage, such as Angiotensin II, transforming growth factor-beta, high concentrations of glucose and cellular stress. CTGF is involved in the initiation and progression of renal damage to be able to induce an inflammatory response and promote fibrosis, identified as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of kidney diseases. In this paper we review the main actions of CTGF in renal disease, the intracellular action mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for its blocking.

El factor de crecimiento de tejido conectivo (CTGF) aparece aumentado en diferentes patologías asociadas a fibrosis, incluidas múltiples enfermedades renales. CTGF participa en procesos biológicos, como la regulación del ciclo celular, migración, adhesión y angiogénesis. Su expresión está regulada por diversos factores implicados en el daño renal, entre los que destacan el factor la angiotensina II, el factor de crecimiento transformante-beta, altas concentraciones de glucosa y situaciones de estres celular. CTGF participa en el inicio y progresión del daño renal al ser capaz de inducir una respuesta inflamatoria y promover la fibrosis, señalándole como una posible diana terapéutica en el tratamiento de patologías renales. En este trabajo revisamos las principales acciones de CTGF en la patología renal, los mecanismos intracelulares de actuación y las estrategias terapéuticas para su bloqueo.

Natural regeneration is a key factor for the maintenance of forest stands through the time. Research on this process, considering the different forestry treatments to manage them, it is high important for the development of sustainable forestry models. In this study, numerous ecological variables, related to stand, site and seedlings, have been analysed in areas that have been undergone clearcutting leaving seed trees, in Almazán-Bayubas (Soria, Spain). The sampling was systematic using a 100 m squared grid and pots were divided into four quadrants of 4.9 m2 of surface and 2.5 m of radius. After data descriptive analysis, several models were built to predict the regeneration probability, viable density, productivity and rate of height’s growth. Explanatory variables including in were directly related to soil cover, being shrub cover, logging cover and soil sand content the more significant., La regeneración natural es un proceso clave para el mantenimiento de las masas forestales en el tiempo. Analizarlo, teniendo en cuenta los tratamientos selvícolas empleados para gestionar los rodales, es de vital importancia para el desarrollo de modelos de gestión forestal sostenible. En este estudio se han inventariado numerosas variables relativas a la estación, a la masa y al diseminado de zonas en tratamiento de regeneración en la modalidad de corta a hecho en dos tiempos por fajas en rodales de Almazán-Bayubas (Soria). El muestreo está basado en el método de los cuadrantes ocupados y fue sistemático y de malla cuadrada de 100 m de lado. Las parcelas utilizadas fueron circulares, de radio fijo 2,5 m y 4,9 m2 de superficie por cuadrante. Tras el análisis descriptivo de las variables se elaboraron varios modelos para predecir la probabilidad de éxito de regeneración, la densidad de pies viables, la capacidad productiva y el crecimiento medio anual en altura. Las variables explicativas incluidas resultaron estar relacionadas con el tipo de cobertura del suelo, siendo cobertura y altura del matorral total, de los restos de corta y contenido en arena del suelo las más significativas.

En el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Tibaitatá durante el segundo semestre de 1979, se realizó un experimento para evaluar la efectividad y fitotoxicidad de 4 herbicidas sobre efecto en características agronómicas y calidad maltera de la variedad de Cebada 124. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro replicaciones y durante 5 fechas se tomaron lecturas sobre índice de daño y control de malezas. Después de la cosecha se determinó el rendimiento en grano y se analizaron sus características físicas y químicas. En base a los costos de producción y los ingresos obtenidos con la aplicación de los productos se calculó la ganancia con relación al testigo absoluto. Los tratamientos en estudio, no produjeron efectos fitotoxicos. Exceptuando el dimetilamonium, todos los tratamientos presentaron un control eficiente de malezas de hoja ancha y de hoja angosta. Sólo el testigo absoluto y el dimetilamonium afectaron la altura de las plantas. Los mayores rendimientos en grano y mayor ingreso neto fueron obtenidos por la mezcla Metribuzin más Clortoluron y el Metribuzin. Ninguno de los tratamientos afectó las características físicas y químicas de la variedad utilizada. Cebada-Hordeum vulgare Maestría en Ciencias Maestría

Inspired by the seminal work of historians Ernst Walter Zeeden, Wolfgang Reinhard and Heinz Schilling in the second half of the 20th century, the early modern period is often seen as the ‘Age of Confessionalisation’. Without doubt the fragmentation of Western Christendom into different and competing churches was of such momentous import that it left no aspect of people’s lives untouched. As historians of all disciplines set out to diagnose the workings and effects of confessionalisation, this paradigm had a particularly strong hold on musicology, where Catholic and Protestant church music had traditionally been treated as totally independent territories. The chapter intends to revisit the compartmentalisation that has come to shape the received approach to sacred music of the 16th century. With regard to musical repertoire denominational barriers were in fact fairly penetrable. Although confessional diversification resulted in a differentiated topography of denominations, territories of opposing religion were not totally cut off from each other, separated by an iron curtain. Musicians were especially tolerant in this respect, since they regarded themselves as heirs to the same musical legacy and tended to appreciate the same works by the same composers. The motet, a genre not tied to any particular liturgy, was the most attractive and desirable good in the cross-confessional exchange of polyphonic compositions in Central Europe, which had to provide home for a range of opposing religious communities and churches. This phenomenon invites a systematic investigation into the extent to which the reception and performance of motets was a denominational practice. Case studies will explore the extent of sharing and trading of motet repertoire in the Holy Roman Empire, placing a particular, but not exclusive focus on the exchange between Catholics and Lutherans. Initially, the criteria determined by either side for desirable or acceptable repertoire will be established to get an understanding of the real and notional ‘boundaries’. This already creates a sense of what types of motets could be enjoyed on either side of the religious divide. Moreover, it creates a normative backdrop against which the actual sharing of musical repertoire can be traced and ascertained. Drawing on a range of examples, the chapter will present a systematic overview and taxonomy of the different ways into which repertoire could have crossed the borders, from disobedience at grass root level to the active ‘appropriation’ of works with an unmistakeable identity from the enemy camp. This will result in an richer, deeper and more colourful, if perplexingly complex picture of the motet and its usage(s) in the Tridentine and Post-Tridentine years.