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The paper describes the organization, goals, and results of the sEXism Identification in Social neTworks (EXIST)2022 challenge, a shared task proposed for the second year at IberLEF. EXIST 2022 consists of two challenges: sexism identification and sexism categorization of tweets and gabs, both in Spanish and English. We have received a total of 45 runs for the sexism identification task and 29 runs for the sexism categorization task, submitted by 19 different teams. In this paper, we present the dataset, the evaluation methodology, an overview of the proposed systems, and the results obtained. The final dataset consists of more than 12,000 annotated texts from two social networks (Twitter and Gab) labelled following two different procedures: external contributors and trained experts. El artículo describe la organización, objetivos y resultados de EXIST 2022 (sEXism Identification in Social neTworks), una competición que se celebra por segundo año consecutivo en el foro IberLEF. EXIST 2022 consta de dos tareas: detección de sexismo y categorización de sexismo de tweets y gabs, tanto en español como en inglés. Hemos recibido un total de 45 ejecuciones para la tarea de detección de sexismo y 29 ejecuciones para la tarea de categorización de sexismo, enviadas por 19 equipos diferentes. En el presente artículo, presentamos el conjunto de datos, la metodología de evaluación, una descripción general de los sistemas propuestos y los resultados obtenidos. El conjunto final de datos consta de más de 12.000 textos anotados de dos redes sociales (Twitter y Gab) etiquetados siguiendo dos procedimientos diferentes: colaboradores externos y expertos en el dominio. This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the project “FairTransNLP: Midiendo y Cuantificando el sesgo y la justicia en sistemas de PLN” (PID2021-124361OB-C31 and PID2021-124361OB-C32). This work was also partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, as part of the research cooperation project “Space for Observation of AI in Spanish” (UNED and RED.ES, M.P., ref. C039/21-OT). The work of Paolo Rosso was in the framework of the research project PROMETEO/2019/121 (DeepPattern) by the Generalitat Valenciana.

The paper describes the organization, goals, and results of the sEXism Identification in Social neTworks (EXIST)2022 challenge, a shared task proposed for the second year at IberLEF. EXIST 2022 consists of two challenges: sexism identification and sexism categorization of tweets and gabs, both in Spanish and English. We have received a total of 45 runs for the sexism identification task and 29 runs for the sexism categorization task, submitted by 19 different teams. In this paper, we present the dataset, the evaluation methodology, an overview of the proposed systems, and the results obtained. The final dataset consists of more than 12,000 annotated texts from two social networks (Twitter and Gab) labelled following two different procedures: external contributors and trained experts. El artículo describe la organización, objetivos y resultados de EXIST 2022 (sEXism Identification in Social neTworks), una competición que se celebra por segundo año consecutivo en el foro IberLEF. EXIST 2022 consta de dos tareas: detección de sexismo y categorización de sexismo de tweets y gabs, tanto en español como en inglés. Hemos recibido un total de 45 ejecuciones para la tarea de detección de sexismo y 29 ejecuciones para la tarea de categorización de sexismo, enviadas por 19 equipos diferentes. En el presente artículo, presentamos el conjunto de datos, la metodología de evaluación, una descripción general de los sistemas propuestos y los resultados obtenidos. El conjunto final de datos consta de más de 12.000 textos anotados de dos redes sociales (Twitter y Gab) etiquetados siguiendo dos procedimientos diferentes: colaboradores externos y expertos en el dominio. This work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the project “FairTransNLP: Midiendo y Cuantificando el sesgo y la justicia en sistemas de PLN” (PID2021-124361OB-C31 and PID2021-124361OB-C32). This work was also partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, as part of the research cooperation project “Space for Observation of AI in Spanish” (UNED and RED.ES, M.P., ref. C039/21-OT). The work of Paolo Rosso was in the framework of the research project PROMETEO/2019/121 (DeepPattern) by the Generalitat Valenciana.

The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential. Belmont Forum 1854976 NASA AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063 Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir 18-MPGA-0004 National Science Foundation DEB-1754443, DEB 0963447, LTREB 11222325, LTREB 1754647, LTER DEB-1440409 Polish National Science Foundation 2019/33/B/NZ8/0134 Polish National Science Centre 2019/35/D/NZ8/ 00050 Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/ 2020/1/00009/U/00001

The paper describes the organization, goals, and results of the sEXism Identification in Social neTworks (EXIST) challenge, a shared task proposed for the first time at IberLEF 2021. EXIST 2021 proposes two challenges: sexism identification and sexism categorization of tweets and gabs, both in Spanish and English. We have received a total of 70 runs for the sexism identification task and 61 for the sexism categorization challenge, submitted by 31 different teams from 11 countries. We present the dataset, the evaluation methodology, an overview of the proposed systems, and the results obtained. The final dataset consists of more than 11,000 annotated texts from two social networks (Twitter and Gab) and its development has been supervised and monitored by experts in gender issues. El presente artículo describe la organización, objetivos y resultados de la competición sEXism Identification in Social neTworks (EXIST), una tarea propuesta por primera vez en IberLEF 2021. EXIST 2021 propone dos tareas: la identificación y la categorización de sexismo en inglés y español. Se han recibido un total de 70 runs para la tarea de identificación de sexismo y 61 para la categorización de sexismo, enviadas por 31 equipos de 11 países. En este trabajo, se presentan el dataset, la metodología de evaluación, un análisis de los sistemas propuestos por los participantes y los resultados obtenidos. El dataset final está compuesto por más de 11,000 textos anotados procedentes de dos redes sociales (Twitter y Gab) y su elaboración ha sido supervisada por expertas en temas de género. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the MISMIS research project on Misinformation and Miscommunication in Social Media (PGC2018-096212-B-C32).

[ES] La digitalización de la música permite unas velocidades de procesado y capacidades de almacenamiento que hasta el momento fueron inconcebibles en los estudios de producción musical. Sin embargo, los nuevos recursos técnicos se han empleado en conseguir el máximo nivel de sonoridad posible, técnica publicitaria de las grandes discográficas que deja en segundo plano la calidad de las mezclas. Más tarde, la aparición de la escucha online acentúa el problema, pues implica codificar los contenidos para reproducirlos de manera fluida. En 2010 se publica en Europa la normativa EBU R128 con el objetivo de recuperar el mensaje y la dinámica de las mezclas, y aunque supone un gran avance técnico e institucional, el estado de los niveles de sonoridad en la producción musical sigue siendo preocupante 10 años después., [EN] The digitalisation of music allows for processing speeds and storage capacity that were previously unbelievable in music production studios. However, the new technical resources have been used to achieve the highest possible level of loudness, an advertising technique used by major record companies that leaves the quality of the musical mixes in the background. Later, the appearance of online listening emphasized the problem, since it involves encoding the contents to reproduce them in a fluid way. In 2010, the EBU R128 was published in Europe with the aim of recovering the message and the dynamics of the mixes, and although it represents a great technical and institutional advance, the state of loudness levels in music production is still worrying 10 years later.

While current climate change is altering the distribution of species worldwide 1 , a poor understanding of the mechanisms involved limits our ability to predict future range dynamics. Range shifts are expected to occur when populations at one range margin perform better than those at the other margin 2 , yet no such global trend has been demonstrated empirically. Here we show that populations at high-latitude range margins generally perform as well as those from the range centre, whereas populations at low-latitude margins perform markedly worse. The trend is moderate but pervasive across plants and animals and terrestrial and marine environments. Such global asymmetry in performance between range edges signals that species are in disequilibrium with current environmental conditions. Our findings are consistent with predicted impacts of a warming climate and imply that the geographic ranges of species are undergoing directional changes. They highlight the pressing need for a more thorough knowledge of population dynamics across species ranges as a mean to forecast climate change impacts on the structure and function of ecosystems across the globe.

[ES] Se ha analizado la producción corchera de seis municipios del Parque Natural de Los Alcornocales desde 1985 hasta 2014, incluyendo tanto datos de los montes públicos como de las fincas privadas. Encontramos grandes diferencias en la producción anual de corcho tanto entre municipios como entre montes públicos y privados. Estas diferencias están determinadas, entre otros factores, por la superficie descorchada cada año y el grado de afectación por seca. En todos los casos estudiados existe una gran variabilidad interanual en la producción de corcho en la que intervienen factores ambientales, sociales y económicos. Además se detectan tendencias decrecientes de la producción durante estos 30 años en gran parte de los montes. Los resultados obtenidos aconsejan el seguimiento detallado del estado de los alcornocales a lo largo y ancho del Parque Natural para lograr la detección temprana de procesos de declive y la gestión adaptativa de la masa forestal ante los problemas derivados de la seca., [EN] We have analysed cork production trends in six municipalities of Los Alcornocales Natural Park from 1985 to 2014, including data from public and private farms. We found large differences in annual cork production both between municipalities and between public and private forests. These differences are determined, among other factors, by the area uncorked each year and the degree of affectation by oak dieback. In all the cases studied there is great interannual variability in the production of cork in which environmental, social and economic factors intervene. In addition, we detected decreasing trends of cork production during these 30 years in most of the forests. These results call for the detailed monitoring of the state of cork oak forests across the Natural Park to achieve the early detection of oak decline and adaptive management in the face of dieback processes.