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The regionalization studies of common bean genotypes are very important, having in to account the specific interaction between genotype and environment. The objective of this work was to determine the morphophysiological response of four commercial cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in late planting season in two types of soil at Remedios municipality. The experiments were developed in La Granja Agropecuaria "Liberación de Remedios" whose soil is red ferralitic compacted and in the Agricultural Cooperative of Credits and Services "Celestino Gutiérrez" with a soft carbonated brown soil. The plant morphophysiological indicators evaluated were height. number of leafiets, leaf area, total fresh and dry mass. For the study an experimental random block design was used, consisting of four treatments (cultivars) and four replications. For each evaluation a random sample of 50 plants per plot was taken. All variables evaluated were significantly higher in soft carbonated brown soil. Notable differences were observed among soil types, mainly in the acidity of the soil, which could infiuence the morphophysiological response of the commercial cultivars studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regionalization studies were carried out in order to determine the response of the agricultural yields of thirty commercial cultivars of common bean in four edaphoclimatic regions and three sowing seasons in three municipalities of the Villa Clara province. From the sowing of cultivar gardens for each region, 30 commercial cultivars were studied. These were selected taking into account agricultural yield and incidence of pests. In the study, a total of nine cultivars were recommended for each sowing season and edaphoclimatic zone. Of the thirty cultivars studied, fifteen showed their highest agricultural yield in the different edaphoclimatic zones and planting seasons. Four cultivars with outstanding agricultural yield potentials were identified under different conditions (CUL 156, Milagro Villareño, Delicias-364, La Cuba 154), and four others that also showed positive responses in three of the zones studied (BAT-304, CIAP-7247, CIAP-24, Quivicán). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was carried out to evaluate morph agronomic parameters on field conditions plant populations of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] variety CIAP 132R-05 regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. Plants regenerated from somatic embryos use as plant material in the present work were compared with plants grown from botanical seeds. Quantitative characteristics of the two populations correspond to those listed in the National Register of Commercial Varieties of Cuba. However the population of plants derived from somatic embryos showed significantly higher values in terms of: plant height, stem diameter, length and width of limbo and panicle, fresh and dry weight of panicle length assertion, grain length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per spike and panicle, fresh and dry mass of 1000 grains and agricultural yields. These assessments allowed determining the phenotypic stability of the regenerated plants via somatic embryogenesis, by assessing morphological characters in field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), complex interactions occur between the genotype and climatic, edaphic and biotic factors, for which it is necessary to study the response of the different cultivars. The objective of the study was to characterize the physiological response of four commercial cultivars in slightly leeched brownish greys soils and its intermediate sowing season. The experiments were carried out at the "Valle del Yabú" Agricultural Company in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Basic seeds of the commercial cultivars of common bean was used: 'Cuba C 25-9-R', 'Delicias-364', 'CUFIG-110', 'CIAP-24'. Seven evaluations were carried out during the 70-day crop cycle, at 10-day intervals, considering the following physiological indicators: dry mass, leaf area, absolute growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio and harvest index. All the variables evaluated in the cultivar 'Cuba C 25-9-R' reached significantly higher values than the rest of the cultivars. The dry mass, the leaf area and the ratio of leaf area per plant showed rapid growth from 10 to 40 days after germination, at which point their values began to decrease until reaching physiological maturity. The absolute growth rate showed an increase of 30-40 days after germination, at which point it portrayed negative values, while the Net Assimilation Rate in the same period showed a tendency to decrease. All the cultivars presented a high harvest index and agricultural yield, reaching the highest value 'Cuba C 25-9-R'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of chemical fertilizers has stimulated the use of alternatives (such as the use of bioproducts) to increase plant growth and production. The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of microbial origin CBQ-AgroG® bioproduct on the physiological and agronomic response of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar 'CIAP-7247'. Seeds with basic category and three doses of the CBQ-AgroG® bioproduct (10.0, 20.0 and 30.0 l ha-1) were used and compared with an absolute control and a relative control (Fitomas E, 2.0%). The height, number of leaves per plant, fresh mass, dry mass and leaf area were evaluated. In addition, the agricultural yield and its components were estimated. Plants increased height up to 45 days after sowing. The maximum values of the morphophysiological variables number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry mass were reached 45 days after sowing. Subsequently, they decreased until reaching physiological maturity. With the doses of 20.0 and 30.0 l ha-1, all the morphophysiological and agronomic indicators reached significantly higher values with respect to the rest of the treatments. The first dose is recommended as it is cheaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the damages granivorous birds cause to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the province of Villa Clara, Cuba, research based on the determination of the major endemic, migratory birds and their relationship with the distribution were made space of historical meteorological variables in the province in the seasonal behavior of birds in different climatic regions. Population to sorghum producers grouped in different forms surveys were conducted, which yielded a large database, such as the determination of the main grain-eating birds percentage damage incurred, varieties, grain color, growth stage and other indicators. Nine main species affecting sorghum grain-eating birds in our province were recorded; Passer domesticus, Lonchura malacca, Lonchura punctulata, Dives atroviolaceus, Passerina cyanea, Zonotrichia leucophrys, Columbina passerine, Zenaida macroura y Zenaida asiatica. The spatial distribution of meteorological variables and their relation to the seasonal behavior of birds in different climatic regions of the province was determined, based on record four preferential habitat areas. The results allowed us to provide companies and different forms of production in Villa Clara, the possibility of a varietal structure planting of sorghum on the basis of different preferential areas granivorous birds, together with the morphological and physiological characteristics of different genotypes introduced in agricultural production of the province and nationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mineral deficiencies constitute a health problem of millions of people all over the world, being the iron and the zinc deficiencies the most common. This problem is due to an inadequate feeding, either for economic difficulties or bad nutritional habits of the people. At now there is a tendency to fortification of the foods (industrialized or direct foods) more consumed by the population sectors of risk. The Center of Investigations in Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) of Colombia has worked for more than one decade in obtaining bean varieties fortified in these minerals. At this moment a wide collection of varieties of this type is available. By means of a work contract with Cuban Institutions of Investigation, part of this collection has been facilitated in order to be evaluated in our agro climatic conditions. Forty seven accessions of these materials were sowed during two consecutive years, in the late seeding season (January), on a brown carbonated fluffed sialític soil of Santa Clara's town. The agronomic behavior of these varieties was evaluated and a Fair of Varietal Diversity was organized where 28 Cuban commercial bean varieties were also included. The grain yield was higher in the second year where 33 of these varieties overcame the 1.5 t ha-1, and 20 of these reached yields higher than 2 t ha-1. This results obtained in grain yield, constitutes a favorable attractiveness for the adoption of these genotypes by farmers. The farmer who participated in the Fair selected 23 fortified varieties, which represents the 67.6% of the total of 34 selected varieties, including the commercial ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In one field of the Agricultural experimental station "Álvaro Barba Machado", located in the Central University "Marta Abreu" of the Villages, an investigation was carried out in the rainy season, with the objective to evaluate the effect of four spacing among furrows on the yield, yield's components and the weight of 100 seeds of two soybean cultivars: Incasoy-24 and Incasoy-27. In both cultivars was observed that the plants spaced at 0.45 and 0.60 m had better agronomic response in the yield components: number of legumes and seeds per plant, the 100 seeds weight didn't perform statistical differences in none of the assessment spacing and yield reached values more than 2 t ha-1 in those plants sowed in the smaller spacing selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of dry matter accumulation, biological and economic yield and crop index was carry out in two soybean cultivars (Incasoy-24 and Incasoy-27), in four spacing among furrows during the rainy season in areas of the Agricultural Experimental Station Álvaro Barba Machado. The main results remark that Incasoy-24 obtained the biggest gain in dry matter accumulation between the third and quarter assessment moment for all spacing except in 0.60 m, also the biological yield of Incasoy-27 didn't show values higher than 40 g in none of the studied spacing, finally in both cultivars it was observed that the economic yield in 0.60 m showed the maximum values and the crop index in 0.45 m the lower one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]