112 results on '"Rodríguez-Blázquez, C."'
Search Results
2. The WHO active ageing pillars and its association with survival: Findings from a population-based study in Spain
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Hijas-Gómez, A.I., Ayala, A., Rodríguez-García, M.P., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, V., Rojo-Pérez, F., Fernández-Mayoralas, G., Rodríguez-Laso, A., Calderón-Larrañaga, A., and Forjaz, M.J.
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- 2020
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3. Loneliness, ageism and mental wellbeing in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Rodríguez-Blázquez, C, primary, Rojo-Perez, F, additional, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, V, additional, Forjaz, M J, additional, Fernandez-Mayoralas, G, additional, and Martin, S, additional
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- 2023
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4. Trends in mental health diagnosis and use of resources in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Rodríguez-Blázquez, C, primary, Garriga, C, additional, Forjaz, M J, additional, Sandu, P, additional, Bernal, E, additional, Miller, K, additional, Gruber, B, additional, Vuković, J, additional, Šitcs, J, additional, and Tolonen, H, additional
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- 2023
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5. Multimorbidity and functional status in institutionalized older adults
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Marventano, S., Ayala, A., Gonzalez, N., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Garcia-Gutierrez, S., and Forjaz, M. João
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- 2016
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6. Monitoring COVID-19 related changes in population mental health
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Rodríguez-Blázquez, C, primary, Aldridge, S, additional, Bernal-Delgado, E, additional, Dolanski-Aghamanoukjan, L, additional, Estupiñán-Romero, F, additional, Garriga, C, additional, Gissler, M, additional, Lyons, RA, additional, Sagerschnig, S, additional, and Tolonen, H, additional
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- 2022
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7. Changes in perceived health status in older men and women during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Autric-Tamayo, G, primary, Sánchez-Román, M, additional, Rodríguez-Blázquez, C, additional, Rojo-Abuín, JM, additional, Ayala, A, additional, Forjaz, MJ, additional, Molina, MA, additional, Rojo-Pérez, F, additional, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, V, additional, and Fernández-Mayoralas, G, additional
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- 2022
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8. Dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease: Applying the Movement Disorder Society Task Force criteria
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Martinez-Martin, P., Falup-Pecurariu, C., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., Serrano-Dueñas, M., Carod Artal, F.J., Rojo Abuin, J.M., and Aarsland, D.
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- 2011
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9. Relationship between the MDS-UPDRS domains and the health-related quality of life of Parkinsonʼs disease patients
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Martínez-Martín, P., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Forjaz, M. J., Álvarez-Sánchez, M., Arakaki, T., Bergareche-Yarza, A., Chade, A., Garretto, N., Gershanik, O., Kurtis, M. M., Martínez-Castrillo, J. C., Mendoza-Rodríguez, A., Moore, H. P., Rodríguez-Violante, M., Singer, C., Tilley, B. C., Huang, J., Stebbins, G. T., and Goetz, C. G.
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- 2014
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10. Rating Scales in Movement Disorders
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Martinez-Martin, P., primary, Rodríguez Blázquez, C., additional, and João Forjaz, M., additional
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- 2010
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11. Overcoming multimorbidity: Chrodis Integrated Multimorbidity Care Model pilot implementation
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Bliek-Bueno, K, primary, Gimeno, A, additional, Poblador, B, additional, Guerrero, I, additional, Cano, M I, additional, Bestué, M, additional, Rodríguez-Blázquez, C, additional, Forjaz, M J, additional, and Prados, A, additional
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- 2020
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12. Association between heavy metals and metalloids in topsoil and mental health in the adult population of Spain
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Ayuso-Álvarez, A., primary, Simón, L., additional, Nuñez, O., additional, Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., additional, Martín-Méndez, I., additional, Bel-lán, A., additional, López-Abente, G., additional, Merlo, J., additional, Fernandez-Navarro, P., additional, and Galán, I., additional
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- 2019
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13. Hidden psychiatric morbidity in a vocational programme for people with intellectual disability
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Salvador-Carulla, L., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., de Molina, M. Rodríguez, Pérez-Marín, J., and Velázquez, R.
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- 2000
14. Prevalence of and factors associated with homebound status among adults in urban and rural Spanish populations
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Negrón-Blanco, L., De Pedro-Cuesta, J., Almazán, J., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Franco, E., and Damián, J.
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Background: There is a marked growth in the number of homebound older adults, due mainly to increased life expectancy. Although this group has special characteristics and needs, it has not been properly studied. This study thus aimed to measure the prevalence of homebound status in a community-dwelling population, and its association with both socio-demographic, medical and functional characteristics and the use of health care and social services.Methods: We used instruments coming under the WHO International Classification of Functioning (ICF) framework to carry out a cross-sectional study on populations aged 50 years and over in the province of Zaragoza (Spain), covering a total of 1622 participants. Persons who reported severe or extreme difficulty in getting out of the house in the last 30 days were deemed to be homebound. We studied associations between homebound status and several relevant variables in a group of 790 subjects who tested positive to the WHODAS-12 disability screening tool.Results: Prevalence of homebound status was 9.8 % (95 % CI: 8.4 to 11.3 %). Homebound participants tended to be older, female and display a lower educational level, a higher number of diseases, poorer cognition and a higher degree of disability. In fully adjusted models including disability as measured with the ICF-Checklist, the associated variables (odds ratios and [95 % confidence intervals]) were: female gender (3.75 [2.10–6.68]); urban population (2.36 [1.30–4.29]); WHODAS-12 disability (6.27 [2.56–15.40]); depressive symptoms (2.95 [1.86–4.68]); moderate pain (2.37 [1.30–4.31] and severe pain (3.03 [1.31–7.01]), as compared to the group with no/mild pain; hospital admissions in the previous 3 months (2.98 [1.25–7.11]); and diabetes (1.87 [1.03–3.41]). Adjustment for ICF-Checklist disability had a notable impact on most associations.Conclusions; The study shows that homebound status is a common problem in our setting, and that being disabled is its main determinant. Socio-demographic characteristics, barriers and chronic diseases can also be assumed to be playing a role in the onset of this condition, indicating the need for further research, including longitudinal studies on its incidence and associated factors.
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- 2016
15. Mental retardation and psychiatric morbidity in a vocational programme
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SALVADOR L, RODRÍGUEZ-BLÁZQUEZ C, SALAS D, RODRÍGUEZ DE MOLINA F, ALONSO TRUJILLO F, and VELÁZQUEZ R
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- 1999
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16. PND29 - Relationship Between the Direct Medical Costs and Direct Non-Medical Costs of Parkinson's Disease According to Disease Severity During 4 Years of Follow-Up in Spain
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Martinez, P., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., Paz, S., Lizán, L., Forjaz, M.J., Frades, B., and Moreno, R.
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- 2014
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17. PND3 - The Burden of Parkinson Disease Amongst Caregivers in Spain Over 4 Years
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Martinez, P., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., Paz, S., Lizán, L., Forjaz, M.J., Frades, B., and Jimenez, O.L.
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- 2014
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18. Psychosocial modifiers of drug prescription: the hidden face of pharmacology?
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Salvador-Carulla, L., primary and Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., additional
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- 1998
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19. P1.147 Gender differences in non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
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Martinez-Martin, P., Falup-Pecurariu, C., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., van Hilten, B., Odin, P., and Chaudhuri, K.R.
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- 2009
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20. P1.146 Parkinson's disease staging based of the non-motor symptoms scale
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Martinez-Martin, P., Falup-Pecurariu, C., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., van Hilten, B., Odin, P., Tluk, S., Naidu, Y., and Chaudhuri, K.R.
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- 2009
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21. 3.507 Predictors of health-related quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease
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Martinez-Martin, P., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., Arroyo-Velasco, S., and de Pedro-Cuesta, J.
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- 2007
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22. 3.506 Impact of sleep problems on health-related quality of life of Parkinson's disease patients and their caregivers
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Martinez-Martin, P., Visser, M., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., Marinus, J., Frades, B., Arroyo-Velasco, S., and van Hilten, J.J.
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- 2007
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23. Psychometric attributes of the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Psychosocial (SCOPA-PS): Validation in Spain and review | Atributos psicométricos de la Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Psychosocial (SCOPA-PS): Validación en España y revisión
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Martínez-Martín, P., Carroza-García, E., Frades-Payo, B., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Maria João Forjaz, and Pedro-Cuesta, J.
24. Psychometric attributes of scales for outcomes in Parkinson's disease-cognition (SCOPA-Cog), Castilian language | Atributos psicométricos de la Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Cognition (SCOPA-Cog), versión en castellano
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Martínez-Martín, P., Frades-Payo, B., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Maria João Forjaz, and Pedro-Cuesta, J.
25. Characteristics of adults who reported not having had COVID-19 in Spain after the first two years of the pandemic and associated factors.
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Beca-Martínez MT, Ayala A, Falcón-Romero M, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Benito-Llanes A, Forjaz MJ, and Romay-Barja M
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- Adult, Child, Humans, Male, Female, Spain epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Pandemics, Self Report, COVID-19 epidemiology
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Background: There is little evidence regarding the characteristics of adults who self-reported not having had COVID-19 after two years of the pandemic. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of no-COVID-19 respondents and the associated factors to better understand which may have conditioned not having had the disease as guidance to help in the design of better public health strategies., Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the Spanish general population in a representative sample of 1051 adults who completed an online survey in September 2022. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess which factors were related to reporting not having had COVID-19., Results: Almost half of the respondents (47.8%) reported not having ever had COVID-19. Significant differences were found between people who reported having had and not having had COVID-19 according to sex, age, education level, employment and living with children. No-COVID-19 respondents had greater concern and less fear of the disease and were more worried about the new variants. After the multivariable analysis, factors associated with no-COVID-19 respondents were male sex (OR)=1.40; 95% (CI=1.07-1.82), older age (OR=1.01; 95% CI=1.01-1.03), having a greater perception of disease severity if infected (OR=4.71; 95% CI=2.97-7.47), greater adherence to preventive measures (OR=1.02; 95% CI=1.01-1.03), and having received a complete vaccination schedule and booster dose (OR=1.56; 95% CI=1.03-2.36)., Conclusions: Analysing the characteristics of people reporting not having had COVID-19 can support public health decision-makers in designing better interventions and facilitating the implementation of effective prevention and control measures to prepare for and respond to a possible future pandemic., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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26. Association Between Pandemic Fatigue and Disease Knowledge, Attitudes, Concerns, and Vaccination Intention at Two Key Moments of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Agurto-Ramírez A, Pino-Rosón C, Ayala A, Falcón M, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Forjaz MJ, and Romay-Barja M
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- Humans, Pandemics prevention & control, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Fatigue, Vaccination, Intention, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
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Objective: This study aimed to describe the change in knowledge, attitudes, concerns, perceptions, preventive practices, and vaccination intention at two key time points of the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess whether these changes varied by level of pandemic fatigue. Methods: Data included in this study came from the third and the ninth round of the COSMO-Spain cross-sectional study. A general linear model was used to investigate the interaction terms between rounds and levels of pandemic fatigue. Results: Changes between rounds were observed in knowledge, attitudes, concerns, perceptions, behaviours, and vaccination intention. Significant interactions between rounds indicated that those with low levels of pandemic fatigue had a greater increase in knowledge, lower decrease in concerns, greater decrease in agreement with the decisions made, and lower increase in vaccination intention compared with those with high pandemic fatigue. Conclusion: As a pandemic evolves, it becomes necessary to consider the level of pandemic fatigue of the population and how this affects knowledge, concerns, and agreement with the measures adopted, as they influence the population's adherence to public health recommendations aimed at controlling infections and protecting the most vulnerable., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Agurto-Ramírez, Pino-Rosón, Ayala, Falcón, Rodríguez-Blázquez, Forjaz and Romay-Barja.)
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- 2023
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27. Traumatic stress symptoms among Spanish healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study.
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Portillo-Van Diest A, Vilagut G, Alayo I, Ferrer M, Amigo F, Amann BL, Aragón-Peña A, Aragonès E, Asúnsolo Del Barco Á, Campos M, Del Cura-González I, Espuga M, González-Pinto A, Haro JM, Larrauri A, López-Fresneña N, Martínez de Salázar A, Molina JD, Ortí-Lucas RM, Parellada M, Pelayo-Terán JM, Pérez-Zapata A, Pijoan JI, Plana N, Puig T, Rius C, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Sanz F, Serra C, Urreta-Barallobre I, Kessler RC, Bruffaerts R, Vieta E, Pérez-Solá V, Alonso J, and Mortier P
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- Humans, Prospective Studies, Pandemics, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Health Personnel, Depression, COVID-19 epidemiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology
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Aim: To investigate the occurrence of traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) among healthcare workers active during the COVID-19 pandemic and to obtain insight as to which pandemic-related stressful experiences are associated with onset and persistence of traumatic stress., Methods: This is a multicenter prospective cohort study. Spanish healthcare workers ( N = 4,809) participated at an initial assessment (i.e., just after the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic) and at a 4-month follow-up assessment using web-based surveys. Logistic regression investigated associations of 19 pandemic-related stressful experiences across four domains (infection-related, work-related, health-related and financial) with TSS prevalence, incidence and persistence, including simulations of population attributable risk proportions (PARP)., Results: Thirty-day TSS prevalence at T1 was 22.1%. Four-month incidence and persistence were 11.6% and 54.2%, respectively. Auxiliary nurses had highest rates of TSS prevalence (35.1%) and incidence (16.1%). All 19 pandemic-related stressful experiences under study were associated with TSS prevalence or incidence, especially experiences from the domains of health-related (PARP range 88.4-95.6%) and work-related stressful experiences (PARP range 76.8-86.5%). Nine stressful experiences were also associated with TSS persistence, of which having patient(s) in care who died from COVID-19 had the strongest association. This association remained significant after adjusting for co-occurring depression and anxiety., Conclusions: TSSs among Spanish healthcare workers active during the COVID-19 pandemic are common and associated with various pandemic-related stressful experiences. Future research should investigate if these stressful experiences represent truly traumatic experiences and carry risk for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder.
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- 2023
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28. Health state perception of people close to retirement age: Relationship with lifestyle habits and subjects' characteristics.
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Monge-Martín D, Caballero-Martínez F, João Forjaz M, J Castillo M, and Rodríguez-Blázquez C
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Aim: Societal ageing increases the need for correct and healthy ageing to ensure the well-being of older adults. Practical strategies are needed to acquire healthy habits for the ageing process. This study aims to analyse the lifestyle habits of subjects who are retired or close to retirement and identify factors that could influence their perceived health and that could be related to these habits., Methods: A Spanish observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of subjects close to retirement-age. Socio-demographic, family, work, leisure, social, and clinical-psychological indicators were evaluated., Results: 1,700 participants (581 employed; 714 retirees; 405 other-status) were included, average age 63 years, 52% women. Most reported a satisfactory social life (90%), were in live-in relationships (74%), non-smoking (80%), followed a Mediterranean diet (73%), and took medicines daily (70%). Perceived health (EQ-VAS) was 75.9/100, with low disability (12-WHODAS) (7.4/100) and moderate/severe depression. Women reported higher disability (p < 0.001) and depression (p < 0.001), a better social life, and healthier lifestyle, but lower physical/work activity. Retirees reported less depression, better social life, healthier lifestyle, higher physical/work activity, and better sleeping habits. The multivariate model showed a significant association of health-status with disability level, number of chronic diseases, sleep habits, exercise, diet, and alcohol consumption. When depression level was introduced, age and being a woman were also related., Conclusions: Retirement does not mean worse health but rather an opportunity to reinforce favourable health activities and improve lifestyle factors. Incorporating the differences related to gender and employment status in health-perception will facilitate the design of healthy ageing strategies., Competing Interests: The authors have no interests to declare., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2023
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29. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Spain and associated factors.
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Falcon M, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Romay-Barja M, Ayala A, Burgos A, De Tena-Dávila MJ, and Forjaz MJ
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- Female, Pregnancy, Humans, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Spain, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cluster Analysis, COVID-19 Vaccines, COVID-19 prevention & control
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Introduction: The present study explores the reasons of those who have not been vaccinated in the later stage of the vaccine rollout in Spain and its associated determinants., Methods: Cluster and logistic regression analyses were used to assess differences in claimed reasons for vaccine hesitancy in Spain using two samples of unvaccinated people (18-40 years old) gathered by an online cross-sectional survey from social networks ( n = 910) and from a representative panel ( n = 963) in October-November 2021., Results: The main reasons for not being vaccinated were believing that the COVID-19 vaccines had been developed too fast, they were experimental, and they were not safe, endorsed by 68.7% participants in the social network sample and 55.4% in the panel sample. The cluster analysis classified the participants into two groups. Logistic regression showed that Cluster 2 (individuals who reported structural constraints and health-related reasons such as pregnancy or medical recommendation) presented a lower trust in information from health professionals, had a lower willingness to get vaccinated in the future, and avoided less social/family events than those in Cluster 1 (reasons centered in distrust on COVID-19 vaccines, conspiracy thoughts and complacency)., Conclusions: It is important to promote information campaigns that provide reliable information and fight fake news and myths. Future vaccination intention differs in both clusters, so these results are important for developing strategies target to increase vaccination uptake for those who do not reject the COVID-19 vaccine completely., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Falcon, Rodríguez-Blázquez, Romay-Barja, Ayala, Burgos, De Tena-Dávila and Forjaz.)
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- 2023
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30. Preventive behavior against SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults according to whether or not they live with children. A combined analysis of the nationwide COSMO-SPAIN and ENE-COVID surveys.
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Jroundi I, Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Pastor-Barriuso R, Pollán-Santamaría M, Forjaz MJ, and Pérez-Gómez B
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- Humans, Child, Pandemics, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Risk Reduction Behavior, Physical Distancing, COVID-19 prevention & control
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Introduction: The protection of children is a major driver of behavior among those in charge of their care. We evaluated whether compliance with preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults living with children was different from that of those not living with them, in 2020., Methods: We used the COSMO-SPAIN ( N = 867) and the nationally representative ENE-COVID ( N = 29,926) surveys to estimate prevalence of compliance (95% confidence interval). Logistic model based standardization methods were applied to estimate standardized prevalence differences (SPrD) to the overall distribution of age, sex, education, history of COVID-19, and residence of other >60 yrs in the household., Results: We observed that adults living with children more frequently avoided bars (SPrD
ENE-COVID : 4.2%; 95% CI: 2.3-6.1), crowded places (SPrDCOSMO : 8.0%; 95% CI: 0.6-15.1) and did not use public transportation (SPrDENE-COVID : 4.9%; 95% CI: 3.0-6.7). They were also more worried about work and family conciliation (SPrDCOSMO : 12.2%; 95% CI: 4.8-19.5) and about closure of education centers (SPrDCOSMO : 26.5%; 95% CI: 19.4-33.6)., Discussion: In general, adults living with children adopted slightly more frequently social distancing measures., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Jroundi, Fernández de Larrea-Baz, Rodríguez-Blázquez, Pastor-Barriuso, Pollán-Santamaría, Forjaz, Pérez-Gómez and the ENE-COVID Study Group.)- Published
- 2023
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31. Light cigarette smoking and all-cause mortality in Spain. A national population-based cohort study.
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Galán I, Ortiz C, Pérez-Ríos M, Ayuso-Álvarez A, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Damián J, Fernández-Escobar C, García-Esquinas E, and López-Cuadrado T
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- Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Cohort Studies, Nicotiana, Spain epidemiology, Cigarette Smoking adverse effects, Cigarette Smoking epidemiology
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Purpose: Regular light cigarette consumption (light smoking) is increasing in many countries; however, few studies have assessed its impact on mortality. The main aim of this study is to estimate the association between the number of cigarettes consumed and all-cause mortality in Spain while focusing on light smoking., Methods: Longitudinal study based on data from 42,902 individuals aged ≥15 years included in the 2011-2012 (Spanish) National Health Survey or the 2014 European Health Survey for Spain. Data were linked with the mortality registry up to December 2020. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, and health status indicators., Results: Compared to never smokers, the mortality HR for nondaily smokers was 1.30 (95% CI: 0.81-2.09), increasing to 2.23 (95% CI: 1.25-3.96) among those smoking 1-2 cigarettes/d, and to 1.54 (95%CI: 1.14-2.07) for consumers of 3-5 cigarettes/day. When individuals who reported trying to quit during the previous year were excluded, resulting HRs were 1.31 (95% CI: 0.81-2.10), 1.48 (95% CI: 0.69-3.19) and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.16-2.34), respectively., Conclusions: Compared to never smokers, consumers of small quantities of tobacco, that is, light smoking, had an increased mortality risk. In view of these results, we suggest the need for awareness-raising campaigns regarding how smoking even a small number of cigarettes a day causes serious harm to one´s health., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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32. The Impact of COVID-19 on Nursing Homes: Study Design and Population Description.
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez V, Rojo-Perez F, Perez de Arenaza Escribano C, Molina-Martínez MÁ, Fernandez-Mayoralas G, Sánchez-González D, Rojo-Abuin JM, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Forjaz MJ, and Martín García S
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- Humans, Female, Child, Aged, Middle Aged, Homes for the Aged, Quality of Life, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemics, Nursing Homes, COVID-19 epidemiology
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Nursing homes for the elderly in Spain have experienced high rates of infection and mortality from COVID-19, although rates have varied from one region to another. Madrid is the region where most institutionalized older adults have died from the coronavirus. However, there is little known about the psychosocial and environmental factors involved in the high incidence of COVID-19 among the institutionalised population in this region. This article describes the protocol of a study on nursing homes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (hereafter: Region of Madrid or Madrid Region) and provides information on the study design, measures used, and characteristics of the population studied. A questionnaire about life in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic was designed and a total of 447 persons over 60 years of age without cognitive impairment-220 in private nursing homes and 227 in public nursing homes-participated by answering questions about different topics: personal situations during the pandemic, feelings and methods of coping, residential environment, health, quality of life, ageism, and self-perception of ageing. The institutionalised person profile discussed in this study was an old woman, widowed, without children, with a low level of education, with multimorbidity, and who perceived her health and quality of life positively. Most of the participants were very concerned about COVID-19 and its effects. In fact, 38% had been diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 20% were admitted to hospital and 20% had suffered negative impacts, such as pain and neurological problems. In addition, 70% of the residents remained confined to their rooms, which increased their perceptions of loneliness and social isolation. The worst-rated aspects of the nursing home resulted from the restrictive measures imposed on nursing homes during the pandemic. This research offers useful material for understanding the pandemic and its consequences from the perspective of the older institutionalised population, which could provide insights for designing public policies.
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- 2022
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33. Age differences in knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.
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González-Herrera A, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Romay-Barja M, Falcon-Romero M, Ayala A, and Forjaz MJ
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- Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Male, Spain epidemiology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Knowledge, Pandemics prevention & control, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
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This study aims at describing the evolution of Spanish population preventive practices during the COVID-19 pandemic of the between January and June 2021, and differences by age group. Data was drawn from the COSMO-Spain online survey, rounds (R) 4, 5 and 6. Multiple linear regression models with preventive practices as dependent variable were performed. Preventive practices (p = 0.001) and concern about coronavirus (p = 0.003) decreased throughout the three rounds, knowledge decreased from R4 to R6 (p = 0.002) and health literacy had a higher value in R6 (p < 0.001). Older the age was associated with higher the frequency of preventive practices, and levels of health literacy and concern about coronavirus (p < 0.001). The regression model showed that, in the 18-29 year group, a greater frequency of preventive practices was associated with being female (β = 0.20; p < 0.001), greater concern about coronavirus (β = 0.16; p < 0.018) and frequency of information seeking (β = 0.24; p < 0.001). For 61 years old and older, a higher frequency of preventive practices was associated with greater concern about coronavirus (β = 0.21; p < 0.002) and lower pandemic fatigue (β = - 0.13; p < 0.037). These findings point to the need for effective public health interventions tailored to the characteristics of age population groups., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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34. Trends in COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Spain, September 2020‒May 2021.
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Beca-Martínez MT, Romay-Barja M, Ayala A, Falcon-Romero M, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Benito A, and Forjaz MJ
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- Humans, Spain, Trust, Vaccination, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 Vaccines
- Abstract
Objectives. To analyze factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Spain, over time. Methods. We used data from a national study that included 5 online surveys carried out every 2 months from September 2020 to May 2021. Each round recruited a sample of 1000 participants aged 18 years or older. We performed a multivariable logistic regression with vaccination acceptance as the dependent variable. We evaluated time trends through the interaction terms of each of the explanatory variables and the time. Results. Vaccination acceptance increased from 43.1% in September 2020 to 84.5% in May 2021. Sex, age, concerns about disease severity, health services overload, and people not wearing a face mask, together with adherence to preventive behavior, health literacy, and confidence in scientists, health care professionals' information, and adequacy of governmental decisions, were variables associated with vaccination acceptance. Conclusions. In a changing situation, vaccine acceptance factors and time trends could help in the design of contextualized public health messages. It is important to strengthen the population's trust in institutions, health care professionals, and scientists to increase vaccination rates, as well as to ensure easy access to accurate information for those who are more reluctant. ( Am J Public Health . 2022;112(11):1611-1619. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307039).
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- 2022
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35. Measuring COVID-19 health literacy: validation of the COVID-19 HL questionnaire in Spain.
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Falcón M, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Fernández-Gutiérrez M, Romay-Barja M, Bas-Sarmiento P, and Forjaz MJ
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- Communicable Disease Control, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Pandemics, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Reproducibility of Results, Spain epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Health Literacy
- Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of health literacy to make informed preventive decisions. A specific COVID-19 health literacy questionnaire (CHL-Q) is included in the COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring WHO initiative to conduct behavioral insights studies related to COVID-19. The objective was to assess the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the COVID-19 Health Literacy Questionnaire (CHL-Q)., Methods: Data quality, acceptability, internal consistency, and construct and structural validity were analyzed. A Rasch analysis was also performed. This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on the Spanish general population after the first wave of the pandemic and after the end of the general lockdown by an online survey agency. 1033 participants (inclusion criteria were being 18 years or older and living in Spain), was extracted from a panel of approximately 982,000 participants. The sampling was stratified matching the Spanish general population in terms of age, gender, and area of residence. The CHL-Q includes 9 items and assesses people's knowledge, motivation and competencies to access, understand, evaluate, and apply information about COVID-19 in order to make informed decisions., Results: CHL-Q index presented a mean of 33.89 (SD = 9.4), and good fit to the Rasch model (χ2(32) = 34.672, p = 0.342, person separation index = 0.77), with ordered thresholds, unidimensionality, item local independence, and no item bias by sex, age or education level. The CHL-Q showed significant different scores by level of education, experience of infection, confusion related to COVID-19 information and adherence to preventive measures. We found a statistically significant correlation between the CHL-Q index and the total number of preventive measures adopted, COVID-19 knowledge, and information seeking behaviour. The Cronbach´s alpha was 0.87 and the item total corrected correlation, 0.49-0.68., Conclusions: The Spanish version of CHL-Q is a short, adequate, and reliable instrument to measure COVID-19 related health literacy in the Spanish general population. Measuring the CHL in the population can be useful to evaluate whether public authorities, media and the medical and scientific community have been able to reach the population to offer the information in the terms they need it., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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36. Rural-urban gradients and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in Spain using individual data.
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Ayuso-Álvarez A, Ortiz C, López-Cuadrado T, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Fernández-Navarro P, González-Palacios J, Damián J, and Galán I
- Abstract
•The literature reporting on rural-urban health status disparities remains inconclusive.•We analyzed data from a longitudinal population-based study using individual observations.•Our results show that the risks of all-cause and cancer mortality are greater in large cities than in other municipalities, with no clear urban-rural gradient.•Not differences were found among territories in cardiovascular mortality., Competing Interests: None., (© 2022 The Authors.)
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- 2022
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37. Compliance with the main preventive measures of COVID-19 in Spain: The role of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and risk perception.
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Beca-Martínez MT, Romay-Barja M, Falcón-Romero M, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Benito-Llanes A, and Forjaz MJ
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- Animals, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Perception, SARS-CoV-2, Spain epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 veterinary
- Abstract
In epidemics such as COVID-19, major changes need to be made to the population's behavior to prevent infection and stop disease transmission. The three most recommended preventive measures are wearing a mask, washing hands with soap or hydroalcoholic gel, and watching an interpersonal distance of at least two meters (3W) from other people. This study aimed to assess adherence to these COVID-19-related three preventive measures and its association with knowledge, attitudes, risk perception, and practices in Spain. The COSMO-Spain survey, based on the WHO Behavioral Insights questionnaire on COVID-19, was conducted in the general Spanish population using an online questionnaire (n = 1,033). Sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and risk perception variables were included. A multivariable logistic regression model was carried out to evaluate the factors associated with compliance with the three preventive measures. Half of the respondents (49.8%) were women with a median age of 45 (Inter-quartile Range, IR = 21) years. In the logistic regression, the factors associated with 3W compliance were being over 45 years; knowing about how COVID-19 spreads and wearing masks properly; appropriate attitudes towards COVID-19 (greater agreement with mandatory mask use); high risk perception (feeling that the coronavirus is spreading rapidly, being concerned about non-mask wearers), and adherence to other preventive measures against COVID-19, such as staying at home. Adequate knowledge, attitudes and risk perception are determinants of 3W compliance. Developing effective health education programs and frequent communication strategies are necessary, particularly for those who adhere less to preventive measures., (© 2021 The Authors. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
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- 2022
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38. Correction: Effect of the Lights4Violence intervention on the sexism of adolescents in European countries.
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Sanz-Barbero B, Ayala A, Ieracitano F, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Bowes N, De Claire K, Mocanu V, Anton-Paduraru DT, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, das Neves ASA, da Silva Queirós AS, Jankowiak B, Waszyńska K, and Vives-Cases C
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- 2022
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39. Physical and social environmental factors related to co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors.
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Ortiz C, López-Cuadrado T, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Simón L, Perez-Vicente R, Merlo J, and Galán I
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- Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Life Style, Residence Characteristics
- Abstract
Previous work identifying determinants of co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors have focused on their association with individuals' characteristics with scant attention paid to their relationship to contextual factors. Data came from 21,007 individuals ≥15 years of age who participated in the cross-sectional 2011-2012 Spanish National Health Survey. Two indicators were defined by tobacco consumption, alcohol intake, diet, physical activity, and body mass index. The first indicator, based on dichotomized measures, ranges from 0 to 5. The second one (unhealthy lifestyle index), ranges from 0 to 15, with 0 denoting the healthiest score. Among the determinants, we examined social support, five perceived characteristics of the neighborhood, and the socioeconomic deprivation index of the census tract of residence. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models adjusted for the main sociodemographic characteristics. Using the dichotomized indicator, the probability of having 3-5 risk factors versus <3 factors was associated with low social support (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.50; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.25-1.80). Issues surrounding neighborhood cleanliness (OR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.04-1.33), air pollution (OR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.16-1.64), and street crime (OR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.03-1.42) were associated with determinants of co-occurrence. Risk factors co-occurrence increased as deprivation level increased: the OR for the highest deprivation quintile versus the lowest was 1.30 (95%CI: 1.14-1.48). Similar results were observed when using the unhealthy lifestyle index. Poorer physical and social environments are related to greater co-occurrence of risk factors for chronic diseases. Health promotion interventions targeting the prevention of risk factors should consider the contextual characteristics of the neighborhood environment., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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40. Social relations and health in older people in Spain using SHARE survey data.
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Silberman-Beltramella M, Ayala A, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, and Forjaz MJ
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- Aged, Aging psychology, Europe, Humans, Middle Aged, Spain epidemiology, Retirement, Social Support
- Abstract
Introduction: Social relationships (SR) are an important aspect in the healthy ageing process. The study aimed to describe SR in over-50s in Spain and analyse their association with physical/emotional, functional and cognitive/sensory health variables., Methods: The study sample was formed by 5583 people representing the Spanish population aged 50 and over, who participated in the sixth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The variables were divided into socio-demographic aspects and economic, health and SR aspects represented by the number of friends, family members and satisfaction with social network and the Revised UCLA loneliness scale. The health variables were grouped using a main component analysis. Multiple linear regressions were performed between the health components with socio-demographic and SR variables., Results: 67.26% of respondents said they did not feel lonely. The feeling of loneliness was the variable most closely related to the physical and emotional, functional and cognitive and sensory health components. The main SR variable associated to health components was the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (standardised beta, p < 0.001; p < 0.001; and p < 0.001, respectively). The number of family members in social network SR variable was also associated with the physical/emotional health (β = 0.09, p < 0.001) and cognitive/sensory ability (β = 0.10, p = 0.001) components., Conclusions: The main SR aspect that impacts health status was loneliness. The results of this study suggest the importance of developing public health policies oriented to promoting action on the SR characteristics that enhance older people's health., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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41. Validation of the Spanish version of the Memory Failures of Everyday questionnaire in older adults using Rasch analysis.
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Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Ayala-García A, Forjaz MJ, García-Herranz S, Venero C, Rodríguez-Fernández R, and Díaz-Mardomingo MDC
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- Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Spain, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Status
- Abstract
Aim: The Memory Failures of Everyday (MFE) is a widely used instrument for assessing memory failure. The aim of the study was to analyze the MFE items using the Rasch model in a sample of cognitively older adults in Spain., Methods: A cross-sectional validation study in a sample of 214 healthy people aged ≥60 years who used centers for older people in Madrid (Spain). The MFE for the assessment of memory complaints was used. The following properties of the Rasch model were assessed: data fit, reliability, unidimensionality, local dependence and lack of differential item functioning by gender, age and marital status., Results: The MFE showed a good fit to the Rasch model (χ
2 (140) = 160.2; P = 0.116) and high reliability (person separation index = 0.808). The questionnaire was unidimensional (6.54% t-test; IC binomial = 0.036-0.095). The items showed lack of local dependence between them and differential item functioning. The MFE scores were transformed into linear interval scores with a median of 44.31 and an observed range of 17.9-89.2 (theoretical range: 0-100)., Conclusions: The MFE is a unidimensional, reliable instrument to assess memory complaints in cognitively healthy older adults in Spain, with usefulness in clinical research and practice. The construct validity of the MFE linear score could not be fully confirmed and this deserves further investigation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 332-337., (© 2022 Japan Geriatrics Society.)- Published
- 2022
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42. Effect of the Lights4Violence intervention on the sexism of adolescents in European countries.
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Sanz-Barbero B, Ayala A, Ieracitano F, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Bowes N, De Claire K, Mocanu V, Anton-Paduraru DT, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, das Neves ASA, da Silva Queirós AS, Jankowiak B, Waszyńska K, and Vives-Cases C
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- Adolescent, Attitude, Europe, Female, Hostility, Humans, Male, Adolescent Behavior, Sexism psychology
- Abstract
Background: Sexism results in a number of attitudes and behaviors that contribute to gender inequalities in social structure and interpersonal relationships. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lights4Violence, an intervention program based on promoting health assets to reduce sexist attitudes in young European people., Methods: We carried out a quasi-experimental study in a non-probabilistic population of 1146 students, aged 12-17 years. The dependent variables were the difference in the wave 1 and wave 2 values in the subscales of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: benevolent sexism (BS) and hostile sexism (HS). The effect of the intervention was evaluated through linear regression analyses stratified by sex. The models were adjusted by baseline subscales scores, socio-demographic and psychological variables., Results: In girls, we observed a decrease in BS in the intervention group compared to the control group (β = - 0.101; p = 0.006). In the wave2,, BS decreased more in the intervention group compared to the control group in girls with mothers with a low level of education (β = - 0.338; p = 0.001), with a high level of social support (β = - 0.251; p < 0.001), with greater capacity for conflict resolution (β = - 0.201; p < 0.001) and lower levels of aggressiveness (β = - 0.232, p < 0.001). In boys, the mean levels of HS and BH decreased in wave 2 in both the control and intervention groups. The changes observed after the wave 2 were the same in the control group and in the intervention group. No significant differences were identified between both groups., Conclusions: The implementation of the Lights4Violence was associated with a significant reduction in BS in girls, which highlights the potential of interventions aimed at supporting the personal competencies and social support. It is necessary to reinforce the inclusion of educational contents that promote reflection among boys about the role of gender and the meaning of the attributes of masculinity., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT03411564 . Unique Protocol ID: 776905. Date registered: 26-01-2018., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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43. Clustering of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, self-rated health and disability.
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Ortiz C, López-Cuadrado T, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Pastor-Barriuso R, and Galán I
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- Body Mass Index, Cluster Analysis, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Health Behavior, Life Style
- Abstract
The main objective was to identify sociodemographic characteristics of the population at risk for a greater clustering of unhealthy behaviors and to evaluate the association of such clustering with self-rated health status and disability. Data come from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey with a sample of 21,947 participants of 15 years of age or older. Based on tobacco consumption, risk drinking, unbalanced diet, sedentarism, and body mass index <18.5/≥25 we created two indicators of risk factor clustering: 1) Number of unhealthy behaviors (0-5); and 2) Unhealthy lifestyle index (score: 0-15). Self-rated health was dichotomized into "optimal" and "suboptimal," and disability was classified as "no disability," "mild," and "severe" based on the Global Activity Limitation Index (GALI). We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted for covariates using generalized linear models using the clustering count variable, and dose-response curves using the unhealthy lifestyle index. Most participants (77.4%) reported 2 or more risk factors, with men, middle-age individuals, and those with low socioeconomic status being more likely to do so. Compared to those with 0-1 risk factors, the PR for suboptimal health was 1.26 (95% CI:1.18-1.34) for those reporting 2-3 factors, reaching 1.43 (95% CI:1.31-1.55) for 4-5 factors. The PR for severe activity limitation was 1.66 (95% CI:1.35-2.03) for those reporting 2-3 factors and 2.06 (95% CI:1.59-2.67) for 4-5 factors. The prevalence of both health indicators increased in a non-linear fashion as the unhealthy lifestyle index score increased, increasing rapidly up to 5 points, slowing down between 5 and 10 points, and plateauing afterwards., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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44. The Determinants of Living with Long-Term Conditions: An International Cross-Sectional Study.
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Corchon S, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Meneses A, Aranda-Gallardo M, López L, Ursúa ME, Navarta-Sanchez MV, Portillo MC, and Ambrosio L
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- Chronic Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Heart Failure epidemiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology
- Abstract
It is essential that healthcare and social professionals understand the daily lives of people with chronic diseases, and the variables that influence them. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants influencing the process of living with long-term conditions. To investigate this, an observational, international, cross-sectional study was carried out. A consecutive sample of 1788 Spanish-speaking population living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models were performed. The linear regression models identified that social support (β = 0.39, p < 0.001) and the satisfaction with life (β = 0.37, p < 0.001) were the main determinants in the process of living with a long-term condition (49% of the variance). Age (β = -0.08, p = 0.01) and disease duration (β = 0.07, p = 0.01) were determinants only in the chronic heart failure subgroup, and country was significant in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subgroup (β = -0.15, p = 0.002). Satisfaction with life and social support were key determinants influencing the process of living with long-term conditions. As such, those aspects should be included in the design of interventions focused on the achievement of a positive living in people with long-term conditions.
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- 2021
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45. Validation of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, 6-item version, in a multiethnic population of Chilean older adults.
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Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Ayala-García A, Forjaz MJ, and Gallardo-Peralta LP
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- Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Loneliness
- Abstract
Objective: To analyse the psychometric properties of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, 6-item version (DJGLS-6), in a multiethnic sample of older Chilean adults., Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed using a sample of 800 older people, and 71% were self-declared indigenous. Data quality and acceptability, internal consistency, and construct and structural validity of DJGLS-6 were analysed. The scale was also analysed according to the Rasch model., Results: The DJGLS-6 scored higher for the non-indigenous group than for Aymara and Mapuche (P < .001). KR-20 coefficients (internal consistency) for emotional loneliness subscale reached 0.44 for Aymara and Mapuche and 0.62 for non-indigenous, and from 0.73 (non-indigenous) to 0.86 (Aymara) for social loneliness subscale. The confirmatory factor analysis identified one dimension. None of the two subscales fit the Rasch model., Conclusion: The results indicate that DJGLS-6 is a reliable and adequate scale for non-indigenous Chilean older people. However, it should be culturally adapted to indigenous ethnic minorities., (© 2021 AJA Inc.)
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- 2021
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46. [Validation of the living with osteoarthritis in Spanish population].
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Meneses Monroy A, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Ursúa ME, Caparrós N, Ruiz de Ocenda MI, López L, Caro J, Elizondo N, and Ambrosio L
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- Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Osteoarthritis, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Objective: Present the psychometric results of the Living with Osteoarthritis (LW-OA) in Spanish population., Design: Observational, cross-sectional and multicenter study, with retest on a fraction of the sample., Location: Public and private centres of primary and secondary healthcare, as well as patient associations from Navarra, La Rioja, Madrid, Valencia and Malaga., Participants: The sample was composed by 291 patients with OA with a medical diagnosis in every stage of the disease from primary or secondary healthcare, Spanish nationality and not hospitalized., Interventions: In addition to LW-OA, a sociodemographic questionnaire was included, as well as scales to evaluate social support perceived from the patient (DUFSS), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and satisfaction with life., Main Measurements: Psychometric properties of the LW-OA were measured, as viability and acceptability, reliability (internal consistency and reproducibility), precision and construct validity (convergent, internal and known-groups)., Results: 100% of the data were computable. Excellent data quality was obtained. Cronbach's alpha for the scale total was 0.87 and the homogeneity index 0.22. ICC for the scale total was 0.88. As for precision, the SEM was 5.18 (<½DE=7.47)., Conclusions: The LW-OA is a valid and feasible measure to evaluate the process of living with OA in Spain., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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47. The COSMO-Spain Survey: Three First Rounds of the WHO Behavioral Insights Tool.
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Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Romay-Barja M, Falcón M, Ayala A, and Forjaz MJ
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- Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Spain epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, World Health Organization, COVID-19, Pandemics
- Abstract
Objective: To describe changes in knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices (KAP), risk perception, and psychological variables of Spanish population toward the COVID-19 pandemic from July to November 2020. Methods: Three samples, each of one composed by 1,000+ persons aged 18 years or older, were interviewed online in three rounds, every 2 months, from July to November 2020. Results: The level of knowledge on COVID-19 was high in the three rounds, with percentages above 95% of correct answers related to ways of contagion and correct use of face masks. The most accepted measure was the mandatory use of face masks (80-86% of agreement in the three rounds, p = 0.001), followed by the night curfew (63% of agreement). Most participants (>80%) consistently reported using face masks, ventilating spaces, and washing or disinfecting hands. However, risk perception and self-efficacy were low. Worry about losing a loved one, the health system overload and people who do not wear face masks was high (>85% of the samples). The percentage of respondents who felt depressed due to COVID-19 increased from round 1 to round 3 ( p = 0.044). Conclusions: Spanish population has a high degree of KAP, but a relatively low risk perception and self-efficacy. These findings can help health authorities to guide containment measures and campaigns addressed to improve preventive practices., Competing Interests: CR-B, MR-B, and MJF are employed in Carlos III Health Institute, the institution funding the study. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Rodríguez-Blázquez, Romay-Barja, Falcón, Ayala and Forjaz.)
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- 2021
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48. Sexism and its associated factors among adolescents in Europe: Lights4Violence baseline results.
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Ayala A, Vives-Cases C, Davó-Blanes C, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Forjaz MJ, Bowes N, DeClaire K, Jaskulska S, Pyżalski J, Neves S, Queirós S, Gotca I, Mocanu V, Corradi C, and Sanz-Barbero B
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Europe, Female, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Male, Portugal epidemiology, Spain, United Kingdom, Sexism
- Abstract
Despite the efforts of recent decades to reduce gender inequality, sexism is still prevalent among adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify the main socioeconomic characteristics, personal experiences, resources, and competencies associated with sexism in a sample of adolescents from different European countries. Baseline data from the Lights4Violence project included 1555 students ages 12-17 from secondary schools in six European countries (Spain, Italy, Romania, United Kingdom, Portugal, and Poland). Linear regression models were carried out, stratified by sex for benevolent (BS) and hostile (HS) dimensions of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. The average age of the sample was 14.3 years (SD = 1.5), 59.3% were girls. Boys scored higher on the measure of sexism (mean BS = 29.7; HS = 29.1) than girls (BS = 27.5, HS = 23.0; p < .001). Girls whose mothers had a university degree reported lower BS (β = -0.113; p = .023) (reference: lower education). Girls who had experienced dating violence reported higher HS (β = .080; p = .010) than those who had never been in an intimate relationship. For both sexes, high aggressiveness was associated with high levels of HS, and high aggressiveness was related to high levels of BS in boys. High assertiveness was associated with high levels of BS in both sexes and with high levels of HS in boys. A high level of problem-solving ability was associated with lower HS in both sexes. The study reinforces the need to invest in school programs aimed at preventing dating violence and promoting positive youth development., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2021
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49. Influence of Active and Healthy Ageing on Quality of Life Changes: Insights from the Comparison of Three European Countries.
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Ayala A, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Beridze G, Teixeira L, Araújo L, Rojo-Pérez F, Fernández-Mayoralas G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez V, Quirós-González V, Zorrilla-Muñoz V, Agulló-Tomás MS, Ribeiro O, and Forjaz MJ
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- Aged, Europe, Humans, Middle Aged, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Healthy Aging, Quality of Life
- Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the determinants of quality of life (QoL) in older people in three European countries (Portugal, Spain and Sweden). A sample of 7589 participants in waves 4 (2011) and 6 (2015) of the Survey on Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) project, aged 50 and over and living in Portugal, Spain and Sweden, was included. The CASP-12 scale was used to measure QoL. A principal component analysis was performed to group preselected variables related to active and healthy ageing into the dimensions of health, social participation, and lifelong learning. A linear regression model was built using the change in CASP-12 scores over the 4-year follow-up as the dependent variable, including the interactions between country and each independent variable in the model. After four years, the average QoL increased in Portugal (difference = 0.8, p < 0.001), decreased in Spain (-0.8, p < 0.001), and remained constant in Sweden (0.1, p = 0.408). A significant country-participation component interaction ( p = 0.039) was found. In Spain, a higher participation (β = 0.031, p = 0.002) was related to a higher QoL improvement at 4 years, but not in Sweden or Portugal. Physical health and emotional components (β = 0.099, p < 0.001), functional ability (β = 0.044, p = 0.023), and cognitive and sensory ability (β = 0.021, p = 0.026) were associated with QoL changes over time in all countries. The country-specific associations between health, social participation and QoL should be taken into account when developing public health policies to promote QoL among European older people.
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- 2021
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50. Mental health impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers: A large cross-sectional survey.
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Alonso J, Vilagut G, Mortier P, Ferrer M, Alayo I, Aragón-Peña A, Aragonès E, Campos M, Cura-González ID, Emparanza JI, Espuga M, Forjaz MJ, González-Pinto A, Haro JM, López-Fresneña N, Salázar ADM, Molina JD, Ortí-Lucas RM, Parellada M, Pelayo-Terán JM, Pérez-Zapata A, Pijoan JI, Plana N, Puig MT, Rius C, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Sanz F, Serra C, Kessler RC, Bruffaerts R, Vieta E, and Pérez-Solà V
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders etiology, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases etiology, Prevalence, Spain epidemiology, Young Adult, COVID-19 epidemiology, Health Personnel psychology, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Mental Health, Occupational Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Healthcare workers are vulnerable to adverse mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors during the first wave of the pandemic among healthcare professionals in Spain., Methods: All workers in 18 healthcare institutions (6 AACC) in Spain were invited to web-based surveys assessing individual characteristics, COVID-19 infection status and exposure, and mental health status (May 5 - September 7, 2020). We report: probable current mental disorders (Major Depressive Disorder-MDD- [PHQ-8≥10], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-GAD- [GAD-7≥10], Panic attacks, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -PTSD- [PCL-5≥7]; and Substance Use Disorder -SUD-[CAGE-AID≥2]. Severe disability assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale was used to identify probable "disabling" current mental disorders., Results: 9,138 healthcare workers participated. Prevalence of screen-positive disorder: 28.1% MDD; 22.5% GAD, 24.0% Panic; 22.2% PTSD; and 6.2% SUD. Overall 45.7% presented any current and 14.5% any disabling current mental disorder. Workers with pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders had almost twice the prevalence than those without. Adjusting for all other variables, odds of any disabling mental disorder were: prior lifetime disorders (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Mood: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Anxiety: OR=3.03; 95%CI:2.53-3.62); age category 18-29 years (OR=1.36; 95%CI:1.02-1.82), caring "all of the time" for COVID-19 patients (OR=5.19; 95%CI: 3.61-7.46), female gender (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.27-1.96) and having being in quarantine or isolated (OR= 1.60; 95CI:1.31-1.95)., Conclusions: One in seven Spanish healthcare workers screened positive for a disabling mental disorder during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Workers reporting pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders, those frequently exposed to COVID-19 patients, infected or quarantined/isolated, female workers, and auxiliary nurses should be considered groups in need of mental health monitoring and support., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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