Search

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Evidence from observational and genetic studies suggests a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and psychosis. To our knowledge, no previous study has assessed the association between loneliness in childhood and first-episode psychosis (FEP). Objectives: We aimed to assess the association between loneliness in childhood and the odds of FEP and clinical variables of interest (i.e., diagnosis and clinical and functional severity) in FEP and to explore gender differences in this association. Methods: This was an observational, case-control study, based on the AGES-CM cohort, a longitudinal prospective study including patients with FEP ages 7-40, their first-degree relatives, and an age- and sex-matched sample of controls in seven university hospitals in the region of Madrid. We assessed loneliness in childhood with the question "Have you ever felt lonely for more than 6 months before the age of 12" and objetive social isolation with the peer relationships item from the childhood subscale of the Premorbid Adjustment Scale. We conducted logistic and linear regression analyses to assess the association between childhood loneliness and i) the odds of presenting a FEP and ii) clinical variables of interest (diagnosis and scores on positive, negative, general, depressive, and manic symptoms and functioning), while adjusting for demographic variables. Results: The study sample comprised 285 patients with FEP (32.6% female, age 24.50 ± 6.2 years) and 546 controls (48.7% female, age 25.93 ± 5.5 years). Loneliness in childhood was associated with increased odds of FEP (adjusted odds ratio; aOR: 2.17, 95% CI [1.40-3.51], p=.002). This association remained significant after controlling for objective social isolation in childhood (aOR:2.70, IC 95% [1.58-4.62], p<.001). The effect of the association was stronger in females (aOR:4.74, 95% CI [2.23-10.05], p<.001) than in males (aOR:1.17, IC 95% [0.63-2.19], p=.623). In females with FEP, loneliness in childhood was significantly associated with increased odds of receiving a diagnosis of other psychosis (aOR:0.155, 95% CI [0.048-0.506], p=.002) relative to an SSD diagnosis. In the FEP sample, loneliness in childhood was associated with greater severity of positive and affective symptoms and worse functioning. Conclusions: Loneliness in childhood is associated with increased odds of FEP and clinical variables of interest. This suggests the potential role of this phenotype as an early risk marker for psychosis that could help guide targeted interventions. Disclosure of Interest: C. Díaz-Caneja Grant / Research support from: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI17/00481, PI20/00721, JR19/00024), European Union, Consultant of: Angelini, L. Donaire: None Declared, V. Cavone: None Declared, Á. Andreu-Bernabeu: None Declared, J. González-Peñas: None Declared, M. Díaz-Marsá: None Declared, R. Rodríguez-Jiménez: None Declared, Á. Ibáñez: None Declared, E. Baca-García: None Declared, J. C. Leza: None Declared, M. F. Bravo-Ortiz: None Declared, J. L. Ayuso-Mateos: None Declared, C. Arango Grant / Research support from: Madrid Regional Government (R&D activities in Biomedicine S2022/BMD-7216 AGES 3-CM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Union, Consultant of: Acadia, Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Medscape, Menarini, Minerva, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug properties of antiepileptics as glutamatergic and gabaergic system modulators indicate their potential utility in the treatment of addictive disorders. Their clinical efficacy has been widely studied in the treatment of detoxication of alcohol and benzodiazepine. Furthermore, different studies support their utility in the prevention of relapses in alcohol consumption. In regards to other addictions, up to now studies have only been conducted with small samples and different methodologies. Thus, the data are less consistent and do not make it possible to rule out the fact that these drugs may also contribute benefits as coadjuvant treatment in other addictive disorders. In addition, the new antiepileptics offer relevant advantages, especially in regards to their tolerability. The drugs that are currently available include a wide spectrum of pharmacodynamic actions. Therefore, advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying addiction will help to design more selective strategies in the use of antiepileptics based on their specific action mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine the clinically ascertained variables that are related to satisfactory response to naltrexone (NTX) treatment of alcohol dependence after detoxification. Methods: The use of intake and outcome variables were measured in a randomized 3-month open-controlled trial comparing the effects of naltrexone plus psychotherapy treatment versus psychotherapy treatment alone on the maintenance of abstinence in the final 28 days (n = 336, all male). Results: Predictors of a positive response to NTX treatment were family history of alcoholism (P = 0.010), early age at onset of drinking problems (P = 0.014) and comorbid use of other drugs of abuse (P < 0.001). Among the subjects not treated with NTX, the greater the number of predictor variables, the lower the final 28 days abstinence rates (P = 0.00003), but this was not the case in patients treated with NTX (P = 0.844). Conclusions: Patients with these features, suggesting biological vulnerability overall have poorer outcomes, but this can be reduced with NTX treatment. The type of alcoholism should be considered before deciding on the pharmacological strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]