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Con esta publicación se culmina el trabajo del congreso APEGA (Asociación de Profesores de Expresión Gráfica Aplicada a la Edificación), cita bienal que reúne a los expertos y profesores del área que imparten docencia e investigan en las distintas Universidades y Escuelas de Europa y América, fundamentalmente. Sirve de vehículo para el intercambio de conocimiento y experiencias con el objetivo de fomentar, potenciar, orientar, desarrollar y promover la enseñanza de la EXPRESIÓN GRÁFICA en las titulaciones universitarias de Arquitectura Técnica, Ingeniería de Edificación y demás titulaciones del ámbito de la edificación. Pensar dibujando es el lema elegido para la presente edición y propone una estructura transversal de las líneas temáticas de las comunicaciones. Se parte, como premisa, de que la imagen final, el dibujo, es para la expresión gráfica aplicada a la edificación, no tanto un fin en sí misma, sino un vehículo útil para el exhaustivo análisis y/o producción de lo representado; infiriéndose de ella que precisa, para alcanzar dicho objetivo, extraer la esencia de la realidad de forma previa a su dibujo o modelización. Esta es la secuencia necesaria que pretende reflejar la publicación: desde la síntesis a la realidad, que es la que inspira tanto el lema del Congreso, como la estructura transversal establecida en la publicación

"Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean" (volume XVII) is the continuation of a series of publications that highlight the latest research on the fortifications of the Mediterranean region. These contributions were gathered in the seventh edition of the international conference Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast, FORTMED 2024, hosted by Universiteti Politeknik i Tiranës in Tirana, Albania on April 18, 19, and 20, 2024. The series 'Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean' aims to share knowledge about the historical and current state of military architecture along the Mediterranean coast, including structures built overseas that are influenced by those in the Mediterranean. The conference and the 17 published volumes of the series have demonstrated to be the most persistent and serious effort in researching and documenting military architecture in the Mediterranean over the last decade. While fortresses and castles have always been recognized as vital components of historic built heritage, their strategic defensive role hasn't always been fully understood and explored. The study of military architecture, a multidisciplinary task, prompts a reassessment of this cultural environment, often neglected or at risk. From prehistoric fortification traces to contemporary bunkers and military infrastructures, the discourse on documenting and preserving military heritage welcomes and encourages contributions from diverse fields, including architecture, engineering, archaeology, history, geography, and cultural heritage9 FORTMED, the international conference on the Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast, has evolved into a research-based platform that transcends borders and centuries, delving into the strategic, historical, and cultural significance of fortifications along the Mediterranean coast. FORTMED has embraced diverse venues, ranging from Valencia to Florence, Alicante to Turin, and later to Granada, and finally to Pisa. These conferences have become sy

Este trabajo describe el proceso de digitalización del manto de Salida de Nuestra Señora del Socorro, titular de la hermandad del Amor. Se trata de una pieza emblemática del arte textil sacro sevillano. El objeto de estudio tiene unas dimensiones de 4,80 x 4,60 metros, confeccionado en terciopelo granate sobre el que se aplica un denso bordado en oro. Realizado en 1957, el manto ha sido sometido a un proceso de restauración durante los dos últimos años. Al término de este proceso, se realiza una virtualización transfiriendo técnicas de levantamiento arquitectónico a la documentación de su estado restaurado. En el proceso de trabajo se han mezclado técnicas de planificación de vuelo provenientes de la fotogrametría aérea, con equipos topográficos y fotográficos propios de la fotogrametría terrestre. Los resultados obtenidos, en alta resolución, consisten en un banco de imágenes, modelos digitales, ortofotos y secciones, así como vídeos destinados a favorecer la divulgación del bien. Estos productos permiten un profundo análisis de la geometría y de las técnicas y materiales empleados sobre el manto, elementos de gran utilidad para la conservación preventiva. El trabajo, pionero en objetos textiles de estas características, ha precisado adaptar las técnicas y los equipos al entorno de trabajo de un taller de bordado, así como a las sutilezas que imponen los materiales textiles, brillantes y sagrados sobre los que se ha actuado., This paper describes the process of digitisation of the Nuestra Señora del Socorro’s procession cape, of the Hermandad del Amor. It is an emblematic piece of Sevillian sacred textile art. The dimensions of the studied object are 4.80 x 4.60 metres, made of maroon velvet on which a dense gold embroidery is applied. Made in 1957, the cape has undergone a restoration process during the last two years. A virtualisation was carried out by transferring architectural survey techniques to the documentation of its restored state. In the work process, aerial photogrammetry techniques have been combined with topographic and photographic equipment from terrestrial photogrammetry. The results obtained, in high resolution, consist of a bank of images, digital models, orthophotos and sections, as well as videos to disseminate the asset. This enables an in-depth analysis of the geometry, techniques and materials used on the cape, useful for conservation. Pioneer in textile objects of these characteristics, this work has required adapting the techniques and equipment to the working environment of an embroidery workshop, as well as to the nuances of these shiny and sacred textile materials addressed.

La vallée de l'Outat est située du côté nord oriental du Haut Atlas, grand massif montagneux qui fait partie de l'une des quatre barrières naturelles qui parcourent le territoire marocain d'ouest en est, divisant le pays en deux régions complètement distinctes. La lecture ouvrage nous apprend pourquoi et comment les premiers habitants sont arrivés dans cette vallée, en traitant de thèmes tels que la transhumance et la sédentarisation, l'organisation politique, sociale et économique de cette population, y compris la vie dans la vallée aujourd'hui. On y admire ce paysage incroyable et son architecture, en visitant l'une après l'autre ses villes de terre, analysées sous l'angle de leur urbanisme, de leur typologie, de leurs modes de construction et des matériaux qui les composent.

La iglesia de la Virgen de Sales se encuentra en la localidad de Sueca, al sur de Valencia. La proximidad del antiguo molino arrocero del Pasiego y de la acequia Mayor, que discurre enterrada a apenas 6 m. de la fachada norte de la iglesia, están afectando a la estabilidad de la iglesia y por tanto provocando daños a su estructura. Con el objeto de determinar el estado de degradación de la cúpula y la afección del resto de la iglesia, se ha procedido a realizar un levantamiento gráfico mediante escáner láser 3D, que servirá de base para la redacción del proyecto de intervención. A lo largo de la presente comunicación se mostrará la metodología de trabajo seguida en la digitalización y documentación de la iglesia, así como se mostrará información relevante, tanto métrica como de su estado actual.

Actualmente, los levantamientos del patrimonio arquitectónico y arqueológico pasan necesariamente por la obtención de una réplica digital 3D de gran exactitud gráfica y fotográfica. A partir de este clon digital podemos obtener los distintos documentos gráficos, tanto para el análisis del bien como para el desarrollo del proyecto arquitectónico de conservación, restauración, intervención o puesta en valor. Sin embargo, los productos obtenidos son dispares y tanto los equipos redactores como las administraciones públicas que licitan estos proyectos, necesitan la determinación de estándares de calidad y su clasificación, para poder solicitar y evaluar estas capturas masivas de datos. A continuación, se presenta el estado del arte de un proyecto de investigación en curso, que tiene como objeto determinar dichos estándares. Trataremos de enumerar qué grupos de investigación están avanzando en el ámbito de la digitalización del patrimonio, y las experiencias previas de establecimiento de estándares.

[ES] La Fortaleza del Real Felipe fue una de las más importantes plazas de la Monarquía Española y escenario de importantes sucesos históricos. Fue una plaza clave que controlaba el puerto del Callao, puerta de entrada a Lima. Uno de los mayores ejemplos de arquitectura militar española del siglo XVIII. A través del tiempo ha sufrido distintas intervenciones y cambios de uso, fue recién en el siglo XX donde se tomó conciencia de su valor patrimonial y fue restaurada en diferentes momentos, con diferentes planteamientos y resultados. Para esta investigación se ha contado con información inédita brindada por el arquitecto Víctor Pimentel y el apoyo de las autoridades militares que administran la fortaleza., [EN] The Real Felipe Fortress was one of the most important stronghold of the Spanish Monarchy and the scene of important historical events. It was a key stronghold that controlled the port of Callao, gateway to Lima. One of the greatest examples of Spanish military architecture of the 18th century. Over time it has undergone different interventions and changes of use, it was only in the twentieth century where it was aware of its heritage value and was restored at different times, with different approaches and results. For this research I have had unpublished information provided by the architect Víctor Pimentel and the support of the military authorities that administer the fortress.

La captura gigapíxel es una técnica muy novedosa que está empezando a ser utilizada por importantes museos internacionales como medio de documentación, análisis y divulgación. Esta publicación expone los logros de un proyecto de investigación centrado en documentar y divulgar importantes obras de arte pictóricas del patrimonio valenciano mediante imágenes fotográficas de ultra alta resolución o resolución gigapíxel.En este trabajo se ha utilizado esta metodología para documentar las principales obras del Museo de Bellas Artes de València y otras pertenecientes a la Diputación de València, al Fondo de Arte de la Universitat Politècnica de València y algunas obras de juventud del pintor valenciano Leopoldo García Ramón.

[EN] The research presented here puts together different direct and/or physical operations all aimed to enhance the knowledge and produce advanced dissemination of the very last ship from the “Mosquitos’ Fleet” which operated during the World War I and in some operations even during the World War II. The exploration of the valuable remains along the Thames River in London, the intervention with archaeology strategy, the use of digital survey procedures, the investigation of the references about the fleet, the digital modelling and drawing and the final online sharing of the 3D model, brought together to a specific digital heritage creation of an element with a high risk of getting lost. An international team worked together on the poor shipwreck of the Eothen (the last name assigned to this ship by its last owner). The intervention was operated in very odd operative conditions, with the hull invaded by the mud, the very wet environment and the daily flood of the area, such a mix of difficult conditions were a special challenge for the survey operations, which were optimized and accurately planned to allow the best and efficient result in terms of coverage and level of details. The following post-processing aimed to the production of a classic set of 2D drawings and an interactive 3D model, accessible in a real-time visualization from the sketchfab.com platform creates an excellent base for a possible following restoration/musealisation intervention, or, at least, allow digital preservation of a rich dataset of the remains of this interesting piece from the naval history of the first half of the 20th century., [ES] La investigación que aquí se muestra reúne diferentes operaciones directas y/o físicas, todas orientadas a mejorar el conocimiento y producir una puesta en valor del último barco de la “Flota de Mosquitos” que operó durante la Primera Guerra Mundial y en algunas operaciones incluso durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Presentamos la exploración de los valiosos restos a lo largo del río Támesis en Londres, la intervención con estrategia arqueológica, el uso de procedimientos de levantamiento digital, la investigación de las referencias sobre la embarcación, el modelado y dibujo digital, y el intercambio final en línea del modelo 3D, reunidos en una aportación de patrimonio digital específico de un elemento con alto riesgo de perderse. Un equipo internacional , trabajaron juntos en el naufragio del Eothen (nombre asignado a este barco por su último propietario). La toma de datos se realizó en condiciones operativas muy complejas, con el casco invadido por el limo del rio, el entorno muy húmedo y la inundación diaria de la zona; esta mezcla de condiciones difíciles fueron un desafío especial para llevar a cabo las operaciones de levantamiento, las cuales fueron optimizadas con el objetivo de obtener el mejor y más eficiente resultado en términos de cobertura y nivel de detalle. El siguiente posprocesamiento estuvo dirigido a la obtención de un conjunto clásico de dibujos 2D, así como de un modelo 3D interactivo, accesible en una visualización en tiempo real desde la plataforma Sketchfab.com. Así se ha creado una base excelente para una posible intervención posterior de restauración/musealización, o, al menos, para obtener la preservación digital de un rico conjunto de datos de los restos de esta interesante pieza de la historia naval, de la primera mitad del siglo XX.

[ES] El presente trabajo final de Máster consiste en el análisis arquitectónico patrimonial y en el levantamiento gráfico de una vivienda que se adhiere a los paradigmas del Movimiento Moderno en América Latina: la Casa sobre el Arroyo, obra del arquitecto Amancio Williams. La finalidad de este estudio es conocer su estado actual de conservación, así como los cambios y transformaciones por los que ha atravesado, con el fin de crear un plan de acción, destinado a recuperar los elementos originales en los que reside su valor arquitectónico, como símbolo del movimiento moderno en Argentina., [EN] The present End of Master's project consists in the patrimonial and architectural analysis, together with a graphic survey of a house that adheres to the paradigms of the Modern Movement in Latin America: The House over the Brook, work of the architect Amancio Williams. The purpose of this study is to identify its current state of conservation, as well as the changes and transformations it has undergone, in order to create an action plan, aimed at recovering the original elements in which its architectural value resides, being a symbol of the modern movement in Argentina.

[EN] This article is presented after ten years of research on the earthen architecture of southeastern Morocco, more specifically that of the natural axis connecting the cities of Midelt and Er-Rachidia, located North and South of the Moroccan northern High Atlas. The typology studied is called ksar (ksour, pl.). Throughout various research projects, we have been able to explore this territory, documenting in field sheets the characteristics of a total of 30 ksour in the Outat valley, 20 in the mountain range and 53 in the Mdagra oasis. The objective of the present work is to analyze, through qualitative and quantitative data, the main characteristics of this vernacular architecture as a perfect example of an environmentally respectful habitat, obtaining concrete data on its traditional character and its sustainability. The methodology followed is based on case studies and, as a result, we have obtained a typological classification of the ksour of this region and their relationship with the territory, as well as the social, functional, defensive, productive, and building characteristics that define them. Knowing and puttin in value this vernacular heritage is the first step towards protecting it and to show our commitment to future generations.

[ES] Cuando se habla de patrimonio, su significado se relaciona directamente a elementos que cuentan con una antigüedad, lejana a la presente época. Este entendimiento provoca que se perciba a las construcciones contemporáneas no aptas en los parámetros de conservación y salvaguardia patrimonial. Ecuador cuenta con un variado repertorio de edificios de Arquitectura Moderna que son poco conocidos a nivel local e internacional. Por ello, instituciones, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, sumadas a esfuerzos de universidades e investigadores, han realizado acciones para poner en valor esta arquitectura mediante el desarrollo de estudios de varias obras del movimiento moderno y sus respectivos autores, principalmente, en ciudades como Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca. Sin embargo, estos esfuerzos por difundir y documentar este legado cultural, no han sido suficientes para abarcar otros territorios del país que también cuentan con esta riqueza arquitectónica. Es el caso de la capital de la provincia de Manabí, Portoviejo, ciudad que aún no cuenta con una investigación y valorización de los edificios del movimiento moderno presente en esta zona del litoral ecuatoriano, y que con el pasar de los años, por condiciones antrópicas y naturales, como lo fueron las incidencias del terremoto del 16 de abril de 2016, se han determinado pérdidas irreparables de bienes con claras tendencias de una Arquitectura Moderna. En este sentido, la presente propuesta de trabajo de final de Master busca desarrollar una aproximación a la Arquitectura Moderna presente en Portoviejo mediante el análisis, valoración y documentación de una edificación pública que se enmarca en los parámetros del Movimiento Moderno: el edificio del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería1, obra de los hermanos y arquitectos Ignacio y Rubén Moreira Velázquez., [EN] When we speak of heritage, its meaning is directly related to elements that have an antiquity far removed from the present time. This understanding causes contemporary constructions to be perceived as inadequate within the parameters of heritage conservation and safeguarding. Ecuador has a varied repertoire of Modern Architecture buildings that are little known locally and internationally. For this reason, governmental and non-governmental institutions, together with the efforts of universities and researchers, have carried out actions to enhance the value of this architecture through the development of studies of various works of the modern movement and their respective authors, mainly in cities such as Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca. However, these efforts to disseminate and document this cultural legacy have not been sufficient to cover other parts of the country that also have this architectural wealth. This is the case of the capital of the province of Manabí, Portoviejo, a city that still does not have an investigation and valuation of the buildings of the modern movement present in this area of the Ecuadorian coast, and that over the years, due to anthropic and natural conditions, such as the effects of the earthquake of 16 April 2016, irreparable losses of assets with clear Modern Architecture tendencies have been determined. In this sense, this Master's thesis proposal seeks to develop an approach to the Modern Architecture present in Portoviejo through the analysis, assessment and documentation of a public building that is framed within the parameters of the Modern Movement: the building of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock1, the work of the brothers and architects Ignacio and Rubén Moreira Velázquez.

[ES] El Ayuntamiento de Cullera, considerando la importancia histórica de su costa como punto estratégico naval desde época romana, reflejado en distintos puntos de interés cultural del municipio, ve necesario la creación de un equipamiento cultural denominado Museo del Mar, para exponer los hallazgos de su zona marítima, al tiempo que da cabida a todas las activi- dades relacionadas con la presencia del hombre en el mar. Contando con tres viviendas ubicadas en el Barrio del Faro, se propone su restauración, así como la adecuación de dos de ellas para la instalación del Museo del Mar, que albergue exposiciones a base de colecciones de arqueología subacuática, procedentes del perímetro de la propia costa de la localidad, y pertenecientes a navíos de distintas épocas históricas. Es una actuación propicia para recuperar la arquitectura tradicional del anti-guo barrio de pescadores, que se ha visto afectado por el abandono y la construcción de edificios vacacionales., [EN] The City Council of Cullera, considering the historical importance of its coast as a strategic naval point since Roman times and reflected in different points of cultural interest of the municipality, considers that is necessary to create a cultural facility called the Sea Museum, to expose the findings of its maritime zone, at the same time that it allows all the activities related to the presence of man in the sea. Therefore, and with three traditional municipal-owned houses located in the neighborhood El Faro, as well as the adaptation of two of them for the installation of the Sea Museum, which harbor the exhibitions of different collections from underwater archeology of the perimeter of the town’s own coast and belonging to ships of different historical periods. This is a propi- tious action to recover the traditional architecture of the old fishing district, which has been affected by the abandonment and the construction of ho- liday buildings.

[EN] Urban art or street art, known worldwide as graffiti , has become a form of expression, which often has a great visual impact, and now is being part of the image of almost all cities. The majority of these manifestations are carried out illegally, and they consist of a combination of seemingly disjointed texts, whose main aim is to achieve a sensory distraction, a revolutionary or an anti-system act, instead of having an artistic purpose itself. However, there are other graffiti works that can be considered as masterpieces, since they have an artistic value that is comparable to any piece of art. Another distinctive aspect of graffiti works is its temporary character, so they are ephemeral and non-conservable pieces, since they are exposed to the climate elements. On the one hand, this fact is not necessarily a problem for the vast majority of graffiti, but, in the case of a graffiti masterpiece, it is undeniable that this distinctive feature of mutability, which is an intrinsic part of its artistic objective, should not avoid its correct documentation as a work of art. As its material transience has to be respected, at least, we should document them to preserve its memory and to create a graphic database of urban art masterpieces for future diffusion on other media. The main aim of this contribution is to show different photographic methodologies for the documentation of graffiti on architectural supports. These methodologies have been tested, analysed and evaluated, establishing a suitability criteria according to the conditions in which the works are placed. Finally, some conclusions will be drawn on the di¿erent documentation methodologies for these urban artworks, which are often photographed both in their sequence and in their ¿nal art, without having an adequate architectural graphic record.

[EN] In the city of Valencia (Spain), domes covered by blue-glazed roofing tiles are common, but there is one that stands out above all others; the dome of the Escuelas Pias, one of the largest single-shell domes of Christianity. This dome is pending repair due to the appearance of large cracks. The present contribution aims to take us closer to the construction of the dome. By following a historical trajectory, we broaden its formal analysis providing a constructive approach that determines some factors on which some questions and controversies have been raised. Thus, we intend to solve these issues and others based on the results obtained from a high-precision graphic survey carried out by the authors. Based on the analysis of this graphic survey, new contributions regarding to its current morphology and the construction system used will be facilitated, revealing some unknowns that enable the understanding of its structural functioning and its constructive technology.

[EN] The Mdagra Oasis is located in the province of Er-Rachidia, in southern Morocco. The objective of this contribution is to present an unparalleled inventory of the ksour existing in that oasis, the result of several years of study and field exploration. During the Saadi period (16th century), this area of the Ziz basin was a compulsory stop for traders on the route of caravans crossing the High Atlas. Later, during the Alauita period, the area was consolidated, and for more than 400 years many important cities were constructed using rammed earth, as Ksar es Souq or Sidi Bou Abdellah Ksar. This is how the oasis came to have an important community integrated by Berbers, Arabs and Jews. Today, most of the oasis¿ ksour are abandoned for different reasons and remain in a state of advanced ruin. Through fieldwork, we have been able to identify, record, analyze and classify 53 earthen human settlements, providing an unprecedented study of all of them. Subsequently, a first typological classification was proposed based on aspects such as the implementation in the territory, the external morphology, the urban organization, or the occupation area. The ultimate goal was to document this rammed earth, at-risk heritage since we have witnessed its rapid degradation, and even disappearance in some cases, throughout this investigation.

[EN] Bairén Castle was built in the Almoravid period, carring out the function of border hisn of the Taifa of Dénia. It was the administrative, political and legal-religious center of more than 20 farmhouses or qurà and castles. At present is possible visit the castle, although only part of its walls and remains of ruins scattered throughout the hill remain. The abandonment that has been suffering during these last years, together with the uncontrolled growth of the vegetation, make necessary to carry out urgent actions to conserve and put it in value. Within the framework of the study carried out in the initial phase of the Project for the authorization of the archaeological park of the castle of Bairén1, we have been developing an important work of graphic documentation, which will serve both to demonstrate the current state of the castle, as well as for the archaeological and restoration works. The main objective of this communication is to set the methodology for the graphic survey according to this type of monuments, establish the workflow, and finally, show the graphic documentation obtained.

ES] Barros da Costa, Hugo. NYC relatos gráficos (por Pablo Rodríguez-Navarro) pp82.--Barros da Costa, Hugo. On the path of Louis Kahn ( por Pedro Molina-Siles) pp.83.-- Cabodevilla Artieda, Ignacio. Análisis comparativo de la arquitectura gótica en los reinos de Aragón y Nápoles (S. XIII-XV) (por Noelia Cervero Sánchez). pp. 84--Salvador García, Elena. Protocolo HBIM para la gestión eficiente del uso público del patrimonio arquitectónico (por María José Viñals Blasco & Jorge Luis García-Valldecabres) pp. 85.-- Sánchez de la Guía, Lucía. Modelos y métodos de participación del usuario en el diseño de productos y servicios (por Marina Puyuelo Cazorla) pp 86.

[EN] The defence project of the coast of the Kingdom of Valencia was consolidated during the 16th century. The project, designed by Antonelli, envisaged a total of 53 towers. At this time, the new cartographic discoveries and scientific breakthroughs favored the production of maps. In 1584, Abraham Ortelius published the first map of the Kingdom of Valencia, which included some of the watchtowers cited by Antonelli. During the 16th to 18th centuries, watchtowers were also included in other Spanish authors' maps, adding the toponym and graphically describing their evolution and presence. On a smaller scale, they also appear in plans destined for civil works, in which they acquire greater representation. Throughout the research project TOrres de VIgia y defensa del litoral VAlenciano, TOVIVA (Ref: HAR2013-41859-P), sponsored by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Government of Spain, these towers were documented, the main drawback being their material identification. The fact that there does not exist a unique tower model, together with factors such as subsequent interven¿ ons that have altered their status; the lack of the material remains, due to not being finally executed or because they were demolished or absorbed by the advance of the coastline; and the toponymical changes that have been accumulating throughout history, are just some of the factors that have hampered its characterization. In this manuscript, we review the most relevant historical cartography of the Modern Age through the representa¿ on of the Valencian watchtowers, emphasizing its graphics and formal and spatial reliability.

[EN] This contribution tries to describe the research and intervention process that the authors have carried out for the conservation of the Sidi Bou Guertif Mausoleum. The methodological process has been based on the prior knowledge of the construction systems, as well as the conservation and recovery-reconstruction techniques used by the region’s master builders, practices that are respectful with the building and that are validated by their use for centuries. In addition, the project contemplated the involvement of young locals interested in learning about these jobs that unfortunately disappear, but are absolutely necessary to preserve this heritage at-risk., [ES] La presente contribución describe el proceso de investigación e intervención que los autores han seguido para la restauración del Mausoleo de Sidi Bou Guertif. El proceso metodológico se ha basado en el conocimiento previo de los sistemas constructivos, así como de las técnicas de conservación y recuperación-reconstrucción empleadas por los maestros de obras de la región, prácticas que son respetuosas con el edificio y que se encuentran validadas por su uso durante siglos. Además el proyecto contempló la incorporación de jóvenes locales interesados en conocer estos oficios que lamentablemente van desapareciendo, pero que son absolutamente necesarios para poder preservar este patrimonio en peligro.

[ES] La Quinta de Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes, o también conocida como "Casino del Americano", es una villa de recreo que se construye en la huerta norte de Valencia, en el barrio de Benicalap en 1869. El trabajo final de máster tiene como objetivo desarrollar un estudio previo que nos permita conocer, recuperar, poner en valor y divulgar esta arquitectura tradicional de la ciudad de Valencia. La metodología empleada, tiene como primera fase la recopilación de toda la bibliografía y fuentes documentales existentes sobre este palacete suburbano, para aproximarnos al origen, naturaleza, esquema constructivo y evolución a lo largo del tiempo. Seguidamente contextualizaremos el objeto de estudio mediante un análisis del marco histórico, territorial y arquitectónico de mediados del siglo XIX. Centrándonos en la historia y evolución urbana del barrio de Benicalap y en los movimientos arquitectónicos propios de la época, la arquitectura ecléctica. También se propone una investigación sobre ésta tipología arquitectónica propia de la burguesía y clases sociales adineradas. Definiendo las características y estableciendo comparaciones con otros ejemplos de la época. Continuaremos indagando entorno a la arquitectura indiana. Estableciendo una definición y focalizando en aspectos como la cuestión formal, estilos, características principales, materiales empleados, decoración de interiores y relación con el entorno. Y finalmente, haremos mención al artífice de esta construcción. El encargo fue realizado por una familia adinerada procedente de la Habana al maestro de obras Manuel Piñón. Su biografía y principales proyectos serán también brevemente abordados en este trabajo. En nuestro caso de estudio dadas las escasas fuentes documentales, la mayor parte de información se obtendrá del estudio de la fuente principal, que es el edificio. El levantamiento gráfico será el método de análisis principal de la fuente. Éste tiene un valor intrínseco ante la posibilidad de colapso del edi, [EN] La Quinta de Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes, or also known as Casino del Americano, is a recreational villa built in the north of Valencian orchards, in Benicalap neighbourhood in 1869. This research project has the objective of developing a previous study to know, recover, enhance and promote this traditional architecture of Valencia. The work methodology used tries to compile all the existing bibliography about this suburban palace, in order to know its origins, building process and historical evolution. Then we will study the historical, territorial and architectonic context in the middle of the 19th century, focusing on the urban development of Benicalap and the eclectic architecture. We will research about the characteristics of the recreational villa, an architectonic typology inherent to the wealthy class / bourgeoisie comparing it with other examples of the century. Next we will investigate the meaning of the indian architecture: main characteristics, architectural styles, building materials used and its relation with the landscape. This recreational villa was built by the master builder Manuel Piñón, in 1869, for a family from Havana. Therefore, his biography and main projects will be researched in this work. Due to the lack of bibliography, the information will be, mostly obtained through the study of the building. The graphic surveying is the main working method, which has an intrinsec value because of the danger of collapse the building. It is essential to develop a graphic surveying of the residence and gardens. This graphic surveying will be elaborated scientifically, employing a Laser scanner, enable to capture accurate measurements of buildings. It aims to create a graphical documentation of the Casino based on geometric, compositional and morphologic analysis. In order to assess its current conservation status we will draw architectural plans identifying damages and degradation phenomena. In conclusión the present research work will provide us

[EN] Morocco has a vernacular architectural heritage of recognized value, which constitutes an indissoluble part of its cultural legacy. In the south of the country, specifically in the High Atlas mountain range and the pre-Saharan oases, we mainly find earth constructions of an incomparable landscape integration and plasticity. However, the political and social changes of the last decades are favoring the abandonment of these constructions, placing many of them at risk of disappearing. The objective of this contribution is to reveal the characteristics and weaknesses that the new constructions present today. The method used has consisted in analyzing the preservation actions that are being carried out, both by the Moroccan public administration and by private individuals, including those developed by the authors through documentation, cataloging, virtualization, and restoration.