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Trabajo presentado en el 6th SETAC World Congress (2012), celebrado en Berlín del 20 al 24 de mayo de 2012., The southwest of the Iberian Peninsula is characterized by the presence of diverse aquatic environments, estuaries and marshes which environmental situation depends critically on the impact of pollutant substances as consequence of mining activities, increase of population densities, agricultural and industrial activities . A great number of contaminants are treated and eliminated in the waste water treatment plants, but recently the presence of new emergent pollutants has been detected which chemical nature limits the action of the treatment systems . In order to assess environmental risk and deterioration in these ecosystems analytical tools were developed under the framewor k of Interreg IIIA project Rise sub projects Endocrinbiotox and Farmacotox to characterize and diagnostic the presence of emergent pollutants . Samplings were carried in marshes and aquatic ecosystems of the cross- border region of Spain and Portugal, namely Bay of Cádiz, River Guadiana, Ria Formosa Lagoon and Arade River . Core sediments and benthic organisms (clam Scrobicularia plana and polychaete Nereis diversicolor) were sampled . Accordingly, molecular biomarkers based on the characterization of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damages in biomolecules were analyzed, as well as neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption . Biological answers were integrated with the determination of contaminants in organisms’ tissues and sediments . Additionally, a proteomic approach was applied to gather comprehensive information about protein changes in organisms’ tissues induced by distinct contaminants to identify new biomarkers to be used in environmental quality assessment . The integration of biomarker responses and sediment characterization can be a useful tool for marine pollution monitoring in southwest of the Iberian Peninsula.

13 páginas, 6 figuras., [EN] Specimens of Crassostrea angulata were exposed to sublethal copper concentrations (200 and 600 µg L-1 Cu2+) during 2 to 30 days. The accumulation of copper and histopathological effects on the gills, digestive gland and heart were studied. The highest copper concentrations were found in the gills, with values over 2 mg g-1 dry weight for organisms exposed to the highest concentration at the end of the exposure period (day 30). In the digestive gland, the concentration was 1 mg g-1 dry weight (highest exposure on day 30). The rate of bioconcentration (BCr, defined as the concentration in the tissue at an exposure concentration at time t minus the mean concentration of the control throughout the experiment, divided by the exposure time) decreased in both tissues. The values ranged from 392 to 57 µg g-1 day-1 for gills and from 133 to 18 µg g-1 d-1 for the digestive gland. In the gills, specimens exposed to 200 µg L Cu2+ showed disorganization and apical alterations of the cilia cells and hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and lamellar loss in organisms exposed to 600 µg L-1 Cu2+. In the digestive gland, specimens exposed to 200 µg L-1 Cu2+ showed hemocytic infiltration in the underlying connective tissue and numerous brown cells compared to the control specimens. On the other hand, thinning of the epithelium of the digestive tubules, occlusion in the lumen of some primary tubules and dilation of the digestive ducts occurred in organisms exposed to 600 µg L-1 Cu2+. The heart of oysters exposed to copper showed thinning of the epithelium of the auricles and ventricle and an increase in brown cells on the walls of the auricles, as well as connective tissue destruction in the auricles and ventricle., [ES] Ejemplares de ostión Crassostrea angulata fueron expuestos a concentraciones subletales de cobre (200 y 600 µg L-1 Cu2+) durante un periodo de 2 a 30 días. Se cuantificó la concentración de cobre, así como las alteraciones histopatológicas inducidas en branquias, glándula digestiva y corazón. Las concentraciones más elevadas de cobre correspondieron a las branquias, con valores alrededor de 2 mg g-1 peso seco en los organismos expuestos a la concentración más alta, al final del periodo de exposición (día 30). En la glándula digestiva la concentración alcanzada fue del orden de 1 mg g-1 peso seco. La tasa de bioconcentración (BCr), definida como la diferencia entre la concentración en el tejido a una concentración de exposición a tiempo t y la concentración media del control a lo largo del experimento, dividida por el tiempo de exposición, disminuyó en ambos tejidos. Los valores variaron en el intervalo entre 392 y 57 µg g-1 d-1 en las branquias y entre 133 y 18 µg g-1 día-1 en la glándula digestiva. En branquias de ejemplares tratados con una concentración de 200 µg L-1 Cu2+ se observó una desorganización del tejido conjuntivo, alteraciones en la porción apical de las células ciliadas e hiperplasia y fusión de laminillas, pudiendo llegar incluso a la pérdida de estas laminillas a 600 µg L-1 Cu2+. En la glándula digestiva (hepatopáncreas) de ejemplares sometidos a 600 µg L-1 Cu2+ se detectó un adelgazamiento del epitelio y, en algunos casos, oclusión de la luz de los túbulos digestivos y dilatación de los conductos digestivos. En el corazón de los organismos expuestos a concentraciones subletales de cobre se observó un adelgazamiento del epitelio de las aurículas y del ventrículo, un incremento de las células marrones (brown cells) en las paredes de las aurículas, así como una distensión de las fibras musculares y destrucción del tejido conectivo de soporte, tanto en las aurículas como en el ventrículo., Trabajo subvencionado por el Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, CSIC (Unidad Asociada de Calidad Ambiental y Patología, CSIC y UCA).

8 páginas, 1 figura, 3 tablas. VIII Congreso Nacional de Acuicultura: Acuicultura y desarrollo Sostenible (2001, 22-25 mayo, Santander), [EN] We present a histomorphological description of the digestive tract of the oyster Crassostrea angulata (Lamarck, 1819), as well as a histochemical study of its carbohydrate distribution. The study shows that, in general, glycogen is found in the connective tissue, and neutral mucopolysaccharides/glycoproteins and/or acid mucosubstances in the epithelium and basal cell layers. Glycogen was not detected in the digestive gland, possibly because of its mobilization to the connective tissue for reproduction., [ES] Se realiza una descripción histomorfológica del aparato digestivo del ostión Crassostrea angulata (Lamarck, 1819) y se pone de manifiesto la distribución de carbohidratos mediante técnicas histoquímicas. La pauta general observada es la presencia de glucógeno en el tejido conjuntivo y de mucopolisacáridos/glicoproteínas neutras y/o ácidas en las membranas basales y el epitelio. En la glándula digestiva no se observa glucógeno debido, posiblemente, a su movilización hacia el tejido conjuntivo para su posterior uso con fines reproductivos.