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OBJECTIVE: This study sought to describe and analyze ocular findings associated with nonocular surgery in patients who underwent general anesthesia. METHODS: The authors retrospectively collected a series of 39,431 surgeries using standardized data forms. RESULTS: Ocular findings were reported in 9 cases (2.3:10,000), which involved patients with a mean age of 58.9±19.5 years. These cases involved patients classified as ASA I (33%), ASA II (55%) or ASA III (11%). General anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil was used in 4 cases, balanced general anesthesia was used in 4 cases, and regional block was used in combination with balanced general anesthesia in one case. Five patients (55%) underwent surgery in the supine position, one patient (11%) underwent surgery in the lithotomy position, two patients (22%) underwent surgery in the prone position, and one patient (11%) underwent surgery in the lateral position. Ocular hyperemia was detected in most (77%) of the 9 cases with ocular findings; pain/burning of the eyes, visual impairment, eye discharge and photophobia were observed in 55%, 11%, 11% and 11%, respectively, of these 9 cases. No cases involved permanent ocular injury or vision loss. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmological findings after surgeries were uncommon, and most of the included patients were relatively healthy. Minor complications, such as dehydration or superficial ocular trauma, should be prevented by following systematic protocols that provide appropriate ocular occlusion with a lubricating ointment and protect the eye with an acrylic occluder. These procedures will refine the quality of anesthesia services and avoid discomfort among patients, surgeons and anesthesia staff.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a incidência e causas de cancelamento de cirurgias de catarata em um hospital público de referência. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo em que foram analisados o número de cancelamentos de facectomias durante o ano de 2009. Foram analisados sexo, idade, tipo de procedimento suspenso (facoemulsificação ou extração extracapsular do cristalino), tipo de anestesia, convênio (Sistema Único de Saúde ou convênio/particular) e motivo de suspensão da cirurgia (causas clínicas, institucionais ou pessoais). RESULTADOS: Foram agendadas no período 2.965 cirurgias de catarata, havendo 650 cancelamentos (21,92%). Dentre as principais razões para a suspensão do procedimento destacaram-se as causas clínicas (86,90%). Os meses de inverno apresentaram os maiores índices de suspensão de cirurgias de catarata. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de cancelamento de cirurgia de catarata em serviços públicos parece ser a mesma que há 10 anos. A principal causa de suspensão deve-se por condições clínicas (hipertensão, diabetes, falta de exames, etc.).PURPOSE: To report the incidence and causes of cataract surgery cancellations in a public hospital. METHODS: This is a retrospective study, which examined the number of cancellations of cataract surgery during 2009. We analyzed the type of procedure suspended (phacoemulsification or extracapsular extraction), type of anesthesia, gender, age, covenant (public/private) and the main reasons for suspension of the surgeries (clinical causes, institutional or personal). RESULTS: We analyzed 2,965 scheduled cataract surgeries, with 650 cancellations (21.92%). The main reason for the suspension of the procedure was clinical causes (86.90%). The winter months had the highest suspension rates of cataract surgery. CONCLUSION: The cancellation rate of cataract surgery in Brazilian public system seems to be the same as 10 years ago. The main cause of the suspension should be in clinical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, lack of exams, etc.).

OBJETIVO: Comparar custos da cirurgia de catarata em larga escala para um hospital público, para o governo e para a sociedade, pelas técnicas de facoemulsificação (FACO) e extração extracapsular (EECP). MÉTODOS: Foi realizada revisão baseada principalmente em diversos estudos clínicos realizados entre 2002 e 2010, no Centro Cirúrgico Ambulatorial do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Os gastos estimados com os insumos utilizados para as cirurgias foram de R$ 468,92 no grupo FACO e R$ 259,96 no grupo EECP. As despesas hospitalares com o acompanhamento pós-operatório foram em média de R$ 16,40 (42%) menores no grupo FACO. Com relação ao gasto estimado para a Previdência Social, o grupo EECP custou em média, US$ 44,58 por paciente a mais que o grupo FACO. CONCLUSÃO: O incentivo e o investimento governamental para a realização da FACO no SUS são socialmente justificados, deve-se considerar também a economia dos pacientes e do sistema empresarial, bem como as vantagens clínicas para os pacientes e vantagens econômicas para os hospitais. PURPOSE: To compare the costs of cataract surgery for a public hospital, the government and the society between the techniques of phacoemulsification (PHACO) and extracapsular cataract extraction (EECP). METHODS: A review based on several clinical studies between 2002 and 2010 at the Ambulatorial Surgical Center of the University of São Paulo. RESULTS: The estimated expenses associated with medical supplies used for surgery were R$ 468.92 and R$ 259.96 in the PHACO and EECP groups respectivelly. The hospital expenditures in the postoperative follow-up was approximately R$ 16.40 (42%) lower in the PHACO. Regarding the estimated spending for Social Security, the EECP group cost an average, US$ 44.58 per patient more than the PHACO group.

Purpose To evaluate the possible side effects and potential protection 5 years after implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) with a blue-light filter (yellow tinted). Setting Ophthalmology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Design Prospective randomized clinical study. Methods Patients with bilateral visually significant cataract randomly received an ultraviolet (UV) and blue light–filtering IOL (Acrysof Natural SN60AT) in 1 eye and an acrylic UV light–filtering only IOL (Acrysof SA60AT) in the fellow eye. The primary outcome measures were contrast sensitivity, color vision, and macular findings 5 years after surgery. Results The study enrolled 60 eyes of 30 patients. There were no significant clinical or optical coherence tomography findings in terms of age-related macular degeneration in any eye. There were no statistically significant differences in central macular thickness between the 2 IOL groups ( P =.712). There were also no significant between-group differences under photopic or scotopic conditions at any spatial frequency studied. No statistically significant differences in the color discrimination test were found between the 2 IOL groups ( P =.674). Conclusions After 5 years, there were no significant differences in color perception, scotopic contrast sensitivity, or photopic contrast sensitivity between the blue light–filtering (yellow-tinted) IOL and the IOL with a UV-light filter only (untinted). The potential advantage of the tinted IOL in providing protection to macular cells remains unclear. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

PURPOSE: To determine whether implantation of a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a lower addition (+3.00 diopters [D]) at the lens plane results in better intermediate visual acuity 1 year after surgery compared with a multifocal IOL with higher addition (+4.00 D). METHODS: This prospective, randomized, double-masked study included 80 eyes from 40 patients. Twenty patients were implanted bilaterally with the ReSTOR +3.00-D add IOL and 20 patients were implanted bilaterally with the ReSTOR +4.00-D add IOL. Primary outcome measures were distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity. Secondary outcomes were defocus curves, best reading distance, mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity, quality of life, and spectacle independence. Monocular and binocular visual acuity were measured as uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity at 4 m, uncorrected near and distance-corrected near visual acuity at 40 cm, and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity at 50, 60, and 70 cm. RESULTS: Twelve months postoperatively, no statistically significant difference between groups in distance and near visual acuity was noted. The ReSTOR +3.00-D add group performed better than the ReSTOR +4.00-D add group at all intermediate distances studied. The ReSTOR +4.00-D group chose a reading distance 8 cm closer than the +3.00-D group. Both groups performed similarly with respect to contrast sensitivity, quality of life, and spectacle independence rates. CONCLUSIONS: Patients implanted with a multifocal IOL with lower addition (ReSTOR +3.00 D) had better performance at intermediate distances compared with the ReSTOR +4.00-D add IOL with similar performance for distance and near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and quality of life.

Purpose To compare reading ability after cataract surgery and bilateral implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) with a +3.00 diopter (D) addition (add) or a +4.00 D add. Setting Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Design Prospective comparative study. Methods Patients scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to bilateral implantation of an aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR multifocal IOL with a +3.00 diopter (D) addition (add) or a +4.00 D add. The reading speed, critical print size, and reading acuity were measured binocularly with best correction using MNREAD acuity charts 6 months after surgery. Patients were tested with the chart at the best patient-preferred reading distance and at 40 cm. Binocular uncorrected and best distance-corrected visual acuities at far and near were also measured. Results The study enrolled 32 patients. At the best reading distance, the results were similar between the 2 IOL groups in all reading parameters. When tested at 40 cm, reading speed at all print sizes from 0.3 to 0.0 (all P P P = .014) were statistically significantly better in the +3.00 D IOL group than in the +4.00 D IOL group. Uncorrected and corrected visual acuities at far and near were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusion Although the 2 IOL groups had similar performance in reading parameters, patients had to adjust to their best reading distance. The +3.00 D IOL performed better than the +4.00 D IOL at 40 cm. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência de complicações nas cirurgias de catarata realizada por residentes de um hospital universitário (segundo e terceiro anos), comparado com as realizadas por cirurgiões experientes (assistentes). MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de todos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata realizadas nas primeiras quinzenas de março (época do início do aprendizado da técnica cirúrgica) e de novembro (meados do aprendizado da técnica). Foram analisados a época da realização da cirurgia; graduação do cirurgião (residente ou médico assistente); técnica cirúrgica empregada (extração extracapsular ou facoemulsificação) e a ocorrência de complicações per-operatórias e pós-operatórias. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 481 cirurgias, destas, 194 (40%) foram realizadas pelos residentes do terceiro ano, 165 (34%) pelos residentes do segundo ano e 116 (26%) pelos assistentes. A complicação mais frequentemente encontrada em todas as cirurgias foi a rotura de cápsula posterior (4,8%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa de complicações entre as cirurgias realizadas em março e novembro (p=0,97), bem como entre os residentes sob supervisão e os assistentes (p=0,08). CONCLUSÃO: A rotura de cápsula posterior continua sendo a complicação mais frequentemente encontrada nas cirurgias de residentes em treinamento. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as taxas de complicação destes residentes e os assistentes, o que demonstra o importante papel de uma supervisão adequada. PURPOSE: To evaluate the complication's rate of cataract surgery performed by ophthalmology residents (second and third-year) and experienced surgeons at a public teaching hospital. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who had cataract surgery between March (begin of the technique practice) and November (end of the technique practice) was conducted. RESULTS: In 481 cataracts surgeries, 194 (40%) was performed by third-year residents, 165 (34%) by second-year residents and 116 (26%) by experienced surgeons. The most frequent complication in all surgeries was the posterior capsule rupture (4,8%). No statistical diference was found between the residents and experienced surgeons complication's rates (p=0,08). CONCLUSION: The posterior capsule rupture remains the most frequent complication during the cataract surgery learning curve. In this study there was no statistical difference between residents and experienced surgeons, which demonstrates the important role of adequate supervision of the surgeires.

PURPOSE: Cataract is considered the main preventable cause of blindness and visual impairment mainly in poor countries. This study was done to evaluate if cataract is still an important cause of blindness in Central-West region of State of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a systematically randomized sample of households in five cities located in Central-West region of São Paulo State, Brazil. The sample consisted of 4,229 individuals (8,458 eyes) of all ages. All household members were considered eligible. They were submitted to a complete ophthalmological examination (visual acuity with and without visual correction, biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, tonometry, and refractometry). Cataract diagnosis was given to eyes presenting lens opacity in biomicroscopy exam, according to Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II). Eye with a best correction, presenting visual deficiency or blindness caused by cataract was considered after excluded other pathologies that decrease visual acuity (VA). We considered as visual deficiency eyes with 0.05 < VA < 0.3 and as blind eyes with VA < 0.05. Visual impairment was considered for individuals with 0.05 < VA < 0.3 in the best eye, with the best correction and blindness for individuals with VA < 0.05 in the best eye, with the best correction. We considered the number of eyes with cataract, the number of eyes with visual deficiency and blindness and the number of individuals with visual deficiency and blindness. Occurrence frequency was evaluated for eyes separately and together. RESULTS: Cataract frequency in this population was 4.94% (209 individuals), affecting mainly people over 50'ths (92.34%) and females (61.11%). Cataract was the cause of visual impairment for 0.96% and blindness for 0.52% of the total population. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that cataract prevalence in studied region population of the is similar to developed countries.OBJETIVO: A catarata é a principal causa tratável de cegueira e deficiência visual em países subdesenvolvidos. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar se a catarata continua sendo uma importante causa de cegueira no centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Um estudo transversal, de caráter observacional, realizado em cinco cidades da região centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, para as quais o centro de referência é a cidade de Botucatu. A amostra estabelecida para este estudo, de forma aleatória, seria composta por 5.555 indivíduos, sendo que foram examinados 4.229 indivíduos (8.458 olhos), ou seja, 78% da amostra pretendida. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico completo que consistia em avaliação da acuidade visual (com e sem correção), tonometria, biomicroscopia, fundoscopia e exame refracional. O diagnóstico de catarata foi dado aos indivíduos que apresentassem opacidade de cristalino na biomicroscopia, de acordo com o Sistema de Classificação de Opacidade do Cristalino II (LOCS II). Olhos apresentando deficiência visual ou cegueira, com a melhor correção e causados por catarata, foram considerados após excluir outras patologias que pudessem causar baixa da acuidade visual (AV). Olhos com deficiência visual foram considerados quando 0,05 < AV < 0,3 e olhos cegos quando AV < 0,05. Indivíduos com deficiência visual foram considerados quando 0,05 < AV < 0,3 e indivíduos cegos quando AV < 0,3, no melhor olho com a melhor correção. Foi considerado o número de olhos com catarata, o número de olhos com deficiência visual e cegueira e o número de indivíduos com deficiência visual e cegueira. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de catarata na população estudada foi de 4,94% (209 indivíduos), afetando principalmente indivíduos com mais de 50 anos (92,34%) e do sexo feminino (61,11%). A catarata foi a causa de deficiência visual para 0,96% e a causa de cegueira para 0,52% de toda a população estudada. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados mostraram que a prevalência de catarata na população estudada é semelhante aos índices de países desenvolvidos.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:23:31Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:35:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-55249103139.pdf: 269493 bytes, checksum: d2c79b932c8b436427c8d02709670906 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-01 Purpose: To analyze the conditions, consequences and risks of self-medication in patients attended in ophthalmology emergency room at Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu (UNESP). Methods: Sixty patients who had used any form of self-medication were studied according: age, sex, professional activity, mainly complain, visual acuity (best-corrected vision), who administrated the self-medication (friends/parents, pharmacy clerk, advertisement, or the person himself), sort of medication or product used (eyedrops/ointments/contact lenses), cost (R$), time expenditure to medical attention, ocular complications, risk of visual loss and final diagnose. Results: The majority of patients with self-medication were male (72%). The mean age was 40,9 years (7-77 years). Patients usually used eyedrops that they had at home and delayed 3 days to the first medical evaluation. The most frequently kind of topical eyedrop used was vasoconstrictor (17%). However, many patients even knew what kind of medication they had dropped in their eyes (21%). The great majority of the patients (68%) were exposed to the risk of visual loss. According to our results, self-medication may cause visual complications in 12% of patients, in which, 42% was related to the contact lenses fit without ophthalmologic assistance. Conclusion: The majory of the patients used medication that they had in home. The topical vasoconstrictor was the most frequently used drug, however, they did not know which medication were dropping in their eyes (21%). Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cabeça e Pescoço Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Bioestatística Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu (SP) Condomínio Portal de Itu, Alameda dos Jerivás, 166, CEP: 13301-635. Itu / SP Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cabeça e Pescoço Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Bioestatística Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu (SP)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes de medicina sobre o processo de doação de córneas, comparando-o entre aqueles que já cursaram a disciplina de Oftalmologia com os demais. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado um questionário a estudantes de medicina do interior de São Paulo, contendo dados como: idade, sexo, ano de graduação e 10 perguntas de múltipla escolha sobre o tema. As questões abordaram o limite de idade para doação, contra-indicações para o transplante, tempo para retirada das córneas, dentre outras. Foi comparado o conhecimento (% de acertos) entre aqueles que haviam cursado a disciplina de Oftalmologia (Grupo A) com os demais (Grupo B). RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 402 estudantes. Destes, 140 eram do grupo A e 262 do grupo B. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos (p=0,8328). CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento sobre o processo de doação de córneas mostrou-se insuficiente entre os alunos entrevistados, mesmo para aqueles que haviam cursado a disciplina de Oftalmologia, apontando a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do conhecimento divulgado nas escolas médicas.PURPOSE: To compare knowledge of medical students about the cornea donation process among those who already studied Ophthalmology and the others. METHODOS: A questionnaire containing data as: age, sex, graduation year, and 10 multiple-choice questions about the subject was applied to medical students from the interior of São Paulo state, Brazil. The questions were: age for donation, contraindication for transplants, the time limit to remove the cornea, among others. The knowledge regarding cornea donation was compared between the two groups: students who already studied Ophthalmology (Group A) and the others (Group B). RESULTS: The study group was composed of 402 students, of whom 140 were of group A and 262 of group B. Knowledge between the two groups was different, but not statistically significant (p=0.8328). CONCLUSION: Knowledge about the cornea donation process among the interviewed seemed to be insufficient, even those who had studied Ophthalmology. Information and education about transplants in Medical Schools should be improved.

PURPOSE: To analyze the safety and efficacy of standard corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in advanced cases of progressive keratoconus after 4 years of follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective case series of patients with advanced progressive keratoconus (stages 3 and 4 of Amsler-Krumeich classification) underwent standard CXL treatment. The parameters examined were changes in uncorrected visual acuity (UDVA), corrected visual acuity (CDVA), keratometry values (mean, flat, steep, and apical), pachymetry, and endothelial cell count at the baseline and at 12, 24, and 48 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 40 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean patient age was 22.5 years (range: 15 to 37 years). Both mean UDVA and CDVA remained stable during the time points; no statistically significant change was noted. Although a slight reduction was observed in all keratometric readings, a statistically significant reduction was only reached in the apical keratometry ( P = .037) at 4 years after CXL. A significant reduction in the corneal thickness was also found (ultrasonic: 388 ± 49 to 379 ± 48 μ m; slit-scanning: 362 ± 48 to 353 ± 51 μ m); however, this change was likely not clinically meaningful. Endothelial cell count was not significantly different at the end of the study. Treatment failure or progression was noted in two patients (5%) over the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Standard CXL treatment was safe and able to stabilize both visual acuity and topographic parameters at 4 years of follow-up in eyes with advanced keratoconus. [ J Refract Surg. 2016;32(7):459–464.]

OBJETIVO: Avaliar conhecimentos básicos sobre urgências oftalmológicas entre plantonistas (não-oftalmologistas) que realizam atendimento primário a pacientes. MÉTODOS: Aplicou-se questionário padronizado, contendo dados pessoais e questões sobre urgências, entre plantonistas em serviços de emergência de Sorocaba (São Paulo) e região. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 100 plantonistas, com tempo médio de formação de 10,5 anos (1-44 anos), e desses 74% eram do sexo masculino. Foi considerável a diversidade de especialidades encontradas, predominando a de Clínica Geral (23%). A maioria dos entrevistados, 93%, não se sente seguro ao atender uma urgência. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento sobre urgências oftalmológicas mostrou-se insuficiente entre os plantonistas entrevistados. Este estudo confirma a importância da difusão de conhecimentos oftalmológicos a todas as especialidades médicas.ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the level of ophthalmic information and the proper procedures in ophthalmic emergencies among non- ophthalmologists in charge of the emergency departments of General Hospitals. METHODS: A questionnaire containing personal data and other information was sent to the medical personnel in charge of emergencies of several general hospitals in Sorocaba (São Paulo) and region. Questions about the diagnosis and management of ocular emergencies were also sent. RESULTS: 100 non-ophthalmologists with 10.5-year average time of practice (1-44 years), of which 74% were male answered the questions. Several specialties were represented, the largest group (23%) being of general practitioners. The great majority (93%) felt insecure when in the presence of an ophthalmic emergency. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of information about the correct diagnosis and management of ocular emergencies among non-ophthalmologists in charge of general hospital emergency services. This study confirms the need of popularization of information among all medical specialties.

OBJETIVO: Estimar o valor dos Projetos Catarata para a comunidade, identificando caracteristicas e dificuldades de acesso ao diagnostico e ao tratamento da catarata na rotina de atendimento de diversos Sistemas de Saude. METODOS: Durante uma campanha de catarata realizada em um hospital universitario foi aplicado um questionario de multipla escolha somente aos pacientes selecionados para a cirurgia de catarata. Foram avaliadas, dentre outras, as seguintes variaveis: acesso previo a consulta oftalmologica (servico publico ou privado); motivo(s) para a nao realizacao da cirurgia no servico inicial. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 627 pacientes com diagnostico de catarata. A maioria 595 (95%) ja havia consultado um oftalmologista previamente, sendo que em 63% das situacoes (375 pacientes) a consulta havia sido realizada ha menos de um ano. A ultima avaliacao oftalmologica foi realizada pelo Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS) em 52% dos casos (307 pacientes), e entre estes, a fila de espera foi apontada pela maioria como sendo a causa da nao realizacao da cirurgia. Com relacao aos pacientes previamente atendidos em servicos privados, o motivo da nao realizacao da cirurgia foi o custo da cirurgia e custo da lente intraocular. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a rotina de atendimento oftalmologico no SUS em Sao Paulo nao esta preparada para atender a demanda por cirurgias de catarata, e o sistema de saude privado ainda exclui uma parcela da populacao que possui acesso a consulta clinica da cirurgia de catarata. E importante a continuidade da realizacao de campanhas comunitarias para atender a populacao que nao teria como acessar a cirurgia pelas vias convencionais.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for postoperative LASIK ectasia after 2 years. METHODS: A prospective, single-center case series was performed with patients treated for postoperative LASIK ectasia. All eyes underwent accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (CCL-Vario Crosslinking; Peschke Meditrade GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland) at 9 mW/cm 2 for 10 minutes. The main outcome measures were changes in uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, central corneal thickness, corneal topography, and endothelial cell density. These parameters were assessed at baseline and at the 6-month and 1- and 2-year follow-up visit. RESULTS: The study enrolled 40 eyes of 24 patients (15 male and 9 female) with a mean age of 33.8 ± 7.5 years (range: 24 to 52 years) that attained at least 2 years of follow-up. The surgical procedure was uneventful in all cases. All eyes stabilized after treatment without any further signs of progression and no statistically significant changes in the mean uncorrected distance visual acuity ( P = .649), corrected distance visual acuity ( P = .616), mean keratometry ( P =.837), steep keratometry ( P = .956), ultrasonic pachymetry ( P = .135), slit-scanning pachymetry ( P = .276), and endothelial cell density ( P = .523). In addition, 72.5% of the patients presented stable or gains of Snellen lines over time. CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking seems to be safe and effective in halting postoperative LASIK ectasia progression after 2 years of follow-up. However, a longer follow-up period with a larger cohort is needed to validate these findings. [ J Refract Surg. 2015;31(6):380–384.]

Purpose: To evaluate whether implantation of an aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) results in reduced ocular aberrations and improved contrast sensitivity after cataract surgery and, therefore, changes on frequency-doubling technology (FDT) testing. Methods: The present prospective clinical study enrolled 25 patients with bilateral cataract (50 eyes), who randomly received either an aspheric (Akreos AO) or a spherical (Akreos Fit) IOL in one eye and the other IOL in the second eye. Assessment 12 months postoperatively included photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity testing. Higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were computed. FDT testing was divided into four areas to evaluate the variation of the values at different points. The median values of the local pattern thresholds (median area contrast sensitivity [MACS]) obtained with that division were calculated. Results: The Akreos AO group obtained statistically significantly lower values of HOAs and spherical aberration compared with the Akreos Fit group. There was a statistically significant between-group difference in contrast sensitivity under mesopic conditions at all spatial frequencies. No statistically significant differences were observed in mean deviation and pattern standard deviation. The aspheric IOL exhibited higher MACS in all areas, although a statistically significant difference was reached only in the 20-degree field area (P=0.043). Conclusion: Aspheric IOLs significantly reduced spherical aberration and HOAs, improving mesopic contrast sensitivity. Although there was a trend toward slightly improved FDT in the aspheric IOL group, it was not statistically significant.

Objetivo: Analisar a evolução do número de cirurgias realizadas no centro cirúrgico ambulatorial de um hospital universitário e avaliar sua viabilidade financeira durante e após a interrupção da Campanha Nacional de Catarata em 2006. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo analítico retrospectivo entre 2005 e 2009 no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP) em que foram avaliados a viabilidade econômica do centro cirúrgico ambulatorial, o número de cirurgias de catarata realizados e o número de cirurgiões presentes diariamente naquela unidade. Resultados: Seria necessária a realização de pelo menos 400 procedimentos mensais para garantir a viabilidade financeira do centro cirúrgico ambulatorial. Este número ficou abaixo do esperado nos anos de 2008 e 2009 (média de 370,6 e 390,1 cirurgias respectivamente). O número de estagiários de catarata diminuiu de 13 em 2005 para 3 em 2009. Conclusão: O principal fator para a redução no número de cirurgias de catarata realizadas no centro cirúrgico ambulatorial após 2006 foi a dificuldade de acesso da população necessitada ao hospital, decorrente de restrições à realização de projetos de triagem. A maior utilização das salas cirúrgicas por outras clínicas e a diminuição na admissão de novos cirurgiões, adequaram e viabilizaram o centro cirúrgico ambulatorial para a nova realidade políticoeconômica. Purpose: To analyze the number of surgeries performed in outpatient surgical center at a university hospital and to assess its financial viability during and after the interruption of the Cataract National Campaign in 2006. Methods: Retrospective analytical study between 2005 and 2009 at the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP) which evaluated the economic viability of the outpatient surgical center, the number of cataract surgeries performed and the number of surgeons present daily in that unit. Results: It would be necessary to perform at least 400 procedures monthly to ensure the financial viability of the outpatient surgical center. This number was lower than the expected in the years of 2008 and 2009 (average of 370.6 and 390.1 surgeries respectively). The number of cataract fellows decreased from 13 in 2005 to 3 in 2009. Conclusion: The main factor for the reduction in the number of cataract surgeries performed in the outpatient surgical center after 2006 was the difficulty of access of the population to the hospital due to restrictions on the development of screening projects. The increased use of the operating rooms by other clinics and the decrease in the admission of new surgeons, made the outpatient surgical center appropriate and viable for the new political-economic reality.

Introdução: O trauma ocular é a causa mais comum de cegueira unilateral em crianças e jovens. Este tipo de trauma é considerado como a terceira causa de hospitalização em Oftalmologia e como a segunda de comprometimento visual, depois da catarata. Objetivo: Avaliar a freqüência e os tipos de tramas oculares atendidos no Pronto Socorro do Centro Hospitalar de Sorocaba (CHS). Materiais e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo de 70 pacientes com história de trauma ocular avaliados entre Fevereiro de 2003 e Fevereiro de 2004. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a um questionário padronizado e exame oftalmológico. Resultados: Os homens foram os mais acometidos por trauma ocular, com idade predominante entre 20 e 29 anos. Houve maior número de acometimento unilateral. O tipo de trauma mais freqüente foi do tipo corpo estranho. Em todos os casos de trauma ocular por acidente automobilístico os pacientes não utilizaram o cinto de segurança. A maioria dos acometidos referiu não estar sob o efeito do álcool no momento do trauma. A causa principal do trauma ocular foi por acidentes automobilísticos e a maioria dos pacientes estava a trabalho. O tratamento cirúrgico foi necessário em 20% dos casos. O atendimento de 73% deles correu nas primeiras 24 horas. Dentre as complicações de caráter mais grave, a laceração de pálpebra, a abrasão e a perfuração corneanas estiveram entre as mais freqüentes. Conclusão: O trauma ocular é um comprometimento freqüente no atendimento emergencial, causa complicações e, na maioria dos casos, pode ser evitado através de prevenção adequada.

PURPOSE: To analyze emotional reactions related to cataract surgery in two groups of patients (monocular vision - Group 1; binocular vision - Group 2). METHODS: A transversal comparative study was performed using a structured questionnaire from a previous exploratory study before cataract surgery. RESULTS: 206 patients were enrolled in the study, 96 individuals in Group 1 (69.3 ± 10.4 years) and 110 in Group 2 (68.2 ± 10.2 years). Most patients in group 1 (40.6%) and 22.7% of group 2, reported fear of surgery (p

OBJETIVO: Analisar a incidência e causas de cancelamento de cirurgias de catarata em um hospital público de referência. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo em que foram analisados o número de cancelamentos de facectomias durante o ano de 2009. Foram analisados sexo, idade, tipo de procedimento suspenso (facoemulsificação ou extração extracapsular do cristalino), tipo de anestesia, convênio (Sistema Único de Saúde ou convênio/particular) e motivo de suspensão da cirurgia (causas clínicas, institucionais ou pessoais). RESULTADOS: Foram agendadas no período 2.965 cirurgias de catarata, havendo 650 cancelamentos (21,92%). Dentre as principais razões para a suspensão do procedimento destacaram-se as causas clínicas (86,90%). Os meses de inverno apresentaram os maiores índices de suspensão de cirurgias de catarata. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de cancelamento de cirurgia de catarata em serviços públicos parece ser a mesma que há 10 anos. A principal causa de suspensão deve-se por condições clínicas (hipertensão, diabetes, falta de exames, etc.).

To report the incidence and causes of cataract surgery cancellations in a public hospital.This is a retrospective study, which examined the number of cancellations of cataract surgery during 2009. We analyzed the type of procedure suspended (phacoemulsification or extracapsular extraction), type of anesthesia, gender, age, covenant (public/private) and the main reasons for suspension of the surgeries (clinical causes, institutional or personal).We analyzed 2,965 scheduled cataract surgeries, with 650 cancellations (21.92%). The main reason for the suspension of the procedure was clinical causes (86.90%). The winter months had the highest suspension rates of cataract surgery.The cancellation rate of cataract surgery in Brazilian public system seems to be the same as 10 years ago. The main cause of the suspension should be in clinical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, lack of exams, etc.).

PURPOSE: To investigate the possible effect of aspherical or yellow tinted intraocular lens (IOL) on contrast sensitivity and blue-on-yellow perimetry. METHODS: This prospective randomized bilateral double-masked clinical study included 52 patients with visually significant bilateral cataracts divided in two groups; 25 patients (50 eyes) received aspherical intraocular lens in one eye and spherical intraocular lens in the fellow eye; and 27 patients (54 eyes) received ultraviolet and blue light filter (yellow tinted) IOL implantation in one eye and acrylic ultraviolet filter IOL in the fellow eye. The primary outcome measures were contrast sensitivity and blue-on-yellow perimetry values (mean deviation [MD] and pattern standard deviation [PSD]) investigated two years after surgery. The results were compared intra-individually. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant between-group (aspherical and spherical intraocular lens) difference in contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions at 12 cycles per degree and under mesopic conditions at all spatial frequencies. There were no between-group significant differences (yellow tinted and clear intraocular lens) under photopic or mesopic conditions. There was no statistically significant difference between all intraocular lens in MD or PSD. CONCLUSION: Contrast sensitivity was better under mesopic conditions with aspherical intraocular lens. Blue-on-yellow perimetry did not appear to be affected by aspherical or yellow tinted intraocular lens. Further studies with a larger sample should be carried out to confirm or not that hypotheses.

To determine preferences and practices of refractive surgeons in Brazil.A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data collected from a questionnaire applied during the VI Brazilian Congress of Cataract and Refractive Surgery and by e-mail sent to all members of that society. Refractive surgery techniques, use of emerging technologies, surgical volume, type of excimer laser and microkeratomes, mitomycin C, postoperative medications were analyzed among others questions.Two hundred ninety-two surgeons replied to the questions. The majority has a surgical volume between 2 and 4 eyes per week (57.60%). Most of the surgeons (64.50%) perform corneal tomography routinely and 22.00% of them do never customize their surgeries. The laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the main technique performed and when the photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is applied; most of the surgeons uses mitomycin C (52.60%) in these patients. The excimer laser of choice was the Nidek (26.12%).LASIK is the preferred surgical procedure and the majority customizes their refractive surgeries. When photorefractive keratectomy is performed, mitomycin C is used by most of the surgeons (52.60%). Bilateral surgery is routinely performed and the femtosecond laser is still used by few refractive surgeons.

To identify the difficulties in access to diagnosis and treatment of cataract in patients attended during a cataract campaign.A questionnaire was administered to patients selected for cataract surgery. We evaluated, among others, the following variables: prior access to ophthalmologists (public or private), reason(s) for not having surgery early in the initial service, the average cost charged by cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) (private services and agreements).A total of 627 patients was evaluated. Most of them - 595 (95%) had previously attended an ophthalmologist, and in 63% of cases (375 patients) the consultation had been held for less than a year. The last evaluation was performed by the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) in 52% of the cases (307 patients). Regarding the reason for not having surgery in the initial service, the high cost of the surgery (R$ 2.000 - R$ 4.000) and the cost of IOLs (R$ 1.000 - R$ 1.500) was the main obstacle for most attended services and private covenants.The results of this study suggest that the routine of ophthalmologic care in SUS at São Paulo is not prepared to answer the demand for cataract surgeries and private healthcare system still excludes a portion of the population. It is important to continue the implementation of community campaigns to serve the population that would be unable to access the surgery through conventional ways.

Objetivo: Analisar o benefício gerado nas atividades profissionais após a cirurgia de catarata. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. Os pacientes foram submetidos à facoemulsificação (FACO) e à extração extracapsular (EECP). Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 205 pacientes, destes, 101 realizaram cirurgia pela técnica de facoemulsificação. A média de idade no grupo da facoemulsificação foi de 68,3 anos ± 9 anos e de 69,1 anos ± 8,5 anos no grupo da extração extracapsular (p=0,70). A porcentagem de pacientes empregados no grupo facoemulsificação foi de 16,83%, e no outro grupo de 13,46%. A maioria dos pacientes que não remunerados formalmente sentiu-se motivada a procurar trabalho. A maioria dos analisados relatou aumento da produtividade no trabalho após a cirurgia, 82,50% no grupo facoemulsificação e 78,60% no grupo extração extracapsular (p=0,20). Conclusão: A cirurgia de catarata por ambas as técnicas proporcionou melhora da produtividade no trabalho, e estimulou indivíduos economicamente inativos a procurar trabalho remunerado. Purpose: To analyze the benefits after cataract surgery in professional activities. Methods: A prospective, randomized study was conducted at the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo. The patients had cataract surgery by phacoemulsification (PHACO) and by extracapsular extraction (EECP). Results: The sample consisted of 205 patients, 101 of these, submitted to phacoemulsification. The mean age in phacoemulsification group was 68.3 years ± 9 years and 69.1 years ± 8.5 years in extracapsular extraction group (p=0.70). The percentage of patients employed in phacoemulsification group was 16.83%, and in the extracapsular extraction group of 13.46%. Most patients who were not employed felt motivated to seek work. Most of the patients increased their productivity at work after surgery, 82.50% in the phacoemulsification group, and 78.60% in the other group (p=0.20). Conclusion: Cataract surgery of both techniques has improved the productivity at work and encouraged economically inactive individuals to seek employment.

OBJETIVO: Comparar os custos sociais pós-operatórios da cirurgia de catarata segundo as técnicas de facoemulsificação (Faco) e extração extracapsular (EECP). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, intervencionista e randomizado com 205 pacientes: 101 submetidos à Faco e 104 à EECP, no sistema público em São Paulo, SP, em 2002. Para avaliação do impacto socioeconômico dessas cirurgias, foi considerado o custo no período pós-operatório para os pacientes, empregadores e Sistema Previdenciário. As comparações entre os grupos foram feitas pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou por Mann-Whitman, quando apropriado. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Considerando os gastos com os retornos hospitalares e aquisição de lentes corretivas (óculos), o paciente submetido à Faco obteve uma economia média de US$ 16,74, comparado ao paciente submetido à EECP. Quanto aos custos com licença médica, na primeira quinzena de afastamento do paciente, e os gastos com a ausência no trabalho do acompanhante, nos retornos pós-operatórios, o sistema empresarial obteve uma economia média de US$ 0,18 no grupo dos pacientes submetidos à Faco em relação ao grupo submetido à EECP. O gasto do Sistema Previdenciário por paciente foi estimado em US$ 6,57 no grupo Faco e US$ 51,15 no grupo EECP. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica de Faco representou economia média de US$ 61,5 para empregadores, pacientes, acompanhantes e Sistema Previdenciário, quando comparada à técnica de EECP. OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative social costs of two cataract surgical techniques, phacoemulsification (PHACO) and extracapsular extraction (ECCE). METHODS: Prospective randomized intervention study including 205 patients, of which 101 underwent PHACO and 104 ECCE in the public service, in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2002. The socioeconomic impact of these surgical procedures was assessed based on postoperative costs for patients, employers and social security. Comparisons between the two groups studied were performed using the chi-square test or Mann-Whitney test, when appropriate. A 5% significance level was set. RESULTS: Hospital and eyeglasses costs for PHACO were lower than for ECCE patients, with a mean difference of US$ 16.74. Costs to employers related to medical leave for the first 15 days of absence and costs of caregivers in the form of absence from work to attend postoperative follow-up visits were on average US$ 0.18 lower in PHACO compared to ECCE group. The estimated Social Security expenditure per patient undergoing surgery was US$ 6.57 and US$ 51.15 in PHACO and ECCE groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The average saving with PHACO compared to ECCE technique was US$ 61.50 for employers, patients, caregivers and Social Security. OBJETIVO: Comparar los costos sociales postoperatorios de la cirugía de catarata según las técnicas de facoemulsificación (Faco) y extracción extracapsular (EECP). MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, intervencionista y aleatorio con 205 pacientes: 101 sometidos a Faco y 104 a EECP, en el sistema público en Sao Paulo, Sudeste de Brasil, en 2002. Para evaluación del impacto socioeconómico de dichas cirugías, fue considerado el costo en el período postoperatorio para los pacientes, empleadores y Sistema Pensionista. Las comparaciones entre los grupos fueron hechas por la prueba de Chi-cuadrado o por Mann-Whitman, según lo apropiado. El nivel de significancia establecido fue de 5%. RESULTADOS: Considerando los gastos con los retornos hospitalarios y adquisición de lentes correctivos, el paciente sometido a Faco obtuvo una economía promedio de US$ 16,74, comparado con el paciente sometido a EECP. Con relación a los costos con licencia médica, en la primera quincena de permiso del paciente, y los gastos con la ausencia en el trabajo del acompañante, en los retornos postoperatorios, el sistema empresarial obtuvo una economía promedio de US$ 0,18 en el grupo de pacientes sometidos a Faco con relación al grupo sometido a EECP. El gasto del Sistema de Pensiones del paciente fue estimado en US$ 6,57 en el grupo Faco y US$ 51,15 en el grupo EECP. CONCLUSIONES: La técnica de Faco representó economía promedio de US$ 61,5 para empleadores, pacientes, acompañantes y Sistema de Pensiones, al compararse con la técnica de EECP.

To analyze the number of surgeries performed in outpatient surgical center at a university hospital and to assess its financial viability during and after the interruption of the Cataract National Campaign in 2006.Retrospective analytical study between 2005 and 2009 at the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP) which evaluated the economic viability of the outpatient surgical center, the number of cataract surgeries performed and the number of surgeons present daily in that unit.It would be necessary to perform at least 400 procedures monthly to ensure the financial viability of the outpatient surgical center. This number was lower than the expected in the years of 2008 and 2009 (average of 370.6 and 390.1 surgeries respectively). The number of cataract fellows decreased from 13 in 2005 to 3 in 2009.The main factor for the reduction in the number of cataract surgeries performed in the outpatient surgical center after 2006 was the difficulty of access of the population to the hospital due to restrictions on the development of screening projects. The increased use of the operating rooms by other clinics and the decrease in the admission of new surgeons, made the outpatient surgical center appropriate and viable for the new political-economic reality.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the governmental costs of patients undergoing phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction at a public hospital in a developing country. METHODS: A prospective study was conduced with 205 patients. The subjects were randomized for cataract surgery using either phacoemulsification or extracapsular cataract extraction techniques. RESULTS: Of the 205 patients, 101 patients were submitted to phacoemulsificationand 104 patients were submitted to extracapsular cataract extraction. Brazilian Health Care System expenditures for the surgery and the postoperative period were US$ 95.49 more in the phacoemulsification group than in the extracapsular cataract extractiongroup. If we take into account Social Security expenditures, then we estimate that the average difference for the total direct cost for the government for the surgery and the postoperative period for both procedures was US$ 50.91 or approximately half of the initial difference in cost for the phacoemulsification surgery. The total cost of cataract surgery for the government (excluding social security) was estimated at US$ 258.79 for extracapsular cataract extraction and US$ 309.70 for phacoemulsification per patient. Focusing only on working patients, the total cost was US$ 342.21 for phacoemulsification and US$ 587.71 for extracapsular cataract extraction, a difference of US$ 245.50. This difference can be considered monetarily and socially justifiable when the benefits of the surgical technique are evaluated. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of this study, we observed that phacoemulsification was an efficient procedure with regard to the impact on public health care system, when all costs are assessed comprehensively, mainly for subjects with regular jobs.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:46:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0004-27492009000300018.pdf: 286791 bytes, checksum: f0402fdd70fde8ee315dc649ca8a4071 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:46:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0004-27492009000300018.pdf: 286791 bytes, checksum: f0402fdd70fde8ee315dc649ca8a4071 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:22:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0004-27492009000300018.pdf: 286791 bytes, checksum: f0402fdd70fde8ee315dc649ca8a4071 (MD5) S0004-27492009000300018.pdf.txt: 25379 bytes, checksum: dbbdc37394adb1f17d45330f4e546310 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:36:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0004-27492009000300018.pdf: 286791 bytes, checksum: f0402fdd70fde8ee315dc649ca8a4071 (MD5) S0004-27492009000300018.pdf.txt: 25379 bytes, checksum: dbbdc37394adb1f17d45330f4e546310 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:36:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0004-27492009000300018.pdf: 286791 bytes, checksum: f0402fdd70fde8ee315dc649ca8a4071 (MD5) S0004-27492009000300018.pdf.txt: 25379 bytes, checksum: dbbdc37394adb1f17d45330f4e546310 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 OBJETIVO: A catarata é a principal causa tratável de cegueira e deficiência visual em países subdesenvolvidos. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar se a catarata continua sendo uma importante causa de cegueira no centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Um estudo transversal, de caráter observacional, realizado em cinco cidades da região centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, para as quais o centro de referência é a cidade de Botucatu. A amostra estabelecida para este estudo, de forma aleatória, seria composta por 5.555 indivíduos, sendo que foram examinados 4.229 indivíduos (8.458 olhos), ou seja, 78% da amostra pretendida. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico completo que consistia em avaliação da acuidade visual (com e sem correção), tonometria, biomicroscopia, fundoscopia e exame refracional. O diagnóstico de catarata foi dado aos indivíduos que apresentassem opacidade de cristalino na biomicroscopia, de acordo com o Sistema de Classificação de Opacidade do Cristalino II (LOCS II). Olhos apresentando deficiência visual ou cegueira, com a melhor correção e causados por catarata, foram considerados após excluir outras patologias que pudessem causar baixa da acuidade visual (AV). Olhos com deficiência visual foram considerados quando 0,05 < AV < 0,3 e olhos cegos quando AV < 0,05. Indivíduos com deficiência visual foram considerados quando 0,05 < AV < 0,3 e indivíduos cegos quando AV < 0,3, no melhor olho com a melhor correção. Foi considerado o número de olhos com catarata, o número de olhos com deficiência visual e cegueira e o número de indivíduos com deficiência visual e cegueira. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de catarata na população estudada foi de 4,94% (209 indivíduos), afetando principalmente indivíduos com mais de 50 anos (92,34%) e do sexo feminino (61,11%). A catarata foi a causa de deficiência visual para 0,96% e a causa de cegueira para 0,52% de toda a população estudada. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados mostraram que a prevalência de catarata na população estudada é semelhante aos índices de países desenvolvidos. PURPOSE: Cataract is considered the main preventable cause of blindness and visual impairment mainly in poor countries. This study was done to evaluate if cataract is still an important cause of blindness in Central-West region of State of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a systematically randomized sample of households in five cities located in Central-West region of São Paulo State, Brazil. The sample consisted of 4,229 individuals (8,458 eyes) of all ages. All household members were considered eligible. They were submitted to a complete ophthalmological examination (visual acuity with and without visual correction, biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, tonometry, and refractometry). Cataract diagnosis was given to eyes presenting lens opacity in biomicroscopy exam, according to Lens Opacities Classification System II (LOCS II). Eye with a best correction, presenting visual deficiency or blindness caused by cataract was considered after excluded other pathologies that decrease visual acuity (VA). We considered as visual deficiency eyes with 0.05 < VA < 0.3 and as blind eyes with VA < 0.05. Visual impairment was considered for individuals with 0.05 < VA < 0.3 in the best eye, with the best correction and blindness for individuals with VA < 0.05 in the best eye, with the best correction. We considered the number of eyes with cataract, the number of eyes with visual deficiency and blindness and the number of individuals with visual deficiency and blindness. Occurrence frequency was evaluated for eyes separately and together. RESULTS: Cataract frequency in this population was 4.94% (209 individuals), affecting mainly people over 50'ths (92.34%) and females (61.11%). Cataract was the cause of visual impairment for 0.96% and blindness for 0.52% of the total population. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that cataract prevalence in studied region population of the is similar to developed countries. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço UNESP Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual Francisco Morato de Oliveira Serviço de Oftalmologia UNESP Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Bioestatística Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço UNESP Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço UNESP Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Bioestatística

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:30Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:40:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-37349020069.pdf: 220699 bytes, checksum: 56cde780e5c745f05dddd4c0b6ca17a1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-01 Purpose: To compare knowledge of medical students about the cornea donation process among those who already studied Ophthalmology and the others. Methods: A questionnaire containing data as: age, sex, graduation year, and 10 multiple-choice questions about the subject was applied to medical students from the interior of São Paulo state, Brazil. The questions were: age for donation, contraindication for transplants, the time limit to remove the cornea, among others. The knowledge regarding cornea donation was compared between the two groups: students who already studied Ophthalmology (Group A) and the others (Group B). Results: The study group was composed of 402 students, of whom 140 were of group A and 262 of group B. Knowledge between the two groups was different, but not statistically significant (p=0.8328). Conclusion: Knowledge about the cornea donation process among the interviewed seemed to be insufficient, even those who had studied Ophthalmology. Information and education about transplants in Medical Schools should be improved. Departamento de Oftalmologia Otorrinolaringologia e Cabeça e Pescoço Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Botucatu, SP Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Sorocaba Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo -PUCSP, Sorocaba, SP Departamento de Medicina Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Sorocaba PUCSP, Sorocaba, SP Departamento de Oftalmologia Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Sorocaba PUCSP, Sorocaba, SP , Alameda dos Jerivás, 166, Itu, SP 13301-635 Departamento de Oftalmologia Otorrinolaringologia e Cabeça e Pescoço Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Botucatu, SP

To evaluate the level of ophthalmic information and the proper procedures in ophthalmic emergencies among non- ophthalmologists in charge of the emergency departments of General Hospitals.A questionnaire containing personal data and other information was sent to the medical personnel in charge of emergencies of several general hospitals in Sorocaba (São Paulo) and region. Questions about the diagnosis and management of ocular emergencies were also sent.100 non-ophthalmologists with 10.5-year average time of practice (1-44 years), of which 74% were male answered the questions. Several specialties were represented, the largest group (23%) being of general practitioners. The great majority (93%) felt insecure when in the presence of an ophthalmic emergency.There is a lack of information about the correct diagnosis and management of ocular emergencies among non-ophthalmologists in charge of general hospital emergency services. This study confirms the need of popularization of information among all medical specialties.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar conhecimentos básicos sobre urgências oftalmológicas entre plantonistas (não-oftalmologistas) que realizam atendimento primário a pacientes. MÉTODOS: Aplicou-se questionário padronizado, contendo dados pessoais e questões sobre urgências, entre plantonistas em serviços de emergência de Sorocaba (São Paulo) e região. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 100 plantonistas, com tempo médio de formação de 10,5 anos (1-44 anos), e desses 74% eram do sexo masculino. Foi considerável a diversidade de especialidades encontradas, predominando a de Clínica Geral (23%). A maioria dos entrevistados, 93%, não se sente seguro ao atender uma urgência. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento sobre urgências oftalmológicas mostrou-se insuficiente entre os plantonistas entrevistados. Este estudo confirma a importância da difusão de conhecimentos oftalmológicos a todas as especialidades médicas. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the level of ophthalmic information and the proper procedures in ophthalmic emergencies among non- ophthalmologists in charge of the emergency departments of General Hospitals. METHODS: A questionnaire containing personal data and other information was sent to the medical personnel in charge of emergencies of several general hospitals in Sorocaba (São Paulo) and region. Questions about the diagnosis and management of ocular emergencies were also sent. RESULTS: 100 non-ophthalmologists with 10.5-year average time of practice (1-44 years), of which 74% were male answered the questions. Several specialties were represented, the largest group (23%) being of general practitioners. The great majority (93%) felt insecure when in the presence of an ophthalmic emergency. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of information about the correct diagnosis and management of ocular emergencies among non-ophthalmologists in charge of general hospital emergency services. This study confirms the need of popularization of information among all medical specialties.

To compare knowledge of medical students about the cornea donation process among those who already studied Ophthalmology and the others. METHODOS: A questionnaire containing data as: age, sex, graduation year, and 10 multiple-choice questions about the subject was applied to medical students from the interior of São Paulo state, Brazil. The questions were: age for donation, contraindication for transplants, the time limit to remove the cornea, among others. The knowledge regarding cornea donation was compared between the two groups: students who already studied Ophthalmology (Group A) and the others (Group B).The study group was composed of 402 students, of whom 140 were of group A and 262 of group B. Knowledge between the two groups was different, but not statistically significant (p=0.8328).Knowledge about the cornea donation process among the interviewed seemed to be insufficient, even those who had studied Ophthalmology. Information and education about transplants in Medical Schools should be improved.

OBJETIVO: Determinar preferências e práticas dos cirurgiões refrativos do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal baseado na coleta de dados de um questionário aplicado durante o VI Congresso Brasileiro de Catarata e Cirurgia Refrativa em 2011. As questões também foram enviadas por e-mail aos membros dessa sociedade. Perguntas sobre preferências de técnicas, uso de novas tecnologias, volume cirúrgico, tipo de excimer laser, microcerátomo e topógrafos mais utilizados, uso de mitomicina C, colírios pós-operatórios, dentre outras, foram analisados. RESULTADOS: No total, 292 cirurgiões responderam a pesquisa. A maioria possui um volume mensal entre 2 a 4 olhos por semana (57,60%). Grande parte (64,50%) realiza tomografia de córnea de rotina e apenas 22,00% dos analisados não personalizam suas cirurgias. A técnica de ceratomileusis in situ a laser (LASIK) é a mais realizada e quando a ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK) é utilizada, a maioria dos cirurgiões aplica a mitomicina C (52,60%) nesses pacientes. A marca de excimer laser mais utilizada até o momento é a Nidek (26,12%). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de LASIK é mais realizada pelos cirurgiões, sendo que a maioria personaliza parte de suas cirurgias e quando a ceratectomia fotorrefrativa é realizada, a mitomicina C é empregada pela maior parte dos entrevistados. A cirurgia bilateral é rotineiramente realizada pela maioria dos cirurgiões e o laser de femtosegundo ainda é empregado apenas por uma minoria dos cirurgiões. PURPOSE: To determine preferences and practices of refractive surgeons in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data collected from a questionnaire applied during the VI Brazilian Congress of Cataract and Refractive Surgery and by e-mail sent to all members of that society. Refractive surgery techniques, use of emerging technologies, surgical volume, type of excimer laser and microkeratomes, mitomycin C, postoperative medications were analyzed among others questions. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-two surgeons replied to the questions. The majority has a surgical volume between 2 and 4 eyes per week (57.60%). Most of the surgeons (64.50%) perform corneal tomography routinely and 22.00% of them do never customize their surgeries. The laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the main technique performed and when the photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is applied; most of the surgeons uses mitomycin C (52.60%) in these patients. The excimer laser of choice was the Nidek (26.12%). CONCLUSION: LASIK is the preferred surgical procedure and the majority customizes their refractive surgeries. When photorefractive keratectomy is performed, mitomycin C is used by most of the surgeons (52.60%). Bilateral surgery is routinely performed and the femtosecond laser is still used by few refractive surgeons.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to compare the effects and outcomes of two ophthalmic viscosurgical devices, 1.6% hyaluronic acid/4.0% chondroitin sulfate and 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, during phacoemulsification. METHODS: This prospective, randomized clinical trial comprised 78 eyes (39 patients) that received phacoemulsification performed by the same surgeon using a standardized technique. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1.6% hyaluronic acid/4.0% chondroitin sulfate or 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose on the first eye. The other eye was treated later and received the other viscoelastic agent. Preoperative and postoperative examinations (5, 24 and 48 hours; 7 and 14 days; 3 and 6 months) included measurements of the total volume of the ophthalmic viscosurgical device, ultrasound and washout times to completely remove the ophthalmic viscosurgical device, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity. The corneal endothelial cell count was measured at baseline and at six months postoperatively. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01387620. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of cataract density or ultrasound time. However, it took longer to remove 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose than 1.6% hyaluronic acid/ 4.0% chondroitin sulfate, and the amount of viscoelastic material used was greater in the 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose group. In addition, the best-corrected visual acuity was significantly better in the hyaluronic acid/ chondroitin sulfate group, but this preferable outcome was only observed at 24 hours after the operation. There were no statistically significant differences between the two ophthalmic viscosurgical devices regarding the central corneal thickness or intraocular pressure measurements at any point in time. The corneal endothelial cell count was significantly higher in the hyaluronic acid/chondroitin sulfate group. CONCLUSION: The ophthalmic viscosurgical device consisting of 1.6% hyaluronic acid/4.0% chondroitin sulfate was more efficient during phacoemulsification and was easier to remove after IOL implantation than 2.0% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. In addition, the corneal endothelial cell count was significantly higher following the use of hyaluronic acid/chondroitin sulfate than with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, which promoted an improved level of corneal endothelium protection.