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2. Safety

Author

Adorisio, C., Alonso, I. Bejar, Gascon, J. C., Otto, T., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Chapter 17 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC., Comment: 8 pages, chapter 17 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report

Published
2017
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3. Update On The Code Intercomparison and Benchmark For Muon Fluence and Absorbed Dose Induced By An 18-GeV Electron Beam After Massive Iron Shielding

Author

Fassò, A., Ferrari, A., Mokhov, N. V., Mueller, S. E., Nelson, W. R., Roesler, S., Sanami, T., Striganov, S. I., and Versaci, R.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

In 1974, Nelson, Kase and Svensson published an experimental investigation on muon shielding around SLAC high-energy electron accelerators. They measured muon fluence and absorbed dose induced by 14 and 18 GeV electron beams hitting a copper/water beamdump and attenuated in a thick steel shielding. In their paper, they compared the results with the theoretical models available at that time. In order to compare their experimental results with present model calculations, we use the modern transport Monte Carlo codes MARS15, FLUKA2011 and GEANT4 to model the experimental setup and run simulations. The results are then compared between the codes, and with the SLAC data., Comment: 14 pp. Presented paper at the 13th Meeting of the task-force on Shielding aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF-13), HZDR, October 10-12, 2016, Dresden, Germany. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1502.01681

Published
2017

4. Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept

Author

Caldwell, A., Adli, E., Amorim, L., Apsimon, R., Argyropoulos, T., Assmann, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Bingham, R., Biskup, B., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Burrows, P. N., Burt, G., Buttenschon, B., Butterworth, A., Cascella, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chevallay, E., Cipiccia, S., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Dirksen, P., Doebert, S., Dorda, U., Elsen, E., Farmer, J., Fartoukh, S., Fedosseev, V., Feldbaumer, E., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R., Friebel, F., Geschonke, G., Goddard, B., Gorn, A. A., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Hessler, C., Hillenbrand, S., Hofle, W., Holloway, J., Huang, C., Huther, M., Jaroszynski, D., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Joulaei, A., Kasim, M., Keeble, F., Kersevan, R., Kumar, N., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Lu, W., Machacek, J., Mandry, S., Martin, I., Martorelli, R., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Meddahi, M., Merminga, L., Mete, O., Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Moody, J., Muller, A. -S., Najmudin, Z., Noakes, T. C. Q., Norreys, P., Osterhoff, J., Oz, E., Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Petrenko, A., Plyushchev, G., Pozimski, J., Pukhov, A., Reimann, O., Rieger, K., Roesler, S., Ruhl, H., Rusnak, T., Salveter, F., Savard, N., Schmidt, J., von der Schmitt, H., Seryi, A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sheng, Z. M., Sherwood, P., Silva, L., Simon, F., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Spitsyn, R. I., Tajima, T., Tarkeshian, R., Timko, H., Trines, R., Tueckmantel, T., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Wei, Y., Welsch, C. P., Wing, M., Xia, G., Yakimenko, V., Zhang, H., and Zimmermann, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

This report describes the conceptual steps in reaching the design of the AWAKE experiment currently under construction at CERN. We start with an introduction to plasma wakefield acceleration and the motivation for using proton drivers. We then describe the self-modulation instability --- a key to an early realization of the concept. This is then followed by the historical development of the experimental design, where the critical issues that arose and their solutions are described. We conclude with the design of the experiment as it is being realized at CERN and some words on the future outlook. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status as presented in this conference is given in [1]., Comment: 15 pages, 24 figures, 1 table, 111 references, 121 author from 36 organizations

Published
2015
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6. Radiation protection issues after 20 years of LHC operation

Author

Forkel-Wirth, D., Magistris, M., Roesler, S., Theis, C., Ulrici, L., Vincke, H., and Vincke, Hz.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Since November 2009, the LHC commissioning progresses very well, both with proton and lead beams. It will continue in 2011 and nominal LHC operation is expected to be attained in 2013. In parallel, plans for various LHC upgrades are under discussion, suggesting a High-Luminosity (HL) upgrade first and a High-Energy (HE) upgrade in a later state. Whereas the upgrade in luminosity would require the modification of only some few key accelerator components like the inner triplets, the upgrade in beam energy from 7 TeV to 16.5 TeV would require the exchange of all dipoles and of numerous other accelerator components. The paper gives an overview of the radiation protection issues related to the dismantling of LHC components prior to the installation of the HE-LHC components, i.e. after about 20 years of LHC operation. Two main topics will be discussed: (i) the exposure of workers to ionizing radiation during the dismantling of dipoles, inner triplets or collimators and experiments and (ii) the production, conditioning, interim storage and final disposal of radioactive waste., Comment: 3 pages, contribution to the EuCARD-AccNet-EuroLumi Workshop: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider, Malta, 14 -- 16 Oct 2010; CERN Yellow Report CERN-2011-003, pp. 134-136

Published
2011

7. A study of high-energy proton induced damage in Cerium Fluoride in comparison with measurements in Lead Tungstate calorimeter crystals

Author

Dissertori, G., Lecomte, P., Luckey, D., Nessi-Tedaldi, F., Otto, Th., Pauss, F., Roesler, S., and Urscheler, Ch.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A Cerium Fluoride crystal produced during early R&D studies for calorimetry at the CERN Large Hadron Collider was exposed to a 24 GeV/c proton fluence Phi_p=(2.78 +- 0.20) x 10EE13 cm-2 and, after one year of measurements tracking its recovery, to a fluence Phi_p=(2.12 +- 0.15) x 10EE14 cm-2. Results on proton-induced damage to the crystal and its spontaneous recovery after both irradiations are presented here, along with some new, complementary data on proton-damage in Lead Tungstate. A comparison with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation results is performed and a qualitative understanding of high-energy damage mechanism is attempted., Comment: Submitted to Elsevier Science on May 6th, 2010; 11 pages, 8 figures

Published
2010
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8. Proceedings of the 38th International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics (ISMD08)

Author

Bartels, J., Borras, K., Gustafson, G., Jung, H., Kutak, K., Levonian, S., Mnich, J., Achilli, A., Albacete, J. L., Albrow, M. G., Alvarez-Gaumé, L., Ambroglini, F., Avsar, E., Baier, R., Bartalini, P., Bopp, F. W., Broniowski, W., Brower, R., Bunyatyan, A., Busza, W., Caines, H., Chojnacki, M., Ciocca, C., Cooper-Sarkar, A., Csörgő, T., De Roeck, A., Diehl, M., Djuric, M., Dremin, I. M., Ehrenfeld, W., Engel, R., Fanò, L., Field, R., Flensburg, Ch., Florkowski, W., Gómez, C., Garbini, L., Godbole, R., Golec-Biernat, K., Grau, A., Hatakeyama, K., Hautmann, F., Heinemeyer, S., Homma, K., Hurth, T., Iancu, E., Itakura, K., Jenkovszky, L. L., Kaidalov, A. B., Kar, D., Katzy, J., Khoze, V. A., Kisiel, A., Kneur, J. -L., Kodama, T., Koide, T., Kokoulina, E., Kolar, K., Koshelkin, A. V., Kovchegov, Y V., Kropivnitskaya, A., Kutov, A., Lancaster, M., Li, G., Liu, L., Lipatov, L. N., Machado, M. V. T., Marchesini, G., Marquet, C., McLerran, L., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Yu, M., Metzger, W. J., Meyer, A., Mingmei, XU, Moch, S., Nagy, Z., Nagy, M., Nemchik, J., Ostapchenko, S., Padula, S. S., Pancheri, G., Papageorgiou, K., Pierog, T., Piskounova, O. I., Ranft, J., Roesler, S., Rojo, J., Ryadovikov, V., Ryskin, M. G., Vera, A. Sabio, Savin, A., Shears, T., Shehzadi, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stirling, J., Strassler, M., Sumbera, M., Taliotis, M. Taševský A., Tan, C-I, Tavanfar, A., Thompson, P., Tokarev, M., Travnicek, P., Treleani, D., Tsiledakis, G., Tsukerman, I., Vázquez-Mozo, M. A., van Mechelen, P., Wegener, D., Weiglein, G., White, Ch., Wing, D. Wicke M., Wolschin, G., Yoshida, R., and Zborovsk, I.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Proceedings of ISMD08, Comment: Edited by: J. Bartels, K. Borras, G. Gustafson, H. Jung, K. Kutak, S. Levonian, and J. Mnich

Published
2009

9. Secondary Cosmic Ray particles due to GCR interactions in the Earth's atmosphere

Author

Battistoni, G., Cerutti, F., Fassò, A., Ferrari, A., Garzelli, M. V., Lantz, M., Muraro, S., Pinsky, L. S., Ranft, J., Roesler, S., and Sala, P. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Primary GCR interact with the Earth's atmosphere originating atmospheric showers, thus giving rise to fluxes of secondary particles in the atmosphere. Electromagnetic and hadronic interactions interplay in the production of these particles, whose detection is performed by means of complementary techniques in different energy ranges and at different depths in the atmosphere, down to the Earth's surface. Monte Carlo codes are essential calculation tools which can describe the complexity of the physics of these phenomena, thus allowing the analysis of experimental data. However, these codes are affected by important uncertainties, concerning, in particular, hadronic physics at high energy. In this paper we shall report some results concerning inclusive particle fluxes and atmospheric shower properties as obtained using the FLUKA transport and interaction code. Some emphasis will also be given to the validation of the physics models of FLUKA involved in these calculations., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of an invited talk presented by M.V. Garzelli at CSSP07, Carpathian Summer School of Physics - Exotic Nuclei & Nuclear/Particle Astrophysics, Sinaia, Romania, August 20 - 31 2007

Published
2007
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10. Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions

Author

Abreu, S., Akkelin, S. V., Alam, J., Albacete, J. L., Andronic, A., Antonov, D., Arleo, F., Armesto, N., Arsene, I. C., Barnafoldi, G. G., Barrette, J., Bauchle, B., Becattini, F., Betz, B., Bleicher, M., Bluhm, M., Boer, D., Bopp, F. W., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bravina, L., Busza, W., Cacciari, M., Capella, A., Casalderrey-Solana, J., Chatterjee, R., Chen, L. -W., Cleymans, J., Cole, B. A., Del Valle, Z. Conesa, Csernai, L. P., Cunqueiro, L., Dainese, A., Ding, J. Dias de Deus H. -T., Djordjevic, M., Drescher, H., Dumitru, I. M. Dremin A., El, A., Engel, R., d'Enterria, D., Eskola, K. J., Fai, G., Ferreiro, E. G., Fries, R. J., Frodermann, E., Fujii, H., Gale, C., Gelis, F., Goncalves, V. P., Greco, V., Greiner, C., Gyulassy, M., van Hees, H., Heinz, U., Honkanen, H., Horowitz, W. A., Iancu, E., Ingelman, G., Jalilian-Marian, J., Jeon, S., Kaidalov, A. B., Kampfer, B., Kang, Z. -B., Karpenko, Iu. A., Kestin, G., Kharzeev, D., Ko, C. M., Koch, B., Kopeliovich, B., Kozlov, M., Kraus, I., Kuznetsova, I., Lee, S. H., Lednicky, R., Letessier, J., Levin, E., Li, B. -A., Lin, Z. -W., Liu, H., Liu, W., Loizides, C., Lokhtin, I. P., Machado, M. V. T., Malinina, L. V., Managadze, A. M., Mangano, M. L., Mannarelli, M., Manuel, C., Martinez, G., Milhano, J. G., Mocsy, A., Molnar, D., Nardi, M., Nayak, J. K., Niemi, H., Oeschler, H., Ollitrault, J. -Y., Paic, G., Pajares, C., Pantuev, V. S., Papp, G., Peressounko, D., Petreczky, P., Petrushanko, S. V., Piccinini, F., Pierog, T., Pirner, H. J., Porteboeuf, S., Potashnikova, I., Qin, G. Y., Qiu, J. -W., Rafelski, J., Rajagopal, K., Ranft, J., Rapp, R., Rasanen, S. S., Rathsman, J., Rau, P., Redlich, K., Renk, T., Rezaeian, A. H., Rischke, D., Roesler, S., Ruppert, J., Ruuskanen, P. V., Salgado, C. A., Sapeta, S., Sarcevic, I., Sarkar, S., Sarycheva, L. I., Schmidt, I., Shoshi, A. I., Sinha, B., Sinyukov, Yu. M., Snigirev, A. M., Srivastava, D. K., Stachel, J., Stasto, A., Stocker, H., Teplov, C. Yu., Thews, R. L., Torrieri, G., Pop, V. Topor, Triantafyllopoulos, D. N., Tuchin, K. L., Turbide, S., Tywoniuk, K., Utermann, A., Venugopalan, R., Vitev, I., Vogt, R., Wang, E., Wang, X. N., Werner, K., Wessels, E., Wheaton, S., Wicks, S., Wiedemann, U. A., Wolschin, G., Xiao, B. -W., Xu, Z., Yasui, S., Zabrodin, E., Zapp, K., Zhang, B., Zhang, B. -W., Zhang, H., and Zhou, D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This writeup is a compilation of the predictions for the forthcoming Heavy Ion Program at the Large Hadron Collider, as presented at the CERN Theory Institute 'Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions', held from May 14th to June 10th 2007., Comment: LaTeX, 185 pages, uses iop styles; writeup of the CERN Theory Institute 'Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions', held from May 14th to June 10th 2007

Published
2007
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11. Inclusive distributions at the LHC as predicted from the DPMJET-III model with chain fusion

Author

Ranft, J., Bopp, F. W., Engel, R., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

DPMJET-III with chain fusion is used to calculate inclusive distributions of Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies. We present rapidity distributions as well as scaled multiplicities at mid-rapidity as function of the collision energy and the number of participants., Comment: Presented at "Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC: last call for predictions", Geneva Switzerland, May 14th-June 8th

Published
2007

12. Antibaryon to Baryon Production Ratios in Pb-Pb and p-p collision at LHC energies of the DPMJET-III Monte Carlo

Author

Bopp, F. W., Engel, R., Ranft, J., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A sizable component of stopped baryons is predicted for pp and P bP b collisions at LHC. Based on an analysis of RHIC data within framework of our multichain Monte Carlo DPMJET-III the LHC predictions are presented., Comment: Presented at "Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC: last call for predictions", Geneva Switzerland, May 14th-June 8th

Published
2007

13. The hadronic models for cosmic ray physics: the FLUKA code solutions

Author

Battistoni, G., Garzelli, M. V., Gadioli, E., Muraro, S., Sala, P. R., Fassò, A., Ferrari, A., Roesler, S., Cerutti, F., Ranft, J., Pinsky, L. S., Empl, A., Pelliccioni, M., and Villari, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

FLUKA is a general purpose Monte Carlo transport and interaction code used for fundamental physics and for a wide range of applications. These include Cosmic Ray Physics (muons, neutrinos, EAS, underground physics), both for basic research and applied studies in space and atmospheric flight dosimetry and radiation damage. A review of the hadronic models available in FLUKA and relevant for the description of cosmic ray air showers is presented in this paper. Recent updates concerning these models are discussed. The FLUKA capabilities in the simulation of the formation and propagation of EM and hadronic showers in the Earth's atmosphere are shown., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures. Invited talk presented by M.V. Garzelli at ISVHECRI2006, International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Rays, Weihai, China, August 15 - 22 2006

Published
2006
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14. Antiparticle to Particle Production Ratios in Hadron-Hadron and d-Au Collisions in the DPMJET-III Monte Carlo

Author

Bopp, F. W., Ranft, J., Engel, R., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

To understand baryon stopping we analyse new RHIC and Fermilab data within the framework of the multichain Monte Carlo DPMJET-III. The present consideration is restricted to to hadron-hadron and d-Au collisions., Comment: 10 pages, 19 figures. The paper is expanded in a mayor way to include more data

Published
2005
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16. d-Au and p-p collisions at RHIC and the multichain Monte Carlo Dpmjet-III

Author

Bopp, F. W., Ranft, J., Engel, R., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In this paper we compare systematically the two-component Dual Parton Model (DPM) event generator Dpmjet-III to d-Au and p-p data from RHIC. In this process we are able to improve the model. The need for fusion of chains and a recalibration of the model to obtain collision scaling in h-A and d-A collisions was found already in previous comparisons. Here, comparing to transverse momentum distributions of identified charged hadrons we find also the need to modify the transverse momentum distributions in the decay of hadronic strings, the basic building blocks of the model on soft hadronic collisions., Comment: 8 pages, 13 figures, Based on a contribution to a workshop "QCD at Cosmic Energies, Erice, Italie, Aug.29 to Sept.5 2004

Published
2004

17. RHIC data and the multichain Monte Carlo DPMJET-II

Author

Bopp, F. W., Ranft, J., Engel, R., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Using data from RHIC we are able to systematically improve the two-component Dual Parton Model (DPM) event generator DPMJET-III. Introducing percolation parametrized as fusion of chains the model describes multiplicities and pseudorapidity distributions in nucleus-nucleus collisions at all centralities. Guided by the d-Au data from RHIC we recalibrate the model to obtain collision scaling in h-A and d-A collisions., Comment: 8 pages, Based on a poster submitted to the 17th International Conference on Ultra Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions, Jan. 11-17, Oakland,California USA

Published
2004

18. The physics models of FLUKA: status and recent development

Author

Fasso', A., Ferrari, A., Roesler, S., Sala, P. R., Ballarini, F., Ottolenghi, A., Battistoni, G., Cerutti, F., Gadioli, E., Garzelli, M. V., Empl, A., and Ranft, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A description of the intermediate and high energy hadronic interaction models used in the FLUKA code is given. Benchmarking against experimental data is also reported in order to validate the model performances. Finally the most recent developments and perspectives for nucleus-nucleus interactions are described together with some comparisons with experimental data., Comment: talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 10 pages, ps

Published
2003

19. The FLUKA code: present applications and future developments

Author

Fasso', A., Ferrari, A., Roesler, S., Ranft, J., Sala, P. R., Battistoni, G., Campanella, M., Cerutti, F., De Biaggi, L., Gadioli, E., Garzelli, M. V., Ballarini, F., Ottolenghi, A., Scannicchio, D., Carboni, M., Pelliccioni, M., Villari, R., Andersen, V., Empl, A., Lee, K., Pinsky, L., Wilson, T. N., and Zapp, N.

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The main features of the FLUKA Monte Carlo code, which can deal with transport and interaction of electromagnetic and hadronic particles, are summarised. The physical models embedded in FLUKA are mentioned, as well as examples of benchmarking against experimental data. A short history of the code is provided and the following examples of applications are discussed in detail: prediction of calorimetric performances, atmospheric neutrino flux calculations, dosimetry in atmosphere and radiobiology applications, including hadrontherapy and space radiation protection. Finally a few lines are dedicated to the FLUKA server, from which the code can be downloaded., Comment: talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 8 pages, pdf

Published
2003

20. Distributions of secondary muons at sea level from cosmic gamma rays below 10 TeV

Author

Poirier, J., Roesler, S., and Fasso', A.

Subjects
Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The FLUKA Monte Carlo program is used to predict the distributions of the muons which originate from primary cosmic gamma rays and reach sea level. The main result is the angular distribution of muons produced by vertical gamma rays which is necessary to predict the inherent angular resolution of any instrument utilizing muons to infer properties of gamma ray primaries. Furthermore, various physical effects are discussed which affect these distributions in differing proportions., Comment: 36 pages, 13 figures, minor revision, new layout

Published
2001
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21. Predicting Neutron Production from Cosmic-ray Muons

Author

Wang, Y-F., Balic, V., Gratta, G., Fasso', A., Roesler, S., and Ferrari, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Fast neutrons from cosmic-ray muons are an important background to underground low energy experiments. The estimate of such background is often hampered by the difficulty of measuring and calculating neutron production with sufficient accuracy. Indeed substantial disagreement exists between the different analytical calculations performed so far, while data reported by different experiments is not always consistent. We discuss a new unified approach to estimate the neutron yield, the energy spectrum, the multiplicity and the angular distribution from cosmic muons using the Monte Carlo simulation package FLUKA and show that it gives a good description of most of the existing measurements once the appropriate corrections have been applied., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures

Published
2001
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23. Baryon stopping in high energy collisions in the DPMJET-III model

Author

Ranft, J., Engel, R., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A new striking feature of hadron production in nuclear collisions is the large stopping of the participating nucleons in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. This enhanced baryon stopping can be understood introducing new diquark breaking mechanisms in multistring models of hadron production. Here we discuss the implementation of these diagrams into the DPMJET-III hadronic Monte Carlo model., Comment: 6 pages, LATEX, 6 postscript figures

Published
2000

24. Photoproduction Off Nuclei, Part II: Particle and Jet Production

Author

Roesler, S., Engel, R., and Ranft, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

High energy multiparticle photoproduction off nuclear targets is studied. The photon is assumed to interact in direct scattering processes or as a resolved $q\bar{q}$-state according to the Generalized Vector Dominance Model. In the description of resolved interactions multiple soft and hard processes in each $q\bar{q}$--nucleon interaction are taken into consideration. The model, formulated within the framework of the two-component Dual Parton Model, is shown to agree with hadron production data from real and weakly virtual photon-nucleus interactions. Differences between multiparticle production in photon-nucleus and hadron-nucleus interactions and features of jet production in photon-nucleus collisions at HERA-energies are discussed., Comment: 19 pages, LaTex, 16 figures, final version, to appear in Phys. Rev. D

Published
1996

25. Photoproduction off Nuclei and Point-like Photon Interactions Part I: Cross Sections and Nuclear Shadowing

Author

Engel, R., Ranft, J., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

High energy photoproduction off nuclear targets is studied within the Glauber-Gribov approximation. The photon is assumed to interact as a $q\bar{q}$-system according to the Generalized Vector Dominance Model and as a ``bare photon'' in direct scattering processes with target nucleons. We calculate total cross sections for interactions of photons with nuclei taking into account coherence length effects and point-like interactions of the photon. Results are compared to data on photon-nucleus cross sections, nuclear shadowing, and quasi- elastic $\rho$-production. Extrapolations of cross sections and of the shadowing behaviour to high energies are given., Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures

Published
1996
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26. Deviations from the superposition model in a Dual Parton Model with formation zone cascade in both projectile and target nuclei

Author

Battistoni, G., Forti, C., Ranft, J., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A Dual Parton Model with a formation zone intranuclear cascade in the spectators of the projectile and target nuclei is studied. The hadrons produced in the formation zone cascade contribute to Feynman-$x_F$ and lab-$x$ distributions in the fragmentation regions of the target and projectile nuclei. We discuss the consequences of this model in the secondary cosmic ray production, by analyzing the calculated spectrum weighted moments for pion and kaon production. We show that the proposed model leads to significant differences with respect to a simple superposition model, where the nucleus-nucleus collision is replaced by a few corresponding nucleon-nucleus collisions., Comment: 25 pages, Latex, one section and one figure added, differences between the calculations based on the Dual Parton Model and those based on the superposition model are pointed out more clearly

Published
1996
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27. The production of residual nuclei in peripheral high energy nucleus-nucleus interactions

Author

Ferrari, A., Ranft, J., Roesler, S., and Sala, P. R.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A formation zone intranuclear cascade model is applied to peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions. We calculate the excitation energies of prefragments, treat their further nuclear disintegration and introduce a model for nuclear deexcitation by photon emission. Results are compared to data on target associated particle production in nucleus-nucleus collisions. We discuss implications of these models to the description of particle production in the fragmentation regions. Special emphasis is put on applications for air showers induced by cosmic ray nuclei and for residual nucleus production at heavy ion colliders., Comment: 19 pages, Latex, 15 uuencoded figures

Published
1996
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28. Cascade particles, nuclear evaporation, and residual nuclei in high energy hadron-nucleus interactions

Author

Ferrari, A., Ranft, J., Roesler, S., and Sala, P. R.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Based on a Monte Carlo realization of the Dual Parton Model we study the production of target associated particles and of nuclear fragments in high energy hadron-nucleus interactions. A formation zone intranuclear cascade of low energy secondaries inside the target nucleus is discussed. We calculate excitation energies of residual nuclei left after the intranuclear cascade process and treat their further disintegration by introducing models for the evaporation of protons, neutrons, and light fragments, high energy fission, and by applying a Fermi Break-up model to light nuclear fragments. The results are compared to data on target associated particle production. We furthermore calculate cross sections for the production of nuclear fragments., Comment: 23 pages, Latex, 15 uuencoded figures

Published
1995

29. Hard diffraction in hadron--hadron interactions and in photoproduction

Author

Engel, R., Ranft, J., and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Hard single diffractive processes are studied within the framework of the triple--Pomeron approximation. Using a Pomeron structure function motivated by Regge--theory we obtain parton distribution functions which do not obey momentum sum rule. Based on Regge-- factorization cross sections for hard diffraction are calculated. Furthermore, the model is applied to hard diffractive particle production in photoproduction and in $p\bar{p}$ interactions., Comment: 13 pages, Latex, 13 uuencoded figures

Published
1995
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30. DTUJET--93 Sampling inelastic proton--proton and antiproton--proton collisions according to the two--component Dual Parton Model

Author

Ranft, P. Aurenche F. W. Bopp R. Engel D. Pertermann J. and Roesler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A new version of a Monte Carlo Program for hadronic multi-particle production is presented. It is based on the two-component Dual Parton Model which includes the dual topological unitarization of soft and hard cross sections. The model treats both soft (low $p_{\perp}$) and hard (minijet, large $p_{\perp}$) processes in a unified and consistent way. The unified description is important at TeV-energies of hadron colliders, where the hard perturbative cross sections of QCD become large and comparable to the total cross sections., Comment: 20 pages , PHYSZZX, SI-93-3

Published
1994
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35. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS (RPP2022)

Author

Workman, RL, Burkert, VD, Crede, V, Klempt, E, Thoma, U, Tiator, L, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, BC, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, EC, Asner, DM, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, RM, Baudis, L, Bauer, CW, Beatty, JJ, Belousov, VI, Beringer, J, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, KM, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Bryzgalov, VV, Buchmuller, O, Bychkov, MA, Cahn, RN, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chivukula, RS, Cowan, G, Cranmer, K, Cremonesi, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Demers, S, Dobrescu, BA, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Dreiner, HK, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, El-Khadra, AX, Ellis, J, Eno, SC, Erler, J, Ezhela, VV, Fetscher, W, Fields, BD, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Gonzalez-Garcia, MC, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, AV, Grojean, C, Groom, DE, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, HE, Hamel, M, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Hernandez-Rey, JJ, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Hsu, L, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Ianni, A, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, UF, Kenzie, M, Khoze, VA, Klein, SR, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krizan, P, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, LP, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, AR, Ligeti, Z, Lin, CJ, Lippmann, C, Liss, TM, Littenberg, L, Lourenco, C, Lugovsky, KS, Lugovsky, SB, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, AV, Marciano, WJ, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, UG, Melzer-Pellmann, IA, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, DJ, Milstead, D, Mitchell, RE, Monig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nelles, A, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, KA, Patrignani, C, Peacock, JA, Petrov, VA, Pianori, E, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pietropaolo, F, Pomarol, A, Pordes, S, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, BN, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Robinson, DJ, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, LJ, Rosner, JL, Rybka, G, Ryskin, MG, Ryutin, RA, Sakai, Y, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Schonert, S, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, AJ, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sefkow, F, Seljak, U, Sharma, V, Sharpe, SR, Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G, Silari, M, Simon, F, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, GF, Soffer, A, Sozzi, MS, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, SL, Sumino, Y, Syphers, MJ, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Tasevsky, M, Terao, K, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, RS, Titov, M, Tkachenko, NP, Tovey, DR, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, SP, Walkowiak, W, Walter, CW, Wands, D, Weinberg, DH, Weinberg, EJ, Wermes, N, White, M, Wiencke, LR, Willocq, S, Wohl, CG, Woody, CL, Yao, WM, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, GP, Zenin, OV, Zhu, RY, Zhu, SL, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, PA, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Schaffner, P, Zheng, W, Workman, RL, Burkert, VD, Crede, V, Klempt, E, Thoma, U, Tiator, L, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, BC, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, EC, Asner, DM, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, RM, Baudis, L, Bauer, CW, Beatty, JJ, Belousov, VI, Beringer, J, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, KM, Blucher, E, Bonventre, R, Bryzgalov, VV, Buchmuller, O, Bychkov, MA, Cahn, RN, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chivukula, RS, Cowan, G, Cranmer, K, Cremonesi, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Demers, S, Dobrescu, BA, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Dreiner, HK, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, El-Khadra, AX, Ellis, J, Eno, SC, Erler, J, Ezhela, VV, Fetscher, W, Fields, BD, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Gonzalez-Garcia, MC, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, AV, Grojean, C, Groom, DE, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, HE, Hamel, M, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Hernandez-Rey, JJ, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Hsu, L, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Ianni, A, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, UF, Kenzie, M, Khoze, VA, Klein, SR, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krizan, P, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, LP, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, AR, Ligeti, Z, Lin, CJ, Lippmann, C, Liss, TM, Littenberg, L, Lourenco, C, Lugovsky, KS, Lugovsky, SB, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, AV, Marciano, WJ, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, UG, Melzer-Pellmann, IA, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, DJ, Milstead, D, Mitchell, RE, Monig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Nelles, A, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, KA, Patrignani, C, Peacock, JA, Petrov, VA, Pianori, E, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pietropaolo, F, Pomarol, A, Pordes, S, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, BN, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Robinson, DJ, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, LJ, Rosner, JL, Rybka, G, Ryskin, MG, Ryutin, RA, Sakai, Y, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Schonert, S, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, AJ, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sefkow, F, Seljak, U, Sharma, V, Sharpe, SR, Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G, Silari, M, Simon, F, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, GF, Soffer, A, Sozzi, MS, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, SL, Sumino, Y, Syphers, MJ, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Tasevsky, M, Terao, K, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, RS, Titov, M, Tkachenko, NP, Tovey, DR, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, SP, Walkowiak, W, Walter, CW, Wands, D, Weinberg, DH, Weinberg, EJ, Wermes, N, White, M, Wiencke, LR, Willocq, S, Wohl, CG, Woody, CL, Yao, WM, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, GP, Zenin, OV, Zhu, RY, Zhu, SL, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, PA, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Schaffner, P, and Zheng, W

Subjects
Particle Data Group, HEP, PDG
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances.The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings.The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.

Published
2022

38. Review Of Particle Physics

Author

Workman, R. L., Burkert, V. D., Crede, V, Klempt, E., Thoma, U., Tiator, L., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Allanach, B. C., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R. M., Baudis, L., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V., I, Beringer, J., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bryzgalov, V. V., Buchmuller, O., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Cranmer, K., Cremonesi, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Demers, S., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., El-Khadra, A. X., Ellis, J., Eno, S. C., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A., V, Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hamel, Matthieu, Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Hsu, L., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Ianni, Al, Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Klein, S. R., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krizan, P., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C-J, Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourenco, C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A., V, Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U-G, Melzer-Pellmann, I-A, Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nelles, A., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pietropaolo, F., Pomarol, A., Pordes, S., Profumo, S., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Robinson, D. J., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M. G., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Schoenert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sefkow, F., Seljak, U., Sharma, V, Sharpe, S. R., Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G., Silari, M., Simon, F., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Tasevsky, M., Terao, K., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., Wermes, N., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Woody, C. L., Yao, W-M, Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O., V, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, Shi-Lin, Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Schaffner, P., Zheng, W., Workman, R. L., Burkert, V. D., Crede, V, Klempt, E., Thoma, U., Tiator, L., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Allanach, B. C., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R. M., Baudis, L., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V., I, Beringer, J., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bryzgalov, V. V., Buchmuller, O., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Cranmer, K., Cremonesi, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Demers, S., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., El-Khadra, A. X., Ellis, J., Eno, S. C., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A., V, Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hamel, Matthieu, Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Hsu, L., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Ianni, Al, Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Klein, S. R., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krizan, P., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C-J, Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourenco, C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A., V, Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U-G, Melzer-Pellmann, I-A, Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nelles, A., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pietropaolo, F., Pomarol, A., Pordes, S., Profumo, S., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Robinson, D. J., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M. G., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Schoenert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sefkow, F., Seljak, U., Sharma, V, Sharpe, S. R., Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G., Silari, M., Simon, F., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Tasevsky, M., Terao, K., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., Wermes, N., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Woody, C. L., Yao, W-M, Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O., V, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, Shi-Lin, Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Schaffner, P., and Zheng, W.

Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances., The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings., The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. New Capabilities of the FLUKA Multi-Purpose Code

Author

Ahdida, C., primary, Bozzato, D., additional, Calzolari, D., additional, Cerutti, F., additional, Charitonidis, N., additional, Cimmino, A., additional, Coronetti, A., additional, D’Alessandro, G. L., additional, Donadon Servelle, A., additional, Esposito, L. S., additional, Froeschl, R., additional, García Alía, R., additional, Gerbershagen, A., additional, Gilardoni, S., additional, Horváth, D., additional, Hugo, G., additional, Infantino, A., additional, Kouskoura, V., additional, Lechner, A., additional, Lefebvre, B., additional, Lerner, G., additional, Magistris, M., additional, Manousos, A., additional, Moryc, G., additional, Ogallar Ruiz, F., additional, Pozzi, F., additional, Prelipcean, D., additional, Roesler, S., additional, Rossi, R., additional, Sabaté Gilarte, M., additional, Salvat Pujol, F., additional, Schoofs, P., additional, Stránský, V., additional, Theis, C., additional, Tsinganis, A., additional, Versaci, R., additional, Vlachoudis, V., additional, Waets, A., additional, and Widorski, M., additional

Published
2022
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44. Characterization of the PTW 34031 ionization chamber (PMI) at RCNP with high energy neutrons ranging from 100 – 392 MeV

Author

Theis C., Carbonez P., Feldbaumer E., Forkel-Wirth D., Jaegerhofer L., Pangallo M., Perrin D., Urscheler C., Roesler S., Vincke H., Widorski M., Iwamoto Y., Hagiwara M., Satoh D., Iwase H., Yashima H., Matsumoto T., Masuda A., Nishiyama J., Harano H., Itoga T., Nakamura T., Sato T., Nakane Y., Nakashima H., Sakamoto Y., Taniguchi S., Nakao N., Tamii A., Shima T., and Hatanaka K.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Radiation monitoring at high energy proton accelerators poses a considerable challenge due to the complexity of the encountered stray radiation fields. These environments comprise a wide variety of different particle types and span from fractions of electron-volts up to several terra electron-volts. As a consequence the use of Monte Carlo simulation programs like FLUKA is indispensable to obtain appropriate field-specific calibration factors. At many locations of the LHC a large contribution to the particle fluence is expected to originate from high-energy neutrons and thus, benchmark experiments with mono-energetic neutron beams are of high importance to verify the aforementioned detector response calculations. This paper summarizes the results of a series of benchmark experiments with quasi mono-energetic neutrons of 100, 140, 200, 250 and 392 MeV that have been carried out at RCNP - Osaka University, during several campaigns between 2006 and 2014.

Published
2017
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45. A Shielding Concept for the MedAustron Facility

Author

Jägerhofer L., Feldbaumer E., Roesler S., Theis C., and Vincke H.

Subjects
EBG MedAustron GmbH, Shielding Calculations, Hadron Therapy, FLUKA, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

MedAustron is a synchrotron based accelerator facility for cancer therapy and research in Wiener Neustadt, 50 km south of Vienna. The facility will provide protons up to kinetic energies of 250 MeV and carbon ions up to 400 MeV/n for ion beam therapy. Additionally, protons up to 800 MeV kinetic energy will be used in a dedicated room for non-clinical research. In order to obtain a shielding concept for this facility a detailed geometry of the accelerator facility was implemented into the Monte-Carlo code FLUKA and shielding simulations were performed. In the course of these simulations the contributions of different particle types to the mixed fields around the accelerator and behind shielding were analysed. In an iterative process with the architect the final design of the shielding concept was developed until it was capable of reducing the effect of secondary radiation on humans and the environment below Austrian legal limits.

Published
2017
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46. Review of Particle Physics and 2021 Update

Author

Zyla, P. A., Barnett, R. M., Wohl, C. G., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Yao, W. -M., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourengo, C., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Agashe, K., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. -G., Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Aielli, G., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Allanach, B. C., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Profumo, S., Amsler, C., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramani, H., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Antonelli, M., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Aschenauer, E. C., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Asner, D. M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Baer, H., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Taševský, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Beringer, J., Banerjee, Sw, Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Baudis, L., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, A., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Bauer, C. W., Wands, D., Wascko, M. O., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yokoyama, M., Beatty, J. J., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Lugovsky, V. S., Belousov, V. I., Schaffner, P., Zheng, W., Group, Particle Data, Sefkow, Felix, Simon, Frank, Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Dahl, O., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Dwyer, D. A., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvêa, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Groom, D. E., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Lin, C. -J., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Lugovsky, K. S., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Pianori, E., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Robinson, D. J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., and Klein, S. R.

Subjects
heavy [boson], lepton, mixing [neutrino], diffraction, dark matter: density, Higgs particle, quark, cosmological model: parameter space, quantum chromodynamics, ddc:530, sparticle, energy: high, gauge boson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, photon, C50 Other topics in experimental particle physics, density [dark matter], parameter space [cosmological model], baryon, density [dark energy], grand unified theory, boson: heavy, dark energy: density, statistics, CKM matrix, axion, high [energy], High Energy Physics::Experiment, hadron, supersymmetry, neutrino: mixing
Abstract

Progress of theoretical and experimental physics 2020(8), 083C01 (2021). doi:10.1093/ptep/ptaa104, The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

Published
2021
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47. The physics of the FLUKA code: Recent developments

Author

Ballarini, F., Battistoni, G., Brugger, M., Campanella, M., Carboni, M., Cerutti, F., Empl, A., Fassò, A., Ferrari, A., Gadioli, E., Garzelli, M.V., Lantz, M., Mairani, A., Mostacci, A., Muraro, S., Ottolenghi, A., Patera, V., Pelliccioni, M., Pinsky, L., Ranft, J., Roesler, S., Sala, P.R., Scannicchio, D., Smirnov, G., Sommerer, F., Trovati, S., Villari, R., Vlachoudis, V., Wilson, T., and Zapp, N.

Published
2007
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49. Review of Particle Physics

Author

Tanabashi, M, Grp, P, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Nakamura, K, Sumino, Y, Takahashi, F, Tanaka, J, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Black, K, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Firestone, R, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitche, R, Moenig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Murayama, H, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Pianori, E, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M, Voge, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Willocq, S, Woh, C, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Fuller, L, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitche, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Voge, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woh, C. C., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Tanabashi, M, Grp, P, Hagiwara, K, Hikasa, K, Nakamura, K, Sumino, Y, Takahashi, F, Tanaka, J, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Black, K, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Firestone, R, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hisano, J, Hocker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitche, R, Moenig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Murayama, H, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Pianori, E, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M, Voge, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Willocq, S, Woh, C, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zhu, S, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Fuller, L, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitche, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Voge, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woh, C. C., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.

Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology. Starting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.1b1.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available

Published
2018

50. The FLUKA code: New developments and application to 1 GeV/n iron beams

Author

Aiginger, H., Andersen, V., Ballarini, F., Battistoni, G., Campanella, M., Carboni, M., Cerutti, F., Empl, A., Enghardt, W., Fassò, A., Ferrari, A., Gadioli, E., Garzelli, M.V., Lee, K., Ottolenghi, A., Parodi, K., Pelliccioni, M., Pinsky, L., Ranft, J., Roesler, S., Sala, P.R., Scannicchio, D., Smirnov, G., Sommerer, F., Wilson, T., and Zapp, N.

Published
2005
Full Text
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