1. Electron Dynamics at High-Energy Densities in Nickel from Non-linear Resonant X-ray Absorption Spectra
- Author
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Engel, Robin Y., Alexander, Oliver, Atak, Kaan, Bovensiepen, Uwe, Buck, Jens, Carley, Robert, Cascella, Michele, Chardonnet, Valentin, Chiuzbaian, Gheorghe Sorin, David, Christian, Döring, Florian, Eschenlohr, Andrea, Gerasimova, Natalia, de Groot, Frank, Guyader, Loïc Le, Humphries, Oliver S., Izquierdo, Manuel, Jal, Emmanuelle, Kubec, Adam, Laarmann, Tim, Lambert, Charles-Henri, Lüning, Jan, Marangos, Jonathan P., Mercadier, Laurent, Mercurio, Giuseppe, Miedema, Piter S., Ollefs, Katharina, Pfau, Bastian, Rösner, Benedikt, Rossnagel, Kai, Rothenbach, Nico, Scherz, Andreas, Schlappa, Justine, Scholz, Markus, Schunck, Jan O., Setoodehnia, Kiana, Stamm, Christian, Techert, Simone, Vinko, Sam M., Wende, Heiko, Yaroslavtsev, Alexander A., Yin, Zhong, and Beye, Martin
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The pulse intensity from X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) can create extreme excitation densities in solids, entering the regime of non-linear X-ray-matter interactions. We show L3-edge absorption spectra of metallic nickel thin films with fluences entering a regime where several X-ray photons are incident per absorption cross-section. Main features of the observed non-linear spectral changes are described with a predictive rate model for electron population dynamics during the pulse, utilizing a fixed density of states and tabulated ground-state properties., Comment: The main text contains 5 pages and 4 figures, the total length including supplement is 14 pages, 7 figures and one table. See also the simultaneously submitted paper about the rate model
- Published
- 2022
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