38 results on '"Roguski, K."'
Search Results
2. The Influence of the Recipient's Body Weight on the Probability to Obtain a Heart Transplant—POLKARD HF Registry
- Author
-
Zieliński, T., Sobieszczańska-Małek, M., Browarek, A., Piotrowska, M., Zakliczyński, M., Przybyłowski, P., Roguski, K., Sadowski, J., Zembala, M., and Korewicki, J.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Relationship among leptin, neuropeptide Y, and galanin in young women and in postmenopausal women.
- Author
-
Baranowska B, Radzikowska M, Wasilewska-Dziubínska E, Roguski K, Pølonowski A, Baranowska, B, Radzikowska, M, Wasilewska-Dziubínska, E, Roguski, K, and Pølonowski, A
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Effects of PACAP and VIP on Adrenal Progesterone Release
- Author
-
BARANOWSKA, B., primary, WASILEWSKA-DZIUBIŃSKA, E., additional, RADZIKOWSKA, M., additional, PLONOWSKI, A., additional, ROGUSKI, K., additional, KRAWCZYK, E., additional, and KAWALEC, M., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Composite aortic root replacement using the classic or modified Cabrol coronary artery implantation technique
- Author
-
Garlicki, Miroslaw, primary, Roguski, K., additional, Puchniewicz, M., additional, and Ehrlich, Marek P., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Role of VIP and Somatostatin in the Control of GH and Prolactin Release in Anorexia Nervosa and in Obesity
- Author
-
BARANOWSKA, B., primary, RADZIKOWSKA, M., additional, WASILEWSKA‐DZIUBINSKA, E., additional, ROGUSKI, K., additional, and BOROWIEC, M., additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Disturbed release of gastrointestinal peptides in anorexia nervosa and in obesity
- Author
-
Baranowska, B., primary, Radzikowska, M., additional, Wasilewska-Dziubinska, E., additional, Roguski, K., additional, and Borowiec, M., additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Neuropeptide Y, leptin, galanin and insulin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
- Author
-
Baranowska, B., primary, Radzikowska, M., additional, Wasilewska-Dziubińska, E., additional, Kapliński, A., additional, Roguski, K., additional, and Płonowski, A., additional
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Neuropeptide Y, galanin, and leptin release in obese women and in women with anorexia nervosa
- Author
-
Baranowska, B., primary, Wasilewska-Dziubińska, E., additional, Radzikowska, M., additional, Pęlonowski, A., additional, and Roguski, K., additional
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Effects of PACAP and VIP on Adrenal Progesterone Release.
- Author
-
BARANOWSKA, B., WASILEWSKA-DZIUBIŃSKA, E., RADZIKOWSKA, M., PLONOWSKI, A., ROGUSKI, K., KRAWCZYK, E., and KAWALEC, M.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Characteristics of patients experiencing rehospitalization or death after hospital discharge in a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury — United States, 2019
- Author
-
Mikosz, C. A., Melissa Danielson, Anderson, K. N., Pollack, L. A., Currie, D. W., Njai, R., Evans, M. E., Goodman, A. B., Twentyman, E., Wiltz, J. L., Rose, D. A., Krishnasamy, V., King, B. A., Jones, C. M., Briss, P., Lozier, M., Ellington, S., Adebayo, A., Atti, S., Board, A., Austin, C., Chandra, G., Coy, K., Cyrus, A., Fajardo, G., Goyal, S., Graves, S., Hamilton, J., Hayes, D., Hughes, D., Israel, M., Ko, J., Li, Z., Lynfield, R., Newton, S., Parks, S., Pomeroy, M., Roguski, K., Salvatore, P., Schrodt, C., Soroka, S., Thomas, K., Wallace, B., and Wallace, M.
12. The role of neuropeptides in the disturbed control of appetite and hormone secretion in eating disorders
- Author
-
Baranowska, B., Wolinska-Witort, E., Wasilewska-Dziubinska, E., Roguski, K., Martynska, L., and Magdalena Chmielowska
13. Timing of seasonal influenza epidemics for 25 countries in Africa during 2010-19: a retrospective analysis.
- Author
-
Igboh LS, Roguski K, Marcenac P, Emukule GO, Charles MD, Tempia S, Herring B, Vandemaele K, Moen A, Olsen SJ, Wentworth DE, Kondor R, Mott JA, Hirve S, Bresee JS, Mangtani P, Nguipdop-Djomo P, and Azziz-Baumgartner E
- Subjects
- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Burkina Faso, Seasons, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza Vaccines, Epidemics
- Abstract
Background: Using country-specific surveillance data to describe influenza epidemic activity could inform decisions on the timing of influenza vaccination. We analysed surveillance data from African countries to characterise the timing of seasonal influenza epidemics to inform national vaccination strategies., Methods: We used publicly available sentinel data from African countries reporting to the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response FluNet platform that had 3-10 years of data collected during 2010-19. We calculated a 3-week moving proportion of samples positive for influenza virus and assessed epidemic timing using an aggregate average method. The start and end of each epidemic were defined as the first week when the proportion of positive samples exceeded or went below the annual mean, respectively, for at least 3 consecutive weeks. We categorised countries into five epidemic patterns: northern hemisphere-dominant, with epidemics occurring in October-March; southern hemisphere-dominant, with epidemics occurring in April-September; primarily northern hemisphere with some epidemic activity in southern hemisphere months; primarily southern hemisphere with some epidemic activity in northern hemisphere months; and year-round influenza transmission without a discernible northern hemisphere or southern hemisphere predominance (no clear pattern)., Findings: Of the 34 countries reporting data to FluNet, 25 had at least 3 years of data, representing 46% of the countries in Africa and 89% of Africa's population. Study countries reported RT-PCR respiratory virus results for a total of 503 609 specimens (median 12 971 [IQR 9607-20 960] per country-year), of which 74 001 (15%; median 2078 [IQR 1087-3008] per country-year) were positive for influenza viruses. 248 epidemics occurred across 236 country-years of data (median 10 [range 7-10] per country). Six (24%) countries had a northern hemisphere pattern (Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Morocco, Niger, and Tunisia). Eight (32%) had a primarily northern hemisphere pattern with some southern hemisphere epidemics (Cameroon, Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, and Togo). Three (12%) had a primarily southern hemisphere pattern with some northern hemisphere epidemics (Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda). Three (12%) had a southern hemisphere pattern (Central African Republic, South Africa, and Zambia). Five (20%) had no clear pattern (Côte d'Ivoire, DR Congo, Madagascar, Mauritius, and Rwanda)., Interpretation: Most countries had identifiable influenza epidemic periods that could be used to inform authorities of non-seasonal and seasonal influenza activity, guide vaccine timing, and promote timely interventions., Funding: None., Translations: For the Berber, Luganda, Xhosa, Chewa, Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa and Afan Oromo translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children - United States, March-July 2020.
- Author
-
Godfred-Cato S, Bryant B, Leung J, Oster ME, Conklin L, Abrams J, Roguski K, Wallace B, Prezzato E, Koumans EH, Lee EH, Geevarughese A, Lash MK, Reilly KH, Pulver WP, Thomas D, Feder KA, Hsu KK, Plipat N, Richardson G, Reid H, Lim S, Schmitz A, Pierce T, Hrapcak S, Datta D, Morris SB, Clarke K, and Belay E
- Subjects
- Adolescent, COVID-19, Child, Child, Preschool, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, United States epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections complications, Pneumonia, Viral complications, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome epidemiology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome virology
- Abstract
In April 2020, during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Europe, a cluster of children with hyperinflammatory shock with features similar to Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome was reported in England* (1). The patients' signs and symptoms were temporally associated with COVID-19 but presumed to have developed 2-4 weeks after acute COVID-19; all children had serologic evidence of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1). The clinical signs and symptoms present in this first cluster included fever, rash, conjunctivitis, peripheral edema, gastrointestinal symptoms, shock, and elevated markers of inflammation and cardiac damage (1). On May 14, 2020, CDC published an online Health Advisory that summarized the manifestations of reported multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), outlined a case definition,
† and asked clinicians to report suspected U.S. cases to local and state health departments. As of July 29, a total of 570 U.S. MIS-C patients who met the case definition had been reported to CDC. A total of 203 (35.6%) of the patients had a clinical course consistent with previously published MIS-C reports, characterized predominantly by shock, cardiac dysfunction, abdominal pain, and markedly elevated inflammatory markers, and almost all had positive SARS-CoV-2 test results. The remaining 367 (64.4%) of MIS-C patients had manifestations that appeared to overlap with acute COVID-19 (2-4), had a less severe clinical course, or had features of Kawasaki disease.§ Median duration of hospitalization was 6 days; 364 patients (63.9%) required care in an intensive care unit (ICU), and 10 patients (1.8%) died. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to expand in many jurisdictions, clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of MIS-C and report suspected cases to their state or local health departments; analysis of reported cases can enhance understanding of MIS-C and improve characterization of the illness for early detection and treatment., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 10 Sites in the United States, March 23-May 12, 2020.
- Author
-
Havers FP, Reed C, Lim T, Montgomery JM, Klena JD, Hall AJ, Fry AM, Cannon DL, Chiang CF, Gibbons A, Krapiunaya I, Morales-Betoulle M, Roguski K, Rasheed MAU, Freeman B, Lester S, Mills L, Carroll DS, Owen SM, Johnson JA, Semenova V, Blackmore C, Blog D, Chai SJ, Dunn A, Hand J, Jain S, Lindquist S, Lynfield R, Pritchard S, Sokol T, Sosa L, Turabelidze G, Watkins SM, Wiesman J, Williams RW, Yendell S, Schiffer J, and Thornburg NJ
- Abstract
Importance: Reported cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection likely underestimate the prevalence of infection in affected communities. Large-scale seroprevalence studies provide better estimates of the proportion of the population previously infected., Objective: To estimate prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convenience samples from several geographic sites in the US., Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study performed serologic testing on a convenience sample of residual sera obtained from persons of all ages. The serum was collected from March 23 through May 12, 2020, for routine clinical testing by 2 commercial laboratory companies. Sites of collection were San Francisco Bay area, California; Connecticut; south Florida; Louisiana; Minneapolis-St Paul-St Cloud metro area, Minnesota; Missouri; New York City metro area, New York; Philadelphia metro area, Pennsylvania; Utah; and western Washington State., Exposures: Infection with SARS-CoV-2., Main Outcomes and Measures: The presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and estimates were standardized to the site populations by age and sex. Estimates were adjusted for test performance characteristics (96.0% sensitivity and 99.3% specificity). The number of infections in each site was estimated by extrapolating seroprevalence to site populations; estimated infections were compared with the number of reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases as of last specimen collection date., Results: Serum samples were tested from 16 025 persons, 8853 (55.2%) of whom were women; 1205 (7.5%) were 18 years or younger and 5845 (36.2%) were 65 years or older. Most specimens from each site had no evidence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Adjusted estimates of the proportion of persons seroreactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies ranged from 1.0% in the San Francisco Bay area (collected April 23-27) to 6.9% of persons in New York City (collected March 23-April 1). The estimated number of infections ranged from 6 to 24 times the number of reported cases; for 7 sites (Connecticut, Florida, Louisiana, Missouri, New York City metro area, Utah, and western Washington State), an estimated greater than 10 times more SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred than the number of reported cases., Conclusions and Relevance: During March to early May 2020, most persons in 10 diverse geographic sites in the US had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. The estimated number of infections, however, was much greater than the number of reported cases in all sites. The findings may reflect the number of persons who had mild or no illness or who did not seek medical care or undergo testing but who still may have contributed to ongoing virus transmission in the population.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The SaniPath Exposure Assessment Tool: A quantitative approach for assessing exposure to fecal contamination through multiple pathways in low resource urban settlements.
- Author
-
Raj SJ, Wang Y, Yakubu H, Robb K, Siesel C, Green J, Kirby A, Mairinger W, Michiel J, Null C, Perez E, Roguski K, and Moe CL
- Subjects
- Cities, Decision Making, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring statistics & numerical data, Escherichia coli isolation & purification, Food Contamination, Ghana, Humans, Pilot Projects, Policy Making, Poverty, Public Health, Urban Health, Water Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Monitoring methods, Feces microbiology, Sanitation statistics & numerical data, Software
- Abstract
Inadequate sanitation can lead to exposure to fecal contamination through multiple environmental pathways and can result in adverse health outcomes. By understanding the relative importance of multiple exposure pathways, sanitation interventions can be tailored to those pathways with greatest potential public health impact. The SaniPath Exposure Assessment Tool allows users to identify and quantify human exposure to fecal contamination in low-resource urban settings through a systematic yet customizable process. The Tool includes: a project management platform; mobile data collection and a data repository; protocols for primary data collection; and automated exposure assessment analysis. The data collection protocols detail the process of conducting behavioral surveys with households, school children, and community groups to quantify contact with fecal exposure pathways and of collecting and analyzing environmental samples for E. coli as an indicator of fecal contamination. Bayesian analyses are used to estimate the percentage of the population exposed and the mean dose of fecal exposure from microbiological and behavioral data. Fecal exposure from nine pathways (drinking water, bathing water, surface water, ocean water, open drains, floodwater, raw produce, street food, and public or shared toilets) can be compared through a common metric-estimated ingestion of E. coli units (MPN or CFU) per month. The Tool generates data visualizations and recommendations for interventions designed for both scientific and lay audiences. When piloted in Accra, Ghana, the results of the Tool were comparable with that of an in-depth study conducted in the same neighborhoods and highlighted consumption of raw produce as a dominant exposure pathway. The Tool has been deployed in nine cities to date, and the results are being used by local authorities to design and prioritize programming and policy. The SaniPath Tool is a novel approach to support public-health evidence-based decision-making for urban sanitation policies and investments., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Burden of influenza-associated respiratory and circulatory mortality in India, 2010-2013.
- Author
-
Narayan VV, Iuliano AD, Roguski K, Bhardwaj R, Chadha M, Saha S, Haldar P, Kumar R, Sreenivas V, Kant S, Bresee J, Jain S, and Krishnan A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cause of Death, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, India epidemiology, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Seasons, Young Adult, Cardiovascular System physiopathology, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human mortality, Respiratory Tract Diseases complications, Respiratory Tract Diseases mortality
- Abstract
Background: Influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, however, reliable burden estimates from developing countries are limited, including India. We aimed to quantify influenza-associated mortality for India utilizing 2010-2013 nationally representative data sources for influenza virus circulation and deaths., Methods: Virological data were obtained from the influenza surveillance network of 10 laboratories led by National Institute of Virology, Pune covering eight states from 2010-2013. Death data were obtained from the nationally representative Sample Registration System for the same time period. Generalized linear regression with negative binomial distribution was used to model weekly respiratory and circulatory deaths by age group and proportion of specimens positive for influenza by subtype; excess deaths above the seasonal baseline were taken as an estimate of influenza-associated mortality counts and rates. Annual excess death rates and the 2011 India Census data were used to estimate national influenza-associated deaths., Results: Estimated annual influenza-associated respiratory mortality rates were highest for those ≥65 years (51.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.2-93.0 deaths/100 000 population) followed by those <5 years (9.8, 95% CI = 0-21.8/100 000). Influenza-associated circulatory death rates were also higher among those ≥65 years (71.8, 95% CI = 7.9-135.8/100 000) as compared to those aged <65 years (1.9, 95% CI = 0-4.6/100 000). Across all age groups, a mean of 127 092 (95% CI = 64 046-190,139) annual influenza-associated respiratory and circulatory deaths may occur in India., Conclusions: Estimated influenza-associated mortality in India was high among children <5 years and adults ≥65 years. These estimates may inform strategies for influenza prevention and control in India, such as possible vaccine introduction., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors completed the ICMJE Unified Competing Interest form (available upon request from the corresponding author), and declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Effectiveness of a Behavior Change Intervention with Hand Sanitizer Use and Respiratory Hygiene in Reducing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza among Schoolchildren in Bangladesh: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
-
Biswas D, Ahmed M, Roguski K, Ghosh PK, Parveen S, Nizame FA, Rahman MZ, Chowdhury F, Rahman M, Luby SP, Sturm-Ramirez K, and Iuliano AD
- Subjects
- Bangladesh, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Hand Sanitizers pharmacology, Humans, Incidence, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Male, Schools, Soaps pharmacology, Hand Disinfection, Health Behavior, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza, Human transmission, Students statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Schoolchildren are commonly linked to influenza transmission. Handwashing with soap has been shown to decrease infections; however, improving handwashing practices using soap and water is difficult in low-resource settings. In these settings, alternative hygiene options, such as hand sanitizer, could improve handwashing promotion to reduce influenza virus infections. We conducted a cluster randomized control trial in 24 primary schools in Dhaka to assess the effectiveness of hand sanitizer and a respiratory hygiene education intervention in reducing influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza during June-September 2015. Twelve schools were randomly selected to receive hand sanitizer and respiratory hygiene education, and 12 schools received no intervention. Field staff actively followed children daily to monitor for new ILI episodes (cough with fever) through school visits and by phone if a child was absent. When an illness episode was identified, medical technologists collected nasal swabs to test for influenza viruses. During the 10-week follow-up period, the incidence of ILI per 1,000 student-weeks was 22 in the intervention group versus 27 in the control group ( P -value = 0.4). The incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza was 53% lower in the intervention schools (3/1,000 person-weeks) than in the control schools (6/1,000 person-weeks) ( P -value = 0.01). Hand sanitizer and respiratory hygiene education can help to reduce the risk of influenza virus transmission in schools.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Characteristics of Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Patients in a Nationwide Outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury - United States, November 2019.
- Author
-
Chatham-Stephens K, Roguski K, Jang Y, Cho P, Jatlaoui TC, Kabbani S, Glidden E, Ussery EN, Trivers KF, Evans ME, King BA, Rose DA, Jones CM, Baldwin G, Delaney LJ, Briss P, and Ritchey MD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Female, Humans, Lung Injury therapy, Male, Middle Aged, United States epidemiology, Young Adult, Disease Outbreaks, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Lung Injury epidemiology, Vaping adverse effects
- Abstract
CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), state and local health departments, and public health and clinical stakeholders are investigating a nationwide outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) (1). As of November 13, 2019, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and two U.S. territories (Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands) have reported 2,172 EVALI cases to CDC, including 42 (1.9%) EVALI-associated deaths. To inform EVALI surveillance, including during the 2019-20 influenza season, case report information supplied by states for hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients with EVALI were analyzed using data collected as of November 5, 2019. Among 2,016 EVALI patients with available data on hospitalization status, 1,906 (95%) were hospitalized, and 110 (5%) were not hospitalized. Demographic characteristics of hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients were similar; most were male (68% of hospitalized versus 65% of nonhospitalized patients), and most were aged <35 years (78% of hospitalized versus 74% of nonhospitalized patients). These patients also reported similar use of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing products (83% of hospitalized versus 84% of nonhospitalized patients). Given the similarity between hospitalized and nonhospitalized EVALI patients, the potential for large numbers of respiratory infections during the emerging 2019-20 influenza season, and the potential difficulty in distinguishing EVALI from respiratory infections, CDC will no longer collect national data on nonhospitalized EVALI patients. Further collection of data on nonhospitalized patients will be at the discretion of individual state, local, and territorial health departments. Candidates for outpatient management of EVALI should have normal oxygen saturation (≥95% while breathing room air), no respiratory distress, no comorbidities that might compromise pulmonary reserve, reliable access to care, strong social support systems, and should be able to ensure follow-up within 24-48 hours of initial evaluation and to seek medical care promptly if respiratory symptoms worsen. Health care providers should emphasize the importance of annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged ≥6 months, including persons who use e-cigarette, or vaping, products (2,3)., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The burden of influenza-associated respiratory hospitalizations in Bhutan, 2015-2016.
- Author
-
Thapa B, Roguski K, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Siener K, Gould P, Jamtsho T, and Wangchuk S
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Bhutan epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Respiratory Tract Infections virology, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Cost of Illness, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Sentinel Surveillance
- Abstract
Background: Influenza burden estimates help provide evidence to support influenza prevention and control programs. In this study, we estimated influenza-associated respiratory hospitalization rates in Bhutan, a country considering influenza vaccine introduction., Methods: Using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction laboratory results from severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance, we estimated the proportion of respiratory hospitalizations attributable to influenza each month among patients aged <5, 5-49, and ≥50 years in six Bhutanese districts for 2015 and 2016. We divided the sum of the monthly influenza-attributed hospitalizations by the total of the six district populations to generate age-specific rates for each year., Results: In 2015, 10% of SARI patients tested positive for influenza (64/659) and 18% tested positive (129/736) in 2016. The incidence of influenza-associated hospitalizations among all age groups was 50/100 000 persons (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45-55) in 2015 and 118/100 000 persons (95% CI: 110-127) in 2016. The highest rates were among children <5 years: 182/100 000 (95% CI: 153-210) in 2015 and 532/100 000 (95% CI: 473-591) in 2016. The second highest influenza-associated hospitalization rates were among adults ≥50 years: 110/100 000 (95% CI: 91-130) in 2015 and 193/100 000 (95% CI: 165-221) in 2016., Conclusions: Influenza viruses were associated with a substantial burden of severe illness requiring hospitalization especially among children and older adults. These findings can be used to understand the potential impact of seasonal influenza vaccination in these age groups., (© 2018 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Reply to Alonso et al. "Bangladesh and Rwanda: Cases of high burden of influenza in tropical countries?"
- Author
-
Ahmed M, Roguski K, Tempia S, and Iuliano AD
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Within-Compound Versus Public Latrine Access and Child Feces Disposal Practices in Low-Income Neighborhoods of Accra, Ghana.
- Author
-
Ritter RL, Peprah D, Null C, Moe CL, Armah G, Ampofo J, Wellington N, Yakubu H, Robb K, Kirby AE, Wang Y, Roguski K, Reese H, Agbemabiese CA, Adomako LAB, Freeman MC, and Baker KK
- Subjects
- Caregivers, Family Characteristics, Feces, Female, Ghana, Humans, Mothers, Poverty, Toilet Facilities standards
- Abstract
In crowded urban settlements in low-income countries, many households rely on shared sanitation facilities. Shared facilities are not currently considered "improved sanitation" because of concerns about whether hygiene conditions sufficiently protect users from the feces of others. Prevention of fecal exposure at a latrine is only one aspect of sanitary safety. Ensuring consistent use of latrines for feces disposal, especially child feces, is required to reduce fecal contamination in households and communities. Household crowding and shared latrine access are correlated in these settings, rendering latrine use by neighbors sharing communal living areas as critically important for protecting one's own household. This study in Accra, Ghana, found that household access to a within-compound basic latrine was associated with higher latrine use by children of ages 5-12 years and for disposal of feces of children < 5 years, compared with households using public latrines. However, within-compound access was not associated with improved child feces disposal by other caregivers in the compound. Feces was rarely observed in household compounds but was observed more often in compounds with latrines versus compounds relying on public latrines. Escherichia coli and human adenovirus were detected frequently on household surfaces, but concentrations did not differ when compared by latrine access or usage practices. The differences in latrine use for households sharing within-compound versus public latrines in Accra suggest that disaggregated shared sanitation categories may be useful in monitoring global progress in sanitation coverage. However, compound access did not completely ensure that households were protected from feces and microbial contamination.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Evaluation of data sources and approaches for estimation of influenza-associated mortality in India.
- Author
-
Narayan VV, Iuliano AD, Roguski K, Haldar P, Saha S, Sreenivas V, Kant S, Zodpey S, Pandav CS, Jain S, and Krishnan A
- Subjects
- Disease Notification, Humans, India epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Registries, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human mortality
- Abstract
Background: No estimates of influenza-associated mortality exist for India., Objective: To evaluate national mortality and viral surveillance data from India for assessing their appropriateness in estimating influenza-associated mortality using varied analytic approaches., Methods: We reviewed influenza virus surveillance data from a national influenza surveillance network. We also reviewed national mortality data from Civil Registration System (CRS), Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) and the Sample Registration System (SRS). We compared and scored the different sources of mortality data using specific criteria, including the process of cause of death assignment, sample size, proportion of ill-defined deaths, representativeness and availability of time series data. Each of these 5 parameters was scored on a scale from 1 to 5. To evaluate how to generate an influenza-associated mortality estimate for India, we also reviewed 4 methodologic approaches to assess the appropriateness of their assumptions and requirements for these data sets., Results: The influenza virus surveillance data included year-round sample testing for influenza virus and was found to be suitable for influenza mortality estimation modelling. Based on scoring for the 5 mortality data criteria, the SRS data had the highest score with 20 of 25 possible score, whereas MCCD and CRS scored 16 and 12, respectively. The SRS which used verbal autopsy survey methods was determined to be nationally representative and thus adequate for estimating influenza-associated mortality. Evaluation of the modelling methods demonstrated that Poisson regression, risk difference and mortality multiplier methods could be applied to the Indian setting., Conclusion: Despite significant challenges, it is possible to estimate influenza-associated mortality in India., (© 2017 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Estimates of seasonal influenza-associated mortality in Bangladesh, 2010-2012.
- Author
-
Ahmed M, Aleem MA, Roguski K, Abedin J, Islam A, Alam KF, Gurley ES, Rahman M, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Homaira N, Sturm-Ramirez K, and Danielle Iuliano A
- Subjects
- Bangladesh epidemiology, Cost of Illness, Humans, Models, Biological, Seasons, Sentinel Surveillance, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human mortality
- Abstract
Background: Seasonal influenza-associated mortality estimates help identify the burden of disease and assess the value of public health interventions such as annual influenza immunization. Vital registration is limited in Bangladesh making it difficult to estimate seasonal influenza mortality., Objectives: Our study aimed to estimate seasonal influenza-associated mortality rates for 2010-2012 in Bangladesh., Methods: We conducted surveillance among hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) for persons aged ≥5 years and severe pneumonia for children <5 years in 11 sites across Bangladesh. We defined the catchment areas of these sites and conducted a community survey in 22 randomly selected unions (administrative units) within the catchment areas to identify respiratory deaths. We multiplied the proportion of influenza-positive patients at our surveillance sites by the age-specific number of respiratory deaths identified to estimate seasonal influenza-associated mortality., Results: Among 4221 surveillance case-patients, 553 (13%) were positive for influenza viruses. Concurrently, we identified 1191 persons who died within 2 weeks of developing an acute respiratory illness within the catchment areas of the surveillance hospitals. In 2010-2011, the estimated influenza-associated mortality rate was 6 (95% CI 4-9) per 100 000 for children <5 years and 41 (95% CI 35-47) per 100 000 for persons >60 years. During 2011-2012, the estimated influenza-associated mortality rate was 13 (95% CI 10-16) per 100 000 among children <5 years and 88 (95% CI 79-98) per 100 000 among persons aged >60 years., Conclusions: We identified a substantial burden of influenza-associated deaths in Bangladesh suggesting that the introduction of prevention and control measures including seasonal vaccination should be considered by local public health decision-makers., (© 2017 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Using a hospital admission survey to estimate the burden of influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection in one province of Cambodia-methods used and lessons learned.
- Author
-
Stewart RJ, Ly S, Sar B, Ieng V, Heng S, Sim K, Machingaidze C, Roguski K, Dueger E, Moen A, Tsuyuoka R, and Iuliano AD
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Cambodia epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Sentinel Surveillance, Young Adult, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Influenza, Human complications, Influenza, Human epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Understanding the burden of influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is important for setting national influenza surveillance and vaccine priorities. Estimating influenza-associated SARI rates requires hospital-based surveillance data and a population-based denominator, which can be challenging to determine., Objectives: We present an application of the World Health Organization's recently developed manual (WHO Manual) including hospital admission survey (HAS) methods for estimating the burden of influenza-associated SARI, with lessons learned to help others calculate similar estimates., Methods: Using an existing SARI surveillance platform in Cambodia, we counted influenza-associated SARI cases during 2015 at one sentinel surveillance site in Svay Rieng Province. We applied WHO Manual-derived methods to count respiratory hospitalizations at all hospitals within the catchment area, where 95% of the sentinel site case-patients resided. We used HAS methods to adjust the district-level population denominator for the sentinel site and calculated the incidence rate of influenza-associated SARI by dividing the number of influenza-positive SARI infections by the adjusted population denominator and multiplying by 100 000. We extrapolated the rate to the provincial population to derive a case count for 2015. We evaluated data sources, detailed steps of implementation, and identified lessons learned., Results: We estimated an adjusted influenza-associated 2015 SARI rate of 13.5/100 000 persons for the catchment area of Svay Rieng Hospital and 77 influenza-associated SARI cases in Svay Rieng Province after extrapolation., Conclusions: Methods detailed in the WHO Manual and operationalized successfully in Cambodia can be used in other settings to estimate rates of influenza-associated SARI., (© 2018 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Update: Influenza Activity - United States and Worldwide, May 21-September 23, 2017.
- Author
-
Blanton L, Wentworth DE, Alabi N, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Barnes J, Brammer L, Burns E, Davis CT, Dugan VG, Fry AM, Garten R, Grohskopf LA, Gubareva L, Kniss K, Lindstrom S, Mustaquim D, Olsen SJ, Roguski K, Taylor C, Trock S, Xu X, Katz J, and Jernigan D
- Subjects
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Humans, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype genetics, Influenza B virus genetics, Seasons, United States epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Global Health statistics & numerical data, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza B virus isolation & purification, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Population Surveillance
- Abstract
During May 21-September 23, 2017,* the United States experienced low-level seasonal influenza virus activity; however, beginning in early September, CDC received reports of a small number of localized influenza outbreaks caused by influenza A(H3N2) viruses. In addition to influenza A(H3N2) viruses, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B viruses were detected during May-September worldwide and in the United States. Influenza B viruses predominated in the United States from late May through late June, and influenza A viruses predominated beginning in early July. The majority of the influenza viruses collected and received from the United States and other countries during that time have been characterized genetically or antigenically as being similar to the 2017 Southern Hemisphere and 2017-18 Northern Hemisphere cell-grown vaccine reference viruses; however, a smaller proportion of the circulating A(H3N2) viruses showed similarity to the egg-grown A(H3N2) vaccine reference virus which represents the A(H3N2) viruses used for the majority of vaccine production in the United States. Also, during May 21-September 23, 2017, CDC confirmed a total of 33 influenza variant virus
† infections; two were influenza A(H1N2) variant (H1N2v) viruses (Ohio) and 31 were influenza A(H3N2) variant (H3N2v) viruses (Delaware [1], Maryland [13], North Dakota [1], Pennsylvania [1], and Ohio [15]). An additional 18 specimens from Maryland have tested presumptive positive for H3v and further analysis is being conducted at CDC.- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Update: Increase in Human Infections with Novel Asian Lineage Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses During the Fifth Epidemic - China, October 1, 2016-August 7, 2017.
- Author
-
Kile JC, Ren R, Liu L, Greene CM, Roguski K, Iuliano AD, Jang Y, Jones J, Thor S, Song Y, Zhou S, Trock SC, Dugan V, Wentworth DE, Levine MZ, Uyeki TM, Katz JM, Jernigan DB, Olsen SJ, Fry AM, Azziz-Baumgartner E, and Davis CT
- Subjects
- Animals, China epidemiology, Humans, Influenza in Birds transmission, Influenza in Birds virology, Pandemics prevention & control, Poultry, Epidemics statistics & numerical data, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human virology, Population Surveillance
- Abstract
Among all influenza viruses assessed using CDC's Influenza Risk Assessment Tool (IRAT), the Asian lineage avian influenza A(H7N9) virus (Asian H7N9), first reported in China in March 2013,* is ranked as the influenza virus with the highest potential pandemic risk (1). During October 1, 2016-August 7, 2017, the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China; CDC, Taiwan; the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection; and the Macao CDC reported 759 human infections with Asian H7N9 viruses, including 281 deaths, to the World Health Organization (WHO), making this the largest of the five epidemics of Asian H7N9 infections that have occurred since 2013 (Figure 1). This report summarizes new viral and epidemiologic features identified during the fifth epidemic of Asian H7N9 in China and summarizes ongoing measures to enhance pandemic preparedness. Infections in humans and poultry were reported from most areas of China, including provinces bordering other countries, indicating extensive, ongoing geographic spread. The risk to the general public is very low and most human infections were, and continue to be, associated with poultry exposure, especially at live bird markets in mainland China. Throughout the first four epidemics of Asian H7N9 infections, only low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses were detected among human, poultry, and environmental specimens and samples. During the fifth epidemic, mutations were detected among some Asian H7N9 viruses, identifying the emergence of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses as well as viruses with reduced susceptibility to influenza antiviral medications recommended for treatment. Furthermore, the fifth-epidemic viruses diverged genetically into two separate lineages (Pearl River Delta lineage and Yangtze River Delta lineage), with Yangtze River Delta lineage viruses emerging as antigenically different compared with those from earlier epidemics. Because of its pandemic potential, candidate vaccine viruses (CVV) were produced in 2013 that have been used to make vaccines against Asian H7N9 viruses circulating at that time. CDC is working with partners to enhance surveillance for Asian H7N9 viruses in humans and poultry, to improve laboratory capability to detect and characterize H7N9 viruses, and to develop, test and distribute new CVV that could be used for vaccine production if a vaccine is needed.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Increase in Human Infections with Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus During the Fifth Epidemic - China, October 2016-February 2017.
- Author
-
Iuliano AD, Jang Y, Jones J, Davis CT, Wentworth DE, Uyeki TM, Roguski K, Thompson MG, Gubareva L, Fry AM, Burns E, Trock S, Zhou S, Katz JM, and Jernigan DB
- Subjects
- Animals, China epidemiology, Humans, Influenza in Birds transmission, Influenza, Human transmission, Occupational Diseases, Poultry, Risk Factors, Travel, Epidemics statistics & numerical data, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human virology
- Abstract
During March 2013-February 24, 2017, annual epidemics of avian influenza A(H7N9) in China resulted in 1,258 avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infections in humans being reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China and other regional sources (1). During the first four epidemics, 88% of patients developed pneumonia, 68% were admitted to an intensive care unit, and 41% died (2). Candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) were developed, and vaccine was manufactured based on representative viruses detected after the emergence of A(H7N9) virus in humans in 2013. During the ongoing fifth epidemic (beginning October 1, 2016),* 460 human infections with A(H7N9) virus have been reported, including 453 in mainland China, six associated with travel to mainland China from Hong Kong (four cases), Macao (one) and Taiwan (one), and one in an asymptomatic poultry worker in Macao (1). Although the clinical characteristics and risk factors for human infections do not appear to have changed (2,3), the reported human infections during the fifth epidemic represent a significant increase compared with the first four epidemics, which resulted in 135 (first epidemic), 320 (second), 226 (third), and 119 (fourth epidemic) human infections (2). Most human infections continue to result in severe respiratory illness and have been associated with poultry exposure. Although some limited human-to-human spread continues to be identified, no sustained human-to-human A(H7N9) transmission has been observed (2,3).
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Cross-sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS-CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012-2015.
- Author
-
Refaey S, Amin MM, Roguski K, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Uyeki TM, Labib M, and Kandeel A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Coronavirus Infections virology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human virology, Male, Middle Aged, Nasopharynx virology, Saudi Arabia epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Epidemiological Monitoring, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Islam, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus isolation & purification, Orthomyxoviridae isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: Approximately 80 000 Egyptians participate in Hajj pilgrimage annually. The purpose of this study was to estimate influenza virus and MERS-CoV prevalence among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj., Study: A cross-sectional survey among 3 364 returning Egyptian pilgrims from 2012 to 2015 was conducted. Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were collected from all participants. Sputum specimens were collected from participants with respiratory symptoms and productive cough at the time of their interview. Specimens were tested for influenza viruses, and a convenience sample of NP/OP specimens was tested for MERS-CoV. Thirty percent of participants met the case definition for influenza-like illness (ILI), 14% tested positive for influenza viruses, and none tested positive for MERS-CoV. Self-reported influenza vaccination was 20%., Conclusions: High prevalence of reported ILI during pilgrimage and confirmed influenza virus on return from pilgrimage suggest a continued need for influenza prevention strategies for Egyptian Hajj pilgrims. An evaluation of the Ministry of Health and Population's current risk communication campaigns to increase influenza vaccine use among pilgrims may help identify strategies to improve vaccine coverage., (© 2016 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Increased Number of Human Cases of Influenza Virus A(H5N1) Infection, Egypt, 2014-15.
- Author
-
Refaey S, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Amin MM, Fahim M, Roguski K, Elaziz HA, Iuliano AD, Salah N, Uyeki TM, Lindstrom S, Davis CT, Eid A, Genedy M, and Kandeel A
- Subjects
- Animals, Egypt epidemiology, Epidemics statistics & numerical data, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza in Birds transmission, Influenza, Human pathology, Influenza, Human transmission, Phylogeny, Poultry genetics, Poultry virology, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype pathogenicity, Influenza, Human epidemiology
- Abstract
During November 2014-April 2015, a total of 165 case-patients with influenza virus A(H5N1) infection, including 6 clusters and 51 deaths, were identified in Egypt. Among infected persons, 99% reported poultry exposure: 19% to ill poultry and 35% to dead poultry. Only 1 person reported wearing personal protective equipment while working with poultry.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The role of neuropeptides in the disturbed control of appetite and hormone secretion in eating disorders.
- Author
-
Baranowska B, Wolinska-Witort E, Wasilewska-Dziubinska E, Roguski K, Martynska L, and Chmielowska M
- Subjects
- Adult, Feedback, Physiological, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Human Growth Hormone metabolism, Humans, Hypertension metabolism, Leptin blood, Luteinizing Hormone metabolism, Neuropeptide Y blood, Somatostatin blood, beta-Endorphin blood, Anorexia Nervosa metabolism, Appetite physiology, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Neuropeptides blood, Obesity
- Abstract
Objective: It has been reported that neuropeptides may play a role in the control of appetite and in the mechanism of hormone release. Neuropeptides such as beta-endorphin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin and leptin may affect hormones release, on the other hand the hormonal status may modulate neuropeptide activity., Methods: The material consisted of 90 obese women, 30 women with Anorexia Nervosa, and 30 healthy, lean women of control group. Plasma beta-endorphin, NPY, leptin, somatostatin and serum pituitary and gonadal hormones concentrations were measured with RIA methods., Results: We observed the highest plasma NPY levels in obese hypertensive and diabetic patients. After carbohydrate administration (OGTT) a marked increase of insulin, beta-endorphin and NPY was found. The blunted response of GH to GH-RH may be connected with increased somatostatin activity and hyperinsulinemia. The abnormal response of LH to opioid blockade may be a result of disturbed opioid and NPY activities in obese patients. However in patients with anorexia nervosa, plasma leptin and NPY concentrations were low. The disturbances in beta-endorphin release are also observed., Conclusions: The neuroendocrine disturbances in obesity and in anorexia nervosa are opposite. The feedback mechanism between leptin and NPY is disturbed in both in obesity and in anorexia nervosa. An abnormal activity of neuropeptides may lead to disturbed control of appetite and hormonal dysregulation in eating disorders.
- Published
- 2003
32. The relationship between neuropeptides and hormones in starvation.
- Author
-
Baranowska B, Chmielowska M, Wolinska-Witort E, Roguski K, and Wasilewska-Dziubinska E
- Subjects
- Animals, Appetite Regulation drug effects, Appetite Regulation physiology, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Estradiol blood, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone blood, Galanin blood, Galanin pharmacology, Leptin analysis, Leptin pharmacology, Luteinizing Hormone blood, Neuropeptide Y blood, Neuropeptide Y pharmacology, Progesterone blood, Prolactin blood, Rats, Hormones blood, Neuropeptides blood, Starvation blood
- Abstract
Objectives: Some hormonal disturbances were demonstrated in starvation. Leptin, NPY and galanin play an important role in the control of appetite and in the mechanism of hormone release., Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of starvation on the relationship between leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) galanin and pituitary and gonadal hormones release, plasma leptin, NPY and galanin as well as serum LH, FSH, prolactin (PRL), estradiol, progesterone levels in non-starved female rats (in diestrus) and after 72 hrs of starvation were measured with RIA methods. Effects of leptin, NPY and galanin administration on pituitary and gonadal hormones were investigated in vivo and in vitro experiments., Results: Plasma leptin, NPY and galanin as well as serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations were significantly lower in starved rats as compared with non-starved rats. However serum prolactin level was significantly higher in starved rats. Opposite effects after leptin and NPY administration on hormone release in vivo and in vitro experiments were observed in non-starved rats. However, in starved rats we did not find changes in pituitary and gonadal hormones release after leptin, NPY and galanin injection or the hormonal response was blunted., Conclusions: 1) The disturbances in neuropeptides activity and in hormones release were observed in starvation. 2) Leptin, NPY and galanin have direct and indirect effects on pituitary and gonadal hormones release. 3) In starvation the hormonal response to leptin, NPY and galanin is impaired.
- Published
- 2001
33. Plasma leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin concentrations in bulimia nervosa and in anorexia nervosa.
- Author
-
Baranowska B, Wolinska-Witort E, Wasilewska-Dziubinska E, Roguski K, and Chmielowska M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Mass Index, Female, Humans, Reference Values, Anorexia Nervosa blood, Bulimia blood, Galanin blood, Leptin blood, Neuropeptide Y blood
- Abstract
Objectives: It has been reported that leptin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) play a role in the control of appetite and in the regulation of hormonal secretion., Methods: Plasma leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin concentrations were estimated in 13 women with bulimia nervosa (BN) 19 women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and in 19 healthy women of the control group (CG)., Results: Plasma leptin concentration in BN was significantly higher than that in AN and it was lower as compared with the control group, despite the same BMI (body mass index) in both the groups. Plasma leptin level in AN was significantly lower as compared with the controls. Plasma galanin concentrations in AN and BN did not differ significantly from the control group. Plasma NPY concentration in AN was lower than that in the control group. However, plasma NPY level in BN was significantly higher as compared with AN and with the control group (CG). The observed increase of NPY in BN was independent of BMI because BMI in bulimia nervosa was normal., Conclusions: The data may suggest that other factors than body weight changes may be involved in the modulation of leptin and NPY release in BN. The pathological behaviour of patients with bulimia nervosa may result from disturbed NPY release which is the strongest orexigenic factor.
- Published
- 2001
34. Leptin modulates the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) action on progesterone release from cultured rat granulosa cells.
- Author
-
Roguski K, Baranowska B, Chmielowska M, and Borowiec M
- Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and leptin (LEP) are two neuropeptides involved in the regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis and stress response. These neuropeptides play an important role in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, too. It is known that leptin can affect the synthesis and release of CRH in the hypothalamus. There is no information about interactions between CRH and leptin directly in gonads. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of leptin and CRH on progesterone (P4) release from cultured rat granulosa cells obtained from mature rats in diestrus. METHODS: Granulosa cell cultures were maintained with CRH, LEP, CRH + LEP and CRH-antagonist in varying concentrations. P4 supernatant concentrations were determined by RIA method. RESULTS: CRH stimulated P4 release, CRH-antagonist had no effect on P4 release alone but inhibited the CRH-stimulated P4 release, and the effect of leptin depended on concentration and on time of incubation. CONCLUSION: Our results show that leptin, beside its own influence, may effect on ovarian steroidogenesis through its interaction with effects of CRH activity. This is a new additional link between the stress response, body weight and reproductive functions.
- Published
- 2000
35. Effects of growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) on progesterone and estradiol release from cultured rat granulosa cells.
- Author
-
Baranowska B, Chmielowska M, Borowiec M, Roguski K, and Wasilewska-Dziubinska E
- Abstract
OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that GHRH-GH-IGF-1 system plays an important role in the regulation of ovarian follicular development and maturation. METHODS: In order to evaluate the direct effects of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone (GH) on steroidogenesis, the effects of GHRH and GH on progesterone and estradiol release from cultured rat granulosa cells were examined. The progesterone and estradiol in supernatants were measured with RIA methods. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the addition of GH to the culture medium produced a marked stimulation of progesterone and estradiol. The stimulating effects were observed after administration of GH in all concentrations: 1, 10, 100 nM during 60 and 120 mins of incubation. During 240 mins of incubation the minimal stimulation of progesterone and estradiol was found. However, GHRH administered in 1, 10 and 100 nM did not change progesterone and estradiol release from cultured granulosa cells. CONCLUSION: Growth hormone (GH) but not GHRH has direct stimulating effects on progesterone release from cultured rat granulosa cells.
- Published
- 2000
36. New analogs of somatostatin: inhibiting effectively GH, glucagon and insulin levels.
- Author
-
Baranowska B, Radzikowska M, Wasilewska-Dziubinska E, Plonowski A, Roguski K, Legowska A, and Przybylski J
- Abstract
The in vivo effects of three new analogs of somatostatin (ASS-51, ASS-52 and ASS-53 analogs) on GH, insulin and glucagon were studied in WKY rats. The solid phase method was used for the synthesis of ASS. Octreotide and ASS were given iv. in a dose of 0.05 &mgr;g/kg per animal in a time-dependent manner. ASS-52 and ASS-53 were longer acting and more potent somatostatin analogs when compared to octreotide in producing the inhibition of GH. ASS-51 was found to be the most potent and selective inhibitor of insulin and glucagon release. Our results show that the increased inhibitory effect and the higher selectivity of the new somatostatin analogs may result from the differences in their chemical structure. ASS-52 is most active in inhibiting GH release. The mechanism by which ASS-52 inhibits preferentially GH release may involve the opioid system and the activation of GABA-ergic receptors. In studies in vitro ASS-52 inhibited GH release from pituitary cells" culture.
- Published
- 1999
37. Effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on pituitary hormone release and on ovarian steroidogenesis.
- Author
-
Baranowska B, Chmielowska M, Radzikowska M, Borowiec M, Roguski K, and Wasilewska-Dziubinska E
- Abstract
Ovarian folliculogenesis is regulated by the gonadotrophins, but in recent years other peptides have been found to serve as local regulators of ovarian function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of NPY, galanin and VIP on pituitary and gonadal hormone release. Effects of NPY, galanin and VIP on progesterone, estradiol production by cultured rat granulosa and effects of these peptides on pituitary hormone release by cultured pituitary cells were examined according to methods previously described. Maximal effects of NPY, galanin and VIP on pituitary hormone release and on gonadal steroids were observed after administration of 10 nM of these peptides during 60 mins incubation. VIP and NPY, but not galanin, stimulated PRL release from cultured pituitary cells. VIP increased also LH release whenever NPY and galanin did not change LH release from pituitary cells. Galanin, but not NPY and VIP, leads to an increase of GH production. VIP, NPY and galanin did not change TSH and FSH release. NPY, galanin and VIP markedly stimulated progesterone release from cultured granulosa cells. NPY, galanin and VIP did not change estradiol and testosterone release. Conclusions. Direct effects of NPY, galanin and VIP on pituitary hormone release may indicate their role in the mechanism of pituitary hormone release. A marked increase of progesterone from cultured granulosa cells after VIP, NPY and galanin suggests that these peptides may be involved in the local ovarian steroidogenesis.
- Published
- 1999
38. Impaired response of atrial natriuretic peptide to acute water load in obesity and in anorexia nervosa.
- Author
-
Baranowska B, Wasilewska-Dziubińska E, Radzikowska M, Płonowski A, and Roguski K
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Weight, Clonidine administration & dosage, Female, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Middle Aged, Sodium Chloride administration & dosage, Water administration & dosage, Anorexia Nervosa metabolism, Atrial Natriuretic Factor blood, Obesity metabolism, Water metabolism
- Abstract
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations were determined in basal conditions and after infusion of 1000 ml of 0.9% NaCl in women with anorexia nervosa, in normotensive obese women and in healthy women of the control group. Additionally, in the obese women and in the controls, plasma ANP was measured after iv injection of clonidine. Anorectic patients were investigated in the period of weight loss (mean deficit of body weight was 40%). The mean body mass index (BMI) in the obese women was 36.44 +/- 0.36 kg/m2. Basal plasma ANP concentrations were significantly higher in both anorectic and obese women (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The response of ANP to acute water load was markedly blunted in anorexia nervosa and in obesity (delta % = 232% in control group, 14% in anorexia nervosa and 21% in obesity. A significant increase of ANP was found after iv injection of clonidine in the control group and in obesity (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, the increase of response (expressed as a percentage change) in obese patients was lower than that in the control group (delta % = 64% and 199%, respectively). The response of ANP to alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation was higher than to hemodynamic stimulus. Our results suggest that the disturbed control of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters as well as changes in peripheral metabolism may explain the impaired responsibility of ANP to hemodynamic stimuli in anorectic and obese patients.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.