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Abstract Background Iron overload is a major problem in beta thalassemia patients due to repeated blood transfusions. The liver is the first organ to be loaded with iron. An accurate assessment of iron overload is necessary for managing iron chelation therapy in such patients. Iron quantification by MRI scores over liver biopsy due to its non-invasive nature. Methods Fifty-one patients with thalassemia major were subjected to 3.0-T MRI. Multiecho T2* sequence was used to cover the entire liver. Region of interest (ROI) was placed in three areas with maximum signal change, and an average T2* value was obtained. Similarly, a single ROI was placed at the mid-interventricular septum in the heart, and T2* value was obtained. T2* values so obtained were converted to iron concentration with the help of a T2* iron concentration calculator. The liver iron values were correlated with serum ferritin value. Results There was a significant negative correlation between liver iron concentration (LIC) and T2* value of the liver (r = − 0.895, p

Byline: Varun. Aggarwal, Seema. Rohilla, Ishwar. Singh, Vardan. Pandey, Gopal. Krishna Background: Both early surgery and delayed surgery of ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with intracerebral hemorrhages have their own advantages [...]

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is altered in many conditions like normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), aqueduct stenosis, or Chiari malformation. It is very important to know the normal CSF flow parameters for properly diagnosing these conditions. No data on CSF flow parameters of the Indian population are available. Hence, this study was undertaken to generate normative CSF flow parameters in the Indian population. Aim Our aim was to estimate normal CSF flow parameters across the cerebral aqueduct in Indian subjects over 40 years of age. Settings and Design This observational study was done in the tertiary care institute on subjects undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for indications like headache and having normal MRI. Methods Phase-contrast quantitative flow sequence was done in 100 subjects perpendicular to the cerebral aqueduct on 3.0T MRI (Discovery 750w with GEM suit, GE, Milwaukee, WI, United States) using a dedicated 32-channel head coil with 10 cm/s velocity encoding. The region of interest was kept at the cerebral aqueduct in cross-section. The inbuilt software calculated flow-time and velocity-time graphs and calculated peak systolic velocity (PSV), peak diastolic velocity (PDV), systolic flow (SF), and diastolic flow (DF). Stroke volume (SV) was calculated by averaging systolic and DFs. p -Value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Mean age was 53.72 ± 10.53 (40–78) years with 41 males and 59 females. PSV, PDV, SF, DF, and SV all showed a significant linear correlation with age with p -values of 0.001, 0.004, 0.009, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively. Only PDV (p = 0.035) and DF (p = 0.045) varied significantly with sex, values being higher in males. Conclusion All five CSF flow parameters studied vary positively with age, and this variation is linear. Normal decadal median values calculated for these parameters can act as baseline values for the local population and help in defining conditions like NPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Seema. Rohilla, Aditya. Duhan, Kiran. Bala, Jaya. Kaushik Background: The current study was conducted to describe the findings of brain perfusion, hippocampal volumetric, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in children [...]

Aim: The aim of this article is to describe the hippocampal characteristics among children with calcified neurocysticercosis (cNCC). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among children with epilepsy aged 3-14 years diagnosed with cNCC. Patients showing evidence of cNCC, with prior serial imaging evidence of active NCC, were enrolled. Eligible participants were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based protocol and sleep-deprived electroencephalography. Hippocampal characteristics on the MRI were described. Results: A total of 31 children with mean (SD) age of 10.3 (3.2) years with cNCC were enrolled in the study. We observed that 42% (13/31) of children with cNCC had borderline (10-20% difference in the volumes of right and left hippocampi) (n = 8) or clear (>20% difference) (n = 5) hippocampal atrophy. Among 31 children with cNCC, 27 (87.1%) had nidus within the lesion and 21 (67.7%) had perilesional gliosis. Conclusion: Children with cNCC are at risk of seizure recurrence on tapering anti-seizure medications. Our study with limited sample size revealed that hippocampal atrophy and perilesional gliosis are prevalent among children with cNCC, predisposing them to the risk of epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To correlate the Magnetic Resonance Imaging findings and clinical presentation in patients of eclampsia. Materials and methods: This one year prospective study was conducted in the HDU of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PT.B.D.Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak. A total of 50 women with eclampsia (both antepartum and postpartum) were divided into two groups: a) study group patients with abnormal MRI b) control group: b) control group: patients with normal MRI.Comparison was done using chi-square test and unpaired student 't' test. Results: MRI revealed abnormal findings in 24% of women, commonest diagnosis being CVT without infarct (10%) followed by infarct (8%), PRES (4%) and HLE (2%).Totally 66% (n = 33) of the women presented with postpartum eclampsia while 34% (n = 17) had antepartum eclampsia.96%(n = 48) were unbooked cases. Unconsciousness, altered sensorium, headache, blurring of vision, seizures, GCS < 3 correlated well with MRI findings (p = 0.000, p = 0.027, p = 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.005, p = 0.000 respectively) whereas fundoscopic changes did not (p = 0.520). The mean uric acid and serum creatinine levels was higher (0.41 ± 0.11 mmol/L vs 0.26 ± 0.10 mmol/L and 80 ± 18 μmol/L vs 71 ± 9 μmol/L) in the study group and this was statistically significant (p = 0.003, p = 0.04 respectively).There was no statistically significant difference between blood pressure values of cases with or without MR imaging evidence of brain lesions. There was no maternal mortality among 50 cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of neurological findings for abnormal MRI in patients with eclampsia was found to be 91.7%, 73.7%, 52.4%, 96.6% respectively. Conclusion: Unconsciousness, altered sensorium, headache, blurring of vision, seizures, GCS < 3, elevated uric acid and serum creatinine levels in the follow-up of pregnant patients with preeclampsia/eclampsia should be a warning for possible brain lesions whereas booking status, mean BP, fundoscopy, platelet, hemoglobin, liver enzymes were not significantly associated with positive MRI findings in patients of eclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]