178 results on '"Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A."'
Search Results
2. Changes in lactate concentration are accompanied by opposite changes in the pattern of fat oxidation: Dose–response relationship.
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Benítez‐Muñoz, José Antonio, Guisado‐Cuadrado, Isabel, Rojo‐Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Alcocer‐Ayuga, María, Romero‐Parra, Nuria, Peinado, Ana Belén, and Cupeiro, Rocío
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OXIDATION-reduction reaction ,DIETARY patterns ,RESEARCH funding ,DIETARY fats ,FEVER ,ENERGY metabolism ,DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry ,HEAT ,LACTATES ,GLYCOGEN ,EXERCISE tests ,CALORIMETRY ,FATTY acids - Abstract
It is unknown whether changes in lactate concentration produced by different situations (e.g., glycogen depletion or heat) modify fat oxidation. If confirmed, we could determine a dose–response relationship between lactate and fat. The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in lactate concentration (due to glycogen depletion or heat) alter fat oxidation during exercise. 11 males and eight females performed an incremental exercise test under three situations: control, glycogen depletion, and heat. At rest, in the last minute of each step and immediately post‐exhaustion, lactate was analyzed and fat oxidation was estimated by indirect calorimetry. Lactate concentration was inversely associated with fat oxidation in the three aforementioned situations (r > 0.88 and p < 0.05). The highest lactate concentration was found in the heat situation, followed by the control situation, and finally the glycogen depletion situation (all p < 0.05). The opposite was found for fat oxidation, with the highest fat oxidation found in the glycogen depletion situation, followed by the control situation, and finally the heat situation (all p < 0.05). There is no association between the changes in lactate concentration between situations at each intensity and the changes in fat oxidation between situations at each intensity in males or females (p > 0.05). In conclusion, lactatemia is strongly and inversely associated with fat oxidation under the three different situations. Furthermore, the lowest lactate concentrations were accompanied by the highest fat oxidations in the glycogen depletion situation, whereas the highest lactate concentrations were accompanied by the lowest fat oxidations in the heat situation. Highlights: It was found that a very strong inverse association between lactatemia and fat oxidation in females and males despite changes in both substrates between situations. Hence, assessing blood lactate alone could be an effective way to indirectly assess fat oxidation when the situation is the same. Importantly, lactate‐fat relationship is different between situations, indicating to extrapolate fat oxidation from lactate, or vice versa, this relationship needs to be previously determined in each specific situation.Since the same blood lactate concentration does not imply the same fat oxidation in different situations, a fixed blood lactate concentration may not reflect the same metabolic response, even in the same individual, if he/she is exposed to different situations.Changes in lactate kinetics, due to heat or glycogen depletion, are accompanied by opposite changes in the fat oxidation pattern. However, changes in blood lactate concentration between situations at each intensity are not associated with changes in the fat oxidation between situations at each intensity. Therefore, these results suggest an absence of a dose–response relationship between both variables indicating that lactate may not be a major regulatory factor of changes in fat oxidation across different situations during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Exploring factors of adherence to weight loss interventions in population with overweight/obesity: an umbrella review.
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Wang, Deng, Benito, Pedro J., Rubio‐Arias, Jacobo Á., Ramos‐Campo, Domingo J., and Rojo‐Tirado, Miguel A.
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WEIGHT loss ,PHYSICAL activity ,DRUG therapy ,RESEARCH personnel ,DATABASE searching - Abstract
Summary: Adherence is key for achieving the optimal benefits from a weight loss intervention. Despite the number of studies on factors that promote adherence, their findings suggest inconsistent and fragmented evidence. The aim of this study was to review the existing factors of adherence to weight loss interventions and to find factors that facilitate the design of effective intervention programs. Six databases were searched for this umbrella review; after the screening process, 21 studies were included. A total of 47 factors were identified in six groups as relevant for adherence: (i) sociodemographic (n = 7), (ii) physical activity (n = 2), (iii) dietary (n = 8), (iv) behavioral (n = 4), (v) pharmacological (n = 3), and (vi) multi‐intervention (n = 23). In addition, a map of adherence factors was created. The main findings are that with respect to demographic factors, the development of personalized intervention strategies based on the characteristics of specific populations is encouraged. Moreover, self‐monitoring has been shown to be effective in behavioral, dietary, and multi‐interventions, while technology has shown potential in dietary, behavioral, and multi‐interventions. In addition, multi‐interventions are adherence‐promoting strategies, although more evidence is required on adherence to pharmacological interventions. Overall, the factor map can be controlled and modified by researchers and practitioners to improve adherence to weight loss interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Efficacy of Split Versus Full-Body Resistance Training on Strength and Muscle Growth: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
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Ramos-Campo, Domingo J., primary, Benito-Peinado, Pedro J., additional, Andreu-Caravaca, Luis, additional, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., additional, and Rubio-Arias, Jacobo Á., additional
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- 2024
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5. Propuesta de entrenamiento para una persona con hernia discal lumbar
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Peregrina Escolar, Sofía, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Cuende Moure, Ana, Peregrina Escolar, Sofía, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Cuende Moure, Ana
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Introducción: Casi el 80% de la población general sufre al menos una vez a lo largo de su vida dolor lumbar. La lumbalgia crónica puede afectar a la calidad de vida y funcionabilidad si no se trata adecuadamente. En este trabajo se estudiarán en profundidad las particularidades y características de la hernia discal y cómo puede contribuir el tratamiento basado en el ejercicio físico a la mejora de la misma. Material y métodos: Se revisaron varias bases de datos como “Pubmed” “GoogleSchoolar”, “IngenioUPM” y “Web of Science” y se reunió la información necesaria con el objetivo de elaborar un plan de entrenamiento para una persona de 50 años con esta patología. La propuesta tiene una duración de 12 semanas, basada en ejercicios de estabilización central y fortalecimiento de los músculos de la cadera. Resultados: Los resultados esperados tras 12 semanas de entrenamiento son mejorar la calidad de vida y disminuir el dolor, especialmente en el trabajo. Debido a la adquisición de nuevos hábitos de entrenamiento y el cumplimiento del programa completo, se anticipa un fortalecimiento muscular y una mejora en la flexibilidad, especialmente en la espalda. Conclusión: Desarrollar un programa de entrenamiento específico para esta patología es complejo debido a los factores individuales a considerar y la imposibilidad de probar la carga de entrenamiento para ajustarlo adecuadamente. Realizar 3 sesiones de prueba resultó beneficioso para evaluar la efectividad y comodidad de los ejercicios. Los resultados positivos y la actitud favorable del sujeto indican la viabilidad del programa propuesto. Sin embargo, se requiere mejorar la planificación de cargas y la selección de pruebas para asegurar la eficacia continua del entrenamiento.
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- 2024
6. Protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza para un paciente con dolor lumbar crónico de origen inespecífico: estudio de caso
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, San Juan Ferrer, Alejandro, Martínez Cuesta, Álvaro, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, San Juan Ferrer, Alejandro, and Martínez Cuesta, Álvaro
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El dolor lumbar crónico es una afección extendida por todo el mundo y que casi todas las personas padecen en algún momento de sus vidas. Además, no tiene una causa concreta por ejemplo por un dolor provocado por alguna patología, sino que un gran porcentaje lo padece con origen inespecífico. En este trabajo vamos a definir qué es un dolor lumbar crónico y se ofrecerá información de a cuántas personas afecta. Mi objetivo principal en este trabajo es diseñar, implementar, y evaluar la efectividad de un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza focalizado en la musculatura profunda de la espalda, musculatura extensora y estabilizadora de la cadera, y musculatura abdominal, en la reducción o eliminación del dolor lumbar crónico de origen inespecífico en un estudio de caso. El material que se ha utilizado ha sido material de gimnasio en el caso de que se haya precisado, y el método de trabajo ha sido la propuesta de un programa de entrenamiento de 18 semanas, dividido entre 2 y 3 sesiones semanales, donde se ha realizado un trabajo de movilidad, control motor y fuerza. Tras las 18 semanas de intervención, el resultado ha sido favorable, observándose una disminución de dolor percibida por el mismo, reflejada y comprobada por los test que se repitieron post intervención, así como una mejora de la capacidad-movilidad funcional (muscular) del paciente. Por todo ello, podemos concluir que un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza de al menos 14 semanas de intervención, pautado y controlado por un profesional para garantizar una correcta ejecución y control motor puede reducir el dolor lumbar crónico de origen inespecífico.
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- 2024
7. Plan de recuperación muscular para corredores populares de larga distancia
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Abella González, Teresa, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Abella González, Teresa
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Introducción: El descanso es un factor muy importante dentro del entrenamiento y que no siempre se toma en cuenta como se debería. Para llevar a cabo una buena recuperación existen diferentes métodos, entre los que se encuentran el foam rolling, la crioterapia, la presoterapia y la recuperación activa. Estos métodos tienen como beneficios una mejora de la recuperación muscular, reducción del dolor muscular, mejora de la circulación sanguínea, etc. que influyen en la disminución del número de lesiones y en una mejora del rendimiento. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta propuesta es realizar un plan de recuperación muscular dentro de una planificación de tres meses de entrenamientos para corredores populares de larga distancia, y analizar los resultados para contrastar la eficacia de los métodos utilizados. Material y métodos: Para cumplir los objetivos, se utilizará una muestra de 32 corredores de un club de atletismo de Madrid, de los cuales 16 utilizarán los métodos de recuperación, mientras que los otros 16 restantes solo realizarán los controles de fatiga para comparar los resultados entre ambos grupos. Resultados: Al ser una propuesta teórica, los resultados esperados son una reducción del tiempo de recuperación muscular tras el ejercicio, una mejora del rendimiento y una reducción del riesgo de lesión de los participantes. Conclusiones: En conclusión, esta propuesta permitiría reducir la fatiga de los corredores y mejorar su rendimiento, provocando una mejora en el bienestar de los deportistas.
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- 2024
8. Los efectos del ejercicio en la corrección de cifosis dorsal
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Melguizo Herranz, David, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Melguizo Herranz, David
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Introducción: Hoy en día un gran porcentaje de la población sufre de algún tipo de desviación de columna en cierto grado. En este trabajo de fin de grado se valorará la aplicación de un programa de entrenamiento para reducir o corregir en cierta medida una de las desviaciones de columna vertebral más comunes a nivel mundial, la cifosis dorsal. Objetivos: El principal objetivo de este trabajo de fin de grado es reducir la cifosis dorsal en una persona adulta a través de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza, flexibilidad y movilidad articular de las articulaciones más implicadas en un periodo de diez semanas bajo la supervisión del entrenador. Métodos: El entrenamiento consta de ejercicios de fuerza, flexibilidad y movilidad articular, con una frecuencia de cuatro sesiones por semana. La intensidad de los ejercicios va aumentando progresivamente a medida que avanzan las semanas, iniciando con una intensidad del 30-40% en la primera semana y finalizando con un 80% de intensidad en la semana 10. Resultados: Reducción de los ángulos de desviación de la columna dorsal y cervical, desaparición de dolores en las regiones cervicales y torácicas de la parte superior, mejora de la calidad de vida, mejora de la flexibilidad, gran mejora de movilidad articular a nivel general y de la fuerza de los músculos extensores de la columna dorsal, cervical y lumbar. Conclusiones: Al igual que en otras intervenciones realizadas por diversos autores, en este trabajo de fin de grado se demuestra que un programa de entrenamiento enfocado en ejercicios de fuerza, flexibilidad y movilidad articular durante diez semanas tiene un efecto positivo en la corrección de cifosis dorsal en una persona adulta.
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- 2024
9. Sex-related differences in the load-velocity and load-power relationships of the decline bench press exercise.
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Valdés-Álvarez, Agustín, Nieto-Acevedo, Raúl, and Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Ángel
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SKELETAL muscle physiology ,STATISTICAL correlation ,EXERCISE ,SEX distribution ,EXERCISE therapy ,EXERCISE intensity ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESISTANCE training ,MUSCLE strength ,RESEARCH methodology ,RESEARCH ,WEIGHT lifting ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the load-velocity and load-power relationships of the decline bench press exercise (DBPE) and to compare sex-related differences. Twelve young healthy men and women performed a progressive loading test for the determination of 1RM strength and individual load-velocity and load-power relationship in the DBPE. A very close relationship between mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and %1RM was observed (R
2 = 0.94). This relationship improved when plotting data separately by sex (R2 = 0.96–97). Individual load-velocity profiles gave an R2 = 0.99 ± 0.01. The relationship between mean propulsive power (MPP) and %1RM was R2 = 0.23. When separating data by sex, R2 = 0.64–73 were obtained. Individual load-power profiles gave an R2 of 0.93 ± 0.07. Significant sex-related differences were found for MPV, with males having faster velocities than females from 30% to 40% 1RM (p = 0.01) and for MPP, with males having greater MPP (W) than females from 30% to 95% 1RM (p < 0.001). The results of this study show that a strong correlation exists between relative load and MPV/MPP in the DBPE, allowing the possibility of using one to predict the other with great precision, especially when a sex-specific equation is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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10. Effect of induced alkalosis on performance during a field-simulated BMX cycling competition
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Peinado, Ana B., Holgado, Darías, Luque-Casado, Antonio, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., Sanabria, Daniel, González, Coral, Mateo-March, Manuel, Sánchez-Muñoz, Cristóbal, Calderón, Francisco J., and Zabala, Mikel
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- 2019
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11. Do You Want to Increase Physical Activity in Adolescents? A School-Based Physical Activity Program Could Be an Efficient Way
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Polo-Recuero, Beatriz, primary, Ordóñez-Dios, Alfonso, additional, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Ángel, additional, and Lorenzo, Alberto, additional
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- 2023
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12. Do You Want to Increase Physical Activity in Adolescents? A School-Based Physical Activity Program Could Be an Efficient Way
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Polo Recuero, Beatriz, Ordóñez Dios, Alfonso Francisco, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Lorenzo Calvo, Alberto, Polo Recuero, Beatriz, Ordóñez Dios, Alfonso Francisco, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, and Lorenzo Calvo, Alberto
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The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a classroom-based physical activity program, using bike desks, on academic and physical performance in adolescents. The Program to Enhance and Develop Active Lessons (PEDAL) was designed for this purpose, expecting an increase in students’ physical activity without any decrease in academic performance. This intervention based on pedal or bike desks—stationary bikes that integrate with a desk workspace—was conducted with 55 high- school students who were randomly assigned to two groups: a PEDAL group (n = 28, 14.86 ± 0.65 years old, 46.4% girls) and a control group (n = 27, 15 ± 0.68 years old, 51.9% girls). Throughout the intervention, the PEDAL students pedaled 4 days a week for 10 weeks during their Spanish-language arts lessons. The comparisons between the PEDAL group and the control group, as well as the pre- and post-test results, were statistically analyzed to verify the students’ physical activity (i.e., IPAQ-SF, heart rate monitors, polar OH1+), cardiorespiratory capacity (20 m shuttle run test), and academic performance (d2 test of attention and language proficiency test). Regarding the physical aspect, only the PEDAL group showed significant growth in their physical activity levels as compared to the pre-test data (p = 0.001), and they achieved higher results compared with the control group (p = 0.022) and less sedentary time than control students (p = 0.012). Concerning cardiorespiratory fitness, there were no post-test differences between the two groups (p = 0.697), probably because the physical activity performed with the bike desks was light–moderate. As far as academic performance is concerned, no significant post-test effects were discovered in either group on the levels of language competence (p = 0.48), attention (TOT, p = 0.432), and concentration (CON, p = 0.216). In conclusion, adolescents who move while learning, using bike desks, increase their light and moderate physical activity without any
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- 2023
13. El efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza y cardiovascular sobre un sujeto sedentario con patologías crónicas
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Plaza Ramírez, Carlos, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Plaza Ramírez, Carlos
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Una de las patologías crónicas que mayor número de personas padecen en el mundo, son la diabetes tipo 2 y la hipertensión. Se estima que 537 y 1280 millones de personas en el mundo sufren diabetes tipo 2 e hipertensión respectivamente. En este estudio, se ha realizado una intervención con un hombre sedentario de 52 años, el cual padece estas dos patologías crónicas. En esta intervención se ha programado entrenamiento de fuerza y cardiovascular con una duración de 9 semanas, más 4 semanas extras. Las variables que se han medido han sido PA en ayunas y reposo, HbA1c, glucemia postprandial, VO2max, fuerza del tren inferior y fuerza del tren superior. Tras la intervención, el participante ha conseguido reducir 10 mmHg PA sistólica y 20 mmHg PA diastólica, su HbA1c solo se ha aumentado 0,4% teniendo en cuenta el contexto del sujeto con la retirada y reducción considerable de un fármaco que reducía en gran medida su glucosa en sangre durante la intervención, ha reducido la glucemia postprandial 48 mg/Dl en el desayuno y 30 mg/Dl en la comida, ha mejorado su VO2max con un aumento de 23 ml/kg/min, ha aumentado la fuerza del tren inferior a través de la medición de dicha capacidad con el test chair stand y ha conseguido aumentar su fuerza del tren superior medido a través de test específicos de empuje vertical unilateral y tracción horizontal unilateral. Los objetivos y datos obtenidos muestran que el sujeto ha conseguido mejorar notablemente en casi todas las variables medidas, ya que en el caso de la HbA1c si nos centramos exclusivamente en los datos, el participante no ha conseguido mejorar. Pero teniendo en cuenta el contexto, la interacción de un fármaco y la evidencia científica, efectivamente el sujeto también ha conseguido mejorar en esta variable.
- Published
- 2023
14. Efecto de un programa de entrenamiento multicomponente con una intervención nutricional sobre la capacidad funcional y la composición corporal en adultos mayores con obesidad: un estudio de caso
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Payá Ricote, Santiago, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Payá Ricote, Santiago
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Fundamentación: La reducción de la función y cantidad de masa muscular, junto con el aumento del porcentaje de grasa corporal que ocurre por el envejecimiento y la inactividad física se han relacionado con un incremento de la discapacidad, la fragilidad y el aumento del riesgo de hospitalización y muerte en adultos mayores. El entrenamiento multicomponente se ha identificado como una intervención efectiva para la reducción del porcentaje de grasa corporal, la mejora de la función de la masa muscular y la prevención de la sarcopenia en esta población. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento multicomponente, combinando entrenamiento de fuerza, cardiovascular, equilibrio y flexibilidad junto con una intervención nutricional sobre la capacidad funcional y composición corporal en adultos mayores. Método: Se trata de un estudio de caso de 12 semanas en el que se realizó el programa de entrenamiento de forma telemática, valorando la capacidad funcional al inicio, a las 6 semanas y al final de la intervención. Resultados: Los resultados del trabajo indican que un programa de entrenamiento de 12 semanas en el que se combine fuerza, trabajo cardiovascular, de equilibrio y flexibilidad, junto con una intervención nutricional mejora significativamente todas las variables medidas (peso, porcentaje de grasa, cantidad de masa muscular, fuerza de tren inferior, equilibrio y flexibilidad, velocidad de marcha etc.). Conclusiones: El programa de entrenamiento fue efectivo para la mejora de la composición corporal, la fuerza y potencia muscular y la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores. Estos hallazgos pueden tener implicaciones importantes en la prevención y tratamiento de la sarcopenia en este grupo de población y la reducción del porcentaje de grasa.
- Published
- 2023
15. Impacto de la práctica de crossfit en el suelo pélvico: revisión sistemática y propuesta de ejercicio
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Rodríguez Faggionato, Mónica, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Rodríguez Faggionato, Mónica
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Introducción: El CrossFit es una modalidad deportiva que incluye ejercicios de alta intensidad e impacto, movimientos gimnásticos y levantamientos de peso, cuya práctica se ha popularizado masivamente en los últimos años. Sin embargo, el ejercicio de alto impacto ha sido asociado con sintomatología de disfunción de suelo pélvico (DSP) como incontinencia urinaria o fecal (IU e IF). Por tanto, los objetivos de este trabajo fueron realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para conocer la prevalencia de DSP en practicantes de CrossFit y examinar si esta modalidad deportiva es más proclive que otras a producirlo, además de formular una propuesta de entrenamiento para recuperar la DSP. Métodos: Siguiendo la metodología PRISMA (Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas que arrojó un total de 53 estudios, de los cuales, 14 fueron seleccionados para su revisión. Resultados: En mujeres practicantes de CrossFit, la IU parece oscilar entre 26% y 48%, referida principalmente (80%) al ejercicio (IUE). La prevalencia de IF oscila fue del 6% -53%. El CrossFit provocó una mayor IUE que el kickboxing y bootcamp (p=0.023), que el ejercicio aeróbico (p=0.003), que la ausencia de práctica de CrossFit (p<0.001), y que el sedentarismo (p<0.001). Correr provocó mayor IF que practicar CrossFit (p<0.001). Por último, no se observaron diferencias en la presión intraabdominal y en la fuerza de contracción del suelo pélvico entre mujeres practicantes de CrossFit y mujeres practicantes de ejercicio ligero o mujeres sedentarias (p>0.05). Conclusiones: La práctica de CrossFit parece generar una moderada prevalencia de IUE e IF. La IUE parece ser mayor con el CrossFit que con otras modalidades deportivas, aunque la fuerza de contracción del suelo pélvico no es diferente a pesar de ello. Se necesita que futuros estudios clarifiquen estos hallazgos delimitando de forma más clara los instrumentos de e
- Published
- 2023
16. Influencia de la actividad física en la prevención y el tratamiento de pacientes con leucemia linfoblástica aguda
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Mendoza Sánchez, Sara, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Mendoza Sánchez, Sara
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Resumen: Los pacientes con leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) tienen efectos negativos durante y después del tratamiento, en su función motora y en su calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido comprobar los beneficios del ejercicio físico mediante un caso práctico observando su evolución en las diferentes pruebas físicas. Métodos: Se ha realizado una búsqueda profunda sobre la literatura en diferentes bases de datos, asociaciones y portales de salud. Se ha hecho un seguimiento de un programa de ejercicio físico a un paciente con leucemia linfoblástica aguda en la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer. Resultados: El participante es un paciente de la AECC del cual se han extraído los resultados de las pruebas físicas realizadas al principio y al final del programa de ejercicio físico. Estos han respaldado que el ejercicio físico ayuda a disminuir la fatiga, a mejorar la fuerza, capacidad aeróbica y a mejorar su estado de ánimo. Conclusiones: El ejercicio físico que combina fuerza y resistencia aparecen recomendados en la literatura científica encontrada y se demuestra la efectividad de este, en el seguimiento del paciente oncológico. El conocimiento sobre la leucemia y los diferentes tipos de cáncer en su desarrollo, permitirán personalizar sus indicaciones y su tratamiento físico.
- Published
- 2023
17. Effect of Menstrual Cycle Phase on the Recovery Process of High-Intensity Interval Exercise—A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
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Benito, Pedro J., primary, Alfaro-Magallanes, Víctor M., additional, Rael, Beatriz, additional, Castro, Eliane A., additional, Romero-Parra, Nuria, additional, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., additional, and Peinado, Ana B., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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18. Indirect Markers of Muscle Damage Throughout the Menstrual Cycle.
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Romero-Parra, Nuria, Alfaro-Magallanes, Victor Manuel, Rael, Beatriz, Cupeiro, Rocío, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., Benito, Pedro J., and Peinado, Ana B.
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BIOMARKERS ,EXERCISE ,SEX hormones ,RANGE of motion of joints ,JUMPING ,MENSTRUAL cycle ,MUSCLE contraction ,MYALGIA ,BODY movement ,EXERCISE intensity ,SKELETAL muscle ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESISTANCE training - Abstract
Context: The indirect markers of muscle damage have been previously studied in females. However, inconclusive results have been found, possibly explained by the heterogeneity regarding monitoring and verification of menstrual-cycle phase. Purpose: To determine whether the fluctuations in sex hormones during the menstrual cycle influence muscle damage. Methods: A total of 19 well-trained eumenorrheic women (age 28.6 [5.9] y; height 163.4 [6.1] cm; weight 59.6 [5.8] kg body mass) performed an eccentric-based resistance protocol consisting of 10 × 10 back squats at 60% of their 1-repetition maximum on the early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase, and midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Range of motion, muscle soreness, countermovement jump, and limb circumferences were evaluated prior to 24 and 48 hours postexercise. Perceived exertion was evaluated after each set. Results: Differences in sex hormones indicated that tests were adequately performed in the different menstrual-cycle phases. Prior to exercise, muscle soreness was higher in the EFP (4.7 [7.7]) than in the late follicular phase (1.1 [3.2]; P =.045). No other variables showed significant differences between phases. Time-point differences (baseline, 24, and 48 h) were observed in knee range of motion (P =.02), muscle soreness, countermovement jump, and between sets for perceived exertion (P <.001). Conclusion: Although the protocol elicited muscle damage, hormonal fluctuations over the menstrual cycle did not seem to affect indirect markers of muscle damage, except for perceived muscle soreness. Muscle soreness was perceived to be more severe before exercise performed in EFP, when estrogen concentrations are relatively low. This may impair women's predisposition to perform strenuous exercise during EFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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19. The real bacterial filtration efficiency to evaluate the effective protection of facemasks used for the prevention of respiratory diseases.
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Benito, Pedro J., Gutiérrez, Álvaro, and Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A.
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POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,RESPIRATORY diseases - Abstract
The real protection offered by facemasks to control the transmission of respiratory viruses is still undetermined. Most of the manufacturing regulations, as well as scientific studies, have focused on studying the filtration capacity of the fabrics from which they are made, ignoring the air that escapes through the facial misalignments, and which depends on the respiratory frequencies and volumes. The objective of this work was to define a Real Bacterial Filtration Efficiency for each type of facemask, considering the bacterial filtration efficiency of the manufacturers and the air that passes through them. Nine different facemasks were tested on a mannequin with three gas analyzers (measuring inlet, outlet, and leak volumes) inside a polymethylmethacrylate box. In addition, the differential pressure was measured to determine the resistance offered by the facemasks during the inhalation and exhalation processes. Air was introduced with a manual syringe for 180 s simulating inhalations and exhalations at rest, light, moderate and vigorous activities (10, 60, 80 and 120 L/min, respectively). Statistical analysis showed that practically half of the air entering to the system is not filtered by the facemasks in all intensities (p < 0.001, ηp
2 = 0.971). They also showed that the hygienic facemasks filter more than 70% of the air, and their filtration does not depend on the simulated intensity, while the rest of the facemasks show an evidently different response, influenced by the amount of air mobilized. Therefore, the Real Bacterial Filtration Efficiency can be calculated as a modulation of the Bacterial Filtration Efficiencies that depends on the type of facemask. The real filtration capacity of the facemasks has been overestimated during last years since the filtration of the fabrics is not the real filtration when the facemask is worn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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20. Adherence to behavioral weight management interventions: A Scoping Review
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Rojo-Tirado, Miguel and Marques, Marta
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FOS: Psychology ,Food Studies ,Sports Studies ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Business ,Diseases ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,Education - Abstract
Overweight and obesity are excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that may pose a risk for other diseases and health conditions. Currently, available treatments for obesity in adults include clinical counseling focused on diet, physical activity, behavioral change and pharmacotherapy1. Weight management programs are an important response to address obesity. The scientific literature shows that the more faithfully the recommendations outlined by healthcare providers are followed, the more success these programs achieve. In fact, the goal is that people remain committed to these healthy behaviors in the long term, for the rest of their lives. Given the logistic and time constraints of studies, the best way to determine this commitment is to determine adherence. From the point of view of health care providers, knowing information on the adherence of participants to the different programs and their long-term effect is crucial to help patients achieve their long-term goals. However, in the scientific literature we find that the term adherence is not defined in the same way for all areas of intervention (diet, physical activity, behavioral change or pharmacotherapy), nor is it evaluated and reported in the same way among the different studies in the same area. Therefore, it is necessary to study this concept, with the aim of creating a definition that encompasses all areas of weight management programs, and a methodology on how it should be evaluated and reported in scientific studies. For the effects reported in the scientific literature to have an impact on the society at large, it is essential to increase people's adherence to these interventions. Harmonizing the definition of adherence in weight loss interventions is the necessary first step.
- Published
- 2022
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21. Efectos de la composición corporal sobre el equilibrio postural en varones adultos españoles sedentarios: un estudio transversal
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Delfa de la Morena, José Manuel, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Castro, Eliane Aparecida, Doimo, Leonice Aparecida, Bores García, Daniel, Miangolarra Page, Juan Carlos, Benito Peinado, Pedro José, Delfa de la Morena, José Manuel, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Castro, Eliane Aparecida, Doimo, Leonice Aparecida, Bores García, Daniel, Miangolarra Page, Juan Carlos, and Benito Peinado, Pedro José
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of anthropometric variables, body composition variables and fat distribution on the postural control of sedentary Spanish males. 39 males aged between 25 and 60 years old, with a body mass index between 18 and 35 kg/m2, a stable body weight (no weight gain or loss of 2 kg or more in the last 3 months), and a level of physical activity classified as sedentary or low active (PAL <1.6 via accelerometer) were included in the study. Anthropometric variables (weight, height, body mass index and waist and hip perimeters), body composition variables (fat mass, lean mass and bone mass), body mass distribution (legs, android and total) and postural control were evaluated. A correlation was found between most of the anthropometric and body composition variables, assessed via the Somatosensory ratio of the Sensory Organization Test. Furthermore, individuals with a low percentage of leg and android fat mass presented improved scores when compared to those with higher percentages (97.05±2.66 vs. 95.84±1.64 and 97.00±2.61vs 95.83±1.69, respectively; p<0.05). Sedentary males with a greater body mass index and a higher percentage of leg fat mass and android fat mass are more proprioceptively challenged for maintaining balance., El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de las variables antropométricas, de composición corporal y de distribución de la grasa en el control postural de varones españoles sedentarios. Se incluyeron en el estudio 39 varones de entre 25 y 60 años, con un índice de masa corporal entre 18 y 35 kg/m2, un peso corporal estable (sin ganancia o pérdida de peso igual o superior a 2 kg en los últimos 3 meses) y un nivel de actividad física clasificado como sedentario o poco activo (PAL <1,6 mediante acelerómetro). Se evaluaron variables antropométricas (peso, altura, índice de masa corporal y perímetros de cintura y cadera), variables de composición corporal (masa grasa, masa magra y masa ósea), distribución de la masa corporal (piernas, androide y total) y control postural. Se encontró una correlación entre la mayoría de las variables antropométricas y de composición corporal, evaluadas a través de la ratio Somatosensorial del Test de Organización Sensorial. Además, los individuos con un bajo porcentaje de masa grasa en piernas y androides presentaron mejores puntuaciones en comparación con aquellos con porcentajes más elevados (97,05±2,66 vs. 95,84±1,64 y 97,00±2,61vs 95,83±1,69, respectivamente; p<0,05). Los varones sedentarios con un mayor índice de masa corporal y un mayor porcentaje de masa grasa en las piernas y masa grasa androide tienen más dificultades propioceptivas para mantener el equilibrio.
- Published
- 2022
22. Kinesiología en la escalada
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Toledano Zamorano, Lucía, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Toledano Zamorano, Lucía
- Abstract
La escalada es una actividad que desde siempre ha estado ligada al ser humano. Conoce una evolución con la llegada del alpinismo y eclosiona como un deporte en sí mismo a finales del siglo XIX, siendo hoy en día un deporte incluido en los Juegos Olímpicos (Tokio 2021) y cuya popularidad está en auge. Se trata de un deporte abierto cuyo rendimiento es multifactorial siendo la técnica, la capacidad física y el componente psicológico los tres factores generales de rendimiento. En la literatura científica se pueden encontrar secciones de artículos y libros que tratan sobre las diferentes técnicas que existen en este deporte y sobre los grupos musculares de mayor implicación. No obstante, no se encuentran análisis de movimiento concretos sobre cada uno de los gestos. En este trabajo de fin de grado se realiza el análisis mecánico de los tres gestos técnicos más empleados en la escalada con el fin de entender las diferentes fases que compone cada movimiento. Ademas se determina, a partir de los datos obtenidos, las pautas generales de entrenamiento físico para la mejora del rendimiento y la prevención de lesiones en estos gestos técnicos.
- Published
- 2022
23. Intervención de entrenamiento de fuerza en un paciente con Diabetes tipo 2: estudio de caso
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Moreno-Manzanaro Molina-Prados, David, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Moreno-Manzanaro Molina-Prados, David
- Abstract
Introducción: La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible caracterizada por niveles elevados de glucosa en sangre. Concretamente, la diabetes tipo 2 (DM tipo 2) tiene una tendencia creciente y es responsable de más del 90 % de los casos en la actualidad. Dentro de las posibles intervenciones a realizar, el entrenamiento de fuerza ha demostrado ser una herramienta adecuada para mejorar el control de la glucosa y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Asimismo, en el presente trabajo se trata de comprobar el efecto de dicho entrenamiento en un adulto mayor con DM tipo 2. Material y métodos: Un varón de 69 años se sometió a un programa de entrenamiento con cargas durante 10 semanas (incluidas 2 de familiarización previa) en su domicilio. Se analizaron parámetros relacionados con el control de la glucosa (HbA1c y glucemia), así como la fuerza y la capacidad funcional con resultados obtenidos al inicio y tras la última semana de intervención. Resultados: HbA1c se redujo de 7,6% a 7,1% tras el protocolo de entrenamiento. Se observó una tendencia descendente en la glucemia en ayunas. La capacidad funcional medida a través de un test mejoró un 30,33%, así como la fuerza medida a través de dinamometrías y la velocidad de desplazamiento de una carga submáxima. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos amplían la evidencia que sustenta el efecto positivo del entrenamiento con cargas en el tratamiento de la DM tipo 2. Un programa que incluya 3 días a la semana, realizado en días alternos permite reducir los niveles de HbA1c y glucemia, mejorar la fuerza y la capacidad funcional en un sujeto de 69 años.
- Published
- 2022
24. Effects of body composition on postural balance in sedentary Spanish adult males: a cross-sectional study (Efectos de la composición corporal sobre el equilibrio postural en varones adultos españoles sedentarios: un estudio transversal)
- Author
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Delfa-de la Morena, José Manuel, primary, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Ángel, primary, Aparecida-Castro, Eliane, primary, Aparecida-Doimo, Leonice, primary, Miangolarra-Page, Juan Carlos, primary, Benito-Peinado, Pedro J., primary, and Bores-García, Daniel, primary
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
25. Influence of oral contraceptive phase on cardiorespiratory response to exercise in endurance-trained athletes
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Castro, Eliane A., primary, Rael, Beatriz, additional, Romero-Parra, Nuria, additional, Alfaro-Magallanes, Víctor M., additional, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., additional, García-de-Alcaraz, Antonio, additional, Cupeiro, Rocío, additional, and Peinado, Ana B., additional
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
26. Effect of Different Types of Face Masks on the Ventilatory and Cardiovascular Response to Maximal-Intensity Exercise
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Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., primary, Benítez-Muñoz, José A., additional, Alcocer-Ayuga, María, additional, Alfaro-Magallanes, Víctor M., additional, Romero-Parra, Nuria, additional, Peinado, Ana B., additional, Rael, Beatriz, additional, Castro, Eliane A., additional, and Benito, Pedro J., additional
- Published
- 2021
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27. Physiological Profile of an Uphill Time Trial in Elite Cyclists.
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Peinado, Ana B., Romero-Parra, Nuria, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., Cupeiro, Rocío, Butragueño, Javier, Castro, Eliane A., Calderón, Francisco J., and Benito, Pedro J.
- Subjects
EXERCISE ,ATHLETIC ability ,CYCLING ,EXERCISE physiology ,EXERCISE tests ,HEART rate monitoring ,LACTATES ,PROBABILITY theory ,ELITE athletes ,OXYGEN consumption ,EXERCISE intensity ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Context: While a number of studies have researched road-cycling performance, few have attempted to investigate the physiological response in field conditions. Purpose: To describe the physiological and performance profile of an uphill time trial (TT) frequently used in cycling competitions. Methods: Fourteen elite road cyclists (mean ± SD age 25 ± 6 y, height 174 ± 4.2 cm, body mass 64.4 ± 6.1 kg, fat mass 7.48% ± 2.82%) performed a graded exercise test to exhaustion to determine maximal parameters. They then completed a field-based uphill TT in a 9.2-km first-category mountain pass with a 7.1% slope. Oxygen uptake (VO
2 ), power output, heart rate (HR), lactate concentration, and perceived-exertion variables were measured throughout the field-based test. Results: During the uphill TT, mean power output and velocity were 302 ± 7W (4.2 ± 0.1 W/kg) and 18.7 ± 1.6 km/h, respectively. Mean VO2 and HR were 61.6 ± 2.0 mL ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1 and 178 ± 2 beats/min, respectively. Values were significantly affected by the 1st, 2nd, 6th, and final kilometers (P < .05). Lactate concentration and perceived exertion were 10.87 ± 1.12 mmol/L and 19.1 ± 0.1, respectively, at the end of the test, being significantly different from baseline measures. Conclusion: The studied uphill TT is performed at 90% of maximum HR and VO2 and 70% of maximum power output. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study assessing cardiorespiratory parameters combined with measures of performance, perceived exertion, and biochemical variables during a field-based uphill TT in elite cyclists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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28. Relation of Physical Activity Level to Postural Balance in Obese and Overweight Spanish Adult Males: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Delfa-de la Morena, José Manuel, primary, Castro, Eliane A., additional, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Ángel, additional, and Bores-García, Daniel, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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29. The Effects of Bike Desks in Formal Education Classroom-Based Physical Activity: A Systematic Review
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Polo-Recuero, Beatriz, primary, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Ángel, additional, Ordóñez-Dios, Alfonso, additional, Breitkreuz, Denise, additional, and Lorenzo, Alberto, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Body Composition Changes after aWeight Loss Intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel A., Ruiz Ruiz, Jonatan, and Ortega Porcel, Francisco Bartolomé
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Obesity ,Body weight ,Intervention studies ,Exercise ,Nutrition - Abstract
Studies comparing different types of exercise-based interventions have not shown a consistent effect of training on long-term weight maintenance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise modalities combined with diet intervention on body composition immediately after intervention and at 3 years’ follow-up in overweight and obese adults. Two-hundred thirtynine people (107 men) participated in a 6-month diet and exercise-based intervention, split into four randomly assigned groups: strength group (S), endurance group (E), combined strength and endurance group (SE), and control group (C). The body composition measurements took place on the first week before the start of training and after 22 weeks of training. In addition, a third measurement took place 3 years after the intervention period. A significant interaction effect (group time) (p = 0.017) was observed for the fat mass percentage. It significantly decreased by 5.48 0.65%, 5.30 0.65%, 7.04 0.72%, and 4.86 0.65% at post-intervention for S, E, SE, and C, respectively. Three years after the intervention, the fat mass percentage returned to values similar to the baseline, except for the combined strength and endurance group, where it remained lower than the value at preintervention (p < 0.05). However, no significant interaction was discovered for the rest of the studied outcomes, neither at post-intervention nor 3 years later. The combined strength and endurance group was the only group that achieved lower levels of fat mass (%) at both post-intervention and 3 years after intervention, in comparison with the other groups., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Convocatoria de Ayudas I+D 2008, Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental No Orientada, del VI Plan de Investigación Nacional 2008-2011 DEP2008-06354-C04-01
- Published
- 2021
31. Body Composition Changes after a Weight Loss Intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study
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Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., Benito, Pedro J., Ruiz, Jonatan R., Ortega, Francisco B., Romero-Moraleda, Blanca, Butragueño, Javier, Bermejo López, Laura María, Castro, Eliane A., Gómez-Candela, Carmen, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., Benito, Pedro J., Ruiz, Jonatan R., Ortega, Francisco B., Romero-Moraleda, Blanca, Butragueño, Javier, Bermejo López, Laura María, Castro, Eliane A., and Gómez-Candela, Carmen
- Abstract
Studies comparing different types of exercise-based interventions have not shown a consistent effect of training on long-term weight maintenance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise modalities combined with diet intervention on body composition immediately after intervention and at 3 years’ follow-up in overweight and obese adults. Two-hundred thirtynine people (107 men) participated in a 6-month diet and exercise-based intervention, split into four randomly assigned groups: strength group (S), endurance group (E), combined strength and endurance group (SE), and control group (C). The body composition measurements took place on the first week before the start of training and after 22 weeks of training. In addition, a third measurement took place 3 years after the intervention period. A significant interaction effect (group _ time) (p = 0.017) was observed for the fat mass percentage. It significantly decreased by 5.48 _ 0.65%, 5.30 _ 0.65%, 7.04 _ 0.72%, and 4.86 _ 0.65% at post intervention for S, E, SE, and C, respectively. Three years after the intervention, the fat mass percentage returned to values similar to the baseline, except for the combined strength and endurance group, where it remained lower than the value at preintervention (p < 0.05). However, no significant interaction was discovered for the rest of the studied outcomes, neither at post-intervention nor 3 years later. The combined strength and endurance group was the only group that achieved lower levels of fat mass (%) at both post-intervention and 3 years after intervention, in comparison with the other groups., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - España, VI Plan de Investigación Nacional 2008–2011, Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub
- Published
- 2021
32. Methodological Approach of the Iron and Muscular Damage: Female Metabolism and Menstrual Cycle during Exercise Project (IronFEMME Study)
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Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen, Alfaro Magallanes, Victor Manuel, Romero Parra, Nuria, Barba Moreno, Laura, Rael Delgado, Beatriz, Maestre Cascales, Cristina, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Castro, Eliane Aparecida de, Benito Peinado, Pedro José, Ortega Santos, Carmen Patricia, Santiago, Elena, Butragueño Revenga, Javier, García del Alcaraz, Antonio, Rojo González, Jesús Javier, Calderon Montero, Francisco Javier, García Bataller, Alberto, Cupeiro Coto, Rocío, Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen, Alfaro Magallanes, Victor Manuel, Romero Parra, Nuria, Barba Moreno, Laura, Rael Delgado, Beatriz, Maestre Cascales, Cristina, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Castro, Eliane Aparecida de, Benito Peinado, Pedro José, Ortega Santos, Carmen Patricia, Santiago, Elena, Butragueño Revenga, Javier, García del Alcaraz, Antonio, Rojo González, Jesús Javier, Calderon Montero, Francisco Javier, García Bataller, Alberto, and Cupeiro Coto, Rocío
- Abstract
Background: The increase in exercise levels in the last few years among professional and recreational female athletes has led to an increased scientific interest about sports health and performance in the female athlete population. The purpose of the IronFEMME Study described in this protocol article is to determine the influence of different hormonal profiles on iron metabolism in response to endurance exercise, and the main markers of muscle damage in response to resistance exercise; both in eumenorrheic, oral contraceptive (OC) users and postmenopausal well-trained women. Methods: This project is an observational controlled randomized counterbalanced study. One hundered and four (104) active and healthy women were selected to participate in the IronFEMME Study, 57 of which were eumenorrheic, 31 OC users and 16 postmenopausal. The project consisted of two sections carried out at the same time: iron metabolism (study I) and muscle damage (study II). For the study I, the exercise protocol consisted of an interval running test (eight bouts of 3 min at 85% of the maximal aerobic speed), whereas the study II protocol was an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (10 sets of 10 repetitions of plate-loaded barbell parallel back squats at 60% of their one repetition maximum (1RM) with 2 min of recovery between sets). In both studies, eumenorrheic participants were evaluated at three specific moments of the menstrual cycle: early-follicular phase, late-follicular phase and mid-luteal phase; OC users performed the trial at two moments: withdrawal phase and active pill phase. Lastly, postmenopausal women were only tested once, since their hormonal status does not fluctuate. The three-step method was used to verify the menstrual cycle phase: calendar counting, blood test confirmation, and urine-based ovulation kits. Blood samples were obtained to measure sex hormones, iron metabolism parameters, and muscle damage related markers. Discussion: IronFEMME Study has been des
- Published
- 2021
33. Indirect markers of muscle damage throughout the menstrual cycle
- Author
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Romero Parra, Nuria, Alfaro Magallanes, Víctor Manuel, Rael Delgado, Beatriz, Cupeiro Coto, Rocío, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Benito Peinado, Pedro José, Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen, Romero Parra, Nuria, Alfaro Magallanes, Víctor Manuel, Rael Delgado, Beatriz, Cupeiro Coto, Rocío, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Benito Peinado, Pedro José, and Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen
- Abstract
Context: The indirect markers of muscle damage have been previously studied in females. However, inconclusive results have been found, possibly explained by the heterogeneity regarding monitoring and verification of menstrual-cycle phase. Purpose: To determine whether the fluctuations in sex hormones during the menstrual cycle influence muscle damage. Methods: A total of 19 well-trained eumenorrheic women (age 28.6 [5.9] y; height 163.4 [6.1] cm; weight 59.6 [5.8] kg body mass) performed an eccentric-based resistance protocol consisting of 10 × 10 back squats at 60% of their 1-repetition maximum on the early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase, and midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Range of motion, muscle soreness, countermovement jump, and limb circumferences were evaluated prior to 24 and 48 hours postexercise. Perceived exertion was evaluated after each set. Results: Differences in sex hormones indicated that tests were adequately performed in the different menstrual-cycle phases. Prior to exercise, muscle soreness was higher in the EFP (4.7 [7.7]) than in the late follicular phase (1.1 [3.2]; P = .045). No other variables showed significant differences between phases. Time-point differences (baseline, 24, and 48 h) were observed in knee range of motion (P = .02), muscle soreness, countermovement jump, and between sets for perceived exertion (P < .001). Conclusion: Although the protocol elicited muscle damage, hormonal fluctuations over the menstrual cycle did not seem to affect indirect markers of muscle damage, except for perceived muscle soreness. Muscle soreness was perceived to be more severe before exercise performed in EFP, when estrogen concentrations are relatively low. This may impair women's predisposition to perform strenuous exercise during EFP.
- Published
- 2021
34. Nutrición en deportes de resistencia de larga duración: Triatlón
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Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Roldán Soto, Iván, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Ángel, and Roldán Soto, Iván
- Abstract
El triatlón es un deporte que ha ganado popularidad estos últimos años, un deporte compuesto por tres disciplinas deportivas, natación, ciclismo y carrera a pie a lo largo de diferentes formatos como Olímpica, sprint o Ironman. Requiere de una gran demanda energética debido a la duración e intensidad que exige el evento. Por ello, los atletas que participan es este tipo de pruebas necesitan aportes energéticos considerables para disponer de la energía suficiente para optimizar al máximo su rendimiento y alejarse del estado de fatiga que lo perjudique. El propósito de esta revisión es dar a conocer aquellos aspectos nutricionales que debe tener en cuenta un competidor de triatlón para lograr que su rendimiento en un evento de estas características sea óptimo. Se pueden llevar a cabo diferentes estrategias en la ingesta de nutrientes, pero todas con el mismo objetivo, llenar los depósitos de glucógeno, hepático y muscular, para dotar al atleta de la máxima energía posible. Los carbohidratos van a ser la principal fuente de energía, al compararlos con las grasas, debido a su bajo coste de oxígeno para la producción de energía. Y, un correcto timing de los mismo, antes, durante y después, puede marcar la diferencia y reducir la sensación de fatiga ocasionada normalmente por la depleción de los carbohidratos o la deshidratación. Otros factores que pueden ocasionar la caída del rendimiento, además de la fatiga, son los problemas gastrointestinales, muy comunes en deportes de resistencia. Por ello, un correcto aporte de energía e hidratación en el momento indicado va a generar el máximo rendimiento del atleta. Aparte de esto, las ayudas ergogénicas van a jugar un papel importante en el rendimiento del triatleta. El consumo de suplementos como cafeína, bicarbonato de sodio o nitratos provocan diferentes mecanismos fisiológicos que pueden retrasar la aparición de la fatiga ayudando así a mejorar el rendimiento.
- Published
- 2021
35. Relación del nivel de actividad física y de la composición corporal en el control postural en adultos varones
- Author
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Delfa de la Morena, José Manuel, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Aparecida de Castro, Eliane, Gil Arias, Alexander, Miangolarra-Page, Juan Carlos, and Benito Peinado, Pedro José
- Subjects
Distribución grasa corporal ,Estilo de vida sedentario ,Physical activity ,Actividad física ,Sedentary lifestyle ,Body fat distribution ,Índice de masa corporal ,Body mass index - Abstract
Resumen Introducción: el equilibrio es crucial para el desempeño de actividades de la vida diaria como la bipedestación o la marcha. La actividad física y la composición corporal son algunos de los factores intrínsecos modificables más importantes que influyen en el equilibrio. Objetivo: analizar la influencia del nivel de actividad física (PAL) y de diferentes variables corporales sobre el control postural de adultos varones. Métodos: estudio observacional, transversal, con 63 varones de entre 25 y 60 años, con índice de masa corporal (IMC) entre 18 y 35 kg/m2. Se midieron variables antropométricas (i.e., peso, IMC, perímetro de cintura), de composición corporal y de su distribución (i.e., porcentaje de masa grasa de piernas: %MGP, androide: %MGA y total: %MGT), de actividad física (PAL) y de control postural (i.e., ratio somatosensorial: SOT-SOM). Se utilizó una regresión lineal múltiple para evaluar la relación de todas las variables con la SOT-SOM. Resultados: los resultados de este estudio muestran una correlación entre %MGT (r = -0,384, p = 0,002), %MGA (r = -0,421, p = 0,001) y PAL (r = 0,291, p = 0,021) con la SOT-SOM. Además, los individuos clasificados como obesos (%MGT ≥ 28) obtuvieron peores puntuaciones en la SOT-SOM que los individuos no obesos (97,33 ± 2,52 vs. 96,37 ± 1,54; p = 0,013) y los individuos clasificados como activos (PAL ≥ 1,4) obtuvieron mejores puntuaciones en la SOT-SOM que los individuos sedentarios (97,13 ± 2,33 vs. 96,18 ± 1,38; p = 0,035). Conclusiones: la masa grasa y el PAL parecen influir a nivel propioceptivo en el control postural, siendo el perímetro de cintura la variable que más predice la SOT-SOM. Abstract Introduction: balance is very important in order to perform daily physical activities as standing or walking. Both physical activity and body composition are some of the most important adjustable intrinsic factors influencing balance. Objective: to analyze the influence of physical activity level and different body variables on the postural control of male adults. Methods: observational, cross-sectional study with 63 men between 25 and 60 years of age, with body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 35 kg/m2. Anthropometric variables (e.g., weight, BMI, waist circumference), body composition and its distribution (e.g., percentage of total fat mass: TFM%, of the legs: LFM%, and android: AFM%), physical activity (PAL) and postural control (e.g., SOM ratio) were measured. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship of all variables with the SOM ratio. Results: the results of this study show a correlation between TFM% (r = -0.384, p = 0.002), AFM% (r = -0.421, p = 0.001) and PAL (r = 0.291, p = 0.021) with the SOM ratio. In addition, individuals classified as obese (TFM% ≥ 28) scored worse on SOM ratio than non-obese individuals (97.33 ± 2.52 vs 96.37 ± 1.54, p = 0.013), and individuals classified as active (PAL ≥ 1.4) scored higher on SOM ratio than sedentary individuals (97.13 ± 2.33 vs 96.18 ± 1.38; p = 0.035). Conclusions: the fat mass and PAL seem to influence proprioceptively on postural control, being the waist circumference the variable that predicts SOM ratio the most.
- Published
- 2020
36. Desarrollo y validación de modelos de pronóstico para estimar la pérdida de peso corporal en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad.
- Author
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Ángel Rojo-Tirado, Miguel, José Benito, Pedro, Javier Calderón, Francisco, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Ángel, Benito, Pedro José, and Calderón, Francisco Javier
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- *
WEIGHT loss , *BODY weight , *BODY mass index , *OVERWEIGHT persons , *EXERCISE physiology , *OBESITY treatment , *PROGNOSIS , *STATISTICAL models - Abstract
Introduction: Background: predicting weight loss outcomes from information collected from subjects before they start a weight management program is an objective strongly pursued by scientists who study energy balance. Objective: to develop and validate two prognostic models for the estimation of final body weight after a six-month intervention period. Material and methods: the present work was developed following the TRIPOD standard to report prognostic multivariable prediction models. A multivariable linear regression analysis was applied to 70 % of participants to identify the most relevant variables and develop the best prognostic model for body weight estimation. Then, 30 % of the remaining sample was used to validate the model. The study involved a 6-month intervention based on 25-30 % caloric restriction and exercise. A total of 239 volunteers who had participated in the PRONAF study, aged 18 to 50 years, with overweight or obesity (body mass index: 25-34.9 kg/m2), were enrolled. Body composition was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and by hand-to-foot bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analysis. Results: prognostic models were developed and validated with a high correlation (0.954 and 0.951 for DXA and BIA, respectively), with the paired t-tests showing no significant differences between estimated and measured body weights. The mean difference, standard error, and 95 % confidence interval of the DXA model were 0.067 ± 0.547 (-1.036-1.170), and those of the BIA model were -0.105 ± 0.511 (-1.134-0.924). Conclusions: the models developed in this work make it possible to calculate the final BW of any participant engaged in an intervention like the one employed in this study based only on baseline body composition variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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37. Methodological Approach of the Iron and Muscular Damage: Female Metabolism and Menstrual Cycle during Exercise Project (IronFEMME Study)
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Peinado, Ana B., primary, Alfaro-Magallanes, Victor M., additional, Romero-Parra, Nuria, additional, Barba-Moreno, Laura, additional, Rael, Beatriz, additional, Maestre-Cascales, Cristina, additional, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., additional, Castro, Eliane A., additional, Benito, Pedro J., additional, Ortega-Santos, Carmen P., additional, Santiago, Elena, additional, Butragueño, Javier, additional, García-de-Alcaraz, Antonio, additional, Rojo, Jesús J., additional, Calderón, Francisco J., additional, García-Bataller, Alberto, additional, and Cupeiro, Rocío, additional
- Published
- 2021
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38. Body Composition Changes after a Weight Loss Intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study
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Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., primary, Benito, Pedro J., additional, Ruiz, Jonatan R., additional, Ortega, Francisco B., additional, Romero-Moraleda, Blanca, additional, Butragueño, Javier, additional, Bermejo, Laura M., additional, Castro, Eliane A., additional, and Gómez-Candela, Carmen, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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39. Development and validation of prognostic models to estimate body weight loss in overweight and obese people
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Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Ángel, primary, Benito, Pedro José, additional, and Calderón, Francisco Javier, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Hepcidin response to interval running exercise is not affected by oral contraceptive phase in endurance‐trained women
- Author
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Alfaro‐Magallanes, Víctor M., primary, Barba‐Moreno, Laura, additional, Rael, Beatriz, additional, Romero‐Parra, Nuria, additional, Rojo‐Tirado, Miguel A., additional, Benito, Pedro J., additional, Swinkels, Dorine W., additional, Laarakkers, Coby M., additional, Díaz, Ángel E., additional, and Peinado, Ana B., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Cardiorespiratory Variables During A Maximal Running Test In Well-trained Females With Different Hormonal Profiles
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Rael, Beatriz, primary, Alfaro-Magallanes, Victor M., additional, Barba-Moreno, Laura, additional, Romero-Parra, Nuria, additional, de Castro, Eliane A., additional, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel Angel, additional, Cupeiro, Rocio, additional, and Peinado, Ana B., additional
- Published
- 2020
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42. A Single Question of Parent-Reported Physical Activity Levels Estimates Objectively Measured Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Preschool Children: The PREFIT Project
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Palou, Pere, Muntaner Mas, Adrià, Cantallops, Jaume, Antoni Borràs, Pere, Labayen, Idoia, Jiménez Pavón, David, Dorado García, Cecilia, Moliner Urdiales, Diego, Rodríguez Pérez, Manuel A., Cadenas-sanchez, Cristina, Ortega, Francisco B., Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Vidal Conti, Josep, Palou, Pere, Muntaner Mas, Adrià, Cantallops, Jaume, Antoni Borràs, Pere, Labayen, Idoia, Jiménez Pavón, David, Dorado García, Cecilia, Moliner Urdiales, Diego, Rodríguez Pérez, Manuel A., Cadenas-sanchez, Cristina, Ortega, Francisco B., Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, and Vidal Conti, Josep
- Abstract
Physical inactivity is recognized as a determinant of low physical fitness and body composition in preschool children, which in turn, are important markers of health through the lifespan. Objective methods to assess physical activity, physical fitness and body composition in preschool children are preferable; however, they have some practical limitations in the school context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether a single question regarding physical activity level of preschool children, reported by their parents, could be used as an alternative screening tool of physical fitness and body composition. The information was obtained from 10 different cities throughout Spain, gathering a total of 3179 healthy preschool children (52.8% boys and 47.2% girls) aged 3–5 years. Physical activity levels of preschool children were reported by parents using a single question with five response options (very low, low, average, high, or very high). Physical fitness and body composition were assessed with the PREFIT fitness battery. The results showed that parents’ perception of their children’s physical activity was positively associated with all objectively measured physical fitness components (βrange = -0.094 to 0.113; all p < 0.020); and negatively with body composition indicators as measured (βrange = -0.113 to -0.058; all p < 0.001). The results showed significant differences in all physical fitness and body composition z-scores across the parent-reported physical activity levels (all p < 0.017 and all p < 0.001, respectively), as well as, for the fitness index (p < 0.001). Our study suggests that in school settings with insufficient resources to objectively assess fitness and body composition, parents-reported physical activity level by means of a single question might provide useful information about these important health markers in preschool children.
- Published
- 2019
43. Effect of induced alkalosis on performance during a field-simulated BMX cycling competition
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Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen, Holgado, Darias, Luque Casado, Antonio, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Sanabria, Daniel, González, Coral, Mateo March, Manuel, Sanchez Muñoz, Cristobal, Calderon Montero, Francisco Javier, Zabala, Mikel, Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen, Holgado, Darias, Luque Casado, Antonio, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Sanabria, Daniel, González, Coral, Mateo March, Manuel, Sanchez Muñoz, Cristobal, Calderon Montero, Francisco Javier, and Zabala, Mikel
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to test the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-) ingestion on performance during a simulated competition on a Bicycle Motocross (BMX) track. Design: Double-blind cross-over study. Methods: Twelve elite male BMX cyclists (age: 19.2±3.4 years; height: 174.2±5.3cm; body mass: 72.4±8.4kg) ingested either NaHCO3- (0.3g.kg-1 body weight) or placebo 90min prior to exercise. The cyclists completed three races in a BMX Olympic track interspersed with 15min of recovery. Blood samples were collected to assess the blood acid-base status. Performance, cardiorespiratory, heart rate variability (HRV) as well as subjective variables were assessed. Results: The main effect of condition (NaHCO3- vs. placebo) was observed in pH, bicarbonate concentration and base excess (p<0.05), with a significant blood alkalosis. No changes were found in time, peak velocity and time to peak velocity for condition (p>0.05). The HRV analysis showed a significant effect of NaHCO3- ingestion, expressed by the rMSSD30 (root mean square of the successive differences) (p<0.001). There was no effect of condition on oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, or pulmonary ventilation (p>0.05). Finally, there was no effect of condition for any subjective scale (p>0.05). Conclusions: We present here the first field condition study to investigate the effect of bicarbonate ingestion over performance in BMX discipline. The results showed that NaHCO3--induced alkalosis did not improve performance in a simulated BMX competition in elite BMX cyclists, although future studies should consider the effects of NaHCO3- on autonomic function as a component of recovery.
- Published
- 2019
44. Nutrition and physical activity programs for obesity treatment (PRONAF study): methodological approach of the project
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Zapico Augusto G, Benito Pedro J, González-Gross Marcela, Peinado Ana B, Morencos Esther, Romero Blanca, Rojo-Tirado Miguel A, Cupeiro Rocio, Szendrei Barbara, Butragueño Javier, Bermejo Maite, Alvarez-Sánchez María, García-Fuentes Miguel, Gómez-Candela Carmen, Bermejo Laura M, Fernandez-Fernandez Ceila, and Calderón Francisco J
- Subjects
Overweight ,Obesity ,Caloric restriction ,Exercise ,Weight loss ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study. Methods/design One-hundred nineteen overweight (46 males) and 120 obese (61 males) subjects aged 18–50 years were randomly assigned to a strength training group, an endurance training group, a combined strength + endurance training group or a diet and physical activity recommendations group. The intervention period was 22 weeks (in all cases 3 times/wk of training for 22 weeks and 2 weeks for pre and post evaluation). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% less energy intake than the daily energy expenditure estimated by accelerometry). 29–34% of the total energy intake came from fat, 14–20% from protein, and 50–55% from carbohydrates. The mayor outcome variables assesed were, biochemical and inflamatory markers, body composition, energy balance, physical fitness, nutritional habits, genetic profile and quality of life. 180 (75.3%) subjects finished the study, with a dropout rate of 24.7%. Dropout reasons included: personal reasons 17 (28.8%), low adherence to exercise 3 (5.1%), low adherence to diet 6 (10.2%), job change 6 (10.2%), and lost interest 27 (45.8%). Discussion Feasibility of the study has been proven, with a low dropout rate which corresponds to the estimated sample size. Transfer of knowledge is foreseen as a spin-off, in order that overweight and obese subjects can benefit from the results. The aim is to transfer it to sports centres. Effectiveness on individual health-related parameter in order to determine the most effective training programme will be analysed in forthcoming publications. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116856
- Published
- 2012
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45. Impact of APOE2 allele on lipid profile change after a weight loss program
- Author
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Romero-Moraleda, Blanca, Cupeiro, Rocío, González-Lamuño, Domingo, Amigo, Teresa, Szendrei, Barbara, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel-Ángel, Calderón, Francisco-Javier, and Peinado, Ana-Belén
- Subjects
Programa de pérdida de peso ,Genotipo ApoE ,Lipoproteína ,Sobrepeso ,Weight loss program ,Obesidad ,Overweight ,Lipoprotein ,Obese ,ApoE genotype - Abstract
Background: apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism is a genetic determinant of lipid and lipoprotein levels and the risk for coronary heart disease. Objective: to evaluate the impact of ApoE2 allele in lipid plasma levels and the influence of a healthy hypocaloric diet plus a controlled physical activity on the lipid profile, we performed a study in a cohort of overweight and obese healthy subjects (Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 34.9 kg·m-2). Methods: one hundred eighty participants (96 women), aged 18-50 years participated in a 22 weeks weight loss intervention based on same dietary treatment and different controlled exercise programs. All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% less energy intake than the daily energy expenditure). Blood samples were obtained for lipids measurements at the beginning and end of the study. Results: after intervention, men of the E2 group showed the greatest decreases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) values (p = 0.039; p = 0.001; p = 0.001; respectively). For high-density lipoprotein (HDL), E2 group had significant differences compared with E4 at pre- (p = 0.020) and post-intervention values (p = 0.024). Conclusion: our results show great changes in men carrying ApoE2, mainly in TG and TC concentrations after treatment with hypocaloric diet and controlled exercise. Therefore, adding supervised training to nutritional intervention seems to be a good alternative for the reinforcement of the effect of the treatment. Resumen Antecedentes: el polimorfismo de la apolipoproteína E (ApoE) es un determinante genético de los niveles de lípidos y lipoproteínas y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria. Objetivo: para evaluar el impacto del alelo ApoE2 en los niveles de lípidos plasmáticos y la influencia de una dieta hipocalórica sana más una actividad física controlada en el perfil lipídico, se realizó un estudio en una cohorte de sujetos sanos con sobrepeso y obesidad (índice de masa corporal entre 25-34,9 kg·m-2). Métodos: ciento ochenta participantes (96 mujeres), de 18-50 años participaron en una intervención de pérdida de peso de 22 semanas basada en el mismo tratamiento dietético y diferentes programas de ejercicios controlados. Todos los sujetos siguieron una dieta hipocalórica (consumo de energía entre 25-30% inferior que el gasto energético total diario). Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para las mediciones de lípidos al inicio y al final del estudio. Resultados: después de la intervención, los hombres del grupo E2 mostraron las mayores disminuciones en los valores de lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL), triglicéridos (TG) y colesterol total (TC) (p = 0,039; p = 0,001; p = 0,001). Para las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), el grupo E2 presentó diferencias significativas en comparación con E4 en los valores previos (p = 0,020) y postintervención (p = 0,024). Conclusión: nuestros resultados muestran grandes cambios en los hombres que portan ApoE2, principalmente en las concentraciones de TG y TC después del tratamiento con dieta hipocalórica y ejercicio controlado. Por lo tanto, la adición de entrenamiento supervisado a la intervención nutricional parece ser una buena alternativa para el refuerzo del efecto del tratamiento.
- Published
- 2018
46. Impact of APOE2 allele on lipid profile change after a weight loss program = Impacto del alelo APOE2 en el cambio del perfil lipídico después de un programa de pérdida de peso
- Author
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Romero Moraleda, Blanca, Cupeiro Coto, Rocío, González Lamuño, Domingo, Amigo, Teresa, Szendrei, Barbara, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Calderón Montero, Francisco Javier, and Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen
- Subjects
Medicina ,Deportes - Abstract
Antecedentes: el polimorfismo de la apolipoproteína E (ApoE) es un determinante genético de los niveles de lípidos y lipoproteínas y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria. Objetivo: para evaluar el impacto del alelo ApoE2 en los niveles de lípidos plasmáticos y la influencia de una dieta hipocalórica sana más una actividad física controlada en el perfil lipídico, se realizó un estudio en una cohorte de sujetos sanos con sobrepeso y obesidad (índice de masa corporal entre 25-34,9 kg·m-2). Métodos: ciento ochenta participantes (96 mujeres), de 18-50 años participaron en una intervención de pérdida de peso de 22 semanas basada en el mismo tratamiento dietético y diferentes programas de ejercicios controlados. Todos los sujetos siguieron una dieta hipocalórica (consumo de energía entre 25-30% inferior que el gasto energético total diario). Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para las mediciones de lípidos al inicio y al final del estudio. Resultados: después de la intervención, los hombres del grupo E2 mostraron las mayores disminuciones en los valores de lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL), triglicéridos (TG) y colesterol total (TC) (p = 0,039; p = 0,001; p = 0,001). Para las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), el grupo E2 presentó diferencias significativas en comparación con E4 en los valores previos (p = 0,020) y postintervención (p = 0,024). Conclusión: nuestros resultados muestran grandes cambios en los hombres que portan ApoE2, principalmente en las concentraciones de TG y TC después del tratamiento con dieta hipocalórica y ejercicio controlado. Por lo tanto, la adición de entrenamiento supervisado a la intervención nutricional parece ser una buena alternativa para el refuerzo del efecto del tratamiento.
- Published
- 2018
47. A Single Question of Parent-Reported Physical Activity Levels Estimates Objectively Measured Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Preschool Children: The PREFIT Project
- Author
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Palou, Pere, primary, Muntaner-Mas, Adrià, additional, Cantallops, Jaume, additional, Borràs, Pere Antoni, additional, Labayen, Idoia, additional, Jiménez-Pavón, David, additional, Dorado García, Cecilia, additional, Moliner-Urdiales, Diego, additional, Rodríguez Pérez, Manuel A., additional, Rojo-Tirado, Miguel A., additional, Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina, additional, Ortega, Francisco B., additional, and Vidal-Conti, Josep, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Hepcidin response to interval running exercise is not affected by oral contraceptive phase in endurance‐trained women.
- Author
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Alfaro‐Magallanes, Víctor M., Barba‐Moreno, Laura, Rael, Beatriz, Romero‐Parra, Nuria, Rojo‐Tirado, Miguel A., Benito, Pedro J., Swinkels, Dorine W., Laarakkers, Coby M., Díaz, Ángel E., and Peinado, Ana B.
- Subjects
ANALYSIS of variance ,EXERCISE physiology ,SEX hormones ,INTERLEUKINS ,IRON ,ORAL contraceptives ,RUNNING ,WOMEN'S health ,BODY mass index ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MANN Whitney U Test ,FRIEDMAN test (Statistics) ,HIGH-intensity interval training ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
The use of oral contraceptives (OCs) by female athletes may lead to improved iron status, possibly through the regulation of hepcidin by sex hormones. The present work investigates the response of hepcidin and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) to an interval exercise in both phases of the OC cycle. Sixteen endurance‐trained OC users (age 25.3 ± 4.7 years; height 162.4 ± 5.7 cm; body mass 56.0 ± 5.7 kg; body fat percentage 24.8 ± 6.0%; peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak]: 47.4 ± 5.5 mL min−1 kg−1) followed an identical interval running protocol during the withdrawal and active pill phases of the OC cycle. This protocol consisted of 8 × 3 minutes bouts at 85% VO2peak speed with 90 seconds recovery intervals. Blood samples were collected pre‐exercise, and at 0 hour, 3 hours, and 24 hours post‐exercise. Pre‐exercise 17β‐estradiol was lower (P =.001) during the active pill than the withdrawal phase (7.91 ± 1.81 vs 29.36 ± 6.45 pg/mL [mean ± SEM]). No differences were seen between the OC phases with respect to hepcidin or IL‐6 concentrations, whether taking all time points together or separately. However, within the withdrawal phase, hepcidin concentrations were higher at 3 hours post‐exercise (3.33 ± 0.95 nmol/L) than at pre‐exercise (1.04 ± 0.20 nmol/L; P =.005) and 0 hour post‐exercise (1.41 ± 0.38 nmol/L; P =.045). Within both OC phases, IL‐6 was higher at 0 hour post‐exercise than at any other time point (P <.05). Similar trends in hepcidin and IL‐6 concentrations were seen at the different time points during both OC phases. OC use led to low 17β‐estradiol concentrations during the active pill phase but did not affect hepcidin. This does not, however, rule out estradiol affecting hepcidin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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49. Physiological Profile of an Uphill Time Trial in Elite Cyclists
- Author
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Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Cupeiro Coto, Rocío, Butragueño Revenga, Javier, Aparecida de Castro, Eliane, Calderón Montero, Francisco Javier, Benito Peinado, Pedro José, Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Cupeiro Coto, Rocío, Butragueño Revenga, Javier, Aparecida de Castro, Eliane, Calderón Montero, Francisco Javier, and Benito Peinado, Pedro José
- Abstract
Purpose: While a number of studies have researched road cycling performance, few studies have attempted to investigate the physiological response in field conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the physiological and performance profile of an uphill time-trial frequently used in cycling competitions. Methods: Fourteen elite road cyclists (mean±SD: age 25±6 years, height 174±4.2 cm, body mass 64.4±6.1 kg and fat mass 7.48±2.82%) performed a graded exercise test until exhaustion to determine maximal parameters. They then completed a field-based uphill time-trial in a 9.2 km first category mountain pass with a 7.1% slope. Oxygen uptake (VO2), power output, heart rate, lactate concentration and perceived exertion variables were measured throughout the field-based test. Results: During the uphill time-trial, mean power output and velocity were: 302±7 W (4.2±0.1 W·kg-1) and 18.7±1.6 km/h, respectively. Mean VO2 and heart rate were: 61.6±2.0 ml·kg-1·min-1 and 178±2 bpm, respectively. Values were significantly affected by the first, second, sixth and final kilometers (p<0.05). Lactate concentration and perceived exertion were 10.87±1.12 mmol·l-1 and 19.1±0.1, respectively, at the end of the test, being significantly difference from baseline measures. Conclusion: The studied uphill time-trial is performed at 90% of maximum heart rate and VO2 and at 70% of maximum power output. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing cardiorespiratory parameters combined with measures of performance, perceived exertion and biochemical variables during a field-based uphill time-trial in elite cyclists.
- Published
- 2018
50. Effects of different breathing patterns on biochemical, cardiorespiratory and performance variables in young tennis players = Efectos de los diferentes patrones respiratorios sobre variables bioquímicas, cardiorrespiratorias y de rendimiento en jóvenes tenistas
- Author
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Cupeiro Coto, Rocío, Benito Peinado, Pedro José, Aparicio Asenjo, José Antonio, Rojo Tirado, Miguel Angel, Butragueño Revenga, Javier, and Peinado Lozano, Ana Belen
- Subjects
Ciencias Sociales ,Deportes - Abstract
Investigar el efecto de los diferentes patrones respiratorios (respiración espontánea como control, hiperventilación y espiración forzada) sobre variables bioquímicas, cardiorrespiratorias y de rendimiento tras una prueba específica de tenis. Trece tenistas, varones, bien entrenados y clasificados a nivel nacional participaron en este estudio. En tres sesiones diferentes, los jugadores realizaron un simulacro de entrenamiento de carrera lateral, modificando únicamente el patrón respiratorio (hiperventilación, espiración forzada o respiración espontánea) durante los períodos de recuperación de forma aleatoria y contrabalanceada. No se encontraron diferencias entre las tres pruebas en variables bioquímicas (pH: F2,12=0.118, P=0.890; pCO2: F2,24=1.24, P=0.307;[HCO3-]: F2,24=3.257, P=0.056;[La-] F2,24=0.179, P=0.838) excepto para el exceso de base (BE; F2,24=4.339, P=0.025). Por otra parte, la ventilación y la frecuencia respiratoria fueron diferentes entre las pruebas (VE: F2,24=23.134, P< 0.001; BF: F2,24=74.633, P< 0.001, respectivamente), mientras que VO2 y frecuencia cardíaca fueron similares (VO2: F2,24=0.031, P=0.9691; HR: F2,24=1.213, P=0.315, respectivamente). Finalmente, no se observaron diferencias relevantes para las variables de rendimiento, siendo la carrera media, la carrera máxima y la carrera de precisión similares entre las tres pruebas (F2,36=0.043, P=0.958; F2,36=0.007, P=0.993; F2,36=0.435, P=0.651, respectivamente). Parece que el rendimiento durante un entrenamiento de tenis submáximo específico no se ve influenciado por el patrón de respiración utilizado durante las recuperaciones. Por lo tanto, alterar el patrón de respiración no parece una buena estrategia para modificar el estado ácido-base durante la práctica del tenis.
- Published
- 2017
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