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1. Development of a score for early identification of children with Kawasaki disease requiring second-line treatment in multi-ethnic populations in Europe: A multicentre retrospective cohort study

Author: Naim Ouldali, Rosa Maria Dellepiane, Sofia Torreggiani, Lucia Mauri, Gladys Beaujour, Constance Beyler, Martina Cucchetti, Cécile Dumaine, Adriano La Vecchia, Isabelle Melki, Rita Stracquadaino, Caroline Vinit, Rolando Cimaz, and Ulrich Meinzer
Subjects: Kawasaki disease, Vasculitis, Pediatric rheumatology, Coronary artery, Echocardiography, Severity score, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Early identification of high-risk patients is essential to stratify treatment algorithms of Kawasaki disease (KD) and to appropriately select patients at risk for complicated disease who would benefit from intensified first-line treatment. Several scores have been developed and validated in Asian populations but have shown low sensitivity in predicting intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in non-Asian populations. We sought methods to predict the need for secondary treatment after initial IVIG in non-Asian populations. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study including consecutive patients with KD admitted to two tertiary pediatric hospitals in France and Italy from 2005 to 2019. We evaluated the performance of the Kawanet-score and compared it with the performances of initial echocardiography findings, and of a newly proposed score combining the Kawanet-score and initial echocardiography findings. For each score, we assessed the AUC, sensitivity and specificity for predicting the need for second-line treatment. Findings: We included 363 children with KD, 186 from France and 177 from Italy, of whom 57 (16%) required second-line therapy after the first IVIG dose. The Kawanet score, coronary artery dilation or aneurysm with maximal Z-score ≥2.0 at baseline, and abnormal initial echocardiography had a sensitivity of 43%, 55% and 65% and a specificity of 73%, 78%, 73%, respectively, for predicting the need for second-line treatment. The Kawanet-score was significantly improved by combining it with initial echocardiography findings. The best predictive performance (Sensitivity 76%, Specificity 54%) was obtained by combining the Kawanet-score with abnormal initial echocardiography, defined by the presence of either coronary artery maximal Z-score ≥2.0, pericarditis, myocarditis and/or ventricular dysfunction. This score predicted the need for second-line treatment in European, African/Afro-Caribbean and Asian ethnicity with a sensitivity of 80%, 65% and 100%, respectively, and a specificity of 56%, 51% and 61%, respectively. Interpretation: Our study proposes a score that we named the Kawanet-echo score, which allows early identification of children with KD who require a second-line treatment in multi-ethnic populations in Europe. Funding: None.
Published: 2022
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2. Off-label use of canakinumab in pediatric rheumatology and rare diseases

Author: Emanuela Del Giudice, Jurgen Sota, Francesca Orlando, Ludovica Picciano, Rolando Cimaz, Luca Cantarini, and Angela Mauro
Subjects: canakinumab, off-label use, hereditary autoinflammatory disease, multifactorial autoinflammatory disorder, children, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Since the first success of interleukin-1 blockade in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, the use of interleukin-1 inhibitors has expanded to other disorders, including off-label indications. In particular, canakinumab has been employed in an off-label fashion in several diseases such as rare monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and multifactorial autoinflammatory diseases, disclosing an excellent efficacy and good safety profile in pediatric patients unresponsive to standards of care. In addition, hyperferritinemic syndromes and complex disorders, as well as Kawasaki disease, uveitis, and other pediatric rare disorders, represent additional areas where canakinumab efficacy is worth exploring. Altogether, the results summarized below are of paramount importance in pediatric patients where a considerable proportion of treatments are prescribed off-label. This review focuses on the off-label use of canakinumab in pediatric patients affected by systemic immune-mediated diseases.
Published: 2022
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3. A peptide-based anti-Adalimumab antibody assay to monitor immune response to biologics treatment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and childhood chronic non-infectious uveitis

Author: Hendrik Rusche, Edoardo Marrani, Feliciana Real-Fernandez, Roberta Ponti, Francesco Terzani, Ilaria Maccora, Olivier Monasson, Maria Vincenza Mastrolia, Elisa Peroni, Ilaria Pagnini, Rolando Cimaz, Anna Maria Papini, Gabriele Simonini, and Paolo Rovero
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Immune response to biologics treatment, while widely reported, yet fails to correlate with clinical outcomes and assay to assay comparison is often not possible. Hence, we developed a new peptide based-detection assay to stratify pediatric patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or chronic non-infectious uveitis (CNU) and monitor anti-drug antibodies (ADAbs) formed as part of an immune response to treatment with the fully human monoclonal therapeutic antibody Adalimumab. Adalimumab derived synthetic peptides were optimized for maximum immunogenicity and were tested by SP-ELISA on a development cohort of 18 JIA and CNU treated patients. The two best performing peptides able to differentiate patient groups were selected for evaluation with a larger scale ELISA testing on a total of 29 sera from pediatric patients with JIA or CNU. The results of this peptide-based assay were compared to an in-house developed SPR biosensor ADAbs assay and a commercially available bridging ELISA. The first peptide, termed HC3, was able to positively detect ADAbs in 7 out of the 29 sera, while the second peptide, called LC3, was able to detect ADAbs in 11 out of 29 sera in the evaluation group. Following statistical data evaluation, it has been found that the detection of ADAbs using the peptide-based ELISA assay positively correlates with disease progression and remission. Two synthetic peptides derived from Adalimumab may provide a beneficial tool to clinicians for monitoring patient response to such treatment and taking informed decisions for treatment alternatives.
Published: 2021
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4. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Harlequin ichthyosis, a rare combination or the clinical spectrum of the disease? Report of a child treated with etanercept and review of the literature

Author: Francesco Baldo, Michela Brena, Simone Carbogno, Francesca Minoia, Stefani Lanni, Sophie Guez, Antonella Petaccia, Carlo Agostoni, Rolando Cimaz, and Giovanni Filocamo
Subjects: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Harlequin ichthyosis, Intra-articular corticosteroids injection, Etanercept, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is the most severe phenotype of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) represents a heterogenous group of disorders all sharing the clinical manifestation of chronic arthritis. Association of HI and chronic arthritis has been reported in few cases. Case presentation We report the case of a child with HI who developed a severe form of chronic polyarthritis during the first years of life, treated with repeated multiple joint injections, methotrexate and etanercept with good response and without any adverse events. Conclusion The reported case and the literature review highlighted the presence of a peculiar severe seronegative polyarthritis with early onset in a series of patients with HI, suggesting that polyarthritis may be a specific manifestation of HI, rather than a rare combination of two separate conditions.
Published: 2021
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5. Defining Kawasaki disease and pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome-temporally associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy: results from a national, multicenter survey

Author: Marco Cattalini, Sara Della Paolera, Fiammetta Zunica, Claudia Bracaglia, Manuela Giangreco, Lucio Verdoni, Antonella Meini, Rita Sottile, Roberta Caorsi, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Marianna Fabi, Davide Montin, Alessandra Meneghel, Alessandro Consolaro, Rosa Maria Dellepiane, Maria Cristina Maggio, Francesco La Torre, Alessandra Marchesi, Gabriele Simonini, Alberto Villani, Rolando Cimaz, Angelo Ravelli, Andrea Taddio, and on behalf of the Rheumatology Study Group of the Italian Pediatric Society
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, Kawasaki disease, Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome-temporally associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection, Myocarditis, Hypotension, Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus disease, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background There is mounting evidence on the existence of a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome-temporally associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection (PIMS-TS), sharing similarities with Kawasaki Disease (KD). The main outcome of the study were to better characterize the clinical features and the treatment response of PIMS-TS and to explore its relationship with KD determining whether KD and PIMS are two distinct entities. Methods The Rheumatology Study Group of the Italian Pediatric Society launched a survey to enroll patients diagnosed with KD (Kawasaki Disease Group – KDG) or KD-like (Kawacovid Group - KCG) disease between February 1st 2020, and May 31st 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, treatment information, and patients’ outcome were collected in an online anonymized database (RedCAP®). Relationship between clinical presentation and SARS-CoV-2 infection was also taken into account. Moreover, clinical characteristics of KDG during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (KDG-CoV2) were compared to Kawasaki Disease patients (KDG-Historical) seen in three different Italian tertiary pediatric hospitals (Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste; AOU Meyer, Florence; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa) from January 1st 2000 to December 31st 2019. Chi square test or exact Fisher test and non-parametric Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test were used to study differences between two groups. Results One-hundred-forty-nine cases were enrolled, (96 KDG and 53 KCG). KCG children were significantly older and presented more frequently from gastrointestinal and respiratory involvement. Cardiac involvement was more common in KCG, with 60,4% of patients with myocarditis. 37,8% of patients among KCG presented hypotension/non-cardiogenic shock. Coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) were more common in the KDG. The risk of ICU admission were higher in KCG. Lymphopenia, higher CRP levels, elevated ferritin and troponin-T characterized KCG. KDG received more frequently immunoglobulins (IVIG) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (81,3% vs 66%; p = 0.04 and 71,9% vs 43,4%; p = 0.001 respectively) as KCG more often received glucocorticoids (56,6% vs 14,6%; p
Published: 2021
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6. Childhood multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C): a diagnostic and treatment guidance from the Rheumatology Study Group of the Italian Society of Pediatrics

Author: Marco Cattalini, Andrea Taddio, Claudia Bracaglia, Rolando Cimaz, Sara Della Paolera, Giovanni Filocamo, Francesco La Torre, Bianca Lattanzi, Alessandra Marchesi, Gabriele Simonini, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Fiammetta Zunica, Alberto Villani, Angelo Ravelli, and on behalf of the Rheumatology Study Group of the Italian Society of Pediatrics
Subjects: Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Italy was the first Western country to be hit by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. There is now mounting evidence that a minority of children infected with SARS-CoV2 may experience a severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome, called Multisystem inflammatory Syndrome associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (MIS-C). To date no universally agreed approach is available for this disease. Main body as Italy is now facing a second hity of COVID-19 cases, we fear a recrudescence of MIS-C cases. We have, therefore, decided to prepare a report that will help clinicians to face this novel and challenging disease. We propose a diagnostic algorithm, to help case definition and guide work-up, and a therapeutic approach. MIS-C should be promptly recognized, based on the presence of systemic inflammation and specific organ involvement. Early treatment is crucial, and it will be based on the combined use of corticosteroids, high-dose immunoglobulins and anti-cytokine treatments, depending on the severity of the disease. Ancillary treatments (such as. aspirin and thrombo-profilaxis) will be also discussed. Conclusions we propose a document that will help physicians to diagnose and treat MIS-C patients. Given the level of evidence available and the methodology used, this document should not be interpreted as a guideline; the final decision about the optimal management should still be taken by the caring physician, on an individual basis.
Published: 2021
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7. Revised recommendations of the Italian Society of Pediatrics about the general management of Kawasaki disease

Author: Alessandra Marchesi, Donato Rigante, Rolando Cimaz, Angelo Ravelli, Isabella Tarissi de Jacobis, Alessandro Rimini, Fabio Cardinale, Marco Cattalini, Andrea De Zorzi, Rosa Maria Dellepiane, Patrizia Salice, Aurelio Secinaro, Andrea Taddio, Paolo Palma, Maya El Hachem, Elisabetta Cortis, Maria Cristina Maggio, Giovanni Corsello, and Alberto Villani
Subjects: Kawasaki disease, Coronary artery abnormalities, Intravenous immunoglobulin, Aspirin, Children, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Aim of these revised recommendations for the general management of Kawasaki disease is to encourage its prompter recognition and warrant the most appropriate therapy, based on ascertained scientific data, raising awareness of the complications related to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. A set of 20 synthetic operative statements is herein provided, including the definition of Kawasaki disease, its protean presentations, clinical course and seminal treatment modalities of all disease phases. The application of these recommendations should improve prognosis of Kawasaki disease and prevent the progression to permanent vascular abnormalities, thereby diminishing morbidity and mortality.
Published: 2021
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8. Pregnancy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: maternal and foetal outcome, and impact on disease activity

Author: Maria Gerosa, Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola, Francesca Pregnolato, Irene Pontikaki, Angela Flavia Luppino, Lorenza Maria Argolini, Laura Trespidi, Manuela Wally Ossola, Enrico M. Ferrazzi, Roberto Caporali, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Objective: This retrospective cohort study describes the modulation of disease activity during gestation and in the year following delivery as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes in a monocentric cohort of women with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Disease activity was assessed using DAS28-CRP before conception and every 3 months during pregnancy and in the first year postpartum. The risk of complicated pregnancies was measured applying a generalized estimating equation model. Changes in disease activity during gestation and in the first year postpartum were assessed in a linear mixed model for repeated measures. Results: Thirty-one women (49 pregnancies) with persisting JIA and at least one conception were enrolled. Adjusted DAS28-CRP levels remained stable from preconception through the first trimester, but increased significantly in the second and decreased not significantly in the third. In the postpartum, adjusted disease activity peaked at 3 months after delivery, stabilized at 6 months to decrease at 1 year, although not significantly. Preconceptional DAS28-CRP and number of biological drugs predicted disease activity fluctuation during gestation. The number of biological drugs and the length of gestational exposure to biologics significantly predicted pregnancy morbidity. In particular, JIA women had a higher probability of preterm delivery compared with healthy and disease controls. Adjusted for breastfeeding and DAS28-CRP score in the third trimester, postconceptional exposure to biologics was inversely related with disease activity in the postpartum: the longer the patient continued treatment, the lower the probability of experiencing an adverse pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: These data offer novel insights on how treatment affects disease activity during pregnancy and postpartum as well as obstetric outcomes in women with JIA.
Published: 2022
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9. New Insights and Challenges Associated With IgA Vasculitis and IgA Vasculitis With Nephritis—Is It Time to Change the Paradigm of the Most Common Systemic Vasculitis in Childhood?

Author: Marija Jelusic, Mario Sestan, Teresa Giani, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: IgA vasculitis, IgA vasculitis nephritis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnostics, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: What are the challenges ahead and how have we responded so far when it comes to the non-granulomatous systemic vasculitis, characterized mainly by deposits of IgA immune complexes in the endothelium of small blood vessels—IgA vasculitis (IgAV)? That is the question to which we tried to answer. We summarized existing knowledge about epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetics, diagnostic tests and therapy in this somewhat neglected entity in pediatric rheumatology. Since etiopathogenesis of IgA vasculitis is complex, with factors other than galactose-deficient IgA1-containing immune complexes also being important, and may involve numerous interactions between environmental and genetic factors, genomics alone cannot explain the entirety of the risk for the disease. The incidence of IgAV and nephritis varies worldwide and may be a consequence of overlapping genetic and environmental factors. In addition to the role of the HLA class II genes, some studies have pointed to the importance of non-HLA genes, and modern geostatistical research has also indicated a geospatial risk distribution, which may suggest the strong influence of different environmental factors such as climate, pathogen load, and dietary factors. The application of modern geostatistical methods until recently was completely unknown in the study of this disease, but thanks to the latest results it has been shown that they can help us a lot in understanding epidemiology and serve as a guide in generating new hypotheses considering possible environmental risk factors and identification of potential genetic or epigenetic diversity. There is increasing evidence that an integrative approach should be included in the understanding of IgA vasculitis, in terms of the integration of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics. This approach could result in the discovery of new pathways important for finding biomarkers that could stratify patients according to the risk of complications, without an invasive kidney biopsy which is still the gold standard to confirm a diagnosis of nephritis, even if biopsy findings interpretation is not uniform in clinical practice. Ultimately, this will allow the development of new therapeutic approaches, especially important in the treatment of nephritis, for which there is still no standardized treatment.
Published: 2022
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10. Beyond Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome: The Relevance of Complement From Pathogenesis to Pregnancy Outcome in Other Systemic Rheumatologic Diseases

Author: Silvia Cavalli, Paola Adele Lonati, Maria Gerosa, Roberto Caporali, Rolando Cimaz, and Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola
Subjects: rheumatology, pregnancy, complement, biomarker, pathogenesis, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Evidence about the relevance of the complement system, a highly conserved constituent of the innate immunity response that orchestrates the elimination of pathogens and the inflammatory processes, has been recently accumulated in many different rheumatologic conditions. In rheumatoid arthritis, complement, mainly the classical pathway, contributes to tissue damage especially in seropositive subjects, with complement activation occurring in the joint. Data about complement pathways in psoriatic arthritis are dated and poorly consistent; among patients with Sjögren syndrome, hypocomplementemia exerts a prognostic role, identifying patients at risk of extra-glandular manifestations. Hints about complement involvement in systemic sclerosis have been recently raised, following the evidence of complement deposition in affected skin and in renal samples from patients with scleroderma renal crisis. In vasculitides, complement plays a dual role: on one hand, stimulation of neutrophils with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) results in the activation of the alternative pathway, on the other, C5a induces translocation of ANCA antigens, favouring the detrimental role of antibodies. Complement deposition in the kidneys identifies patients with more aggressive renal disease; patients with active disease display low serum levels of C3 and C4. Even though in dermatomyositis sC5b-9 deposits are invariably present in affected muscles, data on C3 and C4 fluctuation during disease course are scarce. C3 and C1q serum levels have been explored as potential markers of disease activity in Takayasu arteritis, whereas data in Behçet disease are limited to in vitro observations. Pregnancies in women with rheumatologic conditions are still burdened by a higher rate of pregnancy complications, thus the early identification of women at risk would be invaluable. A fine-tuning of complement activation is required from a physiological progression of pregnancy, from pre-implantation stages, through placentation to labour. Complement deregulation has been implicated in several pregnancy complications, such as recurrent abortion, eclampsia and premature birth; low complement levels have been shown to reliably identify women at risk of complications. Given its physiologic role in orchestrating pregnancy progression and its involvement as pathogenic effector in several rheumatologic conditions, complement system is an attractive candidate biomarker to stratify the obstetric risk among women with rheumatologic conditions.
Published: 2022
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11. High prevalence of rare FBLIM1 gene variants in an Italian cohort of patients with Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO)

Author: Adamo Pio d’Adamo, Anna Monica Bianco, Giovanna Ferrara, Martina La Bianca, Antonella Insalaco, Alberto Tommasini, Manuela Pardeo, Marco Cattalini, Francesco La Torre, Martina Finetti, Clotilde Alizzi, Gabriele Simonini, Virginia Messia, Serena Pastore, Rolando Cimaz, Marco Gattorno, Andrea Taddio, and for the Italian Pediatric Rheumatology Study Group
Subjects: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis, FBLIM1 gene, Bone sterile inflammation, Autoinflammatory disease, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background FBLIM1 gene has been recently demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of bone sterile inflammation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of FBLIM1 gene variants in a cohort of 80 Italian patients with Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO). Methods The coding regions of FBLIM1 gene were sequenced in a cohort of 80 patients with CNO using DNA extracted from blood lymphocytes, and PCR products were sequenced. Only rare (global MAF
Published: 2020
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12. Usefulness of magnetic resonance enterography in detecting signs of sacroiliitis in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Author: Teresa Giani, Azzurra Bernardini, Massimo Basile, Marco Di Maurizo, Anna Perrone, Sara Renzo, Viola Filistrucchi, Rolando Cimaz, and Paolo Lionetti
Subjects: Sacroiliitis, Pediatric, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Arthritis is often an underestimated extraintestinal manifestation in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including sacroiliitis, whose early signs are well detectable at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is an accurate imaging modality for pediatric IBD assessment. We studied the possibility to detect signs of sacroiliac inflammation in a group of children with IBD who underwent MRE for gastrointestinal disease evaluation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed MRE scans performed in pediatric patients with IBD. We looked for signs of sacroiliitis taking the ASAS (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society) criteria as a model. Presence of bone marrow edema (using T2W sequences with fat suppression), diffusion restriction in Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) or Diffusion Weighted Imaging with Background Suppression (DWIBS), and dynamic contrast enhancement were evaluated. Each SI joint was divided into 4 quadrants: upper iliac, lower iliac, upper sacral, and lower sacral. Two blinded observers with experience in pediatric and skeletal imaging independently evaluated the images. Cases upon which there was a disagreement were evaluated by the two reviewing radiologists and a third radiologist with similar experience together. Results We enrolled 34 patients (24 males and 10 females, with mean age at scanning 14.3 years, median 15.3 years; 2 affected by ulcerative colitis, 32 by Crohn’s disease) for a total of 59 examinations performed at the time of their first diagnosis or at symptom exacerbations. No patient complained of musculoskeletal symptoms, neither had pathological findings at articular examination. At the time of MRE 25 patients were under treatment for their IBD. Five patients had radiological signs of SI inflammation at MRE, albeit of mild degree. All patients with SI joint edema also had a restricted diffusion in DWIBS or DWI and almost everyone had contrast media uptake. Conclusions Sacroiliitis is one of the extraintestinal manifestation associated with IBD; it is often asymptomatic and clinically underdetected, with an unrelated progression with respect to the underlying IBD. MRE offers the possibility to study SI joints in young patients with IBD who undergo MRE for the investigation of their intestinal condition. Furthermore, we observed that gadolinium enhancement does not improve diagnostic specificity in sacroiliiitis detection.
Published: 2020
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13. COVID-19 and what pediatric rheumatologists should know: a review from a highly affected country

Author: Francesco Licciardi, Teresa Giani, Letizia Baldini, Ennio Giulio Favalli, Roberto Caporali, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Children, Respiratory syndrome, Italy, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract On March 11th, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The infection, transmitted by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov), was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and then rapidly spread worldwide. Italy was early and severely involved, with a critical spread of the infection and a very high number of victims. Person-to-person spread mainly occurs via respiratory droplets and contact. The median incubation period is 5 days. The spectrum of respiratory symptoms may range from mild to severe, strictly depending on the age of the patient and the underlying comorbidities. In children COVID-19 related disease is less frequent and less aggressive. In Italy 1% of positive cases are under 18 years of age, and no deaths have been recorded before 29 years of age. For patients affected by rheumatic disease, despite the concerns related to the imbalance of their immune response and the effect of immunosuppressive treatments, there are still few data to understand the real consequences of this infection. Major scientific societies have issued recommendations to help rheumatologists in caring their patients. Interestingly, some of the drugs mostly used by rheumatologists appear to be promising in critical COVID-19 infected patients, where the hyperinflammation and cytokine storm seem to drive to the multiorgan failure. Pediatric rheumatologists are expected to play a supporting role in this new front of COVID-19 pandemic, both as general pediatricians treating infected children, and as rheumatologists taking care of their rheumatic patients, as well as offering their experience in the possible alternative use of immunomodulatory drugs.
Published: 2020
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14. Maintenance of antibody response to diphtheria/tetanus vaccine in patients aged 2–5 years with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis receiving subcutaneous abatacept

Author: Hermine I. Brunner, Nikolay Tzaribachev, Gabriel Vega Cornejo, Rik Joos, Elisabeth Gervais, Rolando Cimaz, Inmaculada Calvo Penadés, Rubén Cuttica, Thomas Lutz, Pierre Quartier, Yash Gandhi, Marleen Nys, Robert Wong, Alberto Martini, Daniel J. Lovell, Nicolino Ruperto, and for the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group and the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation
Subjects: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Abatacept, Biologic DMARDs, Vaccination, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), receiving disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs with immunosuppressive effects, may be at increased risk of vaccine-preventable infections. This substudy assessed protective antibody responses to diphtheria and tetanus vaccination given prior to study enrolment in patients with pJIA. Findings This was a substudy of a 24-month, single-arm, open-label, multicenter, Phase III trial (NCT01844518) of subcutaneous abatacept in children with active pJIA (N = 219). Patients aged 2–5 years, with ≥2 continuous months of weekly weight-tiered (10– 0.1 IU/mL), and safety, were assessed. Overall, 29 patients were analyzed: 19 (65.5%), 1 (3.4%) and 9 (31.0%) patients had > 12, 6–12 and 2–
Published: 2020
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15. Editorial: Pathogenesis, Clinical Findings, and Treatment Advances in Kawasaki Disease

Author: Teresa Giani, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Rolando Cimaz, and Caroline Galeotti
Subjects: Kawasaki, coronary, coronary arterial lesions, aneurysm, vasculitis, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Published: 2021
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16. Increased Immunity against the Oral Germs Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in Different Categories of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Author: Franck Zekre, Rolando Cimaz, Mireille Paul, Teresa Giani, Louis Waeckel, Anne-Emmanuelle Berger, Jean-Louis Stephan, Myriam Normand, Stéphane Paul, and Hubert Marotte
Subjects: juvenile idiopathic arthritis, oligoarthritis, enthesis related arthritis, anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody, anti-Prevotella intermedia antibody, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: (1) Background: The link between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is now widely reported. Several studies suggest the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in the pathophysiology of RA and some observations highlight the improvement of the disease activity induced by therapies against P. gingivalis. We have very little data on the prevalence of P. gingivalis carriage in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and its possible involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory joint diseases in children. (2) Methods: The specific IgG responses against P. gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) were determined in a cohort of 101 patients with JIA and 19 patients with other autoimmune diseases (inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes). (3) Results: Specific anti-P. gingivalis and anti-P. intermedia IgG titers were higher in JIA group than in control groups. These differences were mainly observed in the oligoarthritis group. The same pattern was observed in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). (4) Conclusions: Children with oligoarticular and ERA subsets had higher IgG titers to P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. These results suggest involvement of an oral dysbiosis in the occurrence of JIA in these subgroups.
Published: 2022
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17. Long Term Experience in Patients With JIA-Associated Uveitis in a Large Referral Center

Author: Luca Marelli, Micol Romano, Irene Pontikaki, Maurizio Virgilio Gattinara, Paolo Nucci, Rolando Cimaz, and Elisabetta Miserocchi
Subjects: JIA-associated uveitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, pediatric uveitis, safety, ocular complications, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Objectives: To describe demographic, clinical and therapeutic findings of a large cohort of patients with JIA-associated uveitis in a nationwide referral pediatric rheumatology and uveitis center in Northern Italy.Methods: Retrospective study of 125 patients with JIA-associated uveitis followed from 2009 to 2019. Demographic and rheumatologic features including JIA ILAR classification, age at onset, and laboratory data were recorded. Ocular findings collected were: anatomic location of uveitis, laterality, type, recurrence rate, visual acuity, ocular complications, and local therapy. Systemic therapy with conventional and biologic immunosuppressants, occurrence of adverse events, and duration of treatments were recorded.Results: One hundred and twenty-five patients with JIA-associated uveitis were followed for a meantime of 9.2 (±1.7) years. Oligoarticular JIA was present in 92.8% of patients and anterior uveitis in 96%. The most common ocular complications recorded in our sample were posterior synechiae (37.6%), cataract (20.8%), band keratopathy (19.2%), glaucoma (7.2%), and macular edema (5.6%). Conventional immunosuppressants were used in 75.2% of patients with a mean duration of 9.1 years (±5.4), while biologics were administered in 47.2% of them for a period of 5.4 years. Adverse events (AE) were seen in 23% of patients being treated with Methotrexate, in 10.4% of patients treated with Adalimumab, in 38.5% of patients in therapy with Infliximab, and in 14.3% of patients being treated with Tocilizumab. No AE were reported in patients treated with Golimumab, Certolizumab, Abatacept and Rituximab.Conclusions: An aggressive treatment approach for patients with JIA-associated uveitis ensured a low number of ocular complications with a good safety profile.
Published: 2021
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18. 20 Paediatric SLE

Author: David Isenberg, Rolando Cimaz, and Alexandre Belot
Subjects: Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Published: 2021
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19. Kawasaki disease in infants less than one year of age: an Italian cohort from a single center

Author: Greta Mastrangelo, Rolando Cimaz, Giovani Battista Calabri, Gabriele Simonini, Donatella Lasagni, Massimo Resti, and Sandra Trapani
Subjects: Kawasaki disease, Infant, Coronary artery aneurysms, AST, Caucasians, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background and aims Few data are currently available for Kawasaki disease (KD) below 12 months especially in Caucasians. This study aims to analyze clinical and laboratory features of KD among an Italian cohort of infants. Methods A retrospective chart review of KD children aged less than 1 year at time of disease onset between January 2008–December 2017 was performed. Clinical data, laboratory parameters, instrumental findings, treatment and outcome were collected in a customized database. Results Among 113 KD patients, 32 (28.3%) were younger than 1 year. Nineteen patients aged below 6 months, and three below 3 months. The median age was 5.7 ± 2.7 months. The mean time to diagnosis was 7 ± 3 days and was longer in the incomplete forms (8 ± 4 vs 6 ± 1 days). Conjunctival injection was present in 26 patients (81.2%); rash in 25 (78.1%); extremity changes in 18 (56.2%); mucosal changes in 13 (40.6%,) and lymphadenopathy only in 7 (21.8%). Mucosal changes were the least common features in incomplete forms (18.2%). Twenty-two patients (68.7%) had incomplete KD. Nineteen (59.4%) had cardiac involvement, of whom 13 (59.0%) had incomplete form. ESR, PCR and platelet values were higher in complete KD; especially, ESR resulted significantly higher in complete forms (80 ± 25.7 mm/h vs 50 ± 28.6 mm/h; p = 0.01). Conversely, AST level was statistically significant higher in patients with incomplete forms (95.4 ± 132.7 UI/L vs 29.8 ± 13.2 UI/L; p = 0.03). All patients received IVIG. Response was reported in 26/32 patients; 6 cases needed a second dose of IVIG and one required a dose of anakinra. Conclusion In our cohort, incomplete disease was commonly found, resulting in delayed diagnoses and poor cardiac prognosis. Infants with incomplete KD seem to have a more severe disease and a greater predilection for coronary involvement than those with complete KD. AST was significantly higher in incomplete forms, thus AST levels might be a new finding in incomplete forms’ diagnosis. Eventually, we highlight a higher resistance to IVIG treatment. To our knowledge this is the first study involving an Italian cohort of patients with KD below 12 months.
Published: 2019
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20. Different histological classifications for Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: which one should be used?

Author: Marija Jelusic, Mario Sestan, Rolando Cimaz, and Seza Ozen
Subjects: Henoch-Schönlein purpura, IgA Vasculitis, Glomerulonephritis, Biopsy, Histology, Children, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Nephritis is the most important chronic complication of IgA Vasculitis (IgAV)/Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IGAV/HSP) and thus the main prognostic factor of this most common childhood vasculitis. Since the prognosis and treatment selection depends on the mode of interpretation of biopsy material, in this manuscript we have presented several issues related to the uneven application of different histological classifications in IgAV/Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). The nephritis of IgAV/IGAV/HSP will be abbreviated as HSPN for this paper. Main body In clinical practice we use different histological classifications for HSPN. It is not known which of these classifications best correlates with severity of renal disease and renal outcome in IgAV/IGAV/HSP. One of the major problem with existing histological classifications is that there is no consensus on the implementation of biopsy in the treatment of HSPN. There is a histologic classification system conventionally used in HSPN, of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC). On the other hand there is the new classification system suggested for IgA nephropathy, the Oxford classification. The latter has been validated only in IgA nephropathy. There are also two further histologic classifications of Haas and Koskela that have been developed. Current treatment strategies in HSPN are not standardised nor predominantly based on histological classification. Conclusion One of the possible solutions to problems related to the application of different histological classification in HSPN is the implementation of multicenter multinational prospective studies with joint collaboration between pediatric rheumatologists, nephrologists and nephropathologists to correlate the clinical features and outcome with the classification systems as well among the classifications. This classification should be the basis for the construction of guidelines for the treatment of patients with HSPN.
Published: 2019
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21. Septic Arthritis and Related Conditions

Author: Teresa Giani and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: n/a, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Arthritis is a common condition that any pediatrician may have to deal with [...]
Published: 2022
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22. Acute Rheumatic Fever: Where Do We Stand? An Epidemiological Study in Northern Italy

Author: Achille Marino, Rolando Cimaz, Maria Antonietta Pelagatti, Giulia Tattesi, Andrea Biondi, Laura Menni, Marco Sala, Patrizia Calzi, Francesco Morandi, Francesca Cortinovis, Anna Cogliardi, Claudia Addis, Roberto Bellù, Massimo Andreotti, and Tiziana Varisco
Subjects: acute rheumatic fever, group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, carditis, Jones criteria, penicillin, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a non-septic complication of group A β-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) throat infection. Since 1944, ARF diagnosis relies on the Jones criteria, which were periodically revised. The 2015 revision of Jones criteria underlines the importance of knowing the epidemiological status of its own region with updated data. This study aims to describe ARF features in a retrospective cohort retrieved over a 10-year timespan (2009–2018) and to report the annual incidence of ARF among children in the Province of Monza-Brianza, Lombardy, Italy during the same period. This is a multicentric cross-sectional/retrospective study; 70 patients (39 boys) were diagnosed with ARF. The median age at diagnosis was 8.5 years (range, 4–14.2 years). Overall, carditis represented the most reported major Jones criteria followed by arthritis and chorea (40, 27, and 20 cases, respectively). In order to calculate the annual incidence of ARF, only children resident in the Province of Monza-Brianza were included in this part of the analysis. Therefore, 47 patients aged between 5 and 14 years were identified. The median incidence during the study time was 5.7/100,000 (range, 2.8–8.3/100,000). In the Province of Monza-Brianza, we found an incidence rate of ARF among children aged 5–14 years constantly above the threshold of low-risk area as defined in the 2015 revision of Jones criteria. Therefore, the diagnosis of ARF should be based on the moderate–high-risk set of Jones criteria. However, given the burden of secondary prophylaxis, expert opinion is advisable when the diagnosis of ARF is uncertain.
Published: 2021
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23. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials and Visual Potentials in Kawasaki Disease: An Observational Monocentric Study

Author: Maria Cristina Maggio, Giovanni Corsello, Giuseppe Salvo, Domenico Giuseppe Puma, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: kawasaki disease, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials, coronary artery lesions, intravenous immunoglobulins, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Background: Kawasaki Disease is a systemic vasculitis, particularly involving coronary arteries. Rare involvement of other vascular districts is described, as central nervous system arteries, leading to a vasculitic neuropathy. Sensorineural hearing loss and alterations of evoked potentials are uncommonly reported complications.Methods: In an observational monocentric study, 59 children (37 males; 22 females; mean age: 2.7 ± 2.2 years) with documented Kawasaki Disease were enrolled. No risk factors for hearing loss and/or neurological impairment were identified in the cohort. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials were correlated with clinical, hamatological and radiological data, evaluated in the acute phase of the Kawasaki Disease, and during the follow-up.Results: Evoked potentials were altered in 39/59 patients (66%): of these, 27/39 (69%) showed altered IV and V waves and/or III-V interwave latencies of brainstem auditory evoked potentials; 4/39 (10%) showed pathological visual evoked potentials; 8/39 (21%) had abnormalities of both brainstem auditory evoked potentials and visual evoked potentials. No permanent deafness was reported.Conclusion: Abnormalities in visual evoked potentials were not significantly correlated with coronary artery lesions; however, the presence of abnormalities of brainstem auditory evoked potentials were associated with the risk of coronary artery lesions.
Published: 2020
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24. Case Report: Infantile Ischemic Stroke and Antiphospholipid Antibodies, Description of Four Cases

Author: Teresa Giani, Angela Mauro, Giovanna Ferrara, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: APS—antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, perinatal stroke, brain damage, autoimmune disorders, transplacental passage autoantibodies, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare condition in childhood, but even more in the neonatal age. Most neonatal cases are considered a passively acquired autoimmune disease, due to a transplacental passage of maternal antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) from mothers with primary or secondary APS or, more often, from asymptomatic aPL carriers. Exceedingly unusual is the neonatal de novo production of aPL. We present four infants with presumed perinatal stroke in presence of increased and persistent aPL levels, even after 6 months of life, opening the window on a gray zone related to the origin of these antibodies (maternal or neonatal) and on their role in the pathogenesis of stroke.
Published: 2020
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25. Is it Kawasaki shock syndrome, Kawasaki-like disease or pediatric inflammatory multisystem disease? The importance of semantic in the era of COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Isabelle Kone-Paut and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: A few weeks after the peak of the global 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic, cases of shock, multisystem inflammation and severe myocarditis have occurred in children and adolescents, generating some concerns and above all many questions. An almost immediate association raised with shock syndrome related to Kawasaki disease (KD). However, in light of bo/th experience and literature have taught us about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection, and what already known on the epidemiology of KD, we suggest here the hypothesis of a new ‘post-viral’ systemic inflammatory disease related to excessive adaptive immune response rather than a form of KD caused by SARS-COV-2. We discuss analogies and differences between the two forms.
Published: 2020
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26. SARS-COV-2 Infection and Kawasaki Disease: Case Report of a Hitherto Unrecognized Association

Author: Marco Cazzaniga, Lucia Augusta Baselli, Rolando Cimaz, Sophie Suzanne Guez, Raffaella Pinzani, and Rosa Maria Dellepiane
Subjects: Kawasaki disease, SARS-COV-2, children, paralytic ileus, cytokine storm, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Coronavirus-associated disease (COVID-19) was firstly reported at the end of 2019. Generally, COVID-19 seems to be a less severe disease in children than in adults. According to the current literature, children account approximately for 2% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases. Northern Italy is one of the geographical areas mainly affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We describe a pediatric patient diagnosed and treated for atypical/incomplete Kawasaki Disease (KD) complicated with paralytic ileus, who also resulted positive for SARS-COV-2.
Published: 2020
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27. Where Is Pediatric Rheumatology Going, and Why a New Section of Frontiers in Pediatrics?

Author: Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: pediatric rheumatology, pediatric, rheumatology, arthritis, juvenile, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Published: 2020
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28. Periodic fever syndromes and the autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs)

Author: Achille Marino, Francesca Tirelli, Teresa Giani, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: Autoinflammation, Autoinflammatory diseases, Periodic fevers, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: Innate immune system represents the ancestral defense against infectious agents preserved along the evolution and species; it is phylogenetically older than the adaptive immune system, which exists only in the vertebrates. Cells with phagocytic activity such as neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in innate immunity. In 1999 Kastner et al. first introduced the term “autoinflammation” describing two diseases characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation without any identifiable infectious trigger: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) and TNF Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS). Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are caused by self-directed inflammation due to an alteration of innate immunity leading to systemic inflammatory attacks typically in an on/off mode. In addition to inflammasomopathies, nuclear factor (NF)-κB-mediated disorders (also known as Rhelopathies) and type 1 interferonopathies are subjects of more recent studies.This review aims to provide an overview of the field with the most recent updates (see “Most recent developments in..” paragraphs) and a description of the newly identified AIDs.
Published: 2020
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29. Clinical Features at Onset and Genetic Characterization of Pediatric and Adult Patients with TNF-α Receptor—Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS): A Series of 80 Cases from the AIDA Network

Author: Carla Gaggiano, Antonio Vitale, Laura Obici, Giampaolo Merlini, Alessandra Soriano, Ombretta Viapiana, Marco Cattalini, Maria Cristina Maggio, Giuseppe Lopalco, Davide Montin, Masen Abdel Jaber, Lorenzo Dagna, Raffaele Manna, Antonella Insalaco, Matteo Piga, Francesco La Torre, Virginia Berlengiero, Viviana Gelardi, Luisa Ciarcia, Giacomo Emmi, Piero Ruscitti, Francesco Caso, Rolando Cimaz, José Hernández-Rodríguez, Paola Parronchi, Ludovico Luca Sicignano, Elena Verrecchia, Florenzo Iannone, Jurgen Sota, Salvatore Grosso, Carlo Salvarani, Bruno Frediani, Roberto Giacomelli, Maria Antonietta Mencarelli, Alessandra Renieri, Donato Rigante, and Luca Cantarini
Subjects: Pathology, RB1-214
Abstract: This study explores demographic, clinical, and therapeutic features of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) in a cohort of 80 patients recruited from 19 Italian referral Centers. Patients’ data were collected retrospectively and then analyzed according to age groups (disease onset before or after 16 years) and genotype (high penetrance (HP) and low penetrance (LP) TNFRSF1A gene variants). Pediatric- and adult-onset were reported, respectively, in 44 and 36 patients; HP and LP variants were found, respectively, in 32 and 44 cases. A positive family history for recurrent fever was reported more frequently in the pediatric group than in the adult group (p
Published: 2020
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30. Methotrexate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: advice and recommendations from the MARAJIA expert consensus meeting

Author: Giovanna Ferrara, Greta Mastrangelo, Patrizia Barone, Francesco La Torre, Silvana Martino, Giovanni Pappagallo, Angelo Ravelli, Andrea Taddio, Francesco Zulian, Rolando Cimaz, and On behalf of the Rheumatology Italian Study Group
Subjects: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Methotrexate, Consensus, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Conventional pharmacological therapies for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) consist of non-biological, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, among which methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly prescribed. However, there is a lack of consensus-based clinical and therapeutic recommendations for the use of MTX in the management of patients with JIA. Therefore, the Methotrexate Advice and RecommendAtions on Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (MARAJIA) Expert Meeting was convened to develop evidence-based recommendations for the use of MTX in the treatment of JIA. Methods The preliminary executive committee identified a total of 9 key clinical issues according to the population, intervention, comparator, outcome (PICO) approach, and performed an evidence-based, systematic, literature review. During the subsequent Expert Meeting, the relevant evidence was assessed and graded, and 10 recommendations were made. Results Recommendations relating to the efficacy, optimal dosing and route of administration and duration of treatment with MTX in JIA, and to the issue of folic acid supplementation to prevent MTX side effects, use of MTX in the treatment of chronic JIA-associated uveitis, combination treatment with biologic agents, and the use of vaccinations in patients with JIA were developed. The selected topics were considered to represent clinically important issues facing clinicians caring for patients with JIA. Evidence was insufficient to formulate recommendations for the use of biomarkers predictive of treatment response. Conclusions These consensus recommendations provide balanced and evidence-based recommendations designed to have broad value for physicians and healthcare clinicians involved in the clinical management of patients with JIA.
Published: 2018
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31. Recurrent Pericarditis in Children and Adolescents

Author: Enrico Tombetti, Teresa Giani, Antonio Brucato, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: pericarditis, myopericarditis, children, adolescents, pediatric, autoinflammatory diseases, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Recurrent pericarditis (RP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by recurrent attacks of acute pericardial inflammation. Prognosis quoad vitam is good, although morbidity might be significant, especially in children and adolescents. Multiple potential etiologies result in RP, in the vast majority of cases through autoimmune or autoinflammatory mechanisms. Idiopathic RP is one of the most frequent diagnoses, that requires the exclusion of all known etiologies. Therapeutic advances in the last decade have been significant with the recognition of the effectiveness of anti IL1 therapy, but a correct diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm is of key importance. Unfortunately, most of evidence comes from studies in adult patients. Here we review the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of RP in pediatric patients.
Published: 2019
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32. Common symptoms for a rare disease in a girl with sarcoidosis: a case report

Author: Mattia Giovannini, Michele Luzzati, Giovanna Ferrara, Anna Maria Buccoliero, Gabriele Simonini, Maurizio de Martino, Rolando Cimaz, and Teresa Giani
Subjects: Paediatric sarcoidosis, Hepato-splenomegaly, Lymphadenopathy, Asthenia, Mycophenolate mofetil, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Background Sarcoidosis in pediatric age is uncommon and challenging diagnosis, because manifestations can be significantly variable and non-specific since it is a multisystem disease, and virtually any organ system may be involved. Case presentation In this report, we describe the case of a 12-year-old girl presenting with fatigue and weight loss, with a painless hepato-splenomegaly without additional clinical signs on physical examination. In our patient, once we had ruled out infections, malignancies and granulomatous diseases of childhood, we made diagnosis of sarcoidosis, finding suggestive histological features in two different tissues (liver and lymph nodes) with lung involvement. Conclusions Our case points out that pediatricians should consider sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis in case of systemic symptoms, even in absence of other specific clinical clues, because they represent the most common clinical manifestations on presentation in children, in order to refer promptly the young patient to specialist evaluation.
Published: 2018
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33. Acute Arthritis in Children: How to Discern between Septic and Non-Septic Arthritis?

Author: Lisa Gamalero, Giovanna Ferrara, Teresa Giani, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: arthritis, acute, septic, children, differential diagnosis, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: The term septic arthritis refers to an infection of the synovial space. This is an infrequent condition in healthy children, but it should be considered a medical emergency potentially leading to irreversible articular damage. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment play a crucial role in improving the prognosis. Although septic arthritis is the most common cause of acute arthritis, many other diseases may mimic a similar clinical picture, constituting a diagnostic challenge for the clinician who first approaches the patient. Herein we analyze the main features of septic arthritis, offering an overview of the main conditions involved in the differential diagnosis and suggesting a diagnostic workup plan.
Published: 2021
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34. A national cohort study on pediatric Behçet’s disease: cross-sectional data from an Italian registry

Author: Romina Gallizzi, Caterina Pidone, Luca Cantarini, Martina Finetti, Marco Cattalini, Giovanni Filocamo, Antonella Insalaco, Donato Rigante, Rita Consolini, Maria Cristina Maggio, Adele Civino, Silvana Martino, Alma Nunzia Olivieri, Giovanna Fabio, Serena Pastore, Angela Mauro, Diana Sutera, Giuseppe Trimarchi, Nicolino Ruperto, Marco Gattorno, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: Behçet’s disease, Children, Clinical features, Diagnostic criteria, Treatment, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Behçet’s disease is a rare multi-systemic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology which involves principally oral and genital mucosa, skin and eyes. Average age at onset of the disease is about 25-30 years, but it may be diagnosed before the age of 16. It is not very rare in Italy, even though there are limited data concerning epidemiology. Aim of this study is to describe the baseline data of an Italian cohort of patients with as having BD or probable BD. Methods We described the baseline data of the first national epidemiological study on children coming from 16 Italian Pediatric Rheumatologic Centers diagnosed by the treating physicians as having Behçet’s Disease. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical features and therapy were collected. We then compared our findings to those of international pediatric cohort studies and also retrospectively evaluated the ability to diagnose BD using ISG, ICBD and, for the first time, the new PEDBD criteria. Results The study included 110 patients (62 M, 48F). Average age at onset was 8.34±4.11 years. The frequencies of signs/symptoms were: recurrent oral aphtosis 94.5%, genital ulcers 33.6%, ocular 43.6%, gastrointestinal 42.7%, musculoskeletal 42.7%, neurological 30.9% and vascular involvement 10%. Thirty-two patients (29.1%) fulfilled ISG, 78 (70.9%) ICBD, 50 (45.5%) PEDBD criteria and 31 (28%) didn’t fulfill any of them. The most frequently used treatments were colchicine and corticosteroids followed by immunosuppressants. Four patients received biologic therapy (anti TNF-α and anti-IL-1) to treat severe organ involvement. Conclusions Recurrent oral aphtosis was the most frequent clinical manifestation, followed by ocular involvement. Gastrointestinal lesions were more frequent in Italy than in non-European countries as opposed to genital ulcers. Skin, ocular and vascular manifestations had a higher frequency in males and genital ulcers in females. Constitutional symptoms were present in 44.5% and recurrent fever in one third of our population.
Published: 2017
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35. Correction to: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Harlequin ichthyosis, a rare combination or the clinical spectrum of the disease? Report of a child treated with etanercept and review of the literature

Author: Francesco Baldo, Michela Brena, Simone Carbogno, Francesca Minoia, Stefano Lanni, Sophie Guez, Antonella Petaccia, Carlo Agostoni, Rolando Cimaz, and Giovanni Filocamo
Subjects: Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Published: 2021
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36. Proceedings of the 24th Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: Part three

Author: Erato Atsali, Dimitra Kassara, Pelagia Katsimbri, Sorina Boiu, Dimitrios T. Boumpas, Vana Papaevangelou, Olena A. Oshlyanska, Ludmila I. Omelchenko, Tatiana A. Ljudvik, Katerina Bouchalova, Marcel Schüller, Jana Franova, Jarmila Skotakova, Marie Macku, Antoni Fellas, Fiona Hawke, Derek Santos, Andrea Coda, Anthi Kelempisioti, Paula Keskitalo, Virpi Glumoff, Petri Kulmala, Paula Vahasalo, Mohammed A. Mozaffar, Asraa K. Turkistani, Samaa O. Sangoof, Vladislav Sevostyanov, Elena Zholobova, Evangelia Bountouvi, konstantinos Theodoropoulos, Renata Moutsiou, Christina Tsalapaki, Talia Diaz, Sofia Osorio, Maria Teresa Braña, Yuridiana Ramirez, Luis Aparicio, Andres Rodriguez, Enrique Faugier, Rocio Maldonado, Maria Francesca Gicchino, Carmela Granato, Giulia Macchini, Daniela Capalbo, Alma Nunzia Olivieri, Nathan Hasson, Achille Marino, Sona Narula, Melissa Lerman, Maria Amelia Muñoz Calonge, Sara Maria Murias Loza, Rosa Maria Alcobendas, Agustin Remesal, Esmeralda Núñez-Cuadros, Rocio Galindo Zavala, Gisela Díaz-Cordovés Rego, Cristina Antúnez Fernández, Yaiza García Molina, Antonio L. Urda Cardona, Nihal Sahin, Habibe S. Durmus, Ayse S. Pinarbasi, Zubeyde Gunduz, Muammer H. Poyrazoglu, Zehra F. Karaman, Turhan Oktem, Mithat Oner, Ruhan Dusunsel, Gordana Susic, Tamara Krstajic, Dragana Vujovic, Nedeljko Radlovic, Zoran Lekovic, Dusica Novakovic, Gordana Milosevski Lomic, Karina Mördrup, Gunilla Hesselstrand, Iva Sorić, Lovro Lamot, Mandica Vidovic, Mirta Lamot, Miroslav Harjacek, Eva Adank, Elvira Cannizzaro Schneider, Eiman Abdalla, Irfan Ullah, L. Jeyaseelan, Reem Abdwani, Laila A. L. Shaqsi, Ibrahim A. l. Zakwani, Antonis Fanouriakis, Mahesh Janarthanan, Dhanarathnamoorthy Vetrichelvan, P. Ramachandran, Sangeetha Geminiganesan, Dinesh Kumar, Subba Rao, Eleni-Maria Papatesta, Despoina Maritsi, Irini Eleftheriou, Maria Tsolia, Olga Vougiouka, Mustafa Çakan, Nuray Aktay Ayaz, Şerife Gül Karadağ, Gonca Keskindemirci, Vladimir Keltsev, Lyudmila Grebenkina, Kwang Nam Kim, Jong Gyun Ahn, Young Dae Kim, Maria Cristina Maggio, Rolando Cimaz, Maria Concetta Failla, Piera Dones, Mirella Collura, Giovanni Corsello, Jung-Woo Rhim, Ki-Hwan Kim, Soo-Young Lee, Seung-Beom Han, Jin-Han Kang, Jae-Hee Chung, Soo-Jung Lee, Dae-Chul Jeong, Andrei Santimov, Regina Rupp, Igor Alekseev, Natalya Plutova, Ekaterina Moskvina, Marina Kruchina, Aleksandra Tarasenko, Natalya Sokolova, Ekaterina Saveleva, Ilia Bogdanov, Dmitrii Ivanov, Tatiana Kandrina, Olga Kopanevich, Anastasiia Grafskaia, Natalia Ignateva, Daria Pulukchu, Natalia Pavlova, Olga Kalashnikova, Tatiana Kornishina, Margarita Dubko, Vyacheslav Chasnyk, Mikhail Kostik, Shama Sowdagar, Janani Sankar, Venkateswari Ramesh, Iulia E. Szabo, Claudia Sirbe, Cristina Pamfil, Laura Damian, Simona Rednic, Maria Deac, Mihaela Sparchez, Ileana Filipescu, Mirela Parvu, Dumitrita Balint, and Ancuta Nicoara
Subjects: Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Published: 2017
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37. Atypical presentation of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: two case reports

Author: Maria Cristina Maggio, Greta Mastrangelo, Aldo Skabar, Alessandro Ventura, Marco Carrozzi, Giuseppe Santangelo, Francesca Vanadia, Giovanni Corsello, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Teratoma, Psychiatric symptoms, Chorea, Speech disorders, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by severe neurological and psychiatric symptoms and a difficult diagnosis. The disease is often secondary to a neoplastic lesion, seldom diagnosed years later. Psychiatric symptoms are prevalent in adults; neurologic symptoms are more evident in children, who typically present primarily with neurological symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, the association with juvenile idiopathic arthritis has not been described. Case presentation We report the cases of two caucasian girls with an atypical presentation. The first patient was an 8-year-old girl with normal psychomotor development. Over a 4-month period she developed behavioral problems, speech impairment, and deterioration in academic skills. Within 8 months from the onset of symptoms, choreic movements gradually appeared. Hematological, neuroradiological, and neurophysiological examinations were negative; however, her symptoms worsened and treatment with prednisone was started. Although her choreic movements improved within 1 month, her neuropsychological and behavioral symptoms continued. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and in blood were detected. Therapy with intravenously administered immunoglobulins was administered, without improvement of symptoms. After 2 months of steroid treatment, she suddenly started to pronounce some words with a progressive improvement in language and behavior. The second patient was a 14-year-old girl with classic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, treated successfully with intravenously administered immunoglobulins and methylprednisolone, followed by orally administered prednisone, who developed chronic arthritis of the hip. The arthritis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and associated to antinuclear antigen antibody positivity. One year after the encephalitis presentation, an ovarian cystic mass was identified as a teratoma. The surgical resection of the mass was followed by the resolution of the psychotic spectrum and arthritis. Conclusions Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in pediatric patients can present initially with neuropsychological and behavioral symptoms. In the literature, the association of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is not yet described: to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported. The link to a neoplastic lesion can explain the favorable course of encephalitis and arthritis, after the surgical resection of the mass. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the patient’s outcome.
Published: 2017
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38. Clinical practice variation and need for pediatric-specific treatment guidelines among rheumatologists caring for children with ANCA-associated vasculitis: an international clinician survey

Author: Clara Westwell-Roper, Joanna M. Lubieniecka, Kelly L. Brown, Kimberly A. Morishita, Cherry Mammen, Linda Wagner-Weiner, Eric Yen, Suzanne C. Li, Kathleen M. O’Neil, Sivia K. Lapidus, Paul Brogan, Rolando Cimaz, David A. Cabral, and for ARChiVe Investigators Network within the PedVas initiative
Subjects: Pediatric rheumatology, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Microscopic polyangiitis, Physician practice patterns, Clinical practice guidelines, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Because pediatric antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is rare, management generally relies on adult data. We assessed treatment practices, uptake of existing clinical assessment tools, and interest in pediatric treatment protocols among rheumatologists caring for children with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Methods A needs-assessment survey developed by an international working group of pediatric rheumatologists and two nephrologists was circulated internationally. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Pearson’s chi-square tests were used in inferential univariate analyses. Results The 209 respondents from 36 countries had collectively seen ~1600 children with GPA/MPA; 144 had seen more than two in the preceding 5 years. Standardized and validated clinical assessment tools to score disease severity, activity, and damage were used by 59, 63, and 36%, respectively; barriers to use included lack of knowledge and limited perceived utility. Therapy varied significantly: use of rituximab rather than cyclophosphamide was more common among respondents from the USA (OR = 2.7 [1.3-5.5], p = 0.0190, n = 139), those with >5 years of independent practice experience (OR = 3.8 [1.3-12.5], p = 0.0279, n = 137), and those who had seen >10 children with GPA/MPA in their careers (OR = 4.39 [2.1-9.1], p = 0.0011, n = 133). Respondents who had treated >10 patients were also more likely to continue maintenance therapy for at least 24 months (OR = 3.0 [1.4-6.4], p = 0.0161, n = 127). Ninety six percent of respondents believed in a need for pediatric-specific treatment guidelines; 46% supported adaptation of adult guidelines while 69% favoured guidelines providing a limited range of treatment options to allow comparison of effectiveness through a registry. Conclusions These data provide a rationale for developing pediatric-specific consensus treatment guidelines for GPA/MPA. While pediatric rheumatologist uptake of existing clinical tools has been limited, guideline uptake may be enhanced if outcomes of consensus-derived treatment options are evaluated within the framework of an international registry.
Published: 2017
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39. Proceedings of the 23rd Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: part one

Author: F. De Benedetti, J. Anton, M. Gattorno, H. Lachmann, I. Kone-Paut, S. Ozen, J. Frenkel, A. Simon, A. Zeft, E. Ben-Chetrit, H. M. Hoffman, Y. Joubert, K. Lheritier, A. Speziale, J. Guido, Roberta Caorsi, Federica Penco, Alice Grossi, Antonella Insalaco, Maria Alessio, Giovanni Conti, Federico Marchetti, Alberto Tommasini, Silvana Martino, Romina Gallizzi, Annalisa Salis, Francesca Schena, Francesco Caroli, Alberto Martini, Gianluca Damonte, Isabella Ceccherini, Marco Gattorno, Marie-Louise Frémond, Carolina Uggenti, Lien Van Eyck, Isabelle Melki, Darragh Duffy, Vincent Bondet, Yoann Rose, Bénédicte Neven, Yanick Crow, Mathieu P. Rodero, Yvonne Kusche, Johannes Roth, Katarzyna Barczyk-Kahlert, Giovanna Ferrara, Annalisa Chiocchetti, Silvio Polizzi, Josef Vuch, Diego Vozzi, Anna Mondino, Erica Valencic, Serena Pastore, Andrea Taddio, Flavio Faletra, Umberto Dianzani, Ugo Ramenghi, Qing Zhou, Xiaomin Yu, Erkan Demirkaya, Natalie Deuitch, Deborah Stone, Wanxia Tsai, Amanda Ombrello, Tina Romeo, Elaine F. Remmers, JaeJin Chae, Massimo Gadina, Steven Welch, Seza Ozen, Rezan Topaloglu, Mario Abinun, Daniel L. Kastner, Ivona Aksentijevich, Donatella Vairo, Rosalba Monica Ferraro, Giulia Zani, Jessica Galli, Micaela De Simone, Marco Cattalini, Elisa Fazzi, Silvia Giliani, Ebun Omoyinmi, Ariane Standing, Dorota Rowczenio, Annette Keylock, Sonia Melo Gomes, Fiona Price-Kuehne, Sira Nanthapisal, Claire Murphy, Thomas Cullup, Lucy Jenkins, Kimberly Gilmour, Despina Eleftheriou, Helen Lachmann, Philip Hawkins, Nigel Klein, Paul Brogan, Anita Dhanrajani, Mercedes Chan, Stephanie Pau, Janet Ellsworth, Jaime Guzman, Florence A. Aeschlimann, Marinka Twilt, Simon W. Eng, Shehla Sheikh, Ronald M. Laxer, Diane Hebert, Damien Noone, Christian Pagnoux, Susanne M. Benseler, Rae S. Yeung, Christoph Kessel, Katrin Lippitz, Toni Weinhage, Claas Hinze, Helmut Wittkowski, Dirk Holzinger, Niklas Grün, Dirk Föll, Pieter Van Dijkhuizen, Federica Del Chierico, Clara Malattia, Alessandra Russo, Denise Pires Marafon, Nienke M. ter Haar, Silvia Magni-Manzoni, Sebastiaan J. Vastert, Bruno Dallapiccola, Berent Prakken, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Lorenza Putignani, Berna Eren Fidanci, Kenan Barut, Serap Arıcı, Dogan Simsek, Mustafa Cakan, Ezgi D. Batu, Sezgin Şahin, Ayşenur Kısaarslan, Ebru Yilmaz, Özge Basaran, Ferhat Demir, Kubra Ozturk, Zübeyde Gunduz, Betül Sozeri, Balahan Makay, Nuray Ayaz, Onder Yavascan, Ozlem Aydog, Yelda Bilginer, Zelal Ekinci, Dilek Yıldız, Faysal Gök, Muferret Erguven, Erbil Unsal, Ozgur Kasapcopur, For the FMF Arthritis Vasculitis and Orphan Disease Research in Paediatric Rheumatology (FAVOR), Hafize E. Sönmez, Betül Sözeri, Yonatan Butbul, Seza Özen, Claudia Bracaglia, Giusi Prencipe, Manuela Pardeo, Geneviève Lapeyre, Emiliano Marasco, Walter Ferlin, Robert Nelson, Cristina de Min, N. Ruperto, H. I. Brunner, P. Quartier, T. Constantin, E. Alexeeva, K. Marzan, N. Wulffraat, R. Schneider, S. Padeh, V. Chasnyk, C. Wouters, J. B. Kuemmerle-Deschner, T. Kallinich, B. Lauwerys, E. Haddad, E. Nasonov, M. Trachana, O. Vougiouka, K. Leon, E. Vritzali, A. Martini, D. Lovell, PRINTO/PRCSG, Stefano Volpi, Claudia Pastorino, Francesca Kalli, Alessia Omenetti, Sabrina Chiesa, Arinna Bertoni, Paolo Picco, Gilberto Filaci, Elisabetta Traggiai, Marie-Louise Fremond, Naoki Kitabayashi, Olivero Sacco, Isabelle Meyts, Marie-Anne Morren, Carine Wouters, Eric Legius, Isabelle Callebaut, Christine Bodemer, Frederic Rieux-Laucat, Mathieu Rodero, Nadia Jeremiah, Alexandre Belot, Eric Jeziorski, Didier Bessis, Guilhem Cros, Gillian I. Rice, Bruno Charbit, Anne Hulin, Nihel Khoudour, Consuelo Modesto Caballero, Monique Fabre, Laureline Berteloot, Muriel Le Bourgeois, Philippe Reix, Thierry Walzer, Despina Moshous, Stéphane Blanche, Alain Fischer, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat, K. Annink, N. ter Haar, S. Al-Mayouf, G. Amaryan, K. Barron, S. Benseler, P. Brogan, L. Cantarini, M. Cattalini, A. Cochino, F. Dedeoglu, A. De Jesus, O. Dellacasa, E. Demirkaya, P. Dolezalova, K. Durrant, G. Fabio, R. Gallizzi, R. Goldbach-Mansky, E. Hachulla, V. Hentgen, T. Herlin, M. Hofer, H. Hoffman, A. Insalaco, A. Jansson, I. Koné-Paut, A. Kozlova, J. Kuemmerle-Deschner, R. Laxer, S. Nielsen, I. Nikishina, A. Ombrello, E. Papadopoulou-Alataki, A. Ravelli, D. Rigante, R. Russo, Y. Uziel, Nienke ter Haar, Jerold Jeyaratnam, Anna Simon, Matteo Doglio, Jordi Anton, Consuelo Modesto, Pierre Quartier, Esther Hoppenreijs, Luca Cantarini, Loredana Lepore, Inmaculada Calvo Penades, Christina Boros, Rita Consolini, Donato Rigante, Ricardo Russo, Jana Pachlopnik Schmid, Thirusha Lane, Nicolino Ruperto, Joost Frenkel, Chiara Passarelli, Elisa Pisaneschi, Virginia Messia, Antonio Novelli, Fabrizio Debenedetti, P. A. Brogan, X. Wei, Martina Finetti, Francesca Orlando, Elisabetta Cortis, Angela Miniaci, Nicola Ruperto, Charlotte Eijkelboom, Pavla Dolezalova, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Marija Jelusic-Drazic, Liliana Bezrodnik, Mari Carmen Pinedo, Valda Stanevicha, Marielle van Gijn, Silvia Federici, Hermann Girschick, Gerd Ganser, Susan Nielsen, Troels Herlin, Sulaiman Mohammed Al-Mayouf, Michael Hofer, Jasmin Kuemmerle-Deschner, Susanne Schalm, Annette Jansson, on behalf of PRINTO and Eurofever registry, Marta Marchi, Chiara Marini, Angelo Ravelli, Alberto Garaventa, Sonia Carta, Enrica Balza, Patrizia Castellani, Caterina Pellecchia, Silvia Borghini, Maria Libera Trotta, Anna Rubartelli, Andrew Henrey, Thomas Loughin, Roberta Berard, Natalie Shiff, Roman Jurencak, Susanne Benseler, Lori Tucker, on behalf of ReACCh-Out Investigators, Charalampia Papadopoulou, Ying Hong, Petra Krol, Yiannis Ioannou, Clarissa Pilkington, Hema Chaplin, Stephania Simou, Marietta Charakida, Lucy Wedderburn, Lynn R. Spiegel, Sara Ahola Kohut, Jennifer Stinson, Paula Forgeron, Miriam Kaufman, Nadia Luca, Khush Amaria, Mary Bell, J Swart, F. Boris, E. Castagnola, A. Groll, G. Giancane, G. Horneff, H. I. Huppertz, T. Wolfs, E. Alekseeva, V. Panaviene, F. Uettwiller, V. Stanevicha, L. M. Ailioaie, E. Tsitami, S. Kamphuis, G. Susic, F. Sztajnbok, B. Flato, A. Pistorio, Stephanie J. W. Shoop, Suzanne M. M. Verstappen, Janet E. McDonagh, Wendy Thomson, Kimme L. Hyrich, CAPS, Maarit Tarkiainen, Pirjo Tynjala, Pekka Lahdenne, Janne Martikainen, Acute-JIA Study Group, Meredyth Wilkinson, Christopher Piper, Georg Otto, Claire T. Deakin, Stefanie Dowle, Stefania Simou, Daniel Kelberman, Claudia Mauri, Elizabeth Jury, David Isenberg, Lucy R. Wedderburn, Kiran Nistala, I. Foeldvari, D. J. Lovell, G. Simonini, M. Bereswill, J. Kalabic, Kiem Oen, Brian M. Feldman, Brenden Dufault, Jennifer Lee, Karen Watanabe Duffy, Ciaran Duffy, ReACCh-Out Investigators, N. Tzaribachev, G. Vega-Cornejo, I. Louw, A. Berman, I. Calvo, R. Cuttica, F. Avila-Zapata, R. Cimaz, E. Solau-Gervais, R. Joos, G. Espada, X. Li, M. Nys, R. Wong, S. Banerjee, For Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO)/Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCSG), Rebecca Nicolai, Margherita Verardo, Adele D’Amico, Luisa Bracci-Laudiero, Gian Marco Moneta, Gillian Rice, Anne-Laure Mathieu, Sulliman O. Omarjee, Tracy A. Briggs, James O’Sullivan, Simon Williams, Rolando Cimaz, Eve Smith, Michael W. Beresford, Yanick J. Crow, GENIAL Investigators, UK JSLE Study Group, Madeleine Rooney, Nick Bishop, joyce davidson, Clarissa pilkington, Michael Beresford, Jacqui Clinch, Rangaraj Satyapal, Helen Foster, Janet Gardner Medwin, Janet McDonagh, Sue Wyatt, On Behalf of the British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Valentina Litta Modignani, Francesco Baldo, Stefano Lanni, Alessandro Consolaro, Giovanni Filocamo, Helen J. Lachmann, on behalf of Eurofever Registry, Gianmarco Moneta, Camilla Celani, Bilade Cherqaoui, Linda Rossi-Semerano, Perrine Dusser, Véronique Hentgen, Claire Grimwood, Linda Rossi, Isabelle Kone Paut, Veronique Hentgen, Denise Lasigliè, Denise Ferrera, Giulia Amico, Marco Di Duca, Laura Obici, Roberto Ravazzolo, Ryuta Nishikomori, Juan Arostegui, Andrea Petretto, Chiara Lavarello, Elvira Inglese, Federica Vanoni, Michaël Hofer, on behalf of EUROFEVER PROJECT, P. N. Hawkins, T. van der Poll, U. A. Walker, H. H. Tilson, Pascal N. Tyrrell, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, Norbert Blank, Hal M. Hoffman, Elisabeth Weissbarth-Riedel, Boris Huegle, Tilmann Kallinich, Ahmet Gul, Marlen Oswald, Fatma Dedeoglu, Aki Hanaya, Takako Miyamae, Manabu Kawamoto, Yumi Tani, Takuma Hara, Yasushi Kawaguchi, Satoru Nagata, Hisashi Yamanaka, Almira Ćosićkić, Fahrija Skokić, Belkisa Čolić, Sanimir Suljendić, Anna Kozlova, Irina Mersiyanova, Mariya Panina, Lily Hachtryan, Vasiliy Burlakov, Elena Raikina, Alexey Maschan, Anna Shcherbina, Banu Acar, Meryem Albayrak, Betul Sozeri, Sezgin Sahin, Amra Adrovic, Nese Inan, Serhan Sevgi, Caroline M. Andreasen, Anne Grethe Jurik, Mia B. Glerup, Christian Høst, Birgitte T. Mahler, Ellen-Margrethe Hauge, Cecilia Lazea, Laura Damian, Calin Lazar, Rodica Manasia, Chloe M. Stephenson, Vimal Prajapati, Paivi M. Miettunen, Dilek Yılmaz, Yavuz Tokgöz, Yasin Bulut, Harun Çakmak, Ferah Sönmez, Elif Comak, Gülşah Kaya Aksoy, Mustafa Koyun, Sema Akman, Yunus Arıkan, Ender Terzioğlu, Osman Nidai Özdeş, İbrahim Keser, Hüseyin Koçak, Ayşen Bingöl, Aygen Yılmaz, Reha Artan, X. Xu, Fatemeh F. Mehregan, Vahid Ziaee, Mohammad H. Moradinejad, Francesco La Torre, Clotilde Alizzi, Pio D’Adamo, G. Junge, J. Gregson, Hasmik Sargsyan, Hulya Zengin, Berna E. Fidanci, Cagla Kaymakamgil, Dilek Konukbay, Dilek Yildiz, Faysal Gok, Iris Stoler, Judith Freytag, Banu Orak, Christine Seib, Lars Esmann, Eva Seipelt, Faekah Gohar, Dirk Foell, Ismail Dursun, Sebahat Tulpar, Sibel Yel, Demet Kartal, Murat Borlu, Funda Bastug, Hakan Poyrazoglu, Zubeyde Gunduz, Kader Kose, Mehmet E. Yuksel, Abdullah Calıskan, Ahmet B. Cekgeloglu, Ruhan Dusunsel, Katerina Bouchalova, Jana Franova, Marcel Schuller, Marie Macku, Katerina Theodoropoulou, Raffaella Carlomagno, Annette von Scheven-Gête, Claudia Poloni, Laura O. Damian, Dan Cosma, Amanda Radulescu, Dan Vasilescu, Liliana Rogojan, Simona Rednic, Mihaela Lupse, Lien De Somer, Pierre Moens, Rocio Galindo Zavala, Laura Martín Pedraz, Esmeralda Núñez Cuadros, Gisela Díaz-Cordovés Rego, Antonio L. Urda Cardona, Ilaria Dal Forno, Sara Pieropan, Ombretta Viapiana, Davide Gatti, Gloria Dallagiacoma, Paola Caramaschi, Domenico Biasi, Daniel Windschall, Ralf Trauzeddel, Hartwig Lehmann, Rainer Berendes, Maria Haller, Manuela Krumrey-Langkammerer, Antje Nimtz-Talaska, Philipp Schoof, Ralf Felix Trauzeddel, Christine Nirschl, Estefania Quesada-Masachs, Carla Aguilar Blancafort, Sara Marsal Barril, Francisca Aguiar, Rita Fonseca, Duarte Alves, Ana Vieira, Alberto Vieira, Jorge A. Dias, Iva Brito, Gordana Susic, Vera Milic, Goran Radunovic, Ivan Boricic, Pauline Marteau, Catherine Adamsbaum, Michel De Bandt, Irène Lemelle, Chantal Deslandre, Tu Anh Tran, Anne Lohse, Elisabeth Solau-Gervais, Pascal Pillet, Julien Wipff, Cécile Gaujoux-Viala, Sylvain Breton, Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec, Sandra Gran, Olesja Fehler, Stefanie Zenker, Michael Schäfers, Thomas Vogl, Severine Guillaume Czitrom, EH Pieter Van Dijkhuizen, Silvia Magni Manzoni, Francesca Magnaguagno, Laura Tanturri de Horatio, Nienke M. Ter Haar, Annemieke S. Littooij, Vitor A. Teixeira, Raquel Campanilho-Marques, Ana F. Mourão, Filipa O. Ramos, Manuela Costa, Wafa A. Madan, Orla G. Killeen, Adriana Rodriguez Vidal, Diana Sueiro Delgado, Maria Isabel Gonzalez Fernandez, Berta Lopez Montesinos, Aleksey Kozhevnikov, Nina Pozdeeva, Mikhail Konev, Evgeniy Melchenko, Vladimir Kenis, Gennadiy Novik, Aysenur Pac Kısaarslan, Butsabong Lerkvaleekul, Suphaneewan Jaovisidha, Witaya Sungkarat, Niyata Chitrapazt, Praman Fuangfa, Thumanoon Ruangchaijatuporn, Soamarat Vilaiyuk, Dan Ø. Pradsgaard, Arne Hørlyck, Anne H. Spannow, Carsten W. Heuck, Talia Diaz, Fernando Garcia, Lorenia De La Cruz, Nadina Rubio, Joanna Świdrowska-Jaros, Elzbieta Smolewska, Mirta Lamot, Lovro Lamot, Mandica Vidovic, Edi Paleka Bosak, Ivana Rados, Miroslav Harjacek, Nikolay Tzaribachev, Polymnia Louka, Romiesa Hagoug, Chiara Trentin, Olga Kubassova, Mark Hinton, Mikael Boesen, Olena A. Oshlianska, Illya A. Chaikovsky, G. Mjasnikov, A. Kazmirchyk, Umberto Garagiola, Irene Borzani, Paolo Cressoni, Fabrizia Corona, Eszter Dzsida, Giampietro Farronato, Antonella Petaccia, Alenka Gagro, Agneza Marija Pasini, Goran Roic, Ozren Vrdoljak, Lucija Lujic, Matija Zutelija-Fattorini, Monika M. Esser, Deepthi R. Abraham, Craig Kinnear, Glenda Durrheim, Mike Urban, Eileen Hoal, Victoria B. Nikolayenko, Kubilay Şahin, Yasar Karaaslan, Adele Civino, Giovanni Alighieri, Sergio Davì, Roberto Rondelli, Andrea Magnolato, Francesca Ricci, Alma Olivieri, Valeria Gerloni, Bianca Lattanzi, Francesca Soscia, Alessandro De Fanti, Stefania Citiso, Lorenzo Quartulli, Maria Cristina Maggio, Manuela Marsili, Maria Antonietta Pelagatti, Valentino Conter, Franca Fagioli, Andrea Pession, Marco Garrone, Mariangela Rinaldi, Jaime De Inocencio, Stella Garay, Daniel J. Lovell, Berit Flato, EPOCA Study Group, Angela Aquilani, Simona Cascioli, Ivan Caiello, Denise Pires-Marafón, Rita Carsetti, Emily Robinson, Salvatore Albani, Wilco de Jager, Sytze de Roock, Trang Duong, Justine Ellis, Kimme Hyrich, Laetitia Jervis, Daniel Lovell, Lucy Marshall, Elizabeth D. Mellins, Kirsten Minden, Jane Munro, Peter A. Nigrovic, Jason Palman, Sunil Sampath, Laura E. Schanberg, Susan D. Thompson, Richard Vesely, Chris Wallace, Chris Williams, Qiong Wu, Nico Wulffraat, Rae S. M. Yeung, M. B. Seyger, D. Arikan, J. K. Anderson, A. Lazar, D. A. Williams, C. Wang, R. Tarzynski-Potempa, J. S. Hymans, Gabriele Simonini, Erika Scoccimarro, Irene Pontikaki, Teresa Giani, Alessandro Ventura, Pier Luigi Meroni, Gaetana Minnone, Marzia Soligo, Luigi Manni, Luisa Bracci Laudiero, Noortje Groot, I. Grein, N. M. Wulffraat, R. Schepp, G. Berbers, C. C. Barbosa Sandoval de Souza, V. Paes Leme Ferriani, G. Pileggi, S. de Roock, Ingrid H. R. Grein, Silvia Scala, Elisa Patrone, Casper Schoemaker, on behalf of Dutch JIA patient organization, Wendy Costello, on behalf of ENCA, Suzanne Parsons, Jean-David Cohen, Damien Bentayou, Marc-Antoine Bernard Brunel, Sonia Trope, Jens Klotsche, Miriam Listing, Martina Niewerth, Gerd Horneff, Angelika Thon, Hans-Iko Huppertz, Kirsten Mönkemöller, Ivan Foeldvari, ICON study group, Achille Marino, Stefano Stagi, Niccolò Carli, Federico Bertini, Adriana S. Díaz-Maldonado, Sally Pino, Pilar Guarnizo, Alfonso Ragnar Torres-Jimenez, Berenice Sanchez-Jara, Eunice Solis-Vallejo, Adriana Ivonne Cespedes-Cruz, Maritza Zeferino-Cruz, Julia Veronica Ramirez-Miramontes, Ankur Kumar, Anju Gupta, Deepti Suri, Amit Rawat, Nandita Kakkar, Surjit Singh, Özge A. Gücenmez, Erbil Ünsal, Bo Magnusson, Karina Mördrup, Anna Vermé, Christina Peterson, Board of the Swedish Pediatric Rheumatology Registry, Caroline Freychet, Jean Louis Stephan, Cathryn E. Harkness, Leanne Foster, Emma Henry, Pauline Taggart, Coskun F. Ozkececi, Esra Kurt, Gokalp Basbozkurt, Daiva Gorczyca, Jacek Postępski, Aleksandra Czajkowska, Bogumiła Szponar, Mariola Paściak, Anna Gruenpeter, Iwona Lachór-Motyka, Daria Augustyniak, Edyta Olesińska, Emediong S. Asuka, Tatyana Golovko, Samuel U. Aliejim, Emilio Inarejos Clemente, Estibaliz Iglesias Jimenez, Joan Calzada Hernandez, Sergi Borlan Fernandez, Clara Gimenez Roca, David Moreno Romo, Natalia Rodriguez Nieva, Juan Manuel Mosquera Angarita, Jordi Anton Lopez, Esmeralda Nuñez-Cuadros, Gisela Diaz-Cordovés, Rocío Galindo-Zavala, Antonio Urda-Cardona, Antonio Fernández-Nebro, Daniel Álvarez de la Sierra, Marina Garcia Prat, Mónica Martínez Gallo, Ricardo Pujol Borrell, Ana M. Marín Sánchez, Etienne Merlin, Sylvie Fraitag, Jean-Louis Stephan, Federico Annoni, Giancarla Di Landro, Sofia Torreggiani, Marta Torcoletti, Georgina Tiller, Jo Buckle, Angela Cox, Peter Gowdie, Roger C. Allen, Jonathan D. Akikusa, Hayde G. Hernández-Huirache, Edel R. Rodea-Montero, William Fahy, Christelle Sordet, Karin B. Berggren, Johanna T. Kembe, Joyce Bos, Wineke Armbrust, Marco van Brussel, Jeanette Cappon, Pieter Dijkstra, Jan Geertzen, Elizabeth Legger, Marion van Rossum, Pieter Sauer, Otto Lelieveld, Levent Buluc, Gur Akansel, Bahar Muezzinoglu, Ljubov Rychkova, Tatyana Knyazeva, Anna Pogodina, Tatyana Belova, Tamara Mandzyak, Ekaterina Kulesh, Alessandro Cafarotti, Cosimo Giannini, Roberta Salvatore, Giuseppe Lapergola, Caterina Di Battista, Maria Loredana Marcovecchio, Raffaella Basilico, Piernicola Pelliccia, Francesco Chiarelli, Luciana Breda, Beverley Almeida, Sarah Tansley, Harsha Gunawardena, Neil McHugh, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG), Jessie Aouizerate, Marie De Antonio, Christine Barnerias, Guillaume Bassez, Isabelle Desguerre, Romain Gherardi, Jean-Luc Charuel, François-Jérôme Authier, Cyril Gitiaux, C. H. Spencer, Rabheh Abdul Aziz, Chack-Yung Yu, Brent Adler, Sharon Bout-Tabaku, Katherine Lintner, Melissa Moore-Clingenpeel, Liza McCann, Nicola Ambrose, Mario Cortina-Borja, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Cohort and Biomarker Study (JCDBS), Prasad T. Oommen, Fabian Speth, Johannes-Peter Haas, Working Group “Juvenile Dermatomyositis” of the German Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (GKJR), Claudio Lavarello, Gabriella Giancane, Angela Pistorio, Lisa Rider, Rohit Aggarwal, Sheila K. Oliveira, Ruben Cuttica, Michel Fischbach, Gary Sterba, Karine Brochard, Frank Dressler, Patrizia Barone, Ruben Burgos-Vargas, Elizabeth Candell Chalom, Marine Desjonqueres, Graciela Espada, Anders Fasth, Stella Maris Garay, Rose-Marie Herbigneaux, Claire Hoyoux, Chantal Job Deslandre, Frederick W. Miller, Jiri Vencovsky, Erdal Sag, Gulsev Kale, Haluk Topaloglu, Beril Talim, Francesco Zulian, Tadej Avcin, Roberto Marini, Anne Pagnier, Michel Rodiere, Christine Soler, Rebecca Ten Cate, Yosef Uziel, Jelena Vojinovic, Ana V. Villarreal, Nydia Acevedo, Yuridiana Ramirez, Enrique Faugier, Rocio Maldonado, Bita Arabshahi, John H. Lee, Ian Leibowitz, Lawrence O. Okong’o, Jo Wilmshurst, Monika Esser, Christiaan Scott, Ezgi Deniz Batu, Nagehan Emiroglu, Hafize Emine Sonmez, Gokcen Dilsa Tugcu, Zehra Serap Arici, Ebru Yalcin, Deniz Dogru, Ugur Ozcelik, Mithat Haliloglu, Nural Kiper, Masato Yashiro, Mutsuko Yamada, Toshihiko Yabuuchi, Tomonobu Kikkawa, Nobuyuki Nosaka, Yosuke Fujii, Yukie Saito, Hirokazu Tsukahara, Sulaiman M. Al-Mayouf, Nora AlMutiari, Mohammed Muzaffer, Rawiah shehata, Adel Al-Wahadneh, Reem Abdwani, Safia Al-Abrawi, Mohammed Abu-shukair, Zeyad El-Habahbeh, Abdullah Alsonbul, Aleksandra Szabat, Monika Chęć, Violetta Opoka-Winiarska, Biman Saikia, Ranjana W. Minz, Christine Arango, Clara Malagon, Maria D. P. Gomez, Angela C. Mosquera, Ricardo Yepez, Tatiana Gonzalez, Camilo Vargas, GRIP study group, Marta Balzarin, Biagio Castaldi, Elena Reffo, Francesca Sperotto, Giorgia Martini, Alessandra Meneghel, Ornella Milanesi, Ozgur Kasapçopur, Maria Teresa Terreri, Ekaterina Alexeeva, Maria Katsicas, Mikhail Kostik, Thomas Lehman, W.-Alberto Sifuentes-Giraldo, Vanessa Smith, Flavio Sztajnbok, Tadey Avcin, Maria Jose Santos, Dana Nemcova, Cristina Battagliotti, Liora Harel, Mahesh Janarthanan, Kathryn Torok, Nicola Helmus, Eileen Baildem, Michael Blakley, Kim Fligelstone, Antonia Kienast, Clare Pain, Amanda Saracino, Gabriele Simoni, Lisa Weibel, Maria K. Osminina, Nathalia A. Geppe, Olga V. Niconorova, Olesya V. Karashtina, Oksana V. Abbyasova, Olga V. Shpitonkova, Sinem Durmus, Hafize Uzun, Angela Mauro, Eleonora Fanti, Fabio Voller, Franca Rusconi, Fernando Garcia-Rodriguez, Ana V. Villarreal-Treviño, Angel J. Flores-Pineda, Paola B. Lara-Herrea, Diego R. Salinas-Encinas, Talia Diaz-Prieto, Maria R. Maldonado-Velazquez, Sarbelio Moreno-Espinosa, Enrique Faugier-Fuentes, Mirella Crapanzano, Ilaria Parissenti, Man S. Parihar, Pandiarajan Vignesh, ManojKumar Rohit, Kavitha Gopalan, Savita V. Attri, Alan Salama, David Jayne, Mark Little, Yulia Kostina, Galina Lyskina, Olga Shpitonkova, Alena Torbyak, Olga Shirinsky, Maria Francesca Gicchino, Maria Cristina Smaldone, Mario Diplomatico, Alma Nunzia Olivieri, C H. Spencer, Richard McClead, Hiren Patel, Chung-Yung Yu, Dita Cebecauerová, Tomáš Dallos, Edita Kabíčková, Martin Kynčl, Daniela Chroustová, Jozef Hoza, Dana Němcová, Vladimír Tesař, Pavla Doležalová, Tuncay Hazirolan, Fatih Ozaltin, Fabiola Almeida, Isabela H. Faria de Paula, Maíra M. Sampaio, Fernando N. Arita, Andressa G. Alves, Maria Carolina Santos, Eunice M. Okuda, Silvana B. Sacchetti, Fernanda Falcini, Marini Francesca, Gemma Lepri, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Maria Luisa Brandi, Hakan Kisaoglu, Sema Misir, Selim Demir, Yuksel Aliyazicioglu, Mukaddes Kalyoncu, Carlos Eduardo Ramalho, Fabiola D. Almeida, Joan Calzada-Hernández, Rosa Bou, Estíbaliz Iglesias, Judith Sánchez-Manubens, Fredy Hermógenes Prada Martínez, Clara Giménez Roca, Sergi Borlan Fernández, Marek Bohm, Kamran Mahmood, Valentina Leone, Mark Wood, Ken-Ichi Yamaguchi, Satoshi Fujikawa, Working Group of Behçet’s Disease, Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan (PRAJ), Kyu Yeun Kim, Do Young Kim, Dong Soo Kim, Maka Ioseliani, Ivane Chkhaidze, Maia Lekishvili, Nana Tskhakaia, Shorena Tvalabeishvili, Aleksandre Kajrishvili, Maiko Takakura, Masaki Shimizu, Natsumi Inoue, Mao Mizuta, Akihiro Yachie, Giovanni Corsello, Maryam Piram, Carla Maldini, Sandra Biscardi, Nathalie Desuremain, Catherine Orzechowski, Emilie Georget, Delphine Regnard, Isabelle Kone-Paut, Alfred Mahr, Mihaela Sparchez, Zeno Sparchez, Nydia Acevedo Silva, Ana V. Villarreal Treviño, Yuridiana Ramirez Loyola, Talia Diaz Prieto, Enrique Faugier Fuentes, Maria D. R. Maldonado Velazquez, Pilar Perez, Sagar Bhattad, Ranjana Minz, Jitendra Shandilya, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Ana Villarreal, Yuridiana Ramírez, Zeynep Birsin Özçakar, Suat Fitoz, Fatos Yalcinkaya, Annacarin Horne, Francesca Minoia, Francesca Bovis, Sergio Davi, Priyankar Pal, Kimo Stein, Sandra Enciso, Michael Jeng, Despoina Maritsi, Randy C. Cron, Anne Thorwarth, Sae Lim von Stuckrad, Angela Rösen-Wolff, Hella Luksch, Patrick Hundsdoerfer, Peter Krawitz, Nuray Aktay Ayaz, Doğan Simsek, Şebnem Sara Kılıc, Emine Sonmez, Aysenur Pac Kisaarslan, Ozge Altug Gucenmez, Z. Serap Arıcı, Fatih Kelesoglu, Zelal Ekinci Ekinci, Maria Miranda-Garcia, Carolin Pretzer, Michael Frosch, F. Gohar, Angela McArdle, Niamh Callan, Belinda Hernandez, Miha Lavric, Oliver FitzGerald, Stephen R. Pennington, Joachim Peitz, Joern Kekow, Ariane Klein, Anna C. Schulz, Frank Weller-Heinemann, Anton Hospach, J-Peter Haas, BIKER collaborative group, Karen Put, Jessica Vandenhaute, Anneleen Avau, Annemarie van Nieuwenhuijze, Ellen Brisse, Tim Dierckx, Omer Rutgeerts, Josselyn E. Garcia-Perez, Jaan Toelen, Mark Waer, Georges Leclercq, An Goris, Johan Van Weyenbergh, Adrian Liston, Patrick Matthys, Carine H. Wouters, Yasuo Nakagishi, Michael J. Ombrello, Victoria Arthur, Anne Hinks, Patricia Woo, International Childhood Arthritis Genetics (INCHARGE) Consortium, Barbara Stanimirovic, Biljana Djurdjevic-Banjac, Olivera Ljuboja, Boris Hugle, MArgarita Onoufriou, Olga Vougiouka, Kenza Bouayed, Sanae El Hani, Imane Hafid, Nabiha Mikou, Nunu Shelia, Mari Laan, Jaanika Ilisson, and Chris Pruunsild
Subjects: Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Proceedings of the 23rd Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: part three

Author: Riccardo Papa, Alessandro Consolaro, Francesca Minoia, Roberta Caorsi, Gianmichele Magnano, Marco Gattorno, Angelo Ravelli, Paolo Picco, Roberto Pillon, Denise Pires Marafon, Lidia Meli, Claudia Bracaglia, Andrea Taddio, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Enes Turan, Sara Sebnem Kilic, Yasuhiko Itoh, Tomoko Shigemori, Shingo Yamanishi, Hidehiko Nagasaki, Ela Tarakci, Nilay Arman, Devrim Tarakci, Yusuf S. Akgul, Ozgur Kasapcopur, Emily Wilson, Hanna Lythgoe, Eve Smith, Jenny Preston, Michael W. Beresford, Lynn R. Spiegel, Jennifer Stinson, Mark Connelly, Adam Huber, Nadia Luca, Argerie Tsimicalis, Stephanie Luca, Naweed Tajuddin, Roberta Berard, Julie Barsalou, Sarah Campillo, Brian Feldman, Shirley Tse, Paul Dancey, Ciaran Duffy, Nicole Johnson, Patrick McGrath, Natalie Shiff, Lori Tucker, Charles Victor, Chitra Lalloo, Lauren Harris, Joseph Cafazzo, Kristin Houghton, Ronald Laxer, Madeleine Rooney, Roisin Campbell, Catherine Wright, Wineke Armbrust, Otto Lelieveld, Jolanda Tuinstra, Nico Wulffraat, Joyce Bos, Jeanette Cappon, Marion van Rossum, Mariët Hagedoorn, Anna Vermé, Ylva Lampela, Ayse Huri Ozdogan, S. Ugurlu, K. Barut, A. Androvic, O. Kasapçopu, Jody Etheridge, Katie Dobson, Sue Kemp, AnnaCarin Horne, Karin Palmblad, Malin Höglund, Natalia Stepanenko, Svetlana Salugina, Evgeny Fedorov, Irina Nikishina, Maria Kaleda, Kenan Barut, Amra Adrovic, Sezgin Sahin, Laurence Toumoulin, Johnny Frossard, Stephanie Archimbaut, Anne Paitier, Rolande Guastalli, Severine Guillaume Czitrom, Sirirat Charuvanij, Chollada Chaiyadech, Takako Miyamae, Hisashi Yamanaka, Cecile Picard, Guillaume Thouvenin, Caroline Kannengiesser, Jean-Christophe Dubus, Nadia Jeremiah, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat, Bruno Crestani, Véronique Secq, Christelle Ménard, Martine Reynaud-Gaubert, Françoise Thivolet-Bejui, Philippe Reix, Alexandre Belot, Ezgi Deniz Batu, Hafize Emine Sonmez, Abdulsamet Erden, Ekim Z. Taskiran, Omer Karadag, Umut Kalyoncu, İbrahim Oncel, Berkan Kaplan, Zehra Serap Arici, Cagri Mesut Temucin, Haluk Topaloglu, Yelda Bilginer, Mehmet Alikasifoglu, Seza Ozen, Lien Van Eyck, Ellen De Langhe, Isabelle Jéru, Erika Van Nieuwenhove, Vasiliki Lagou, Paul J. Baker, Jocelyn Garcia-Perez, James Dooley, Lien De Somer, Raf Sciot, Pierre-Yves Jeandel, Julia Ruuth-Praz, Bruno Copin, Myrna Medley-Hashim, Andre Megarbane, Sinisa Savic, An Goris, Serge Amselem, Adrian Liston, Seth Masters, Carine Wouters, Nami Okamoto, Yuko Sugita, Kousuke Shabana, Takuji Murata, Hiroshi Tamai, Juliana Ferenczová, Erika Banóova, Pavol Mrážik, Veronika Vargova, Dubravko Bajramovic, Ksenija Stekic Novacki, Kristina Potocki, Marijan Frkovic, Marija Jelusic, Olga Kostareva, Svetlana Arsenyeva, Anna Shapovalenko, Lennart Jans, Nele Herregods, Jacob Jaremko, Rik Joos, Joke Dehoorne, Xenofon Baraliakos, Sofia Ramiro, Julio C. Casasola-Vargas, Désirée van der Heijde, Robert Landewé, Ruben Burgos-Vargas, Shirley M. Tse, Gerd Horneff, Kristina Unnebrink, Jaclyn K. Anderson, Aysenur Paç Kisaarslan, Betül Sözeri, Zübeyde Gündüz, Gökmen Zararsız, Hakan Poyrazoğlu, Ruhan Düşünsel, Kazutaka Ouchi, Shinji Akioka, Hiroshi Kubo, Norio Nakagawa, Hajime Hosoi, Lovro Lamot, Fran Borovecki, Sanja Kapitanovic, Kristina Gotovac, Mandica Vidovic, Mirta Lamot, Edi Paleka Bosak, Miroslav Harjacek, Ricardo A. Russo, María M. Katsicas, Ruben Burgos Vargas, Ana L. Ortiz-Peyegahud, Zhang Pingping, Mou Yikun, Qi Jun, Jiang Yutong, Gu Jieruo, Mikhail M. Kostik, Shilova Ekaterina, Ilia Avrusin, Yuriy Korin, Olga Kopchak, Eugenia Isupova, Irina Chikova, Panova Tatyana, Margarita Dubko, Vera Masalova, Ludmila Snegireva, Tatyana Kornishina, Olga Kalashnikova, Vyacheslav Chasnyk, Tatyana Likhacheva, N. Ruperto, H. I. Brunner, P. Quartier, T. Constantin, E. Alexeeva, R. Schneider, I. Kone-Paut, K. Schikler, K. Marzan, N. Wulffraat, S. Padeh, V. Chasnyk, C. Wouters, J. B. Kuemmerle-Deschner, T. Kallinich, B. Lauwerys, E. Haddad, E. Nasonov, M. Trachana, O. Vougiouka, K. Leon, A. Speziale, K. Lheritier, E. Vritzali, A. Martini, D. Lovell, PRINTO/PRCSG, Nienke Ter Haar, Rianne Scholman, Wilco de Jager, Tamar Tak, Pieter Leliefeld, Bas Vastert, Sytze de Roock, Ariane de Ganck, Nadia Ryter, Miha Lavric, Dirk Foell, Renee F. Modica, Kathleen G. Lomax, Pamela Batzel, Armelle Cassanas, Melissa E. Elder, Rina Denisova, Ekaterina Alexeeva, Saniya Valieva, Tatyana Bzarova, Kseniya Isayeva, Tatyana Sleptsova, Olga Lomakina, Alexandra Chomahidze, Margarita Soloshenko, Meyry Shingarova, Elena Kachshenko, Wilco De Jager, Sebastiaan J. Vastert, Gerdien Mijnheer, Berent J. Prakken, Nico M. Wulffraat, Hafize E. Sönmez, Asuman N. Karhan, Ezgi D. Batu, Zehra S. Arıcı, Ersin Gümüş, Hülya Demir, Aysel Yüce, Seza Özen, Jasmina Ahluwalia, Bhavneet Bharti, Sweta Rajpal, Varun Uppal, Alaknanda Walia, Surjit S. Samlok, Narender Kumar, Clarissa C. Valões, Beatriz C. Molinari, Ana Claudia G. Pitta, Natali W. Gormezano, Sylvia C. Farhat, Kátia Kozu, Adriana M. Sallum, Simone Appenzeller, Ana Paula Sakamoto, Maria T. Terreri, Rosa M. Pereira, Claudia S. Magalhães, Cássia Maria Barbosa, Francisco Hugo Gomes, Eloisa Bonfá, Clovis A. Silva, Kubra Ozturk, Zelal Ekinci, Maie Helal, Natalia Cabrera, Jean Christophe Lega, Jocelyne Drai, Rene Ecochard, O. V. Shpitonkova, N. S. Podchernyaeva, Y. O. Kostina, N. G. Dashkova, M. K. Osminina, Gozde Yucel, Ahmet Arvas, Nandini Moorthy, Paraskevi Dimou, Angela Midgley, Matthew Peak, Simon C. Satchell, Rachael D. Wright, Rachel Corkhill, Eve M. Smith, Sagar Bhattad, Amit Rawat, Surjit Singh, Anju Gupta, Deepti Suri, Martin de Boer, Taco Kuijpers, Vignesh Pandiarajan, Sapna Sandal, Sebastian Giraldo, Roy Sanguino, Adriana S. Diaz, Selcuk Uzuner, Gizem Durcan, Ali Guven Kilicoglu, Ayhan Bilgic, Kayhan Bahali, Sinem Durmus, Hafize Uzun, Nur Canpolat, Salim Caliskan, Lale Sever, Tomomi Sato, Fuminori Kimura, Wafaa Suwairi, Reem Abdwani, Abdulaziz Al Rowais, Jubran Al qanatish, Abdulrahman Al Asiri, Ekaterina Gaidar, Mikhail Kostik, Elena Serogodskaya, Tatyana Nikitina, Evgenia Isupova, Elham Sardar, Perrine Dusser, Antoine Rousseau, Marc Labetoulle, Emanuel Barreau, Bahram Bodaghi, Isabelle Kone-Paut, Ivan Foeldvari, Jordi Anton, Rosa Bou, Sheila Angeles-Han, Regitze Bangsgaard, Gabriele Brumm, Tamas Constantin, Clive Edelsten, Jens Klotsche, Kirsten Minden, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Susan Nielsen, Gabriele Simonini, Arnd Heiligenhaus, Juan Manuel Mosquera Angarita, Carmen Garcia de Vicuña, Maria Victoria Hernandez, Alfredo Adan, Victor Llorens, Rosa Alcobendas, Susana Noval, Juan Carlos Lopez Robledillo, Isabel Valls, Mari Carmen Pinedo, Alejandro Fonollosa, Jaime de Inocencio, Pilar Tejada, Beatriz Bravo, Manuel Torribio, María Jesús García de Yebenes, Jordi Antón, Uveitis Working Group of the Spanish Pediatric Rheumatology Society, Lorenza Maria Argolini, Irene Pontikaki, Maria Orietta Borghi, Laura Cesana, Barbara Castiglioni, Maurizio Gattinara, Pierluigi Meroni, Pierre Quartier, Veronique Despert, Sylvaine Poignant, Amandine Baptiste, Caroline Elie, Laurent Kodjikian, Dominique Monnet, Michel Weber, Laura Moal, LuuLy Pham, Emmanuel Barreau, Cherif Titah, Pascal Dureau, Vanessa Cecchin, Maria Elisabetta Zannin, Daniele Ferrari, Francesco Comacchio, Rolando Cimaz, Fernanda Falcini, Antonella Petaccia, Stefania Viola, Luciana Breda, Francesco La Torre, Fabio Vittadello, Giorgia Martini, Francesco Zulian, Caroline Galeotti, Guillaume Sarrabay, Olivier Fogel, Isabelle Touitou, Corinne Miceli-Richard, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Hala Etayari, Hashad Soad, Ihab El Kadry, Habibullah Eatamadi, Kais AlAlgawi, Mustafa Al Maini, Khulood Khawaja, Sophie Van den Berghe, Ilse de Schryver, Ann Raes, Lídia L. C. Teixeira, Ana Duarte, Sandra Sousa, Filipe Vinagre, Maria J. Santos, Nataly S. Shevchenko, Ludmila F. Bogmat, Marina V. Demyanenko, Navdha R. Ramchurn, Mark Friswell, Rebecca A. James, Lucy R. Wedderburn, Reshma Pattani, Clarissa A. Pilkington, Sandrine Compeyrot-Lacassagne, Ana V. Villarreal, Nydia Acevedo, Enrique Faugier, Rocio Maldonado, Dilek Yılmaz, Hilal Bektaş Uysal, Elena Kamenets, Ekaterina Zaharova, Stefka Radenska-Lopovok, Joao Nascimento, Helena Sofia, Carla Zilhão, Rui Almeida, Margarida Guedes, Murat Deveci, Svetlana Rodionovskaya, Vera Vinnikova, Irina Tsymbal, Edyta Olesińska, Jacek Postępski, Agnieszka Mroczkowska-Juchkiewicz, Agnieszka Pawłowska-Kamieniak, Beata Chrapko, Damjana Ključevšek, Nina Emeršič, Nataša Toplak, Tadej Avčin, Faina Rokhlina, Galina Glazyrina, Natalia Kolyadina, Kwangnam Kim, Sinae Eom, Daeyoung Kim, Jungwoo Rhim, Francesca Ricci, Paola Montesano, Barbara Bonafini, Veronica Medeghini, Ilaria Parissenti, Antonella Meini, Marco Cattalini, Paolo Airò, Nataliya Panko, Nataliya Shevchenko, Iryna Lebec, Yevgeniya Zajceva, Sara Rostlund, Marie André, Takuma Hara, Takayuki Kishi, Yumi Tani, Aki Hanaya, Satoru Nagata, Velma Selmanovic, Aida Omercahic-Dizdarevic, Adisa Cengic, Almira Cosickic, Aida Omerčahić Dizdarević, Gemma Lepri, Clara Malattia, Eleonora Bellucci, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Anton Solovyev, Elena Fedotova, Ana Victoria Villarreal, Talia Diaz, Yuridiana Ramirez, Teresa Giani, Achille Marino, Daniel Hunt, Muthana Al Obaidi, Veli Veli, Charalampia Papadopoulou, Jochen Kammermeier, Anna Poluha, Gangadhara C. Bharmappanavara, Alison Kelly, Lindsay Shaw, Giovanna Ferrara, Michele Luzzati, Mattia Giovannini, Liliana Jurado, Juliana Chamorro, Lorena Sarmiento, Ester Conversano, Maria Francesca Gicchino, Giulia Macchini, Carmela Granato, Assunta Tirelli, Alma N. Olivieri, Marija Perica, Lana Tambić Bukovac, Reza Sinaei, Vadood Javadi Parvaneh, Reza Shiari, Khosro Rahmani, Fatemeh F. Mehregan, Mehrnoush Hassas Yeganeh, Inmaculada Calvo Penadés, Berta López Montesinos, Ma Isabel González Fernández, Adriana Rodríguez Vidal, Anand Prahalad Rao, Ayesha Romana, Jyothi Raghuram, Ankur Kumar, Vishali Gupta, Elif Comak, Gülşah Kaya Aksoy, Aygen Yılmaz, Atike Atalay, Mustafa Koyun, Reha Artan, Sema Akman, Maria I. Kaleda, Irina P. Nikishina, Sergei K. Soloviev, Victor A. Malievsky, Ekaterina V. Nikolaeva, Agnieszka Gazda, Beata Kołodziejczyk, Lidia Rutkowska-Sak, Angela Mauro, Pierluigi Marzuillo, Stefano Guarino, and Angela La Manna
Subjects: Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Proceedings of the 23rd Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: part two

Author: Olga Lomakina, Ekaterina Alekseeva, Sania Valieva, Tatiana Bzarova, Irina Nikishina, Elena Zholobova, Svetlana Rodionovskaya, Maria Kaleda, Yasuo Nakagishi, Masaki Shimizu, Mao Mizuta, Akihiro Yachie, Yuko Sugita, Nami Okamoto, Kousuke Shabana, Takuji Murata, Hiroshi Tamai, Eve M. Smith, Peng Yin, Andrea L. Jorgensen, Michael W. Beresford, on behalf of On behalf of the UK JSLE Cohort Study, Antonio Eleuteri, Beatrice Goilav, Laura Lewandowski, Angel Phuti, Dawn Wahezi, Tamar Rubinstein, Caroline Jones, Paul Newland, Stephen Marks, Rachel Corkhill, Diana Ekdawy, Clarissa Pilkington, Kjell Tullus, Chaim Putterman, Chris Scott, Antony C. Fisher, Andrea Jorgensen, Ezgi Deniz Batu, Can Kosukcu, Ekim Taskiran, Sema Akman, Kubra Ozturk, Betul Sozeri, Erbil Unsal, Zelal Ekinci, Yelda Bilginer, Mehmet Alikasifoglu, Seza Ozen, Hanna Lythgoe, Hermine I. Brunner, Gaurav Gulati, Jordan T. Jones, Mekibib Altaye, Jamie Eaton, Mark Difrancesco, Joo Guan Yeo, Jingyao Leong, Loshinidevi D/O Thana Bathi, Thaschawee Arkachaisri, Salvatore Albani, Nagla Abdelrahman, Michael W Beresford, Valentina Leone, UK JSLE study group supported by the National Institute of Health Research Clinical Research Network, Noortje Groot, D. Shaikhani, I. E. M. Bultink, M. Bijl, R. J. E. M. Dolhain, Y. K. O. Teng, E. Zirkzee, K. de Leeuw, R. Fritsch-Stork, S. S. M. Kamphuis, Rachael D. Wright, Reem Abdawani, Laila Al Shaqshi, Ibrahim Al Zakwani, Natali W. Gormezano, David Kern, Oriany L. Pereira, Gladys C. C. Esteves, Adriana M. Sallum, Nadia E. Aikawa, Rosa M. Pereira, Clovis A. Silva, Eloisa Bonfa, Jessica Beckmann, Nora Bartholomä, Nils Venhoff, Philipp Henneke, Ulrich Salzer, Ales Janda, Alina Lucica Boteanu, Sandra Garrote Corral, Alberto Sifuentes Giraldo, Mariluz Gámir Gámir, Antonio Zea Mendoza, Amra Adrovic, Reyhan Dedeoglu, Sezgin Sahin, Kenan Barut, Aida Koka, Funda Oztunc, Ozgur Kasapcopur, Ana Luisa Rodriguez-Lozano, Francisco Rivas-Larrauri, Silvestre García de la Puente, Andressa G. F. Alves, Maria F. D. A. Giacomin, Juliana Farhat, Alfésio L. F. Braga, Adriana M. E. Sallum, Lúcia M. D. A. Campos, Luiz A. A. Pereira, Ana J. D. F. C. Lichtenfels, Clóvis A. Silva, Sylvia C. L. Farhat, Banu Acar, Z. Birsin Ozcakar, Nilgün Çakar, Nermin Uncu, Gökçe Gür, Semanur Özdel, Fatoş Yalçınkaya, Christiaan Scott, Nicky Brice, Peter Nourse, Christine Arango, Angela C. Mosquera, Clara Malagon, Ana P. Sakamoto, Marco F. C. D. Silva, Ananadreia S. Lopes, Gleice C. S. Russo, Adriana E. M. Sallum, Katia Kozu, Eloisa Bonfá, Claudia Saad-Magalhães, Rosa M. R. Pereira, Claudio A. Len, Maria T. Terreri, Deepti Suri, Siyaram Didel, Amit Rawat, Surjit Singh, Despoina Maritsi, MArgarita Onoufriou, Olga Vougiouka, Maria Tsolia, Edi Paleka Bosak, Mandica Vidović, Mirta Lamot, Lovro Lamot, Miroslav Harjaček, Erika Van Nieuwenhove, Adrian Liston, Carine Wouters, Fatemeh Tahghighi, Vahid Ziaee, Seid-Reza Raeeskarami, Francisca Aguiar, Sandra Pereira, Mariana Rodrigues, Cláudia Moura, Gustavo Rocha, Hercília Guimarães, Iva Brito, Rita Fonseca, Gerd Horneff, Ariane Klein, Kirsten Minden, Hans-Iko Huppertz, Frank Weller-Heinemann, Jasmin Kuemmerle-Deschner, J-Peter Haas, Anton Hospach, BIKER collaborative group, Ricardo Menendez-Castro, Boris Huegle, Johannes-Peter Haas, Joost Swart, Gabriella Giancane, Francesca Bovis, Elio Castagnola, Andreas Groll, Daniel J. Lovell, Tom Wolfs, Michael Hofer, Violeta Panaviene, Susan Nielsen, Jordi Anton, Florence Uettwiller, Valda Stanevicha, Maria Trachana, Denise Pires Marafon, Constantin Ailioaie, Elena Tsitsami, Sylvia Kamphuis, Troels Herlin, Pavla Doležalová, Gordana Susic, Berit Flatø, Flavio Sztajnbok, Angela Pistorio, Alberto Martini, Nico Wulffraat, Nicolino Ruperto, Marco Gattorno, Antonio Brucato, Martina Finetti, George Lazaros, Silvia Maestroni, Mara Carraro, Davide Cumetti, Alessandra Carobbio, Monia Lorini, Alessandro Rimini, Renzo Marcolongo, Anna Valenti, Gian Luca Erre, Riccardo Belli, Fiorenzo Gaita, Maria Pia Sormani, Massimo Imazio, Mario Abinun, Nicola Smith, Tim Rapley, Flora McErlane, Lianne Kearsley-Fleet, Kimme L. Hyrich, Helen Foster, Nikolay Tzaribachev, Andrew Zeft, Rolando Cimaz, John Bohnsack, Thomas Griffin, Ruy Carrasco, Jason Dare, Ivan Foeldvari, Richard Vehe, Teresa Simon, Hermine Brunner, S. Verazza, S. Davì, A. Consolaro, A. Insalaco, V. Gerloni, R. Cimaz, F. Zulian, S. Pastore, F. Corona, G. Conti, P. Barone, M. Cattalini, E. Cortis, L. Breda, A. N. Olivieri, A. Civino, R. Podda, D. Rigante, F. La Torre, G. D’Angelo, M. Jorini, R. Gallizzi, M. C. Maggio, R. Consolini, A. De Fanti, M. G. Alpigiani, A. Martini, A. Ravelli, on behalf of Italian Pediatric Rheumatology Study Group, Aysenur Pac Kısaarslan, Zubeyde Gunduz, Ruhan Dusunsel, Ismail Dursun, Hakan Poyrazoglu, Ekaterina Kuchinskaya, Farida Abduragimova, Mikhail Kostik, Erik Sundberg, Soley Omarsdottir, Lena Klevenvall, Helena Erlandsson-Harris, Gokalp Basbozkurt, Ozge Erdemli, Dogan Simsek, Fatih Yazici, Yildirim Karsioglu, Aysen Tezcaner, Dilek Keskin, Huseyin Ozkan, Cengizhan Acikel, Erkan Demirkaya, Ilonka Orbán, Krisztina Sevcic, Valentin Brodszky, Emese Kiss, Ismaiel A. Tekko, Madeleine Rooney, James McElnay, Cliff Taggart, Helen McCarthy, Ryan F. Donnelly, Drug Delivery Group, Mary Slatter, Zohreh Nademi, Mark Friswell, Sharmila Jandial, Terence Flood, Sophie Hambleton, Andrew Gennery, Andrew Cant, Phoi-Ngoc Duong, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Giovanni Filocamo, María Luz Gamir, Helga Sanner, Laura Carenini, Mesut Topdemir, Yildirim Karslioglu, Faysal Gok, Nadezhda Tsurikova, Elena Ligostaeva, Navdha R. Ramchurn, O. Kostareva, I. Nikishina, S. Arsenyeva, S. Rodionovskaya, M. Kaleda, D. Alexeev, Ismail Dursun Dursun, Sara Murias, Estefania Barral, Rosa Alcobendas, Eugenia Enriquez, Agustin Remesal, Jaime de Inocencio, Tania M. Castro, Simone A. Lotufo, Tatjana Freye, Raffaella Carlomagno, Thomas Zumbrunn, Jan Bonhoeffer, Elvira Cannizzaro Schneider, Daniela Kaiser, Michaël Hofer, Véronique Hentgen, Andreas Woerner, Juvenile Inflammatory Rheumatism (JIR) Cohort, Tobias Schwarz, Jens Klotsche, Martina Niewerth, Gerd Ganser, ICON study group, Jerold Jeyaratnam, Nienke ter Haar, Donato Rigante, Fatma Dedeoglu, Ezgi Baris, Sebastiaan Vastert, Joost Frenkel, Jonathan S. Hausmann, Kathleen G. Lomax, Ari Shapiro, Karen L. Durrant, P. A. Brogan, M. Hofer, J. B. Kuemmerle-Deschner, B. Lauwerys, A. Speziale, K. Leon, X. Wei, R. M. Laxer, Sara Signa, Marta Rusmini, Elena Campione, Sabrina Chiesa, Alice Grossi, Alessia Omenetti, Roberta Caorsi, Gianmaria Viglizzo, Isabella Ceccherini, Silvia Federici, Helen Lachmann, Nicola Ruperto, on behalf of PRINTO and Eurofever Registry, Federica Vanoni, on behalf of PRINTO and Eurofever Project, Sonia Melo Gomes, Ebun Omoyinmi, Juan I. Arostegui, Eva Gonzalez-Roca, Despina Eleftheriou, Nigel Klein, Paul Brogan, Stefano Volpi, Elettra Santori, Paolo Picco, Claudia Pastorino, Gillian Rice, Alessandra Tesser, Yanick Crow, Fabio Candotti, Ada B. Sinoplu, Gozde Yucel, Gizem Pamuk, Laura O. Damian, Cecilia Lazea, Mihaela Sparchez, Paulina Vele, Laura Muntean, Adriana Albu, Simona Rednic, Calin Lazar, Leonardo O. Mendonça, Alessandra Pontillo, Jorge Kalil, Fabio M. Castro, Myrthes T. Barros, Manuela Pardeo, Virginia Messia, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Antonella Insalaco, Giorgia Malighetti, Chiara Gorio, Francesca Ricci, Ilaria Parissenti, Paola Montesano, Barbara Bonafini, Veronica Medeghini, Marco Cattalini, Lucio Giordano, Giulia Zani, Rosalba Ferraro, Donatella Vairo, Silvia Giliani, Maria Cristina Maggio, Girolamo Luppino, Giovanni Corsello, Maria Isabel Gonzalez Fernandez, Berta Lopez Montesinos, Adriana Rodriguez Vidal, Juan I. Arostegui Gorospe, Inmaculada Calvo Penades, Nadia K. Rafiq, Karen Wynne, Khalid Hussain, Paul A. Brogan, Elizabeth Ang, Nicholas Ng, Ayla Kacar, Ozge Altug Gucenmez, Balahan Makay, Sevket Erbil Unsal, Yasin Sahin, Tufan Kutlu, Fugen Cullu-Cokugras, Hasret Ayyildiz-Civan, Tulay Erkan, Sana Al Zuhbi, Eiman Abdalla, Ricardo A. Russo, María M. Katsicas, Francesca Minoia, Angelo Ravelli, Sagar Bhattad, Anju Gupta, Vignesh Pandiarajan, Ritambhra Nada, Kaara Tiewsoh, Philip Hawkins, Dorota Rowczenio, Sarka Fingerhutova, Jana Franova, Leona Prochazkova, Eva Hlavackova, Pavla Dolezalova, Havva Evrengül, Selçuk Yüksel, Mustafa Doğan, Dolunay Gürses, Harun Evrengül, Silvia De Pauli, Serena Pastore, Anna Monica Bianco, Giovanni Maria Severini, Andrea Taddio, Alberto Tommasini, Svetlana O. Salugina, Evgeny Fedorov, Elena Kamenets, Ekaterina Zaharova, Tatiana Sleptsova, Ekaterina Alexeeva, Kirill Savostyanov, Alexander Pushkov, Tatyana Bzarova, Saniya Valieva, Rina Denisova, Kseniya Isayeva, Evgeniya Chistyakova, Margarita Soloshenko, Elena Kaschenko, Utako Kaneko, Chihaya Imai, Akihiko Saitoh, Vitor A. Teixeira, Filipa O. Ramos, Manuela Costa, Yonatan Butbul Aviel, Shafe Fahoum, Riva Brik, Zeynep Birsin Özçakar, Banu Acar Celikel, Fatos Yalcinkaya, Benedetta Schiappapietra, Sergio Davi’, Federica Mongini, Luisa Giannone, Cecilia Bava, Maria Giannina Alpigiani, Alessandro Consolaro, Dragana S. Lazarevic, Jelena Vojinovic, Jelena Basic, Valentina Muratore, Valentina Marzetti, Neus Quilis, Belen Serrano Benavente, Alessandra Alongi, Adele Civino, Lorenzo Quartulli, Giedre Januskeviciute, Pieter van Dijkhuizen, N. Groot, W. van Dijk, A. Kardolus, Raul Gutiérrez Suárez, Ellen B. Nordal, Veronika G. Rypdal, Lillemor Berntson, Maria Ekelund, Kristiina Aalto, Suvi Peltoniemi, Marek Zak, Mia Glerup, Ellen D. Arnstad, Anders Fasth, Marite Rygg, the Nordic Study Group of Pediatric Rheumatology (NoSPeR), Ana Catarina Duarte, Sandra Sousa, Lídia Teixeira, Ana Cordeiro, Mª José Santos, Ana Filipa Mourão, Maria José Santos, Mónica Eusébio, Ana Lopes, Filipa Oliveira-Ramos, Manuel Salgado, Paula Estanqueiro, José Melo-Gomes, Fernando Martins, José Costa, Carolina Furtado, Ricardo Figueira, Jaime C. Branco, João E. Fonseca, Helena Canhão, Ana F. Mourão, Maria Jose Santos, Andrea Coda, Samuel Cassidy, Kerry West, Gordon Hendry, Debra Grech, Julie Jones, Fiona Hawke, Davinder Singh Grewal, Charlene Foley, Orla Killeen, Emma MacDermott, Douglas Veale, Ursula Fearon, Dilek Konukbay, Ela Tarakci, Nilay Arman, Sezgin Şahin, Jane Munro, Esi Morgan, Meredith Riebschleger, Jennifer Horonjeff, Vibeke Strand, Clifton Bingham, Ma. Theresa M. Collante, Margarita Ganeva, Stefan Stefanov, Albena Telcharova, Dimitrina Mihaylova, Radoslava Saraeva, Reni Tzveova, Radka Kaneva, Adelina Tsakova, Katya Temelkova, GRANT Medical University, Sofia 68/, Maria Mercedes C. Picarelli, Luiz C. Danzmann, Florencia Barbé-Tuana, Lucas K. Grun, Marcus H. Jones, Marijan Frković, Karla Ištuk, Ika Birkić, Saša Sršen, Marija Jelušić, Alan Easton, Rachael Quarmby, Raju Khubchandani, Mercedes Chan, Radoslav Srp, Katerina Kobrova, Dana Nemcova, Jozef Hoza, Michal Uher, Melania Saifridova, Lenka Linkova, Sirirat Charuvanij, Isree Leelayuwattanakul, Thita Pacharapakornpong, Sakda A.-O. Vallipakorn, Butsabong Lerkvaleekul, Soamarat Vilaiyuk, Stefano Lanni, Sergio Davì, Randy Q. Cron, Chiara Passarelli, Elisa Pisaneschi, Antonio Novelli, Claudia Bracaglia, Ivan Caiello, Kathy de Graaf, Florence Guilhot, Walter Ferlin, Grant Schulert, Alexi A. Grom, Robert Nelson, Cristina de Min, Dirk Holzinger, Christoph Kessel, Ndate Fall, Alexei Grom, Wilco de Jager, Raffaele Strippoli, Anna Horne, Stephan Ehl, Sandra Ammann, Kai Lehmberg, Karin Beutel, Dirk Foell, AnnaCarin Horne, Laura Pagani, Graciela Espada, Yi-jin Gao, Susan Shenoi, Sheila Weitzman, Giusi Prencipe, Antonia Pascarella, Walter G. Ferlin, Laurence Chatel, Philippe Jacqmin, Kathy De Graaf, Maria Ballabio, Zoë Johnson, Geneviève Lapeyre, Fabrizio de Benedetti, de Min Cristina, Hiroyuki Wakiguchi, Shunji Hasegawa, Reiji Hirano, Fumiko Okazaki, Tamaki Nakamura, Hidenobu Kaneyasu, Shouichi Ohga, Kazuko Yamazaki, Tomo Nozawa, Taichi Kanetaka, Shuichi Ito, Shumpei Yokota, Kirsty McLellan, Ishbel MacGregor, Neil Martin, Joyce Davidson, Sandra Hansmann, Andreas Eikelberg, Iris Haug, Sabrina Schuller, Susanne M. Benseler, Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE), Liliia S. Nazarova, Kseniia V. Danilko, Viktor A. Malievsky, Tatiana V. Viktorova, Angela Mauro, Angela Barnicoat, Jane Hurst, Nathalie Canham, Sandrine Lacassagne, Anastasia Wiener, Boris Hügle, Bernd Denecke, Ivan Costa-Filho, Johannes Peter Haas, Klaus Tenbrock, David Popp, Arjan Boltjes, Frank Rühle, Stefanie Herresthal, Femke van Wijk, Joachim Schultze, Monika Stoll, Luisa Klotz, Thomas Vogl, Johannes Roth, Estefania Quesada-Masachs, Daniel Álvarez de la Sierra, Marina Garcia Prat, Ana M. Marín Sánchez, Ricardo Pujol Borrell, Sara Marsal Barril, Mónica Martínez Gallo, Consuelo Modesto Caballero, Iryna Chyzheuskaya, Lyudmyla M. Byelyaeva, Rostislav M. Filonovich, Helena K. Khrustaleva, Larisa I. Zajtseva, Tamara M. Yuraga, Thomas Giner, Lukas Hackl, Julia Albrecht, Reinhard Würzner, Juergen Brunner, Marta Minute, Fulvio Parentin, Agostino Nocerino, Mette Nørgaard, Mikel Alberdi-Saugstrup, Marek S. Zak, Susan M. Nielsen, Ellen Nordal, Klaus G. Müller, Nordic Study Group of Pediatric Rheumatology (NoSPeR), Mojca Zajc Avramovič, Vita Dolžan, Nataša Toplak, Tadej Avčin, N. Ruperto, D. J. Lovell, C. Wallace, M. Toth, I. Foeldvari, J. Bohnsack, D. Milojevic, C. Rabinovich, D. Kingsbury, K. Marzan, P. Quartier, K. Minden, E. Chalom, G. Horneff, R. M. Kuester, J. Dare, M. Heinrich, H. Kupper, J. Kalabic, H. I. Brunner, on behalf of PRINTO and PRCSG, Ruben Burgos-Vargas, Tamas Constantin, Joke Dehoorne, Valda Stanevica, Katarzyna Kobusinska, Zbigniew Zuber, Richard Mouy, Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde, Chantal Job-Deslandre, Ronald Pederson, Jack Bukowski, Tina Hinnershitz, Bonnie Vlahos, Paula Keskitalo, Salla Kangas, Paula Vähäsalo, Raul A. Chavez Valencia, David Martino, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Rachel Chiaroni-Clarke, Braydon Meyer, Roger C. Allen, Jonathan D. Akikusa, Jeffrey M. Craig, Richard Saffrey, Justine A. Ellis, Carol Wallace, Yosef Uziel, Gary Sterba, Rayfel Schneider, Ricardo Russo, Athimalaipet V. Ramanan, Jana Pachlopnik Schmid, Kim E Nichols, Paivi Miettunen, Toshiyuki Kitoh, Norman T. Ilowite, Jan-Inge Henter, Alexei A Grom, Edward M. Behrens, Tadej Avcin, Maurizio Aricò, Sriharsha Grevich, Peggy Lee, Sarah Ringold, Brian Leroux, Hannah Leahey, Megan Yuasa, Jessica Foster, Jeremy Sokolove, Lauren Lahey, William Robinson, Joshua Newson, Anne Stevens, Stephanie J. W. Shoop, Suzanne M. M. Verstappen, Wendy Thomson, Janet E. McDonagh, CAPS, Timothy Beukelman, Yuki Kimura, Marc Natter, Norm Ilowite, Kelly Mieszkalski, Grendel Burrell, Brian Best, Helen Bristow, Shannon Carr, Anne Dennos, Rachel Kaufmann, Laura Schanberg, for the CARRA Registry Investigators, Gabriele Simonini, Francesca Lancini, Margaux Gerbaux, Phu-Quoc Lê, Laurence Goffin, Valérie Badot, Céline La, Laure Caspers, François Willermain, Alina Ferster, Maria Ceci, Francesco Licciardi, Marco Turco, Francesca Santarelli, Davide Montin, Claudia Toppino, Clotilde Alizzi, Bruno Papia, Beatrice Vergara, Umberto Corpora, Luca Messina, Maria Tsinti, Vasiliko Dermentzoglou, Panagiotis Tziavas, Marija Perica, Lana Tambić Bukovac, Mustafa Çakan, Nuray Aktay Ayaz, Gonca Keskindemirci, Michael Lang, Catherine Laing, Susanne Benseler, Tommy Gerschman, Nadia Luca, Heinrike Schmeling, Anastasia Dropol, Jaymi Taiani, Nicole Johnson, Brian Rusted, Panagiota Nalbanti, Polyxeni Pratsidou, Grigoris Pardalos, Vasiliki Tzimouli, Anna Taparkou, Maria Stavrakidou, Fotios Papachristou, Florence Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou, Peter Bale, Emily Robinson, Jason Palman, Elizabeth Ralph, Kimberly Gilmour, Clare Heard, Lucy R. Wedderburn, Yara Barrense-Dias, Antonarakis Gregory, Dhouib Amira, Scolozzi Paolo, Hanquinet Sylviane, Hofer Michaël, Nataliya Panko, Salah Shokry, Liudmila Rakovska, Sally Pino, Adriana Diaz-Maldonado, Pilar Guarnizo, Sofia Torreggiani, Paolo Cressoni, Umberto Garagiola, Giancarla Di Landro, Giampietro Farronato, Fabrizia Corona, Samantha Bell, Parveen Bhatti, Lee Nelson, Beth A. Mueller, T. A. Simon, A. Baheti, N. Ray, Z. Guo, Anasuya Hazra, Thomas Stock, Ronnie Wang, Charles Mebus, Christine Alvey, Manisha Lamba, Sriram Krishnaswami, Umberto Conte, Min Wang, Daniel Kingsbury, Elena Koskova, Elzbieta Smolewska, Richard K. Vehe, Daniel Lovell, Tomohiro Kubota, Junko Yasumura, Toshitaka Kizawa, Masato Yashiro, Tsuyoshi Yamatou, Yuichi Yamasaki, Syuji Takei, Yoshifumi Kawano, Ulrika Järpemo Nykvist, Bo Magnusson, Rikard Wicksell, Karin Palmblad, Gunnar L. Olsson, Mohammadreza Modaressi, Mohammad-Hassan Moradinejad, Valentina Seraya, Alisa Vitebskaya, Veronica Moshe, Gil Amarilyo, Liora Harel, Phillip J Hashkes, Amir Mendelson, Noa Rabinowicz, Yonit Reis, Zane Dāvidsone, Arina Lazareva, Ruta Šantere, Dace Bērziņa, Valda Staņēviča, Giulia Camilla Varnier, Susan Maillard, Cristina Ferrari, Silvia Zaffarano, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group and European Federation of Immunological Societies, Judith Wienke, Felicitas Bellutti Enders, Lucas L. van den Hoogen, Jorre S. Mertens, Timothy R. Radstake, Henny G. Hotten, Ruth Fritsch, Lucy Wedderburn, Kiran Nistala, Berent Prakken, Annet van Royen-Kerkhof, Mohammad Alhemairi, Mohammed Muzaffer, Pieter Van Dijkhuizen, Claire T. Deakin, Stefania Simou, Maria De Iorio, Qiong Wu, Tania Amin, Lee Dossetter, Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG), Raquel Campanilho-Marques, Claire Deakin, Clarissa A. Pilkington, on behalf of Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG), Silvia Rosina, Sirisucha Soponkanaporn, on behalf of the UK Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG), Zehra S. Arıcı, Gökçen D. Tuğcu, Ezgi D. Batu, Hafize E. Sönmez, Deniz Doğru-Ersöz, Beril Talim, Nural Kiper, Seza Özen, Alexander Solyom, Ezgi Batu, John Mitchell, Ariana Kariminejad, Fatemeh Hadipour, Zahra Hadipour, Marta Torcoletti, Carlo Agostoni, Maja Di Rocco, Pranoot Tanpaiboon, Andrea Superti-Furga, Luisa Bonafé, Nur Arslan, Norberto Guelbert, Karoline Ehlert, Giedre Grigelioniene, Ratna Puri, Edward Schuchman, Pilar Gomez, Tatiana Gonzalez, Ricardo Yepez, Camilo Vargas, GRIP study group, Falcini Fernanda, Gemma Lepri, Alessandra Ferrari, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Antonella Meini, Gian Marco Moneta, Emiliano Marasco, Rebecca Nicolai, Luisa Bracci-Laudiero, Olga Kopchak, Alexander Mushkin, Alexey Maletin, Catalina Mosquera, Rita A. Amorim, Juliana Molina, Gustavo Moreira, Flávia H. Santos, Melissa Fraga, Livia Keppeke, Vanessa M. Silva, Camila Hirotsu, Sergio Tufik, Maria Teresa Terreri, Vinícius L. Braga, Maria Beatriz Fonseca, Vania Schinzel, Maria Teresa R. Terreri, Liliana Jorge, Liana Guerra, Edson Amaro Junior, Maria Cristina Castiglione, Alessandra Tricarico, Emily Boulter, Andre Schultz, Kevin Murray, Fernanda Falcini, Stefano Stagi, Eleonora Bellucci, Ingrid H. R. Grein, Gecilmara Pileggi, Natália B. F. Pinto, Aline L. de Oliveira, Lyudmila Belyaeva, Rostislav Filonovich, Helena Khrustaleva, Larisa Zajtseva, Jaanika Ilisson, Chris Pruunsild, Olivier Gilliaux, Francis Corazza, Christophe Lelubre, on behalf of PANLAR Pediatric Rheumatology Study Group, Zoilo Morel, Claudia Saad-Magalhães C, Luis Lira, Mabel Ladino, Ruth Eraso, Ivonne Arroyo, Clovis Silva, Carlos Rose, and PANLAR Pediatric Rheumatology Study Group
Subjects: Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Published: 2017
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42. Anakinra Drug Retention Rate and Predictive Factors of Long-Term Response in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult Onset Still Disease

Author: Jurgen Sota, Donato Rigante, Piero Ruscitti, Antonella Insalaco, Paolo Sfriso, Salvatore de Vita, Rolando Cimaz, Giuseppe Lopalco, Giacomo Emmi, Francesco La Torre, Claudia Fabiani, Alma Nunzia Olivieri, Marco Cattalini, Daniele Cammelli, Romina Gallizzi, Maria Alessio, Raffaele Manna, Ombretta Viapiana, Micol Frassi, Manuela Pardeo, Armin Maier, Carlo Salvarani, Rosaria Talarico, Marta Mosca, Serena Colafrancesco, Roberta Priori, Maria Cristina Maggio, Carla Gaggiano, Salvatore Grosso, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Antonio Vitale, Roberto Giacomelli, and Luca Cantarini
Subjects: anakinra, interleukin 1-beta, innovative biotechnologies, drug retention rate, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult onset Still disease, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Background and Objective: Only a few studies have reported long-term efficacy of interleukin (IL)-1 inhibition in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still disease (AOSD). Herein we report on the effectiveness of anakinra (ANA), expressed in terms of drug retention rate (DRR), and evaluate the predictive factors of drug survival in a cohort of patients with sJIA and AOSD.Patients and Methods: This is a multicenter study reviewing retrospectively the medical records from 61 patients with sJIA and 76 with AOSD, all treated with ANA in 25 Italian tertiary referral centers.Results: The cumulative retention rate of ANA at 12-, 24-, 48-, and 60-month of follow-up was 74.3%, 62.9%, 49.4%, and 49.4%, respectively, without any significant differences between sJIA and AOSD patients (p = 0.164), and between patients treated in monotherapy compared with the subgroup coadministered with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) (p = 0.473). On the other hand, a significant difference in DRR was found between biologic-naïve patients and those previously treated with biotechnologic drugs (p = 0.009), which persisted even after adjustment for pathology (p = 0.013). In the regression analysis, patients experiencing adverse events (AEs) {hazards ratio (HR) = 3.029 [confidence interval (CI) 1.750–5.242], p < 0.0001} and those previously treated with other biologic agents [HR = 1.818 (CI 1.007–3.282), p = 0.047] were associated with a higher HR of ANA discontinuation. The median treatment delay was significantly higher among patients discontinuing ANA (p < 0.0001). Significant corticosteroid-sparing (p = 0.033) and cDMARD-sparing effects (p < 0.0001) were also recorded. Less than one-third of our cohort developed AEs, and 85% were deemed mild in nature, with 70% of them involving the skin.Conclusions: Our findings display an overall excellent DRR of ANA on the long run for both sJIA and AOSD, that may be further optimized by closely monitoring patient’s safety issues and employing this IL-1 inhibitor as a first-line biologic as early as possible. Moreover, ANA allowed a significant drug-sparing effect and showed an overall good safety profile.
Published: 2019
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43. The Influence of Overweight and Obesity on Treatment Response in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Author: Teresa Giani, Salvatore De Masi, Ilaria Maccora, Francesca Tirelli, Gabriele Simonini, Martina Falconi, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: obesity, overweight, body mass index, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologics, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Background: There is evidence that obesity could be a risk factor for the severity and response to treatment in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due both to the mechanical effect of overweight and to the potential pro-inflammatory effects of cytokines produced by adipose tissue.Objectives: To evaluate the role of overweight and obesity in a cohort of young patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in terms of incidence, disease activity, outcome, and response to treatments.Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study evaluated 110 children affected by JIA under treatment with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologic agents. Body mass index (BMI) categories of 5–84th (normal weight), 85–94th (overweight), and ≥95th (obese) percentile were used. Patients with systemic JIA, uveitis, chronic comorbidities, or under other potentially confounding systemic treatments were excluded. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed.Results: One hundred and ten JIA patients (polyarticular n = 50, oligoarticular n = 38, psoriatic n = 12, enthesitis-related arthritis n = 8, undifferentiated n = 2) were enrolled in the study, 75% girls and 25% boys. The mean age at treatment onset was 6.09 years. Baseline BMI was ≥5th and ≤84th percentile in 80 patients, 85–94th in 27, and ≥95th in 3.We did not observe a significant association between BMI and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), or number of active joints at baseline, while involvement of the joints of lower limbs was significantly greater ( p = 0.025) in overweight/obese patients. However, a trend toward lower remission rates and higher number of relapses, both after DMARDs and biologics, in patients with higher BMI was observed.Conclusion: This study focuses on the relationship between overweight/obesity and JIA. A significant correlation between obesity and a greater involvement of the joints of the lower limbs at baseline was demonstrated. Furthermore, our data suggest that obesity could negatively influence the course of the disease as well as treatment response.
Published: 2019
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44. Extensive Ethnic Variation and Linkage Disequilibrium at the FCGR2/3 Locus: Different Genetic Associations Revealed in Kawasaki Disease

Author: Sietse Q. Nagelkerke, Carline E. Tacke, Willemijn B. Breunis, Michael W. T. Tanck, Judy Geissler, Eileen Png, Long T. Hoang, Joris van der Heijden, Ahmad N. M. Naim, Rae S. M. Yeung, Michael L. Levin, Victoria J. Wright, David P. Burgner, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Justine A. Ellis, Rolando Cimaz, Chisato Shimizu, Jane C. Burns, Karin Fijnvandraat, C. Ellen van der Schoot, Timo K. van den Berg, Martin de Boer, Sonia Davila, Martin L. Hibberd, Taco W. Kuijpers, The International Kawasaki Disease Genetics Consortium, Nagib Dahdah, and Isabelle Kone-Paut
Subjects: Fc-gamma receptor, FCGR polymorphism, linkage disequilibrium, Kawasaki disease (KD), immunogenetics, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: The human Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs) link adaptive and innate immunity by binding immunoglobulin G (IgG). All human low-affinity FcγRs are encoded by the FCGR2/3 locus containing functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene copy number variants. This locus is notoriously difficult to genotype and high-throughput methods commonly used focus on only a few SNPs. We performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for all relevant genetic variations at the FCGR2/3 locus in >4,000 individuals to define linkage disequilibrium (LD) and allele frequencies in different populations. Strong LD and extensive ethnic variation in allele frequencies was found across the locus. LD was strongest for the FCGR2C-ORF haplotype (rs759550223+rs76277413), which leads to expression of FcγRIIc. In Europeans, the FCGR2C-ORF haplotype showed strong LD with, among others, rs201218628 (FCGR2A-Q27W, r2 = 0.63). LD between these two variants was weaker (r2 = 0.17) in Africans, whereas the FCGR2C-ORF haplotype was nearly absent in Asians (minor allele frequency
Published: 2019
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45. Th17 and Th1 Lymphocytes in Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Author: Laura Maggi, Alessio Mazzoni, Rolando Cimaz, Francesco Liotta, Francesco Annunziato, and Lorenzo Cosmi
Subjects: Th17, Th1, CD161+ T cells, TNF-α, synoviocytes, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: In the last years much attention has focused on the Th17 and Th1 phenotypes and on their pathogenic role in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, investigating how the cytokines produced by T helper cells act on resident cells on the synovia and which signal transduction pathways regulate Th17 cells proliferation and plasticity. In this context, an important milestone was represented by the identification of the non-classic Th1 phenotype, developed from the shift of Th17 cells. The cytokine TNF-α, beyond its well-known proinflammatory activity is involved in this process and this is one of the reasons why the TNF-α inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients.
Published: 2019
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46. First Report of the Italian Registry on Immune-Mediated Congenital Heart Block (Lu.Ne Registry)

Author: Micaela Fredi, Laura Andreoli, Beatrice Bacco, Tiziana Bertero, Alessandra Bortoluzzi, Silvia Breda, Veronica Cappa, Fulvia Ceccarelli, Rolando Cimaz, Salvatore De Vita, Emma Di Poi, Elena Elefante, Franco Franceschini, Maria Gerosa, Marcello Govoni, Ariela Hoxha, Andrea Lojacono, Luca Marozio, Alessandro Mathieu, Pier Luigi Meroni, Antonina Minniti, Marta Mosca, Marina Muscarà, Melissa Padovan, Matteo Piga, Roberta Priori, Véronique Ramoni, Amelia Ruffatti, Chiara Tani, Marta Tonello, Laura Trespidi, Sonia Zatti, Stefano Calza, Angela Tincani, and Antonio Brucato
Subjects: pregnancy, congenital heart block, neonatal lupus, outcome, risk factors, therapy, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Objective: Neonatal Lupus (NL) is a rare syndrome caused by placental transfer of maternal anti-SSA/Ro and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies to the fetus. The rarity of this condition requires the establishment of multidisciplinary registries in order to improve our knowledge.Method: Inclusion criteria in this retrospective study were the maternal confirmed positivity for anti-SSA/Ro and/or anti-SSB/La antibodies, and the presence of II or III degree congenital heart block (CHB) in utero or neonatal period (up to 27 days after birth).Result: Eighty-nine cases of CHB were observed in 85 women with 88 pregnancies that occurred between 1969 and 2017. CHB was mostly detected in utero (84 cases, 94.2%), while five cases were observed in the neonatal period. A permanent pacemaker was implanted in 51 of 73 children born alive (69.8), whereas global mortality rate was 25.8% (23 cases): 16 in utero, five perinatal, and two during childhood. By univariate analysis, factors associated with fetal death were pleural effusion (p = 0.005, OR > 100; CI 95% 2.88->100 and hydrops (p = 0.003, OR = 14.09; CI 95% 2.01–122). Fluorinated steroids (FS) were administered in 71.4% pregnancies, and its use was not associated with better survival. Some centers treated all cases with fluorinated steroids and some centers did not treat any case. CHB was initially incomplete in 24 fetuses, and of them five cases of II degree block reverted to a lower degree block after treatments. Recurrence rate in subsequent pregnancies was 17.6% (3 out of 17). A prophylactic treatment was introduced in 10 of these 16 subsequent (58.8%) pregnancies, mostly with FS or high dose intravenous immunoglobulins.Conclusion: This is the first report from the Italian Registry of neonatal lupus/CHB. The live birth rate was nearly 80%, with nearly two thirds of the children requiring the implantation of a pacemaker. The management of fetuses diagnosed with CHB was heterogeneous across Italian Centers. The registry at present is mainly rheumatological, but involvement of pediatric cardiologists and gynecologists is planned.
Published: 2019
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47. Drug Retention Rate and Predictive Factors of Drug Survival for Interleukin-1 Inhibitors in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Author: Jurgen Sota, Antonella Insalaco, Rolando Cimaz, Maria Alessio, Marco Cattalini, Romina Gallizzi, Maria Cristina Maggio, Giuseppe Lopalco, Francesco La Torre, Claudia Fabiani, Manuela Pardeo, Alma Nunzia Olivieri, Paolo Sfriso, Carlo Salvarani, Carla Gaggiano, Salvatore Grosso, Claudia Bracaglia, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Donato Rigante, and Luca Cantarini
Subjects: systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, interleukin 1-beta, therapy, anakinra, canakinumab, drug retention rate, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Few studies have reported the drug retention rate (DRR) of biologic drugs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and none of them has specifically investigated the DRR of interleukin (IL)-1 inhibitors on systemic JIA (sJIA). This study aims to describe IL-1 inhibitors DRR and evaluate predictive factors of drug survival based on data from a real-world setting concerning sJIA.Methods: Medical records from sJIA patients treated with anakinra (ANA) and canakinumab (CAN) were retrospectively analyzed from 15 Italian tertiary referral centers.Results: Seventy seven patients were enrolled for a total of 86 treatment courses. The cumulative retention rate of the IL-1 inhibitors at 12-, 24-, 48-, and 60-months of follow-up was 79.9, 59.5, 53.5, and 53.5%, respectively, without any statistically significant differences between ANA and CAN (p = 0.056), and between patients treated in monotherapy compared to the subgroup co-administered with conventional immunosuppressors (p = 0.058). On the contrary, significant differences were found between biologic-naive patients and those previously treated with biologic drugs (p = 0.038) and when distinguishing according to adverse events (AEs) occurrence (p = 0.04). In regression analysis, patients pre-treated with other biologics (HR = 3.357 [CI: 1.341–8.406], p = 0.01) and those experiencing AEs (HR = 2.970 [CI: 1.186–7.435], p = 0.020) were associated with a higher hazard ratio of IL-1 inhibitors withdrawal. The mean treatment delay was significantly higher among patients discontinuing IL-1 inhibitors (p = 0.0002).Conclusions: Our findings suggest an excellent overall DRR for both ANA and CAN that might be further augmented by paying attention to AEs and employing these agents as first-line biologics in an early disease phase.
Published: 2019
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48. How Should We Classify Kawasaki Disease?

Author: Edoardo Marrani, Jane C. Burns, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: Kawasaki disease, etiopathogenesis, pediatric vasculitis, intravenous immune globulin (IVIg), coronary aneurysm, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: The exact classification of Kawasaki disease (KD) has been debated. Infectious disease specialists have claimed it as an infection with a classic immune responses to an as yet unidentified pathogen that localizes to the coronary arteries. Others have favored an autoreactive hypothesis that KD is triggered by an antigen that shares homology with structures in the vascular wall, and molecular mimicry resulting in an immune response directed to that tissue. Rheumatologists have classified it as a systemic vasculitis, while some immunologists have stressed the robust nature of the innate immune response that causes both systemic inflammation as well as damage to the coronary arterial wall and questioned whether KD falls within the spectrum of autoinflammatory diseases. This review will describe the evidences available up to now regarding these hypotheses.
Published: 2018
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49. Alteration of fecal microbiota profiles in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Associations with HLA-B27 allele and disease status.

Author: Monica Di Paola, Duccio Cavalieri, Davide Albanese, Claudio Donati, Maddalena Sordo, Massimo Pindo, Ilaria Pagnini, Teresa Giani, Gabriele Simonini, Alessia Paladini, Paolo Lionetti, Carlotta De Filippo, and Rolando Cimaz
Subjects: Metagenomics, Gut Microbiota, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, enthesitis-related arthritis, HLAB27 allele, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Alteration of gut microbiota is involved in several chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, and gut microbial pro-arthritogenic profiles have been hypothesized. Intestinal inflammation may be involved in spondyloarthropathies and in a subset of patients affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood. We compared the fecal microbiota composition of JIA patients with healthy subjects (HS), evaluating differences in microbial profiles between sub-categories of JIA, such as enthesitis-related arthritis (JIA-ERA), in which inflammation of entheses occurs, and polyarticular JIA, non-enthesitis related arthritis (JIA-nERA). Through taxon-level analysis, we discovered alteration of fecal microbiota components that could be involved in subclinical gut inflammation, and promotion of joint inflammation. We observed abundance in Ruminococcaceae in both JIA categories, reduction in Clostridiaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae in JIA-ERA, and increase in Veillonellaceae in JIA-nERA, respectively compared with HS. Among the more relevant genera, we found an increase in Clostridium cluster XIVb, involved in colitis and arthritis, in JIA-ERA patients compared with HS, and a trend of decrease in Faecalibacterium, known for anti-inflammatory properties, in JIA-nERA compared with JIA-ERA and HS. Differential abundant taxa identified JIA patients for the HLA-B27 allele, including Bilophila, Clostridium cluster XIVb, Oscillibacter and Parvimonas. Prediction analysis of metabolic functions showed that JIA-ERA metagenome was differentially enriched in bacterial functions related to cell motility and chemotaxis, suggesting selection of potential virulence traits. We also discovered differential microbial profiles and intra-group variability among active disease and remission, suggesting instability of microbial ecosystem in autoimmune diseases with respect to healthy status. Similarly to other chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, different microbial profiles, as observed among different JIA subgroups compared to HS, and potential functional acquisition related to migration could promote inflammation and contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
Published: 2016
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50. A snapshot on the on-label and off-label use of the interleukin-1 inhibitors in Italy among rheumatologists and pediatric rheumatologists: a nationwide multi-center retrospective observational study

Author: Antonio Vitale, Antonella Insalaco, Paolo Sfriso, Giuseppe Lopalco, Giacomo Emmi, Marco Cattalini, Raffaele Manna, Rolando Cimaz, Roberta Priori, Rosaria Talarico, Stefano Gentileschi, Ginevra de Marchi, Micol Frassi, Romina Gallizzi, Alessandra Soriano, Maria Alessio, Daniele Cammelli, Maria Cristina Maggio, Renzo Marcolongo, Francesco La Torre, Claudia Fabiani, Serena Colafrancesco, Francesca Ricci, Paola Galozzi, Ombretta Viapiana, Elena Verrecchia, Manuela Pardeo, Lucia Cerrito, Elena Cavallaro, Alma Nunzia Olivieri, Giuseppe Paolazzi, Gianfranco Vitiello, Armin Maier, Elena Silvestri, Chiara Stagnaro, Guido Valesini, Marta Mosca, Salvatore de Vita, Angela Tincani, Giovanni Lapadula, Bruno Frediani, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Florenzo Iannone, Leonardo Punzi, Carlo Salvarani, Mauro Galeazzi, Donato Rigante, and Luca Cantarini
Subjects: Treatment, anakinra, Canakinumab, Autoinflammatory disorders, interleukin (IL)-1, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Background: interleukin (IL)-1 inhibitors have been suggested as possible therapeutic options in a large number of old and new clinical entities characterized by an IL-1 driven pathogenesis. Objectives: to perform a nationwide snapshot of the on-label and off-label use of anakinra (ANA) and canakinumab (CAN) for different conditions both in children and adults.Methods: we retrospectively collected demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data from both adult and pediatric patients treated with IL-1 inhibitors from January 2008 to July 2016.Results: 526 treatment courses given to 475 patients (195 males, 280 females; 111 children and 364 adults) were evaluated. ANA was administered in 421 (80.04%) courses, CAN in 105 (19.96%). Sixty-two (32.1%) patients were treated with both agents. IL-1 inhibitors were employed in 38 different indications (37 with ANA, 16 with CAN). Off-label use was more frequent for ANA than CAN (p
Published: 2016
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