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4. Reproductive performance and offspring quality of wild broodstock of the Giant Africa River Prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii fed four different diets.

Author

Makombu, Judith, Ndi, Rollins N., Nkongho, Geneva, Chombe, Clovis, Verkijika, Mercy, Bih, Cynthia, Sonkeng, Gerry, Ngueguim, Jules, Ebobisse, Marcel, Dickson, Arrey, and Brown, Janet

Subjects
MACROBRACHIUM, ANIMAL feeds, DIET, SURVIVAL rate, SHRIMPS, MAGGOTS
Abstract

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance and offspring quality of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii broodstock fed four diets: commercial maturation feed (control, T0), maggot (T1), fresh mackerel (T2) and locally formulated feed (T3). Spent broodstock of M. vollenhovenii fed experimental diets and their reproductive performances were evaluated in phase one experimentation. In phase two their offspring quality in a recirculation system with three replicates per treatment (TL0, TL1, TL2 and TL3) were evaluated for 30 days. The duration of gonadal development was significantly different among all the treatments, 28.67 ± 0.58 days and 16.33 ± 1.15 days for T0 and T1, respectively. T1 recorded the best GSI (16.08 ± 0.2%). Larval development in TL1 and TL3 were significantly faster than TL0 and TL2. However, survival rate was the best in TL3 (32.17 ± 0.57%) followed by TL0 (29.63 ± 0.33%). The results of this study are evidence of the possibility of successfully re-maturing and breeding this prawn in captivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Potential inert diets to supplement Artemia in larviculture of the giant Africa river prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots, 1857) (Crustacea: Palaemonidae)

Author

Makombu, Judith G, primary, Chombe, Clovis N, additional, Nkongho, Geneva O, additional, Ndi, Rollins N, additional, Verkijika, Mercy B, additional, Bih, Cynthia A, additional, Sonkeng, Gerry P, additional, Ngueguim, Jules R, additional, Ebobisse, Marcel, additional, Dickson, Arrey, additional, and Brown, Janet H, additional

Published
2023
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8. Reproductive performance and offspring quality of wild broodstock of the Giant Africa River Prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii fed four different diets

Author

Makombu, Judith, primary, Ndi, Rollins N., additional, Nkongho, Geneva, additional, Chombe, Clovis, additional, Verkijika, Mercy, additional, Bih, Cynthia, additional, Sonkeng, Gerry, additional, Ngueguim, Jules, additional, Ebobisse, Marcel, additional, Dickson, Arrey, additional, and Brown, Janet, additional

Published
2022
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9. Consumption of breast milk, formula and other non-human milk by children aged under 2 years: analysis of eighty-six low- and middle-income countries

Author

Neves, PAR, Barros, AJD, Baker, Phillip, Piwoz, E, Santos, TM, Gatica-Domínguez, G, Vaz, JS, Rollins, N, Victora, CG, Neves, PAR, Barros, AJD, Baker, Phillip, Piwoz, E, Santos, TM, Gatica-Domínguez, G, Vaz, JS, Rollins, N, and Victora, CG

Abstract

AbstractObjective:To investigate the prevalence and socio-economic inequalities in breast milk, breast milk substitutes (BMS) and other non-human milk consumption, by children under 2 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).Design:We analysed the prevalence of continued breast-feeding at 1 and 2 years and frequency of formula and other non-human milk consumption by age in months. Indicators were estimated through 24-h dietary recall. Absolute and relative wealth indicators were used to describe within- and between-country socio-economic inequalities.Setting:Nationally representative surveys from 2010 onwards from eighty-six LMIC.Participants:394 977 children aged under 2 years.Results:Breast-feeding declined sharply as children became older in all LMIC, especially in upper-middle-income countries. BMS consumption peaked at 6 months of age in low/lower-middle-income countries and at around 12 months in upper-middle-income countries. Irrespective of country, BMS consumption was higher in children from wealthier families, and breast-feeding in children from poorer families. Multilevel linear regression analysis showed that BMS consumption was positively associated with absolute income, and breast-feeding negatively associated. Findings for other non-human milk consumption were less straightforward. Unmeasured factors at country level explained a substantial proportion of overall variability in BMS consumption and breast-feeding.Conclusions:

Published
2022

13. Improving public health information: a data quality intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa/ Amelioration des informations sur la sante publique: une intervention sur la qualite des donnees dans le KwaZulu-Natal (Afrique du Sud)/Mejorar la informacion acerca de la salud publica: intervencion para mejorar la calidad de los datos en KwaZulu-Natal, Sudafrica

Author

Mphatswe, W., Mate, K.S., Bennett, B., Ngidi, H., Reddy, J., Barker, P.M., and Rollins, N.

Subjects
Quality management, Usage, Medical informatics -- Usage -- Quality management
Abstract

Introduction Reliable and accurate public health information is essential for monitoring health and for evaluating and improving the delivery of health-care services and programmes. (1-4) As countries report their progress [...], Objective To evaluate the effect of an intervention to improve the quality of data used to monitor the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus in South Africa. Methods The study involved 58 antenatal clinics and 20 delivery wards (37 urban, 21 rural and 20 semi-urban) in KwaZulu-Natal province that provided PMTCT services and reported data to the District Health Information System. The data improvement intervention, which was implemented between May 2008 and March 2009, involved training on data collection and feedback for health information personnel and programme managers, monthly data reviews and data audits at health-care facilities. Data on six data elements used to monitor PMTCT services and recorded in the information system were compared with source data from health facility registers before, during and after the intervention. Data completeness (i.e. their presence in the system) and accuracy (i.e. being within 10% of their true value) were evaluated. Findings The level of data completeness increased from 26% before to 64% after the intervention. Similarly, the proportion of data in the information system considered accurate increased from 37% to 65% (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the correlation between data in the information system and those from facility registers rose from 0.54 to 0.92. Conclusion A simple, practical data improvement intervention significantly increased the completeness and accuracy of the data used to monitor PMTCT services in South Africa. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.] Objectif Evaluer l'effet d'une intervention visant a ameliorer la qualite des donnees utilisees pour controler la prevention de la transmission de la mere a l'enfant (PMTCT) du virus de l'immunodeficience humaine en Afrique du Sud. Methodes L'etude a concerne 58 cliniques prenatales et 20 salles d'accouchement (37 urbaines, 21 rurales et 20 semi-urbaines) de la province du KwaZulu-Natal, qui ont fourni des services PMTCT et reporte les donnees au systeme d'information sanitaire du district. L'intervention d'amelioration de la qualite des donnees, mise en place entre mai 2008 et mars 2009, a implique une formation a la collecte des donnees et au retour d'information du personnel d'information sanitaire et des gestionnaires de programme, ainsi que des verifications de donnees mensuelles et des audits de donnees dans les centres de soins. Les donnees de 6 elements de donnees utilises pour controler les services PMTCT et enregistres dans le systeme d'information ont ete comparees aux donnees sources des registres des centres de soins avant, pendant et apres l'intervention. Lexhaustivite des donnees (c'est-a-dire leur presence dans le systeme) et leur precision (representant 10% de leur valeur reelle) ont ete evaluees. Resultats Le niveau d'exhaustivite des donnees a augmente de 26% avant l'intervention a 64% apres celle-ci. De meme, la proportion des donnees dans le systeme d'information, qui sont considerees precises, a augmente de 37% a 65% (P < 0,0001). De plus, la correlation entre les donnees du systeme d'information et les donnees des registres des centres de soins est passee de 0,54 a 0,92. Conclusion Une intervention d'amelioration des donnees, simple et pratique, a permis d'augmenter considerablement l'exhaustivite et la precision des donnees utilisees pour controler les services PMTCT en Afrique du Sud. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.] Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de una intervencion para mejorar la calidad de los datos empleados para controlar la prevencion de la transmision del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana de la madre al hijo (TMT) en Sudafrica. Metodos El estudio incluyo 58 clinicas prenatales y 20 paritorios (37 de ellos situados en areas urbanas, 21 en areas rurales y 20 en areas parcialmente rurales) en la provincia de KwaZulu-Natal que proporcionaban servicios de prevencion de transmision de la madre al hijo y comunicaron sus datos al Sistema de Informacion Sanitaria del Distrito. La intervencion para la mejora de los datos, que se aplico entre mayo de 2008 y marzo de 2009, incluyo la formacion sobre recopilacion de datos y comunicacion de resultados dirigida al personal sanitario encargado de la informacion asi como a los gestores de programas, examenes mensuales y auditorias de los datos en las instalaciones de asistencia sanitaria. Se compararon los datos basados en seis elementos de datos utilizados para controlar los servicios de prevencion de TMT y archivados en el sistema de informacion con la fuente de datos de los registros de las instalaciones de asistencia sanitaria antes, durante y despues de la intervencion. Se evaluaron los datos en base a su exhaustividad (por ejemplo, su presencia en el sistema) y su exactitud (por ejemplo, estar situado dentro del 10% de su valor autentico). Resultados El nivel de exhaustividad de los datos aumento del 26% antes de la intervencion al 64% despues de la misma. De manera similar, la proporcion de datos en el sistema de informacion considerados exactos aumento del 37% al 65% (P Conclusion Una intervencion sencilla y practica para mejorar los datos aumento la exhaustividad y exactitud de los datos empleados para controlar los servicios de prevencion de laTMT en Sudafrica.

Published
2012
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16. Global research priorities on COVID-19 for maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health

Author

Ahmed, ASMNU, Maamri, A, Falade, AG, Ayede, AI, Bhutta, A, Gambhir, A, Tagarro, A, Abdelmegeid, A, Ahmadi, AR, Barros, AJD, Mekasha, A, Srinivasaiyer, AK, Araujo da Silva, AR, Schultz, A, Fatima, B, Dhar, B, Magowan, B, Wills, B, Raynes-Greenow, C, Homer, C, Maclennan, C, Ward, C, Garcia, DM, Ross, D, Murdoch, D, Wilson, DJ, Adejuyigbe, E, Stasii, E, Scudder, E, Sacks, E, McCollum, ED, Althabe, F, Russell, F, Kumar, GS, Sommerfelt, H, Graham, H, Blencowe, H, Tappis, H, Saloojee, H, Ben Masaud, HA, Tiwary, H, Asiodu, I, Newton, JB, Bourdaire, J, Adze, JA, Martines, J, Lozano, JM, Walson, J, Rankin, J, Allegaert, K, Pelle, KG, Edmond, K, Rabiei, K, Rasmussen, KM, Yunis, K, Ferguson, L, Greenslade, L, Kiapi, L, Noguchi, L, Bont, L, Day, LT, Mofenson, L, Aboumayaleh, M, Aquzouz, M, Wahba, M, Nagai, M, Knight, M, Melkumova, M, Jenyfa, M, Neuman, MI, Meremikwu, M, Kinney, M, Gravett, M, Hawkes, MT, Pacque, M, Walsh, M, McGuire, MK, AlShawafi, NA, Khuri-Bulos, N, Thacker, N, Rollins, N, Kissoon, N, Starets, O, Picone, O, Oladapo, OT, Erdeve, O, Smith, PB, Van de Perre, P, Kumar, P, Mangtani, P, Abbas, Q, Khatoon, R, Bahl, R, Lodha, R, Grais, R, Richards-Kortum, R, Rasaily, R, Aryeetey, R, Pattinson, R, Petrucci, R, Rossi, R, Pace, RM, Yoshida, S, Walani, SR, Godakandage, SSP, Bauler, S, Comstock, SS, Basu, S, Kebede, S, Saha, S, Bhatnagar, S, Lee, SK, Gupta, S, Antara, SN, Downe, S, Freedman, S, Lye, SJ, Miller, S, Sulimani, S, Ley, SH, Mangal, TD, Lavin, T, Shi, T, Florin, TA, Sundekilde, UK, Baltag, V, Valdes, V, Cherniak, W, Bin Nisar, Y, Shamszai, ZZ, Navabi, ZS, Ahmed, ASMNU, Maamri, A, Falade, AG, Ayede, AI, Bhutta, A, Gambhir, A, Tagarro, A, Abdelmegeid, A, Ahmadi, AR, Barros, AJD, Mekasha, A, Srinivasaiyer, AK, Araujo da Silva, AR, Schultz, A, Fatima, B, Dhar, B, Magowan, B, Wills, B, Raynes-Greenow, C, Homer, C, Maclennan, C, Ward, C, Garcia, DM, Ross, D, Murdoch, D, Wilson, DJ, Adejuyigbe, E, Stasii, E, Scudder, E, Sacks, E, McCollum, ED, Althabe, F, Russell, F, Kumar, GS, Sommerfelt, H, Graham, H, Blencowe, H, Tappis, H, Saloojee, H, Ben Masaud, HA, Tiwary, H, Asiodu, I, Newton, JB, Bourdaire, J, Adze, JA, Martines, J, Lozano, JM, Walson, J, Rankin, J, Allegaert, K, Pelle, KG, Edmond, K, Rabiei, K, Rasmussen, KM, Yunis, K, Ferguson, L, Greenslade, L, Kiapi, L, Noguchi, L, Bont, L, Day, LT, Mofenson, L, Aboumayaleh, M, Aquzouz, M, Wahba, M, Nagai, M, Knight, M, Melkumova, M, Jenyfa, M, Neuman, MI, Meremikwu, M, Kinney, M, Gravett, M, Hawkes, MT, Pacque, M, Walsh, M, McGuire, MK, AlShawafi, NA, Khuri-Bulos, N, Thacker, N, Rollins, N, Kissoon, N, Starets, O, Picone, O, Oladapo, OT, Erdeve, O, Smith, PB, Van de Perre, P, Kumar, P, Mangtani, P, Abbas, Q, Khatoon, R, Bahl, R, Lodha, R, Grais, R, Richards-Kortum, R, Rasaily, R, Aryeetey, R, Pattinson, R, Petrucci, R, Rossi, R, Pace, RM, Yoshida, S, Walani, SR, Godakandage, SSP, Bauler, S, Comstock, SS, Basu, S, Kebede, S, Saha, S, Bhatnagar, S, Lee, SK, Gupta, S, Antara, SN, Downe, S, Freedman, S, Lye, SJ, Miller, S, Sulimani, S, Ley, SH, Mangal, TD, Lavin, T, Shi, T, Florin, TA, Sundekilde, UK, Baltag, V, Valdes, V, Cherniak, W, Bin Nisar, Y, Shamszai, ZZ, and Navabi, ZS

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This research prioritization aimed to identify major research gaps in maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (MNCAH) to help mitigate the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative methodology. We defined scope, domains, themes and scoring criteria. We approached diverse global experts via email to submit their research ideas in MNCAH and MNCAH-related cross-cutting/health systems area. We curated the research ideas as research questions (RQs) and sent them to the consenting experts for scoring via the online link. For each RQ, the research priority score (RPS) was calculated as an average of individual criterion scores and ranked based on RPS in each area. RESULTS: We identified top-ranked 10 RQs in each maternal, newborn, and child and adolescent health and 5 in the cross-cutting/health systems area. In maternal health, indirect effects on care, measures to improve care, health risks and outcomes, and preventing and managing SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 disease were priority RQs. In newborn health, clinical characterization and managing SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 disease, mode of transmission and interventions to prevent transmission were the focus. For child and adolescent health, top-ranked RQs were indirect effects on care, clinical status and outcomes, interventions to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 disease, and educational institute-related RQs. The cross-cutting RQs were the effects of the pandemic on availability, access, care-seeking and utilization of MNCAH services and potential solutions. CONCLUSIONS: We call on partners, including governments, non-governmental organizations, research institutes, and donors, to address this urgent research agenda.

Published
2021

17. Optimising child and adolescent health and development through an integrated ecological life course approach

Author

Tomlinson, M, Hunt, X, Daelmans, B, Rollins, N, Ross, D, Oberklaid, F, Tomlinson, M, Hunt, X, Daelmans, B, Rollins, N, Ross, D, and Oberklaid, F

Abstract

Fully realising the potential of children and adolescents will require an ecological life course approach, together with multisectoral, coordinated, integrated action for the provision of care and services for children and adolescents, argue Mark Tomlinson and colleagues

Published
2021

26. A future for the world's children? A WHO-UNICEF-Lancet Commission.

Author

Clark, H, Coll-Seck, AM, Banerjee, A, Peterson, S, Dalglish, SL, Ameratunga, S, Balabanova, D, Bhan, MK, Bhutta, ZA, Borrazzo, J, Claeson, M, Doherty, T, El-Jardali, F, George, AS, Gichaga, A, Gram, L, Hipgrave, DB, Kwamie, A, Meng, Q, Mercer, R, Narain, S, Nsungwa-Sabiiti, J, Olumide, AO, Osrin, D, Powell-Jackson, T, Rasanathan, K, Rasul, I, Reid, P, Requejo, J, Rohde, SS, Rollins, N, Romedenne, M, Singh Sachdev, H, Saleh, R, Shawar, YR, Shiffman, J, Simon, J, Sly, Peter, Stenberg, K, Tomlinson, M, Ved, RR, Costello, A, Clark, H, Coll-Seck, AM, Banerjee, A, Peterson, S, Dalglish, SL, Ameratunga, S, Balabanova, D, Bhan, MK, Bhutta, ZA, Borrazzo, J, Claeson, M, Doherty, T, El-Jardali, F, George, AS, Gichaga, A, Gram, L, Hipgrave, DB, Kwamie, A, Meng, Q, Mercer, R, Narain, S, Nsungwa-Sabiiti, J, Olumide, AO, Osrin, D, Powell-Jackson, T, Rasanathan, K, Rasul, I, Reid, P, Requejo, J, Rohde, SS, Rollins, N, Romedenne, M, Singh Sachdev, H, Saleh, R, Shawar, YR, Shiffman, J, Simon, J, Sly, Peter, Stenberg, K, Tomlinson, M, Ved, RR, and Costello, A

Published
2020

27. After COVID-19, a future for the world's children?

Author

Clark, H, Coll-Seck, AM, Banerjee, A, Peterson, S, Dalglish, SL, Ameratunga, S, Balabanova, D, Bhutta, ZA, Borrazzo, J, Claeson, M, Doherty, T, El-Jardali, F, George, AS, Gichaga, A, Gram, L, Hipgrave, DB, Kwamie, A, Meng, Q, Mercer, R, Narain, S, Nsungwa-Sabiiti, J, Olumide, AO, Osrin, D, Powell-Jackson, T, Rasanathan, K, Rasul, I, Reid, P, Requejo, J, Rohde, SS, Rollins, N, Romedenne, M, Singh Sachdev, H, Saleh, R, Shawar, YR, Shiffman, J, Simon, J, Sly, Peter, Stenberg, K, Tomlinson, M, Ved, RR, Costello, A, Clark, H, Coll-Seck, AM, Banerjee, A, Peterson, S, Dalglish, SL, Ameratunga, S, Balabanova, D, Bhutta, ZA, Borrazzo, J, Claeson, M, Doherty, T, El-Jardali, F, George, AS, Gichaga, A, Gram, L, Hipgrave, DB, Kwamie, A, Meng, Q, Mercer, R, Narain, S, Nsungwa-Sabiiti, J, Olumide, AO, Osrin, D, Powell-Jackson, T, Rasanathan, K, Rasul, I, Reid, P, Requejo, J, Rohde, SS, Rollins, N, Romedenne, M, Singh Sachdev, H, Saleh, R, Shawar, YR, Shiffman, J, Simon, J, Sly, Peter, Stenberg, K, Tomlinson, M, Ved, RR, and Costello, A

Published
2020

28. Irish Cardiac Society Proceedings of meeting held 23rd–24th November, 1990

Author

Stanton, A., Kilfeather, S., O’Brien, E., O’Malley, K., Donnelly, M. D. I., Batchelor, Y., McAleer, B., Dalton, G., Turkington, E., Williams, J. R., Varma, M. P. S., Okeefe, S., Redehan, C., Keane, P., Daly, K., Rollins, N. C., Mulholland, H. C., Craig, B., McCann, H. A., Walsh, T. P., Kittrick, H. C., Keelan, E., Codd, M., McCarthy, J., McCarthy, C., Sugrue, D. D., O’Donnell, A. F., Lonergan, M., Daly, L., McGovem, E. M., Keelan, E., Sugrue, D. D., Murphy, J. G., Schwartz, R. S., Garratt, K., Holmes, D. R., Foley, B., Sheehan, R., Kinsella, A., Gearty, G., Walsh, M., Crean, P., Glazier, J. J., Piessens, J., Stammen, F., Vergauwen, V., De Geest, H., Willems, J. L., Quigley, P. J., Ohman, M., Smith, J. E., Stack, R. S., Glazier, J. J., Rickards, A. F., McFadden, E., Clarke, J., Davies, G., Maseri, A., Dickey, W., Adgey, A. A. J., Chew, E. W., Morton, P., Murtagh, J. G., Scott, M. E., O’Keeffe, D. B., O’Murchu, B., Miller, M., Burnett, J. C., Rose, M., Gibney, M., Gearty, G., Crean, P., O’Connor, P., Walsh, M., O’Keeffe, S., Grimes, H., Finn, J., McMurrough, P., Daly, K., Roberts, M. J. D., Pruvis, J. A., McNeill, A. J., Trouton, T. J., Dalzell, T. G. W. N., Dalzell, G. W. N., Flannery, D. J., Wilson, C. M., Patterson, G. C., Webb, S. W., Campbell, N. P. S., Khan, M. M., Molajo, A. O., Adgey, A. A. J., McClements, B. M., Trouton, T. G., Dalzell, G. W. N., Campbell, N. P. S., Webb, S. W., Khan, M. M., Patterson, G. C., Wilson, C. M., Adgey, A. A. J., Flannery, D. J., O’Neill, A. J., Adgey, J., Campbell, N. P. S., Walsh, K., Sreeram, N., Franks, R., Arnold, R., Lonergan, M., Daly, L., Graham, I., Hurley, J., Neligan, M. C., Wood, A. E., de Buitleir, M., Sousa, J., Calkins, H., Rosenheck, S., Langberg, J., Morady, F., Maghur, H. A., Wood, A. E., Neligan, M. C., Murphy, J. G., Gersh, B. J., Oslizok, P., Allen, M., Gillette, R. N., Oslizlok, P., Allen, M., Case, C., Gillette, P. C., Duff, D., Mulholland, C., Craig, B., Mulholland, C., and Duff, D.

Published
1991
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31. Contribution of maternal ART and breastfeeding to 24-month survival in HIV-exposed uninfected children: an individual pooled analysis of African and Asian studies

Author

Newell, Marie-Louise, Rollins, N., Jourdain, Gonzague, Humphrey, Jean, Kourtis, Athena, Hoffman, Irving, Essex, Max, Farley, Tim, Coovadia, Hoosen, Gray, Glenda, Kuhn, Louise, Shapiro, Roger, Leroy, Valeriane, Bollinger, Robert, Onyago-Makumbi, Carolyne, Lockman, Shahin, Marquez, Carina, Doherty, Tanya, Dabis, Francois, Mandelbrot, Laurent, Le Coeur, Sophie, Rolland, Matthieu, Joly, Pierre, and Becquet, Renaud

Abstract

Background: Increasing numbers of HIV-infected pregnant women receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Studies suggested that HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children face higher mortality than HIV-unexposed children, but evidence mostly relates to the pre-ART era, breastfeeding of limited duration and considerable maternal mortality. Maternal ART and prolonged breastfeeding under cover of ART may improve survival, although this has not been reliably quantified. Methods: Individual data on 19,219 HEU children from 21 PMTCT trials/cohorts undertaken 1995-2015 in Africa and Asia were pooled and the association between 24-month mortality and maternal/infant factors quantified using random-effects Cox proportional hazards models accounting for between-study heterogeneity. Adjusted attributable fractions of risks computed using the predict function in the R package "frailtypack" estimate the relative contribution of risk factors to overall mortality in HEU children. Results: Cumulative incidence of death was 5.5% (95%CI: 5.1-5.9) by age 24 months. Low birth weight (LBW

Published
2018

34. Prospective research on infants with mild encephalopathy: the PRIME study

Author

Prempunpong, C, primary, Chalak, L F, additional, Garfinkle, J, additional, Shah, B, additional, Kalra, V, additional, Rollins, N, additional, Boyle, R, additional, Nguyen, K-A, additional, Mir, I, additional, Pappas, A, additional, Montaldo, P, additional, Thayyil, S, additional, Sánchez, P J, additional, Shankaran, S, additional, Laptook, A R, additional, and Sant'Anna, G, additional

Published
2017
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37. Proceedings of the ulster paediatric society and irish paediatric association, joint clinical meeting; 5th — 7th may, 1989

Author

Savage, J. M., Primrose, D., Boreham, C., Sloane, A., Duff, D., Tempany, E., O’Brien, N., Maguire, A., Rfidah, El Hussein, Curtis, Emma, Gill, Denis, Fox, G., Mathews, T. G., Hensey, O., Hurley, J., Murray, G., McManus, F., Avaria, M. A., Hicks, E. M., Patterson, V. H., Taylor, T. C., Staines, A., Stewart, R. J., Brown, S., Boston, V. E., O’Hara, M. D., Hill, C. M., Robinson, P. H., Glasgow, J. F. T., Moore, R., Crane, J., McAloon, J., Crean, P., Hankins, J., McClure, G., Anderson, N., Monaghan, Hugh, O’Donohoe, N. V., Watson, J. B. G., McKenna, C., Bell, Angela H., Carson, D. C., Lawler, M., Humphries, P., McCann, S. R., Breatnach, F., O’Meara, A., Connolly, B., Fitzgerald, R. J., Jackson, J. F., Conneally, E., Cervi, P., Hoey, H., Temperlery, I. J., Fitzgerald, E., Fitzpatrick, C., Wilson, D., McGibben, D., Hicks, E., Allen, I. V., O’Shea, B., Kurien, A., Sallan, S., Monaghan, H., Tynan, M., Craig, B., Mulholland, H. C., Bergin, A., King, M., McMenamin, J., Norse, C., Tubman, T. R. J., Shields, M. D., Creid, Mc, Cullen, S., Tsuji, M., Reena, D. J., Ward, O. C., Rollins, N. C., Lim, J., Jenkins, J., Rollins, M. D., Higgins, P., Wallace, I. J. C., Brown, D. A., Flood, T. J., Denham, B., Greally, P., Ward, O. Conor, Denham, Brian, and Magill, E. A.

Published
1989
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38. Relationship between mortality and feeding modality among children born to HIV-infected mothers in a research setting : the Kesho Bora Study

Author

Cournil, Amandine, De Vincenzi, I., Gaillard, P., Cames, Cécile, Fao, P., Luchters, S., Rollins, N., Newell, M. L., Bork, Kirsten, Read, J. S., and Kesho Bora Study Grp

Subjects
marginal structural models, HIV-exposed children, breastfeeding, replacement feeding, Africa, mortality
Abstract

Objective:To assess the relationship between infant feeding practices and mortality by 18 months of age among children born to HIV-infected mothers in the Kesho Bora trial (Burkina-Faso, Kenya and South Africa).Methods:Enrolled HIV-infected women were counseled to choose between breastfeeding up to 6 months or replacement feeding from delivery. Multivariable Cox models were used to compare the infant mortality risks according to feeding practices over time defined as never breastfed, weaned or still breastfed. The category still breastfed' was disaggregated as exclusively, predominantly or partially breastfed to compare modes of breastfeeding. The relationship between weaning and mortality was also assessed using marginal structural models to control for time-dependent confounders, such as maternal or infant morbidity (reverse causality).Results:Among 795 mothers, 618 (77.7%) initiated breastfeeding. Mortality rates by 18 months among uninfected and infected children were 6 and 38%, respectively. Never breastfed and weaned children were at greater risk of death compared with those still breastfed. Adjusted hazard ratios were 6.7 [95% confidence interval (CI)=2.5-17.9; P

Published
2013

39. Maternal HIV-1 disease progression 18-24 months postdelivery according to antiretroviral prophylaxis regimen (triple-antiretroviral prophylaxis during pregnancy and breastfeeding vs Zidovudine/single-dose Nevirapine prophylaxis) : the Kesho Bora randomized controlled trial

Author

Fao, P., Ky-Zerbo, O., Gouem, C., Somda, P., Hien, H., Ouedraogo, P. E., Kania, D., Sanou, A., Kossiwavi, I. A., Sanogo, B., Ouedraogo, M., Siribie, I., Valea, D., Ouedraogo, S., Some, R., Rouet, F., Rollins, N., McFetridge, L., Naidu, K., Luchters, S., Reyners, M., Irungu, E., Katingima, C., Mwaura, M., Ouattara, G., Mandaliya, K., Wambua, S., Thiongo, M., Nduati, R., Kose, J., Njagi, E., Mwaura, P., Newell, M. L., Mepham, S., Viljoen, J., Bland, R., Mthethwa, L., Bazin, B., Rekacewicz, C., Taylor, A., Flowers, N., Thigpen, M., Fowler, M. G., Jamieson, D., Mofenson, L. M., Read, J. S., Bork, Kirsten, Cames, Cécile, Cournil, Amandine, Claeys, P., Temmerman, M., Van de Perre, P., Becquart, Pierre, Foulongne, V., Segondy, M., de Vincenzi, I., Gaillard, P., Farley, T., Habib, N., and Landoulsi, S.

Subjects
immune system diseases, virus diseases
Abstract

Background. Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis effectively reduces mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). However, it is unclear whether stopping ARVs after breastfeeding cessation affects maternal HIV disease progression. We assessed 18-24-month postpartum disease progression risk among women in a randomized trial assessing efficacy and safety of prophylactic maternal ARVs. Methods. From 2005 to 2008, HIV-infected pregnant women with CD4(+) counts of 200-500/mm(3) were randomized to receive either triple ARV (zidovudine, lamivudine, and lopinavir/ritonavir during pregnancy and breastfeeding) or AZT/sdNVP (zidovudine until delivery with single-dose nevirapine without postpartum prophylaxis). Maternal disease progression was defined as the combined endpoint of death, World Health Organization clinical stage 4 disease, or CD4(+) counts of = 350/mm(3) progressed. Conclusions. Interrupting prolonged triple ARV prophylaxis had no effect on HIV progression following cessation (compared with AZT/sdNVP). However, women on triple ARV prophylaxis had lower progression risk during the time on triple ARV. Given the high rate of progression among women with CD4(+) cells of

Published
2012

43. Hyperlipidemia Resulting in Abnormal Density and Signal Intensity of Blood in a Neonate with Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency

Author

Koral, K., McMenamy, J., Hauser, N., and Rollins, N.

Subjects
Male, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Brain, Humans, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Female, Hyperlipidemias, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I, Cranial Sinuses, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Pediatrics, Lipids, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract

We present the imaging findings in an 8-week-old infant with LPL deficiency. Due to markedly increased lipoproteins in the serum, abnormal hypodensity and abnormal T1-weighted hyperintensity were identified in the dural venous sinuses and medullary veins.

Published
2010

44. Messages about dual contraception in areas of high HIV prevalence are not heeded

Author

Ngubane N, Patel D, Ml, Newell, Hm, Coovadia, Rollins N, Coutsoudis A, and Ruth Bland

Subjects
Adult, Cohort Studies, Condoms, South Africa, Contraception, Adolescent, Patient Education as Topic, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Humans, Patient Compliance, Female, HIV Infections, Contraception Behavior
Abstract

Dual protection is recommended for prevention of unwanted pregnancies and protection against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. It is critical for HIV-negative women to prevent seroconversion and HIV transmission to their infants during pregnancy and breastfeeding.Women were followed up after delivery, monthly for the first 9 months and then 3-monthly to 24 months, in a cohort study investigating postnatal HIV transmission. Study nurses discussed family planning, including condom use, at each visit. Contraceptive methods used since the last visit were recorded. All women knew their HIV status, and most women breastfed for a minimum of 6 months.Among 1,137 HIV-positive and 1 220 HIV-negative women the most common contraceptive method was the hormonal injectable; few women used condoms alone or as dual contraception (0-3 months 6.8%; 7-12 months 16.3%; 19-24 months 14.4%). Compared with uninfected women, HIV-positive women were more likely to use condoms in years 1 and 2 after delivery (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38-2.14, p0.001; AOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.15-2.25, p=0.006 respectively). Compared with women with a flush toilet, those with a pit latrine were less likely to use condoms in years 1 and 2 (AOR 0.22, 95% CI 01.7-0.28, p0.001; AOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.19-0.39, p0.001). Older women were more likely to use condoms in the first postpartum year (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.03-3.09, p=0.040).More creative ways of promoting condoms and dual contraception need to be found if new HIV infections, in women and children, are to be prevented.

Published
2008

45. Scaling-up exclusive breastfeeding support programmes: the example of KwaZulu-Natal

Author

Belizan, J.M., Desmond, C., Bland, R.M., Boyce, G., Coovadia, H.M., Coutsoudis, A., Rollins, N., and Newell, M.-L.

Abstract

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for six months is the mainstay of global child health and the preferred feeding option for HIV-infected mothers for whom replacement feeding is inappropriate. Promotion of community-level EBF requires effective personnel and management to ensure quality counselling and support for women. We present a costing and cost effectiveness analysis of a successful intervention to promote EBF in high HIV prevalence area in South Africa, and implications for scale-up in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.\ud \ud Methods and Findings: The costing of the intervention as implemented was calculated, in addition to the modelling of the costs and outcomes associated with running the intervention at provincial level under three different scenarios: full intervention (per protocol), simplified version (half the number of visits compared to the full intervention; more clinic compared to home visits) and basic version (one third the number of visits compared to the full intervention; all clinic and no home visits). Implementation of the full scenario costs R95 million ($14 million) per annum; the simplified version R47 million ($7 million) and the basic version R4 million ($2 million). Although the cost of the basic scenario is less than one tenth of the cost of the simplified scenario, modelled effectiveness of the full and simplified versions suggest they would be 10 times more effective compared to the basic intervention. A further analysis modelled the costs per increased month of EBF due to each intervention: R337 ($48), R206 ($29), and R616 ($88) for the full, simplified and basic scenarios respectively. In addition to the average cost effectiveness the incremental cost effectiveness ratios associated with moving from the less effective scenarios to the more effective scenarios were calculated and reported: Nothing – Basic R616 ($88), Basic – Simplified R162 ($23) and Simplified – Full R879 ($126).\ud \ud Conclusions: The simplified scenario, with a combination of clinic and home visits, is the most efficient in terms of cost per increased month of EBF and has the lowest incremental cost effectiveness ratio.

Published
2008

48. Addressing the interaction between food insecurity, depression risk and informal work: findings of a cross-sectional survey among informal women workers with young children in South Africa

Author

Horwood Christiane, Haskins Lyn, Hinton Rachael, Connolly Catherine, Luthuli Silondile, and Rollins Nigel

Subjects
Working women, Informal economy, Antenatal depression, Postnatal depression, Food insecurity, Maternal health, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background There is a high burden of depression globally, including in South Africa. Maternal depression is associated with poverty, unstable income, food insecurity, and lack of partner support, and may lead to poor outcomes for mothers and children. In South Africa one-third of working women are in informal work, which is associated with socioeconomic vulnerability. Methods A cross sectional survey explored work setting and conditions, food security and risk of depression among informal working women with young children (0–3 years). Depression risk was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS) and Whooley score. Food insecurity was evaluated using Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS and Stata. Results Interviews were conducted with 265 informal women workers. Types of work included domestic work, home-based work, informal employees and own account workers, most of whom were informal traders. Most participants (149/265; 56.2%) earned between US$70–200 per month, but some participants (79/265; 29.8%) earned US$200 per month (37/265; 14.0%). Many participants experienced mild (38/267; 14.3%), moderate (72/265; 27.2%) or severe (43/265; 16%) food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was significantly higher among participants with the lowest income compared to those with the highest income (p = 0.027). Women who received financial support from the baby’s father were less likely to be food insecure (p = 0.03). Using EPDS scores, 22/265 (8.3%) women were designated as being at risk of depression. This was similar among postnatal women and women with older children. Household food insecurity was significantly associated with depression risk (p

Published
2021
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50. Leptomyxid amebic meningoencephalitis mimicking brain stem glioma

Author

Lowichik, A, Rollins, N, Delgado, R, Visvesvara, G S, and Burns, D K

Subjects
Brain Neoplasms, Brain, Infant, Case Reports, Amebiasis, Glioma, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diagnosis, Differential, Necrosis, Meningoencephalitis, Pons, Humans, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

An 11-month-old infant presented with cranial nerve palsy and ataxia. MR revealed a large, enhancing pontine mass and small, nonenhancing parafalcial lesions; no organisms were seen in cerebrospinal fluid. After empiric treatment for brain stem glioma, the patient died. Autopsy revealed meningoencephalitis caused by leptomyxid amebae.

Published
1995

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