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Mono-derivatives of fullerene C60 with l-phenylalanine, o-fluoro-l-phenylalanine and p-fluoro-l-phenylalanine, as well as their hybrid nanostructures with derivatives of vitamin B12, have been synthesised. The structure of the compounds was determined by IR, UV and CD-spectroscopy. The IR spectra of the obtained compounds contain all bands characteristic of the original compounds, with the exception of the band at 1227 cm−1, which is related to the free carboxyl group in the fullerene fragment. In the UV spectra of hybrid nanostructures contain smoothed peaks in the region of 360 nm, confirming the presence of corrin ligand in the original and obtained compounds. Using the CD method, it was found that all spectra have a characteristic maximum in the region of 430 nm, confirming the presence in all hybrids nanostructures of a fragment of vitamin B12: e-COOH-Cbi(OH)2. The radiuses of nanoparticles of hybrid nanostructures, calculated by the dynamic light scattering method, range from 90 to 120 nm. The degree of association in the complexes ranges from 400 to 600 thousand molecules. It was shown that the resulting hybrid nanostructure retains catalytic activity in the autoxidation reaction of ascorbic acid, inherent in derivatives of vitamin B12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of this experiment showed the effect of hybrid nanostructures (HNS) based on amino acid derivatives of fullerene C60 and derivatives of vitamin B12 (T1, T2) on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds in laboratory. Seeds treated with distilled water were used as the control (T0). Seeds treated by complexes T1–T3 pump spraying at the concentration of 10−5 M increased germination to 10–14%, while shoots height increased to 21–34% compared to the control. Treatment with these complexes enabled plants to survive water stress. The relative water content RWC in these samples was 11–21% higher than in the control. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using these hybrid compounds to achieve better seedlings and increase the drought resistance of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of nanoparticles of hydrated C60 fullerene and its N-monoamino acid derivatives on the oxidative metabolism and growth of the mycelial biomass of basidiomycetes during their submerged cultivation was studied. It was found that the supplementation of culture media with nanoparticles of the studied compounds at their final concentration range of 10−7 to 10−11 M significantly increased the resulting biomass, while the severity of the effect in this concentration range changed slightly. That prompted the use of nanomolar concentrations of compounds as reasonable. The most pronounced stimulating effect (an increase in biomass of about 240% with respect to control) was observed when culturing Laetiporus sulphureus, the intrinsically high level of oxidative metabolism of which was significantly lowered by the presence of the studied additives. It was shown that the growth-enhancing action of nanoparticles of fullerene C60 and its derivatives could not be attributed to photochemical reactions, particularly fullerene photoexcitation. Fullerene and its derivatives manifest a growth regulatory effect on bio-objects from different kingdoms of the living world (plants and fungi), which is indicative of these compounds' mechanism of action based on a direct impact on fundamental, universal for all living beings, biophysical processes, primarily chain free-radical oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penetration of fullerene C60 in hydrated molecular-colloidal form (FMC) and various C60 water-soluble derivatives (FDs) through membranes of human erythrocytes, platelets and symbiosomes (subcellular organelles of plant origin) were tested. The FDs bearing amino acids induced pronounced depolarization of symbiosome membranes energized with Mg-ATP. In erythrocytes and platelets incubated in K+-free medium in the presence of FCCP, FDs with malonic acid pendants promoted acidification of the intracellular medium thereby simulating an effect of the K+ ionophore valinomycin. Dissipation of ΔpH artificially induced on the plasma membrane of these cells was observed in the presence of C60-γ-aminobutiric acid which, in addition, strongly stimulated Mg-ATP-dependent generation of membrane potential on symbiosome membranes. C60-Arg was shown to dissipate K+-diffusion potential on erythrocyte membranes induced by valinomycin. Fullerene C60 used in hydrated molecular-colloidal form (FMC) also entered symbiosomes and platelets as evidenced by the quenching of the fluorescence of the Ca2+ indicator chlorotetracycline localized in the interior of these cells. These findings provide evidence for ease of permeation of these fullerene-based compounds through biological membranes from different type cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]