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El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer las características principales y las afinidades de dos enfoques terapéuticos aparentemente dispares, la Terapia Gestalt y la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso. Tras una exposición de los fundamentos de ambas corrientes, se identifican y analizan los conceptos más relevantes en los que ambos modelos terapéuticos coinciden, aunque cada uno haya seguido un recorrido diferente para llegar a ellos. En tanto que la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso consta del soporte científico y experimental de la Teoría de los Marcos Relacionales para refrendar su modelo teórico y aplicado, la Terapia Gestalt se basa en las influencias que recibió su creador, Fritz Perls, a lo largo de su vida. Cabe destacar la concordancia en aspectos clave como la identificación de la evitación experiencial como factor común de los problemas psicológicos y el encuadre holístico. Por último, se revisa la eficacia de ambos enfoques, y se concluye que el conocimiento de las analogías existentes puede facilitar un reconocimiento y enriquecimiento mutuo entre los profesionales de ambas tradiciones que redundaría en una mejora de la misma.

Ponencia presentada en: XXXV Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIX Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en León, del 5 al 7 de marzo de 2018. Hybrid cyclones called subtropical cyclones (STCs) have attracted the attention of scientific and forecasting community due to their identification as damaging weather systems. A study of STCs under future climate scenarios has not been performed yet. For the first time, in this work we analyse the capability of regional climate models (RCMs) to simulate STCs in addition to searching for possible alterations in their frequency and intensity due to anthropogenic climate change over the subtropical northeastern Atlantic basin. By using an ensemble of three RCMs nested in four different global climate models (GCMs), we find that RCMs acceptably reproduce STCs (except for certain model combinations) for the historical climate period (1951–2000). For future climate conditions under A1B, A2 and B1 scenarios (2001–2050), more simulations indicate a decrease in the frequency of STCs than those which find an increase. This decrease is showed to be partially due to a reduced presence of extratropical cyclones, from which they tend to form, within that region. However, no strong agreement between simulations has been obtained, and other factors like the changes in the conversion rate could affect STCs in the future. With respect to intensity, no clear tendency is found.

Medicanes are cyclones over the Mediterranean Sea having a tropical structure and a rather small size, for which the sea-atmosphere interaction plays a fundamental role. High resolution and ocean-atmosphere coupled RCM simulations performed in MedCORDEX and EURO-CORDEX projects are used to analyze the ability of RCMs to represent the observed characteristics of medicanes, and the impact of increasing resolution and using air-sea coupling on its simulation. An observational database based on satellite images combined with very high resolution simulations (Miglietta et al. 2013) is used as the reference for evaluating the simulations. The simulated medicanes do not coincide in general with the observed cases, so that the evaluation should be done in a statistical sense. The spatial distribution of medicanes is generally well simulated, while the monthly distribution reveals the difficulty of simulating the first medicanes appearing in September after the summer minimum. Large differences are found among models, supporting the use of multi-model ensembles. Interesting trade-offs are found for some models, as better values for intensity are associated to worse frequency values in one model, or relatively good values of frequency and intensity are obtained at the expense of a damped air-sea interaction in a model with spectral nudging. High resolution has a strong and positive impact on the frequency of simulated medicanes, while the effect on its intensity is less clear. Air-sea coupling reduces the medicane frequency, as could be expected due to a negative intensity feedback that is known for tropical cyclones. A preliminary analysis indicates that this feedback could depend on the oceanic mixed layer depth, increasing the interest of applying ocean-atmosphere coupled RCMs.

International audience; Future climate change projections indicate that many temperature and precipitation extremes become more frequent and intense in a warmer climate on a global scale, and concomitantly the risks of severe impacts to society will increase, calling for proactive adaptation measures. In order to support the adaptation decision making process, information on climate extremes is especially needed on a regional to local scale including time scales from sub-seasons to decades.

Ponencia presentada en: XXXIV Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XVII Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Teruel, del 29 de febrero al 2 de marzo de 2016.

Ponencia presentada en: XXXIV Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XVII Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Teruel, del 29 de febrero al 2 de marzo de 2016.

International audience; In the framework of the international initiative Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) program, new regional climate model (RCM) simulations at high spatial resolutions are completed for the Mediterranean region (Med-CORDEX). This study evaluates the most up-to-date high-resolution simulations for hydrological impact studies over a catchment located in North Morocco. Different approaches are compared to analyze the climate change impacts on the hydrology of this catchment, using RCMs from the Med-CORDEX initiative at two different spatial resolutions (50 and 12 km) and for two different Radiative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The main issues addressed in the present study are: (i) what is the impact of increased RCM resolution on present-climate hydrological simulations and on future projections? (ii) Are the bias-correction for the RCM outputs and the parameters of the hydrological model stationary and transferable to different climatic conditions? (iii) What is the climate and hydrological change signal based on the new scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5)? Results indicate that high resolution simulations at 12 km better reproduce the seasonal patterns, the seasonal distributions of precipitation and the extreme precipitation events. The parameters of the hydrological model, calibrated to reproduce runoff at the monthly time step over the time period 1984-2010, do not show a strong variability between dry and wet calibration periods in a differential split-sample test. However the bias correction of precipitation by quantile-matching does not give satisfactory results in validation using the same differential split-sample testing method. Therefore a quantile-perturbation method that does not rely on any stationarity assumption and produces ensembles of perturbed series of precipitation was introduced. The climate change signal under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 forcings indicates a decrease in between -30 to -57% in surface runoff for the mid-term (2041-2062) with the different models, when for the same period the projections for precipitation are ranging between -15 and -24% and for temperature between + 1.3 and + 2.3 degrees C.

Ponencia presentada en: VIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Salamanca entre el 25 y el 28 de septiembre de 2012. [ES]Este trabajo describe los resultados de la regionalización dinámica de escenarios del AR4 llevada a cabo en el marco del proyecto ESCENA, que es una colaboración de las universidades de Castilla- La Mancha, Cantabria, Murcia y Alcalá de Henares para contribuir a los escenarios regionales del Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático (Escenarios-PNACC 2012). Los resultados cubren tres escenarios de emisiones (A1B, A2 y B1) y tres modelos globales diferentes (ECHAM5, HadCM3 y Arpege), regionalizados por 4 modelos regionales diferentes (PROMES, WRF, MM5 y REMO) para el periodo 1951-2050. Esta contribución detalla las características de los productos generados en el proyecto, y que se encuentran a disposición de los usuarios. [EN]This work summarizes the dynamical downscaling of the AR4 climate change scenarios carried out in the framework of the ESCENA project. This project is a collaborative effort of the Universities of Castilla-La Mancha, Cantabria, Murcia and Alcalá de Henares, in order to contribute to the regional scenarios of the Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático (Escenarios-PNACC 2012). The results of this project cover three emissions scenarios (SRES A1B, A2 and B1) and three different global climate models (ECHAM5, HadCM3 and Arpege), downscaled by means of 4 different regional climate models (PROMES, WRF, MM5 and REMO) for the period 1951-2050. This communication summarizes the main features of the products generated within this project. These products are publicly available for end-users. Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, dentro de la acción estratégica Energía y Cambio Climático (proyecto ESCENA, “Generación de escenarios regionalizados de cambio climático en España con modelos de alta resolución”, Ref: 200800050084265).

Presentación realizada para las XXXII Jornadas Científicas de la Asociación Meteorológica Española y 13º Encuentro Hispano-Luso de Meteorología celebrados en Alcobendas (Madrid), del 28 al 30 de mayo de 2012.

Ponencia presentada en: XXXII Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIII Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Alcobendas (Madrid), del 28 al 30 de mayo de 2012. Cinco Modelos Regionales de Clima (MRCs) de última generación (PROMES, dos versiones de WRF, MM5 y REMO centrados en la Península Ibérica han sido utilizados para analizar tanto campos medios como extremos de precipitación y temperatura (máxima y mínima) sobre Marruecos.

Póster presentado en: VIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Salamanca entre el 25 y el 28 de septiembre de 2012. Los resultados de este trabajo provienen del proyecto europeo PRUDENCE (FP5, contrato EVK2-2000-00132), y de fondos del proyecto regional de la Junta de Castilla-La Mancha (POII10-0255-8836).

Ponencia presentada en: VIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Salamanca entre el 25 y el 28 de septiembre de 2012. [ES]La modelización climática de los procesos de precipitación es uno de los aspectos más complejos y que presentan una mayor incertidumbre en las proyecciones de cambio climático relacionadas con el incremento de gases de efecto invernadero. Además, los estudios suelen analizar los cambios en la precipitación, pero es menos frecuente enfocarse en los cambios en los periodos sin lluvia. Sin embargo, sobre la Península Ibérica, las características de los periodos secos es un aspecto muy importante en su climatología, y donde los estreses hídricos constituyen un problema de gran relevancia e interés. [EN]Climatic modelling of precipitation processes is one of the most complex issues and with higher uncertainty when dealing with climatic change projections due to the increase of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, studies usually analyze changes in precipitation, but is less frequent to put the focus on the changes of no rain periods. Nevertheless, over the Iberian Peninsula, the characteristics of dry spells is a very relevant aspect of its climatology, where hydrological stresses is a very relevant and important problem. Los resultados de este trabajo provienen del proyecto europeo PRUDENCE (FP5, contrato EVK2-2000- 00132), y de fondos del proyecto regional de la Junta de Castilla-La Mancha (POII10-0255-8836).

Ponencia presentada en: XXXI Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XI Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Sevilla, del 1 al 3 de marzo de 2010.

This study aims to assess the skill of regional climate models (RCMs) at reproducing the climatology of Mediterranean cyclones. Seven RCMs are considered, five of which were also coupled with an oceanic model. All simulations were forced at the lateral boundaries by the ERA-Interim reanalysis for a common 20-year period (1989–2008). Six different cyclone tracking methods have been applied to all twelve RCM simulations and to the ERA-Interim reanalysis in order to assess the RCMs from the perspective of different cyclone definitions. All RCMs reproduce the main areas of high cyclone occurrence in the region south of the Alps, in the Adriatic, Ionian and Aegean Seas, as well as in the areas close to Cyprus and to Atlas mountains. The RCMs tend to underestimate intense cyclone occurrences over the Mediterranean Sea and reproduce 24–40 % of these systems, as identified in the reanalysis. The use of grid nudging in one of the RCMs is shown to be beneficial, reproducing about 60 % of the intense cyclones and keeping a better track of the seasonal cycle of intense cyclogenesis. Finally, the most intense cyclones tend to be similarly reproduced in coupled and uncoupled model simulations, suggesting that modeling atmosphere–ocean coupled processes has only a weak impact on the climatology and intensity of Mediterranean cyclones., Climate Dynamics, 51 (3), ISSN:0930-7575, ISSN:1432-0894

This study aims to assess the skill of regional climate models (RCMs) at reproducing the climatology of Mediterranean cyclones. Seven RCMs are considered, five of which were also coupled with an oceanic model. All simulations were forced at the lateral boundaries by the ERA-Interim reanalysis for a common 20-year period (1989–2008). Six different cyclone tracking methods have been applied to all twelve RCM simulations and to the ERA-Interim reanalysis in order to assess the RCMs from the perspective of different cyclone definitions. All RCMs reproduce the main areas of high cyclone occurrence in the region south of the Alps, in the Adriatic, Ionian and Aegean Seas, as well as in the areas close to Cyprus and to Atlas mountains. The RCMs tend to underestimate intense cyclone occurrences over the Mediterranean Sea and reproduce 24–40 % of these systems, as identified in the reanalysis. The use of grid nudging in one of the RCMs is shown to be beneficial, reproducing about 60 % of the intense cyclones and keeping a better track of the seasonal cycle of intense cyclogenesis. Finally, the most intense cyclones tend to be similarly reproduced in coupled and uncoupled model simulations, suggesting that modeling atmosphere–ocean coupled processes has only a weak impact on the climatology and intensity of Mediterranean cyclones. This paper is a contribution to the special issue on Med-CORDEX, an international coordinated initiative dedicated to the multi-component regional climate modelling (atmosphere, ocean, land surface, river) of the Mediterranean under the umbrella of HyMeX, CORDEX, and Med-CLIVAR and coordinated by Samuel Somot, Paolo Ruti, Erika Coppola, Gianmaria Sannino, Bodo Ahrens, and Gabriel Jordà.