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Cilj ovog rada je koncipirati i konstruirati čeljusnu drobilicu za kamen manjeg kapaciteta s pogonom na standardnu mrežu 220V. Prilikom konstruiranja, mora se posvetiti posebna pažnja na sigurnost pri uporabi uređaja. U sklopu ovog rada pregledana su postojeća rješenja i patenti, određeni su problemi korisnika i definirani konstrukciji ciljevi, napravljena je funkcijska struktura proizvoda, morfološka matrica i nekoliko koncepata od koji je izabran jedan koji je u potpunosti razrađen. Za odabrani koncept napravljen je proračun, izrađen 3D model i tehnička dokumentacija. The aim of this paper is to draft and desing a jaw crucher for stone with a small capacity powered by a standard 220V network. When designing, attention must be paid to safety in using the device. As part of this paper, existing solutions and patents were reviwed, user problems were determined and construction objectives were defined, the functional structure of the product, morphological matrix and several concepts were made, one of witch was fully developed. For the selected concept calculations were made, alogside 3D model and technical documentacion.

Additional file 1. Reproducible database searches and the results obtained.

The sphenoid bone development occurs in both prenatal and postnatal periods. Sphenoid bone openings are used as surgical landmarks and are of great importance for neurosurgeons in everyday practice. The aim of this study was to identify morphological characteristics, postnatal development and remodeling, as well as clinical aspect of the sphenoid bone openings and to investigate their relationship and difference in size. The macerated sphenoid bones analyzed in this study were scanned by micro-computed tomography. Areas and distance in-between foramen ovale and foramen rotundum were measured. In addition, different shapes of foramen ovale were described. The most common shape of foramen ovale on both sides was oval, followed by the round, almond and elongated shapes. Modest to strong positive correlations between all foramina and age for the whole sample and both subsamples were presented, except for the right foramen rotundum area in the male subsample, which did not show significant correlation with age. Our study revealed changes in postnatal development and anatomy of foramen ovale and foramen rotundum, primarily in the aspects of size and shape, and should contribute to reducing the risk of damage to neurovascular structures during surgical procedures., Razvoj klinaste kosti odvija se u prenatalnom i postnatalnom razdoblju. Otvori klinaste kosti se koriste kao kirurški orijentiri i od velike su važnosti za neurokirurge u svakodnevnoj praksi. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je prikazati morfološke karakteristike, postnatalni razvoj i preoblikovanje, kao i klinički aspekt koštanih otvora klinaste kosti te istražiti njihov odnos i razliku u veličini. Macerirane klinaste kosti analizirane u ovom istraživanju skenirane su mikroCT-om. Izmjerene su površine i udaljenost između ovalnog i okruglog otvora. Uz to, opisani su različiti oblici ovalnog otvora. Najčešći oblik ovalnog otvora obostrano je ovalni, potom okrugli, bademasti i izduženi oblik. Prikazane su umjerene do jake pozitivne povezanosti između svih otvora i starosti za cijeli uzorak i oba poduzorka, osim površine desnog okruglog otvora u muškom poduzorku koji nije pokazao značajnu povezanost s godinama. Naše istraživanje otkrilo je promjene u postnatalnom razvoju i anatomiji ovalnog i okruglog otvora, prvenstveno u pogledu veličine i oblika, što bi trebalo doprinijeti smanjenju rizika od oštećenja krvožilnih i živčanih struktura tijekom kirurških zahvata.

The sphenoid bone development occurs in both prenatal and postnatal periods. Sphenoid bone openings are used as surgical landmarks and are of great importance for neurosurgeons in everyday practice. The aim of this study was to identify morphological characteristics, postnatal development and remodeling, as well as clinical aspect of the sphenoid bone openings and to investigate their relationship and difference in size. The macerated sphenoid bones analyzed in this study were scanned by micro-computed tomography. Areas and distance in-between foramen ovale and foramen rotundum were measured. In addition, different shapes of foramen ovale were described. The most common shape of foramen ovale on both sides was oval, followed by the round, almond and elongated shapes. Modest to strong positive correlations between all foramina and age for the whole sample and both subsamples were presented, except for the right foramen rotundum area in the male subsample, which did not show significant correlation with age. Our study revealed changes in postnatal development and anatomy of foramen ovale and foramen rotundum, primarily in the aspects of size and shape, and should contribute to reducing the risk of damage to neurovascular structures during surgical procedures.

The aim of this study was to determine how maternal diet and switching male offspring to a different dietary regime after lactation influences rat liver. During pregnancy and lactation maternal diet high in fat can affect metabolic changes that can cause high levels of inflammatory cytokines. The transition from intauterine to the different postnatal diet affects lipid accumulation in the liver that cause non-alchocolic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Metabolic syndrome (MeS) is defined by a cluster of abnormalities comprising obesity, hypertension, carbohydrate intolerance and dyslipidemia. MeS increases the risk of developing various diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral angiopathy and type 2 diabetes1,2. In our study, the subjects were 561 persons, residents of 11 homes for the elderly in Zagreb, Croatia. There were 160 men (28,5%) and 401 women (71.5%), aged from 56 to 96 years (the average being 79 years). Physical examination was conducted, which included blood pressure measurement, and body height and weight. Blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. Along with other biochemical parameters, the levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol (LDL, HDL-C) were also measured. The results have shown the prevalence of MeS in the elderly instutionalised people to be in the range of 20.8%, according to WHO criteria. The most common MeS component was hypertension, and it was significantly more frequent in women than in men; also, the elevated triglyceride levels were more often found in women; the difference between men and women was also statistically significant. MeS is a serious and growing health problem not only in Croatia but worldwide as well. Further studies are needed to verify the prevalence of MeS in Croatia, as it is a major risk for CVD and many other severe diseases.

The aims of this study were to determine contentment of diabetic patients with mediterranean diet, and to compare expenses of mediterranean diet and standard diabetic diet. 90 adult patients (61% males and 39% females, age 33-71) with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized due to regulation of glycaemia entered the study.50 patients were supplied with mediterranean diet and 40 patients with standard diabetic diet. Patients were controlled in the outpatient ambulance 6 months after hospitalization. After six months patients filled out poll about nutritional habits again and poll showed that 68% of patients who were supplied with mediterranean diet followed diet from hospital experience and 44% of patients who were on standard diabetic diet during the hospitalization followed the diet from hospital experience. Mediterranean diet has beneficial effect on regulation of glycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To evaluate self-assessed level of clinical skills of graduating medical students at Zagreb University School of Medicine and compare them with clinical skill levels expected by their teachers and those defined by a criterion standard. Method: The study included all medical students (n = 252) graduating from the Zagreb University School of Medicine in the 2004-2005 academic year and faculty members (n = 129) involved in teaching clinical skills. The participants completed anonymous questionnaire listing 99 clinical skills divided into nine groups. Students were asked to assess their clinical skills on a 0-5 scale, and faculty members were asked to assess the minimum necessary level of clinical skills expected from graduating medical students, using the same 0-5 scale. We compared the assessment scores of faculty members with students’ self-assessment scores. Participants were grouped according to their descriptive characteristics for further comparison. Results: The response rate was 91% for students and 70% for faculty members. Students’ self-assessment scores in all nine groups of clinical skills ranged from 2.2 ± 0.8 to 3.8 ± 0.5 and were lower than those defined by the criterion standard (3.0-4.0) and those expected by teachers (from 3.1 ± 1.0 to 4.4 ± 0.5) (P