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At present, poultry, pig and cattle production constitute the most important branches of animal production in the world, which currently contributes to fulfill the protein needs of the world population. The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics is predicted with the purpose of using them as animal growth promoters. Among the species that are most used for the elaboration of these products, are those from Bacillus genus. One of them is Bacillus subtilis, a bacterium able to stimulate the immune system, produce enzymes, resist acid pH gastric barriers, and produce antimicrobial substances that inhibit different pathogenic microorganisms. For these reasons, zootechnical additives, made with Bacillus, are considered an alternative in the current livestock industry. The objective of this review was to show the probiotic potential in pig farming, poultry farming and calf rearing that Bacillus subtilis endospores have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the probiotic effect of PROBIOLACTlL®, SUBTILPROBIO® biopreparations and their mixture, on productive and health indicators in growing pigs, an experiment with a completely randomized design was developed, with four treatments: 1 control) basal diet without additives, 2) basal diet + PROBIOLACTIL®, 3) basal diet + SUBTILPROBIO® and 4) basal diet + mixture of both biopreparations. As a result, it was confirmed that these additives and their mixture improved all indicators. Better effects were manifested in pigs that consumed PROBIOLACTIL®. The evaluated biopreparations produced benefits in animals, since they improved eubiosis of the gastrointestinal tract, which contributed to improve (P <0.05) live weight (27.15 kg/25.59 kg), daily mean gain of animals (408.65g/445.27g), weight gain (19.42kg/16.36 kg) and food conversion (2.44/2.90). Furthermore, the incidence of diarrhea decreased (8.57/67.14 %) in treated animals. Results confirm the probiotic potential of these biopreparations, when applied to pigs during growth stage, with better effects on those that consumed PROBIOLACTIL®. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical-chemical composition of fruit peels was characterized in order to obtain a biopreparation from a culture medium with aqueous extracts of fruit peels (banana, pineapple and papaya) for growing Lactobacillus plantarum CAM-6 and the evaluation of its kinetic parameters and stability over time. Then, an experiment with a completely randomized design and five treatments was developed, in which different mixtures of water with different proportions of fruit peels were evaluated as culture medium. Biomass, concentration of total reducing sugars, lactic acid and pH were determined. Later, growth kinetics was developed in the selected medium for 24 h, and specific growth rate and duplication time were determined. Finally, strain viability was evaluated under refrigeration conditions, at 4 °C, for 48 days. It was demonstrated that peels presented sufficient soluble solids (12.50-11.67 °Brix), proteins (0.33-1.31%) and ashes (0.53-1.32 %) for bacterial growth. The most suitable medium was the aqueous broth of fruit peel extract, containing 40% fruit peel and 60% water, with a growth of 22.97 LN CFU.mL-1, speed of 0.42 h-1 and duplication time of 1.12 h. Viability was stable for the first 24 days (> 22 LN CFU.mL-1) at 4 °C. It is concluded that the biopreparation with L. plantarum CAM-6 in aqueous extract of papaya, pineapple and banana peels (40:60) guarantees cell growth and viability for 24 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro metabolic activity of Lactobacillus salivarius C-65 (constituent of PROBIOLACTIL® bio-preparation) and its effect on productive and health indicators of lactating calves was evaluated. For this, carbohydrate fermentation and the production of specific enzymes were determined In vitro using API 50 CH and API 50 CHL, and API-ZYM galleries, respectively. Furthermore, growth capacity and fermentative activity of Lactobacillus salivarius were evaluated in RALTEC Milk 17-1 milk replacer for 10 hours. The probiotic effect of PROBIOLACTIL® was assessed on bio-productive and health indicators of lactating calves. As a result, this microorganism ferments sugars galactose, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, mannitol, sorbitol, N-acetyl-glucosamine, maltose, lactose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, inulin and D-raffinose. It was demonstrated that it produces enzymes that intervene in cellulose degradation, and other specific enzymes. This bacterium grew (15 LN CFU.mL-1) in the milk replacer and decreased the pH (6.08-5.82) and total reducing sugars (44-29 mg. L-1) in 10 hours. Finally, it was observed that calves that consumed the two doses of PROBIOLACTIL® (10 and 20 mL) showed differences (P <0.05) when improving weight gain (8 vs. 16 kg), and daily mean gain (163 vs. 326 g), as well as reducing the incidence of diarrhea. It is concluded that the bio-prepared PROBIOLACTIL® presents high metabolic activity and is capable of causing a probiotic effect on productive and health indicators of lactating calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer benefits to host health. Lactic acid bacteria are the most widely used, especially those of Lactobacillus genus. One of the species of this genus is Lactobacillus salivarius, capable of colonizing the digestive tract of humans and animals. It resists gastric barriers of acid pH and bile, and produces antimicrobial substances, such as organic acids and bacteriocins that inhibit different pathogenic microorganisms. This bacterium attaches to epithelial cells and stimulates the immune system. For these reasons, there is a lot of research aimed to evaluating the effect of Lactobacillus salivarius in monocultures or multi-strains, on microbiological, physiological, productive and health indicators in animals of zootechnical interest. There is evidence of the results of the selection process of strains from the digestive tract of animals, in which they are candidates for their in vitro and in vivo probiotic activity. This review has the objective of evaluating the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus salivarius and its effect on poultry, pig farming and calf rearing. In addition, some future considerations are recommended for its use as a probiotic additive in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the probiotic effect of a mixture of Bacillus subtilis 20Bp and Lactobacillus brevis 40Lp on productive and health indicators of broilers, a total of 400 Cobb 500® chicks were used. A completely randomized design was applied and two treatments were established: control and probiotic, with 200 animals each. In the control, only the feeding formulas of the farm were applied, and in the probiotic a probiotic mixture was supplied, in doses of 1 mL per kg of food (109 ufc.g-1).The live weight, average daily gain, cumulative food intake and food conversion were calculated as productive indicators weekly recorded until the end of breeding. Among the health indicators, the viability and mortality were evaluated. It was found that the productive parameters improved with the use of the probiotic mixture, with an average daily gain of 65.61 g, while 56.96 g were produced in the control group. The application of the mixture improved the food conversion to 1.70, when compared to the control results (1.93, and the mortality was higher in the latter. It is concluded that the use of the probiotic mixture in the production of broilers favored the productive and health parameters evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In intensive livestock production, not all storage conditions are available for the conservation of biological products. Hence, the objective of this research was to verify the stability of three zootechnical additives: SUBTILPROBIO® C-31, C-34 and E-44 at room temperature (24 ± 3 ºC) and in refrigeration (4 ± 8 ºC). For this, three experiments were carried out: 1) microbiological quality of the additives, 2) viability of the endospores and 3) pH dynamics. The results revealed the absence of contaminating microorganisms in the additives, such as fecal and total coliforms, Pseudomonas auruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella. The count of yeasts (<103mL) and fungi (<10CFU.mL-1), acceptable for products of animal consumption. The viability of endospores showed no difference in both temperatures (16 Log CFU.mL-1). However, the pH showed differences (P <0.05) between the initial hour and the seventh day for both temperatures [environment: C-31: 6.38 / 5.70; C-34: 6.38 / 5.74; E-44: 6.38 / 5.77 and refrigeration: C-31: 6.38 / 4.52; C-34: 6.38 / 4.50; E-44: 6.38 / 4.49]. It can concluded that there is no difference for both temperatures, which makes viable the preservation of zootechnical additives SUBTILPROBIO® C-31, C-34 and E-44 in both conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strains C-31, C-34 and E-44 of Bacillus subtilis, sub species subtilis were characterized for their use in the elaboration of animal additives destined for animal production. The studied strains belong to the strains collection from the Centro de Estudios Biotecnológicos de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Matanzas and to the Instituto de Ciencia Animal. For the characterization of these strains, growth capacity, endospores production, enzyme production, antimicrobial activity and response to 25 broad spectrum antibiotics were considered. The results showed that the three strains have high growth capacity and endospore production, were able to inhibit Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms; in addition to showing sensitivity to the 25 antibiotics evaluated. This allows inferring that these strains show favorable ranges to be used as animal additives, which are currently a promising alternative to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodology for the isolation, identification and selection of Bacillus spp. strains is established for probiotic purposes for their use in livestock interest. The strains were isolated from different ecosystems (bovine feces, caecum bird, decayed tomato juice and soil with slaughterhouse blood). The experiment was developed in three stages. The first one was related to the isolation, preselection and identification of the strains and conservation; the second with the evaluation of the growth capacity in a new culture medium, formulated from some national components (final molasses, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cream hydrolyzate, calcium chloride and bacteriological peptone); the third stage included the integral evaluation of the effect of animal additives on probiotic response indicators in birds. With the proposed methodology, 100 strains were isolated, 48 of them with characteristics of the Bacillus spp. genus. The three strains were characterized (C-31, C-34 and E-44) that had the best characteristics as candidates for probiotics, capable of manifesting high growth capacity (P <0.001) in the new culture medium. The production cost of them was 2.34 Cuban pesos and 0.54 / L USD. These three animal additives showed their effect on chickens, when improving the probiotic response in the microbiological, immunological, fermentative, hematological and productive indicators in these animals. From the obtained results, it can be assured that the methodological proposal to isolate, identify and select Bacillus spp. strains can be applied in Cuba to improve the productive response in livestock interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strains C-31, C-34 and E-44 of Bacillus subtilis, sub species subtilis were characterized for their use in the elaboration of animal additives destined for animal production. The studied strains belong to the strains collection from the Centro de Estudios Biotecnológicos de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Matanzas and to the Instituto de Ciencia Animal. For the characterization of these strains, growth capacity, endospores production, enzyme production, antimicrobial activity and response to 25 broad spectrum antibiotics were considered. The results showed that the three strains have high growth capacity and endospore production, were able to inhibit Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms; in addition to showing sensitivity to the 25 antibiotics evaluated. This allows inferring that these strains show favorable ranges to be used as animal additives, which are currently a promising alternative to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodology for the isolation, identification and selection of Bacillus spp. strains is established for probiotic purposes for their use in livestock interest. The strains were isolated from different ecosystems (bovine feces, caecum bird, decayed tomato juice and soil with slaughterhouse blood). The experiment was developed in three stages. The first one was related to the isolation, preselection and identification of the strains and conservation; the second with the evaluation of the growth capacity in a new culture medium, formulated from some national components (final molasses, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cream hydrolyzate, calcium chloride and bacteriological peptone); the third stage included the integral evaluation of the effect of animal additives on probiotic response indicators in birds. With the proposed methodology, 100 strains were isolated, 48 of them with characteristics of the Bacillus spp. genus. The three strains were characterized (C-31, C-34 and E-44) that had the best characteristics as candidates for probiotics, capable of manifesting high growth capacity (P <0.001) in the new culture medium. The production cost of them was 2.34 Cuban pesos and 0.54 / L USD. These three animal additives showed their effect on chickens, when improving the probiotic response in the microbiological, immunological, fermentative, hematological and productive indicators in these animals. From the obtained results, it can be assured that the methodological proposal to isolate, identify and select Bacillus spp. strains can be applied in Cuba to improve the productive response in livestock interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For evaluating the probiotic effect of a biopreparation with Lactobacillus salivarius C65 on productive and health indicators in lactating piglets, an experiment was realized with a completely randomized design and two treatments: basic diet (control) and basic diet + C65 biopreparation. Ten piglet litters of the Yorkshire – Landrace commercial cross x L35 were used from the first day of birth until 35 d of age. As a result from the utilization of this biopreparation, live weight (9.46 kg) of the animals treated with the probiotic improved (P ≤ 0.05) regarding the control group (8.02 kg) at five weeks. Also there was a better weight increase and daily live weight gain. There was also a decrease in diarrhea incidence. It is confirmed the probiotic potential that this biopreparation has for creating beneficial effects on lactating piglet yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was developed as part of the process for the selection of Lactobacillus strains with possible probiotic activity. Their objectives were to identify isolated strains of the digestive tract of broiler chickens and to discover the production of antimicrobial substances in front of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for their selection as probiotic strains. Six bacterial isolates (C7, C10, C11,C19, C44 and C65) were identified from the 16S-23S intergenic region sequence of the ribosomal RNA. The production of antimicrobial substances of these strains was determined by the substance diffusion method in agar. All strains were identified as Lactobacillus salivarius and were capable of inhibiting growth in the bacteria used as indicators, mainly by acid production. The inhibition by the production of possible bacteriocins was only found in the C7, C19 and C65 strains in the presence of Escherichia coli. These results confirm the possible utilization of the studied bacteria as candidates to probiotic microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En la actualidad, la avicultura moderna utiliza con frecuencia los productos de exclusión competitiva, debido a la capacidad de estos para prevenir la colonización de enteropatógenos en el tracto gastrointestinal de las aves. En esta reseña se analizan aspectos fundamentales de la utilización actual de los biopreparados, conocidos como mezclas de exclusión competitiva. Se aborda el origen de estos productos, su modo de acción, los tipos de cultivos microbianos, así como su empleo en la protección ante bacterias patógenas, las vías de administración y los sistemas de aplicación. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos, a partir de la utilización de estas mezclas de exclusión competitiva en la avicultura y de su evaluación en Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, modern poultry production uses, frequently, products of competitive exclusion due to their capacity to prevent colonization of enteropathogens in the gastrointestinal tract of birds. The main aspects in the current utilization of biological preparations, known as mixtures from competitive exclusion, are analyzed in this review. The origin of these products, their mode of action, and the types of microbial cultures are dealt with, as well as their utilization for protecting against pathogenic bacteria, ways of supply, and application systems. The results are discussed according to the use of these mixtures from competitive exclusion in poultry rearing and their evaluation in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compilation of the apiculture history, main diseases of bees, ways for their control and the use of probiotics in the care of these insects is show. Probiotics are live microorganisms that when they are intake in adequate amounts they confer benefits to the host health. Among the most bacteria used with this purpose, are those from Bacillus genus and their species subtilis, which are highlighted due to their capacity of founded the microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract and modulate the immune system. This performance is favorable for the processes of digestion and nutrients absorption, in addition decrease the incidence of infectious diseases. If there is evidence of the probiotic effect, In vitro and in vivo, of this species in a group of animals of zoothecnical interest, few of their use in apiculture is know. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PROBIOLEV® symbiotic additive includes yeast cream from distillery in its formulation. It is characterized by improving the productive performance and health of animals of zootechnical interest. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical and microbiological composition of five creams of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, obtained from different Cuban distilleries with the purpose of elaborating PROBIOLEV®. For the chemical characterization of creams, descriptive statistics was carried out on dry matter, ashes, crude and true protein, as well as reducing sugars, total carbohydrates and pH. From the microbiological point of view, a count of contaminating microorganisms was performed and organoleptic characteristics were analyzed.The bromatological evaluation showed values between 15-20 % of dry matter, 16-18 % of ash, 80-85 % of organic matter, 35-40 % of crude protein, 32-36 % of true protein, 4-6 % of total carbohydrates and 2-4% reducing sugars. Creams were found not to contain contaminating microorganisms such as coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Bacillus cereus. From these results, it is concluded that the different creams of S. cerevisiae, without considering their distillery of origin, have adequate chemical and microbiological characteristics for their use in the production of PROBIOLEV®. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of a probiotic mixture (bio-preparation) based on Lactobacillus salivariusC65 and Bacillus subtilis E44 strains on the diet of started birds of heavy pure breeds, a research was conducted at the Unidad Genética Avícola “Granma” from Pedro Betancourt municipality, Matanzas. The study was carried out in a period of 35 days, between December2013 and January 2014.The design was completely randomized and two treatments were evaluated: T1) basal diet (control) and T2) basal diet plus bio-preparations mixture, in ratio 1:1. A total of 600 heavy pure breeds B4 birds were used, (300 per treatment) with an average weight of 42 grams at birth. They stayed on floor under similar management and feeding conditions. The liveweight, intake, conversion in weight per kilogram of intake food, mortality and birds viability was determined. The animals that received the probiotic mixture had a high liveweight during the rearing, except in the first two weeks, in which there were not differences between treatments. There were differences (P<0. 05) in the conversion per bird and the mortality percentage and viability, in favor of the treatment with the probiotic mixture. It concludes that it is possible to use this bio -preparation in the started birds feeding of heavy pure breeds, since the best biometric results were found in the group of birds treated with the animal additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the antibacterial potential of an enzymatic hydrolyzed preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, three in vitro experiments were performed. The confrontation of the biopreparation with the pathogenic microorganisms was performed through the methods of substance diffusion in agar, the co-culture establishment and the co-aggregation technique. Bacterial isolations were taken from the liver of sick chicken, and were isolated and identified at the Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico Aviar (LIDA) in Matanzas. It was demonstrated that the hydrolyzed preparation contains antibacterial substances, mainly bacteriocins and/or antibiotics, which inhibit the growth of Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. and E. coli spp. The antibacterial effect of this additive was demonstrated after decreasing the population of pathogenic bacteria, when they are cultivated in the same medium. The strains of Salmonella spp. and E. coli spp. induce the ability of co-aggregation (32.7 and 22.3 %, respectively) to the components of the cell wall of yeasts within the hydrolyzed preparation. Results indicate the limited growth of bacterial strains in the presence of the enzymatic hydrolyzed preparation of yeast. This activity is multifactorial and unleashes different processes that are interrelated and, as a consequence, favor the improvements of physiology, yield and health of animals. Therefore, it can be used as an additive for animal feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogenic potentially bacteria from a competitive exclusion mixture (CEM) and its stability in time were determined. To obtain CEM, five adult and healthy broilers from H 2 hybrid of 45 days of age, were sacrificed. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of CEM against indicator strains and its stability during storage at different temperatures were determined. Finally, a microbial quality analysis of CEM was carried out. Growth inhibition of all indicator strains was observed by acid production (variant 1), except from Lactobacillus salivarias. CEM showed a high level of acetic, propionic and butiric acids. A high grow capacity and satiability was demonstrated during 30 days of CEM storage under refrigeration and environmental conditions,as well as a good microbial quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the zootechnical additive SUBTILPROBIO® E-44 in productive and health indicators in E1 heavy pure breeds birds under production conditions, an experiment for a period of six weeks was developed. A completely randomized design was applied, with two treatments: control group corn-soybean basal diet and group I basal diet + SUBTILPROBIO® E-44 zootechnical additive. A total of 1800 birds with an average weight of 43 g were used, distributed in 900 birds per treatment. They were located on the floor, in similar conditions of management and feeding. To determine the probiotic effect of this zootechnical additive, live weight, conversion, uniformity, viability and mortality were evaluated. The results showed that the birds from the fourth week to the sixth expressed a probiotic response in the productive indicator live weight (4:1472g/1406), (5:1897g/1826g) and (6:2387g/2336g) for P <0.01. At the end of the experiment, the productive indicators live weight (2387g/ 326g) and conversion showed significant values (1.8/1.9) for P <0.01, as well as uniformity (88/84 %) for P <0.001, with respect to the control group and to the standard for the breed under study. The mortality (3.8/8) and viability (96.2/92 %) indicators showed differences with respect to the control for P <0.01. The results of the research show the feasibility of using this zootechnical additive as an improver of the productive and health indicators for this poultry category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to chemically and microbiologically characterize the zootechnical additive VITAFERT and evaluate its stability for 90 days. To analyze the results of the chemical and microbiological characterization, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation) was applied. One-way analysis of variance was used to study stability. INFOSTAT package, version 2012, was also used. The performance of the chemical composition was similar similar in the five studied batches, with mean for dry matter (9.70%), ashes (10.5%), calcium (1.33%), phosphorus (0.65%), crude protein (7.12%) and pH (4.0). The additive showed high counts of lactic acid bacteria, with values between 3.24 x 1012 CFU.mL-1 and 4.95 x 1012 UFC.mL-1 and yeasts between 7.00 x 107 CFU.mL-1 and 9.66 x 107 CFU.mL-1 respectively, as well as a pH of 4.0. The stability study showed that the product maintains a pH of 4.0 up to 90 days. It is concluded that the zootechnical additive VITAFERT has chemical and microbiological characteristics for its application in animal feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in a farm belonging to the Combinado Avícola de Matanzas, Cuba, using Leghorn L33 line laying hens, and lasted three months. The objetive of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical additive SUBTILPROBIO® for feeding laying hens. This additive was produced with strains of Bacillus subtilis, subtilis C-31 subspecies, in a concentration of 109 endospores/g. The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design, with two treatments: group I, base diet (maize-soybean) and group II: base diet + SUBTILPROBIO® C-31. An amount of 600 hens, with a mean weight of 1,192 grams and 113 days old was used, divided into 300 hens/treatment. Hens were located in cages under similar conditions of management and feeding. In order to determine the probiotic effect of this zootechnical additive, liveweight, intake, conversion, total production of eggs and cracked eggs, and total disqualified eggs, as well as mortality, death by pecking, cannibalism and viability were evaluated. Results showed that hens consumed the zootechnical additive had a higher increase of productive indicators like liveweight (1640.0g/1585.0g), intake (10780 kg-1 DM), conversion (1.92/2.10), egg production (15,540/15,397), cracked eggs (1,092/1,114) and disqualified eggs (69/76) for P<0.01 regarding control group. In other indicators like mortality (1/4), viability (99.6/98.6%) and death by pecking/cannibalism (1/2), there are no differences among treatments. Results of this research demonstrate feasibility of the use of this zootechnical additive as improver of productive and health indicators for this category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to isolate and select bacteria with cellulolytic capacity, having future application as inoculum in the fibrous organic waste composting. Five sampling environments were considered: organic agriculture (AO), conventional agriculture (AQ), forest (BM); sugarcane area (RC) and compost piles (AC). For bacterial isolation the nutrient agar medium was used changing the carbon source by cellulose. The main selection criterion of the bacterial isolates was the growth on above medium and its positive reaction to congo red test, showing clear zones around the colonies. The 93 bacterial isolates obtained were subjected to Gram staining, catalase test, presence of endospores and aerobically growth; having 70 bacteria Bacillus spp. like characteristics. Their cellulolytic activities were determined and 30 bacteria produced hydrolysis halo. Eight of these bacterial isolates were selected according to the largest halo production (AO-19, AO-28, AO-29, AQ-2, BM-7, RC-2, RC-6, CR-18) and their growth at different pH (3, 5, 7, 9) and temperatures (50 and 70 °C) were evaluated. The bacteria AO-19 showed higher hydrolysis halo with 12,33 mm and growth stability at different pH and temperature levels, for which its growth dynamic and amylolytic and pectinolytic capacity was determined. According to results the bacteria AO-19 has potential to be used as inoculum in composting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]